Speech Intentions Research Articles

PSYCHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF FACILITATIVE INTERACTION IN THE PROCESS OF ORGANIZING DIALOGUES AT THE LESSONS AT SECONDARY SCHOOL

Facilitative interaction is characterized by specific psychological, integrative and linguistic features. It was shown that from the psychological point of view dialogization is the process of facilitative speech interaction, which involves the exchange of replicas that do not reach the scope of monologue statements. The term “dialogue” is understood as the process of dialogue, and its result-text, but the text will not always be dialogically in the content.
 The author of the article said that the dialogue (from “dialogues”, diagonal, logos) was a conversation between two or more people. Expressions are short, often they are fragmentary replicas. We showed the psychological features of dialogical communication.
 Dialogue as a product of coordinated verbal speech activity of two (three or more) interlocutors, is a coherent text that has all the main characteristics of the unambiguous unity. The parameters of the oral dialogue can be included: referring to one or another sphere of oral communication; the nature of the subject (one topic, a system of themes, several different themes); a number of creators of the text (dialogue, trilogy, poly-dialogue); functional style of speech (spoken, officially or business, etc.); degree of readiness of the subjects of speech act (presence of work-pieces, thoughts and facts, degree of mastering the topic); linguistic characteristics (normative language, composition of the dictionary, intonational design); situationality (the degree of support of speaking on infant communication channels in the process of their speech contact and the reflection of this particular communication in the text); depth and detail of the communicative development of the topic (or topics) that are discussed during the speech contact.
 In the article we proposed the psychological features of facilitative interaction. The following psychological aspects influence the content and the nature of facilitative interaction: 1) the process of perception of the interlocutor’s speech and orientation in the situation; 2) the processes of formation of the content of the statement; 3) the processes of linguistic design of thoughts and perception (plus decoding) of replica of partner in communication.
 Observations on dialogues in real conditions show that any comprehension of the statement becomes the result of direct contact between people, creating the word “organizing”, which form a single temporary communication system.
 The initial statement is largely conditioned by the person of the interlocutor (as a component of the situation of communication), his/her attitude to the interlocutor, the competence in solving the problems discussed, the language partnership of the partners, the nature of their acquaintance. The personality of the interlocutor affects the initiator of the dialogue, contributes to its modeling in the psycho-physiological sense, tune in to a certain emotional system, which gives rise to the “launch” of the content-intentional level. Beginning the dialogue, the first participant (S.1) evaluates the communicative possibilities of the partner, is guided in the environment and on this basis creates his speech generating program, activates his speech intentions and the topic. The second interlocutor (S.2), who perceived the speech, had analyzed it and replies in response, taking into account the personality of the initiator of the dialogue and the environment, his own intentions and motives.

Cтереотипи української етносвідомості у візуальному секторі поетики (на матеріалі текстів балад Тараса Шевченка)

Abstract. In the context of clarifying the patterns of construction and perception of text units of wide application, a comprehensive analysis has been made that provides comprehension of the deepest structures of poetic language. The thesis that « the text does not exist outside of its creation and perception» that « the literary work is realized in the mind, in the perception of the reader», give an understanding of the text structure as a dynamic data, each element of which takes on different sections of social, scientific and cultural development. more or less actualization. Ethnic stereotypes, in particular, perceptual ethnostereotypes, which provide new data on the peculiarities of the world's categorization of the creative person, its outlook, as well as socio-cultural, mental, verbal dominant ethnic groups, to which the word artist belongs, play a role in this process. At the same time, ethnostereotypes are the result of systematization of phenomena in consciousness, and reliable information about them can only be obtained if the study of the extremely complete system of linguistic facts that reflect the peculiarities of the personality worldview, which is possible only if the poetic speech of the classics is studied. Taras Shevchenko, whose individual creative way distinguishes his language among other speakers, reflects the individual worldview through specific linguistic means or original author's use of them, by his unique way of knowing the world. At the time of study of the objectification of the zone of the visual sector, the perception of the contents - the color space of the artist - and their verbalization in the stereotypes of the Ukrainian ethno-consciousness. In linguistics, the lexical-semantic field of sensory perception forms a peculiar subsystem of lexical units that help to reproduce and verbally transfer feelings and feelings from the perceived environment, reality and the world as a whole. However, the sensor is one of the main means of representing the author's linguistic picture of the world. The highest frequency of use of sensorizm is in the structure of poetry, since the beauty of poetry is revealed in a high concentration of sensory images. Due to the versatility of the conceptual sphere of sensory perception, the sensory component in the context of a poem work serves as the semantic denominator to which language pictures of the world can be reduced. The lexico-semantic field of color in the poetry of Taras Shevchenko is limited to the traditional palette of color attributes (the study of the visual sector of the sensory-somatic map of the poetic language of the Shevchenko's ballads makes it possible to distinguish the dominant field of coloring white and black), the choice of which is based on the linguistic and poetic conception of perception of the world by the author and the traditional interpretation. symbols of the corresponding color names represented by the semiospheres of Ukrainian mythology and folklore. Shevchenko appeals to objects that are connected with visual impressions, which are firmly entrenched in these subjects and have acquired a symbolic generalization or figurative meaning on the basis of creating a complex image, based on visual associations. In the poetry of Taras Shevchenko, a number of speech intentions are implemented, among which distinguish cognitive-mental intentions related to the deep-seated structures of consciousness, the mental representation of the world and human intellect, the linguistic personality of the author, and those material manifestations that reflect the individual-author's picture. the world. Thus, the verbalizers of the color names, which function in the texts of Taras Shevchenko's ballad, objectivize the poet's meaningful information for the reader, while producing the perception of the reaction of the poet programmed.

