Speech Situation Research Articles

The Function of Politeness of Teacher Language In Implementing Character Values To The Primary School Students

This research aims to identify the function of the language politeness of the teacher in implanting character values to students in the primary school. The research was carried out at the primary school of SD Muhammadiyah Pahandut, Kota Palangka Raya. A qualitative method was used in this research with a pragmatics research design. The pragmatics design used to analyze the data was based on the principle of politeness which included six maxims and five components of speech situation. The data were obtained from conversational discourse between teachers and students containing language politeness in teaching and learning activities at the school. Then the data were also supported by doing interviews with involved teachers and by reviewing assessment report documents of students to relate the function of the teacher's language politeness with student character values of being attained. The data obtained using the triangulation technique were analyzed and presented by the qualitative descriptive technique. The results showed that there were 150 items of teacher language politeness which provided very good functions in implanting character values to students as an effort to build character for primary school students

Psychoanalysis, the Sufi, and the Story

Psychoanalysis, the Sufi, and the Story

A LITTLE KNOWN PAGE OF THE BULGARIAN METHODOLOGICAL HERITAGE: “THE GRAMMAR IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL. GUIDELINES FOR CREATIVE THINKING” (1937) BY PETAR LAKOV AND PAVEL GETOV

The focus of this paper is a hitherto unstudied methodological guide “The Grammar in Junior High School. Guidelines for Creative Thinking” (1937) by Petar Lakov and Pavel Getov, and above all its theoretical perspectives. The authors clearly state their opinion about the weaknesses in mother tongue education and outline ways to overcome them. Their views about native language learning are evaluated in view of the innovative approaches to the teaching of the Bulgarian language, presented in the 1920s and 1930s in the works of Petko Tsonev, Dimitar Grancharov and Lyuben Georgiev. As a result of the analysis, some of the current in terms of the contemporary methodological views are highlighted such as the communicative orientation of the native language learning and the development of skills for active participation in different speech situations in order to create a different types of discourse. The analysis proves that the methodological guide of Lakov and Getov is an important testimony of the dominant trends in native language learning, aimed at the formation of the creative and socially responsible individuals.

Teaching the Russian verb to Chinese philology students: functional-grammatical and methodological aspects

Russian verb teaching experience to foreign (Chinese) philology students revealed the main difficulties in understanding topics related to the system of the Russian verb and its grammatical categories. These difficulties are due to a complex process of interaction between verb grammatical categories, grammatical and lexical meanings, grammatical form and context, and the general situation of speech. In terms of such interaction, various uses of verb forms, contexts allowing interchangeability of grammemes, as well as grammemes functioning in the meaning of another one are created. In the course of verb forms functioning implicit grammatical meanings easily recognized by a native speaker occur in the text but these forms are particularly problematic for foreign students. In the methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language, researchers and textbook authors generally focus on the category of aspect and on verbs of motion. Other grammatical categories of the verb attract scientists to a far lesser extent. Implicit narration meanings particularly lack attention. The purpose of this study is a comprehensive analysis of all the difficult cases associated with the verb, its grammatical categories and forms. Data obtained in the course of the study will be considered in the practice of teaching RCT and moreover it will give an opportunity to eliminate all the difficulties. Methods of observation, description, transformation, survey, functional and semantic analysis were used in the course of the study. Extracts from the Russian writers' texts selected from the National Corpus of the Russian Language provided the main language material. The research conducted suggests the tools for the development of foreign students' skills and abilities that will allow them to perceive implicit meanings expressed by verbal forms and to integrate their knowledge into speech. This requires a system-functional approach to teaching the discipline, involving various functionings of verb forms as well as rich lexical material. Besides, students’ additional efforts, a high level of language proficiency, a certain cultural level, and background knowledge will be necessary.

SOME CONSIDERATIONS ON EUPHEMISMS

This article discusses the definition and classification of euphemisms. Classifications of this article are based on the definition of the English, Russian and Uzbek linguists, and this data may help in writing scientific works and articles. Besides euphemisms that have been used in the language for a long time, there are also euphemisms that are created at the request of a particular speech situation. These euphemisms are synonymous with the words in the language. In most cases, the meaning of euphemistic expressions is revealed in the text, and in terms of methodical tasks they act in a softer, more sophisticated way that seems rough to the author or hero of the work.

Disentangling the Effects of Matching Content and Simultaneous Speech on Phonetic Adaptation

ABSTRACT Past studies demonstrated that interlocutors mutually affect each other’s vocal behavior in joint speech situations. However, findings on exactly how and when these adaptive processes occur are inconsistent. We propose a novel experimental paradigm, the ‘One-Voice Professor’ game, that explicitly separates content matching (“saying the same thing”) from simultaneity (“speaking at the same time”), in an effort to systematically investigate different joint speech conditions. In our first experiment, we analyzed the vocal characteristics of 96 participants who engaged in joint speech with a recorded voice, in a 2-by-2 experimental design. Results indicate significant effects on the fundamental vocal frequency (f0), with the strongest f0 adaptation in the alternating-and-matching condition, and f0 divergence in the simultaneous-and-matching condition. Since these effects could have been impacted by the fact that speakers could not mutually adapt with the recorded voice, we applied the same paradigm in our second experiment to an interactive joint speech situation. Same-gendered dyads (n = 66) improvised speech together in interviews designed to separate matching from simultaneity. The results show main effects of the conditions, with matching leading to stronger f0 adaptation and simultaneity to divergence on secondary voice characteristics (f1, f2, and harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR)). These findings confirm the hypothesis that simultaneity and matching of speech influence phonetic adaptation differently.

Структурно-семантические особенности номинативных единиц англоязычного лингвокультурного сценария “Stock Market”

The purpose of the research is to identify the structural-semantic particularities of language units that are the means of linguistic representation of the English-language linguocultural scenario “Stock Market”. The paper sheds light on the notion of a linguocultural scenario and describes its structure. The work focuses on the structural-semantic particularities of one-word and two-word nominative units of the analysed scenario. Scientific novelty lies in the fact that the English-language linguocultural scenario of the stock market sphere has been considered as a cognitive scheme of the speech situation, taking a comprehensive cognitive-cultural approach to the language material, the features of its structure and semantics have been identified. The research findings demonstrate the predominance of structurally inseparable affixal and compound nominators, as well as the wide spread of structurally separable nominal and verbal nominative units.

Specifics of cognitive and communicative approach to teaching the English profession-related vocabulary to future navigators

The urgent need to develop the modern ways of teaching future navigators the English vocabulary makes the research topical. The unimpeded level of understanding the international communication during the voyage, work in foreign marine companies, communication with shipowners greatly depends on the knowledge of the professional vocabulary. Ignorance of the terminological maritime vocabulary of the English language threatens the safety of life, ship and cargo at sea. The aim of the study is to teach future navigators the English profession-related vocabulary in terms of cognitive and communicative approach. Research methods are as follows: theoretical – analysis of scientific literature on the research topic, empirical – analysis of academic course working programs and syllabi in the discipline "Foreign language for professional purposes" for the students majoring in "Navigation", modelling the process of teaching future navigators the English vocabulary. The article presents the definitions of the terms: "cognitive approach to teaching" and "cognitive and communicative approach". The definitions of the term "terminological maritime vocabulary" are given. The algorithm of the methodological actions concerning teaching the 2nd course cadets within the specialty "Navigation" the English professional vocabulary taking into account the cognitive and communicative approach is presented. The cognitive and communicative system of the exercises for teaching terminological maritime vocabulary is introduced. The system consists of three groups: terminological and cognitive group, training and speech-centred group, professional activity group. The first group of exercises is aimed at semantization and initial consolidation of vocabulary; the second group of exercises is aimed at developing lexical skills; the third group of exercises is aimed at improving and developing more profound professional lexical skills of future navigators. The whole process of teaching future navigators the terminological lexical units was based on the following work algorithm: from tasks for non-mechanical memorization and conscious reproduction of the material to conscious use of the material in educational, training and professional speech situations.

THE SPEECH ACTS OF REFUSING FOOD ON TELEVISION SERIES “TETANGGA MASA GITU?”

In having an interpersonal communication, the speaker might use numerous types of speech acts to convey his/her intended meaning due to a particular reason. Under the domain of pragmatics, the researcher was attracted to explore the use of speech acts for refusing food. Hence, this study aims to investigate the types of speech acts of refusing food performed by the characters on the TV series entitled “Tetangga Masa Gitu?” and uncover the aspects underlying the use of speech acts. In terms of approach, this inquiry applied a descriptive qualitative method. In undergoing the analysis, the researcher employed Austin’s (1962), Searle’s (1976), Wijana’s (1996) and Parker’s Riley’s (2014) notions on the speech acts types. To find out the aspects underlying the speech acts usage, the researcher implemented speech situation aspects and politeness maxims as proposed by Leech (1983) as well as Brown’s and Levinson’s politeness parameters (1987). The data were the utterances indicating the use of speech act to refuse food and the underlying aspects. The data were obtained through TV series “Tetangga Masa Gitu?”. The results exhibit that the characters used direct non-literal and indirect non-literal speech act to refuse food. Meanwhile, the aspects propelling the use of speech acts are politeness, distance, ranking of imposition (Brown Levinson, 1987) and culture (Leech, 1983).

Penggunaan Bahasa dalam Ranah Pariwisata; Studi di Kawasan Taman Nasional Bantimurung Bulusaraung Maros, Sulawesi Selatan

The existence of tourism in the community provides an opportunity for the use of various language domains. The use of language by tour guides in National Park of Bantimurung Bulusaraung, Maros Regency, which is a Bugis-Makassar ethnic community, now used not only the regional language domain, Indonesian language, but also the Makassar Malay language (MML) domain and the foreign language (FL) domain. The use of this language is not only influenced by linguistic aspects but also influenced by non-linguistic aspects such as participant factors, speech situations, speech topics, the speaker's socio-cultural background and speech partners. This article described the forms and variations of language that arise from language contact by guides and tourists. The research method used is a qualitative method with anthropological linguistic approach. Data collection was done by recording and semi-structured interviews with several informants. From the research results found three language choices including single language variation (SLV), language code switching (CS), and code mixing (CM). There were three uses of SL variations, namely Bugis Language (BL), Makassar Malay (MML) and Indonesian Language (I.L) formal varieties. The used of CS from both Bugis to Makassar language (ML) was also found in local tourists (Bugis speakers or Makassar speakers), CS from regional languages (RL) to MML also occurs in interactions between speakers and tourists or speech partners who are not Bugis-Makassar speakers but were the speaker of other regional languages in South Sulawesi. The used of CS from MML to Indonesian language had a formal variety of interactions with domestic tourists. Variations in English Makassar Malay Language as both CS and CM were found in interactions with foreign tourists.

Pragmatic Analysis of Yu Hua's Novel To Live

As a subfield of linguistics developed in the late 1970s, pragmatics studies how people comprehend and produce a communicative act or speech act in a concrete speech situation which is usually a conversation. A pragmatic analysis is a set of linguistic techniques used by analysts to create systematic accounts of texts. They aim to find the whole range of inferences that a reader or listener might make when confronted with a writer's or speaker's locutions in context. This research paper tries to focus on the pragmatic analysis of the language discourse, context, and its function in the novel To Live based on Politeness Principle, Hedging strategies, Cooperative Principles, Conversational Implicature, and Speech Act. It may help readers to comprehend the novel with a deep understanding and to see the novel from different angles.

KATASTROPHENSZENARIEN IN KATHRIN RÖGGLAS DIE ALARMBEREITEN

The paper delves into how Kathrin Röggla, an Austrian author, approaches the problem of tackling the topic of catastrophe in her book die alarmbereiten published in 2010. Röggla, nowadays considered one of the most socially committed and engage authors in Germany’s contemporary literature domain, deals relentlessly with such issues as crisis, catastrophe, alarmism and fear in modern-day society. The media occupies one of the most pivotal roles in this process. What all three chapters of the book have in common is that each of them deals with a different problem: potential natural disasters that do not occur, death due to fire or panic fear caused by climate change, and the great economic crisis. All these topics, as well as a number of others, which are discussed in other chapters, are anticipated by the prophetic words from the beginning of the first chapter. From the aspect of the way of narration in the analyzed chapters, consistent writing in lower case is noticeable, the use of conjunctives, narrative self, but narrative self which never narrates in its own name, i.e., it is never directly announced, but his words are transposed through someone else's perspective, or through the perspective of a friend or through the perspective of a student. Also, a different media aspect was applied in all three chapters: in the first they were sessions, in the second a telephone conversation, and in the third a seminar / class. What all the figures have in common is that they are not typical figures, they do not have any personal identity, but are actually voices that indicate certain problems in society. A small number of voices appear, usually two, so the author simulates a speech situation, which is actually absent because that speech situation is reduced to a monologue of one of the voices. The texts are also characterized by the disappearance of figures, which is noticeable in all three texts. Together with all the analyzed chapters, a tragic end was realized or hinted at, in the second explicitly a fatal outcome. In all three scenarios, the figures are both / or observers and / or victims, as the author pointed out in her poetic texts. In this way, it points to the image of the society in which we live.

USING TEXT MATERIALS IN TEACHING ENGLISH

The article discusses using a short humorous text in order to create a speech situation when teaching English. Such textual materials can become effective incentives for students to generate monologues and dialogic statements in the target language and a motivational basis for group discussion.

Aspek-aspek Pragmatik pada Percakapan dalam Dialog pada Novel Jepang dan Novel Terjemahannya

Conversations in a dialogue generally contain meanings and expressions based on the culture that exists in the spoken situation. The conversation itself contains a pragmatic aspect based on the culture. If a conversation occurs in a novel, it will follow the cultural rules based on the author, so that the pragmatic aspects that occur are based on the speech situation in the conversational culture. If the conversation is translated into a different language, of course, the cultural rules and pragmatic elements will also change, according to the culture and background of the translator. Therefore, in seeking pragmatic equivalence in a conversation in two different languages, it is related to the cultural situation of their respective languages. This study aims to describe pragmatic aspects of conversation in dialogue in translated novels and original novels in Japanese, which include: speech acts, implicatures, and maxims. This research uses a qualitative approach with content analysis methods in the realm of pragmatics, namely conversations in dialogues in novels from both languages. Furthermore, the results obtained that there are equivalences and deviations in the pragmatic aspects of the conversation in the novel, namely, equivalence and deviations in speech acts, equivalence and deviations in implicatures, and equivalence and deviations in the types of maxims. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the equivalence and deviation of pragmatic aspects occur in 5 types of speech acts, 2 types of implicatures and 4 types of maxims.

Pronoun beta and ose in Moluccas Malay

Moluccas Malay is generally spoken in Moluccas and North Moluccas Provinces. However, every place in those provinces has its own different vocabulary usage of the language like in Tanimbar Archipelago Regency. One of the differences can be seen by the usage of pronouns, especially the first person singular beta and the second person singular ose. In Tanimbar, beta is usually changed to saya and sa, while ose is usually changed to kau, engko, itrana, and itwata. In another place like Ambon, ose is sometimes changed to ale. In addition to regional differences, different situations also affect changes in the use of the two pronouns. This is analyzed by using the acronym SPEAKING in anthropological linguistics to be able to find out the speech situation such as place, time, speaker and addressee, purpose, act sequence of the speech, and others. Research data were collected using observation, interview, and documentation techniques which were then analyzed using data reduction, data display, and data conclusion. The results showed that the rules for using the pronouns beta and ose depend on different situations such as in the family when meeting new people, differences in age, gender, social groups.

Speech Acts in English Translation of Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surah Al-A’laa By Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Background: Language is important for people in communication. Starting the communication, people have to understand what the speaker is saying and what is being said. In this case, the speech act theory of learning is important to overcome this problem. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the types of acts used in the translation of Abdullah Yusuf Ali's surah al-fatihah and al-alaa through reading and then describe the speech acts based on the type and classification of functions in the text. translation of surah al fatihah and surah. al-alaa by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods and Austin theory to determine the types of speech acts, the meaning of speech acts, and the function of speech acts in the translation of Al-Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surat Al-A'laa. , and the data collected is in the form of words instead of numbers. This study uses document sources to find research sources. speech act with Austin theory. The data source is by looking at several books and translations of the Koran by Abdullah Yusuf Ali as objects containing linguistic phenomena, especially aspects of speech acts. This research was conducted in 3 ways: interview, observation, and document analysis or artifact analysis. Results: Speech act is an activity in which participants interact with conventional language to achieve a result that involves two parties, namely the speaker and the speech partner in one main speech, in time, place, and speech situation. Conslusion: This study identifies 7 verses in Surah al-Fatihah and 19 verses in Surat Al-Alaa in Abdullah Yusuf Ali's translation of the Koran, in Surah Al-Fatihah there are 7 types of locutions, 18 illocutions with 6 functions. assertive, 4 directive, 1 commissive, 3 expressive, 5 declarative, and 7 perlocutionary sentences. Surah Al-Alaa contains 19 types of locutions, 31 illocutions with 8 assertive functions, 6 directives, 3 commissives, 1 expressive, 13 declarative sentences, and 19 perlocutionary sentences.

Speech Acts in English Translation of Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surah Al-A’laa By Abdullah Yusuf Ali

Background: Language is important for people in communication. Starting the communication, people have to understand what the speaker is saying and what is being said. In this case, the speech act theory of learning is important to overcome this problem. Objective: The purpose of this study was to find out the types of acts used in the translation of Abdullah Yusuf Ali's surah al-fatihah and al-alaa through reading and then describe the speech acts based on the type and classification of functions in the text. translation of surah al fatihah and surah. al-alaa by Abdullah Yusuf Ali. Methods: This study uses qualitative methods and Austin theory to determine the types of speech acts, the meaning of speech acts, and the function of speech acts in the translation of Al-Quran Surah Al-Fatihah and Surat Al-A'laa. , and the data collected is in the form of words instead of numbers. This study uses document sources to find research sources. speech act with Austin theory. The data source is by looking at several books and translations of the Koran by Abdullah Yusuf Ali as objects containing linguistic phenomena, especially aspects of speech acts. This research was conducted in 3 ways: interview, observation, and document analysis or artifact analysis. Results: Speech act is an activity in which participants interact with conventional language to achieve a result that involves two parties, namely the speaker and the speech partner in one main speech, in time, place, and speech situation. Conslusion: This study identifies 7 verses in Surah al-Fatihah and 19 verses in Surat Al-Alaa in Abdullah Yusuf Ali's translation of the Koran, in Surah Al-Fatihah there are 7 types of locutions, 18 illocutions with 6 functions. assertive, 4 directive, 1 commissive, 3 expressive, 5 declarative, and 7 perlocutionary sentences. Surah Al-Alaa contains 19 types of locutions, 31 illocutions with 8 assertive functions, 6 directives, 3 commissives, 1 expressive, 13 declarative sentences, and 19 perlocutionary sentences.

TAXONOMY OF APOLOGY SPEECH SITUATIONS

As one of the vital means of regulating interpersonal relations, apology helps to restore and maintain harmonious relations between interlocutors. Apology is often viewed as a hybrid speech act that encompasses various communicative intentions. In the present paper an attempt is made to classify the main apology speech situations, as well as to present some of the structural, functional and communicative-pragmatic peculiarities of these situations.

FORMATION OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCES IN ECONOMIC STUDENTS USING INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES

The use of innovative technologies and Internet resources in foreign language classes makes it possible to speed up and facilitate the learning process and becomes an integral part of the successful development of foreign language communicative competence among undergraduate students. The problem of achieving the required level of formation of foreign language communicative competence of students is relevant for a number of reasons: the minimum number of classroom hours allocated to the discipline "Foreign Language"; predominance of traditional teaching methods and approaches; the unique characteristics and expectations of Gen Z students raised with digital technology. The research problem is what innovative technologies and Internet resources contribute to the formation of foreign language communicative competence in foreign language classes with economic students in a non-linguistic university? The purpose of the research is to present the experience of foreign language teachers of the Stary Oskol Institute of Technology in the use of innovative technologies in the process of forming foreign language communicative competence among economic students. The research methods used are analysis, generalization, forecasting, observation, evaluation. The results of the research are: the concept of "modeling of educational and speech situations" has been disclosed; a classification of professionally oriented educational and speech situations and examples of their use has been given; an example of the use of project-based learning technology has been presented; the experience of using forms of telecommunications, educational Internet resources and the MS Teams online platform in the educational process with students of economic specialties has been given. Key conclusions: the use of innovative technologies in foreign language classes involves purposeful systematic preparation of students of economic specialties for professional and business foreign language communication, thereby ensuring the formation of foreign language communicative competence.

ЯЗЫКОВЫЕ ЯВЛЕНИЯ, ЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЕ К КАТЕГОРИИ ЛИЦА

The article deals with the language entities: lexemes, phraseological units grammar categories syntactic constructions that can change their meanings in the speech situation when they are related to the category of person. That means that the nuances, meanings or connotations can emerge when they concern the Speaker or the Hearer. The article reveals such changes when it goes about evaluation – the sense of appreciation or disgust. In fact some lexemes or phraseological units are hardly possible when used with the first person, e.G. Ya krasotka (‘I am a beauty’). Still the pragmatic studies make it possible to reveal the intentions that appear by such usage. There can be sarcasm, but also remorse and some other intentions that are analyzed in this article. The same analysis is provided for the usage of lexemes and phraseological units in the context of the 2nd Person i/e/ connected with the Hearer. Not only negative but also positive evaluation is taken into consideration. Some cases of evaluation implemented into grammar categories are also analyzed/ These are forms of the Conditional Mood expressing wish (the meaning of Optative). The difference between evaluation expressed by the basic meaning of lexemes and grammemes and that in connotations is revealed. The conclusion is formulated about the cultural specifics of evaluation expressed by connotations that emerge in some pragmatic contexts connected with the Speaker and the Hearer.