How seriously is it with the today's "serious music"?

Relevance of the study. Discussion, classification and evaluation of the new in music are still firmly anchored in a centrally work-oriented, historically reflected approach to music. The new «material» qualities brought to bear in the work and are appreciated, on the one hand, and the applied compositional techniques are acknowledged in their distinctiveness and novelty, on the other hand. In fact, such a view stems mainly from the 19th century, and an aesthetic orientation aimed at «autonomy». Although it has repeatedly been questioned, although it has often proved to be unsuitable for dealing with music not oriented to work, it has been maintained and maintained as a “material aesthetic” until the recent past.
 Main objective of the study. The discussion of the material-aesthetic orientation here, once from a producer (composer), then music-philosophical (Т. Adorno) and recipient (listener) perspective, attempts to point out an alternative by placing the question of «meaning» at the center of attention. The scientific novelty and main findings It not only implements the relationship between means and purpose, but also reverts the intentions of speech realized in music to its own right, but also shifts the compositional use of funds under the «progress aspect» to the level of statement-understandable appropriateness.
 The research methodology. The essay proceeds with music-historical, aesthetic, sociological and discourse-analytic arguments in the core of a still ongoing musicological discourse, taking into account therefor relevant literature.

Organizational structure of British parliamentary discourse: pragmalinguistic aspect

The article investigates the peculiarities of utterance construction in British Parliamentary Discourse from the positions of pragmalinguistics. For the basis of the research, the authors take the classification of speech acts by J. Austin and J. Searle combined with the model for spoken discourse analysis by J. Sinclair and M. Coulthard and apply it for the description of the constituent components of speech moves (Pre-Head, Head, and Post-Head) in speech activity of the main participants of British Parliamentary Debates. The authors define pragmatic intentions of the speakers and describe the models of Speech Moves progressions in terms of Pre-Head, Head, and Post-Head ties, which provides the insight into the way the speakers build the utterances in order to realize their speech intentions. Article received 31.08.2018

Intention and commitment in speech acts

Intention and commitment in speech acts

Conceptual metaphor in Argentinian political discourse (based on the speech of the Argentinean President (2007–2015) C.Fernández de Kirchner during the 69th session of the UN General Assembly)

The article reviews the history of discourse analysis development. The definitions of the terms discourse, political discourse and metaphor are given. The main contemporary European and Russian linguistic approaches to metaphor study are analyzed. The article also presents the analysis of the conceptual metaphor types (orientational, ontological, structural) in the political discourse, as well as its functions according to the cognitive approach. The metaphor nominating different socio-political actions and phenomena on the basis of the cognitive world picture is an integral part of the modern political discourse and contains vast imaginative and notional potential, the skillful usage of which helps the orator to carry out their speech intentions. The speech given by the Argentinean President (2007–2015) K. Fernández de Kirchner during the 69th session of the UN General Assembly has become the material for the study.

ВІЗУАЛІЗАЦІЯ ЯК НЕВІДДІЛЬНИЙ АСПЕКТ НАВЧАННЯ СТУДЕНТІВ НЕМОВНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

In the context of education globalization, the importance of a foreign language communicative competence for a specialist and potential employee is indisputable. For effective work in the future, the current student should master the skills of analyzing, working out and creation of visual content, hence one of the preconditions for a specialist’s success (first of all, in technical specialty) is the ability to quickly process and present large information volumes in the most accessible and compressed form. The fundamentals of productive skills mentioned above are the skills of visualized content analysis and representing in different formats trained in university courses, especially in a foreign language course. This article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of modern visualization means and their potential in the educational process of the foreign language students of non-linguistic specialties of the bachelor program. The reasons for motivation increase necessity in class activities are presented; the importance of training students for self-directed production of independent analytical message in their future professional activity is emphasized. The advantages of working out visualized foreign data over the data in text format based on a student survey were determined. The students’ perception of the visualized content which is integrated into English textbooks and typical of the world’s leading educational publishing houses, in the view of necessity, self-descriptiveness and aesthetics was analyzed. In the article, a strategy for linguistic aspect training for graphic information processing by students and for creation of their own oral or written discourse in accordance with the certain learning objectives or speech intentions is drawn up. The preconditions for successful visualization tools’ integration into class activities under the teacher guidance are presented.

Mutual Understanding Between Partners in Discourse

The current paper shows the results of the study on the intentional structure of everyday common communication, psychological consulting practice, scientific discussions and both interactive radio and TV programs. The main method of the study is Intent-analysis. It is based on the expert estimation that focuses on defining speech intentions related to the interlocutors’ orientations to their partners, current interaction and effects of their speech. The typical elements of an intentional structure of a dialogue and its modifications in the certain communicative context are represented. An intentional structure of a dialogue includes interlocutors’ intentions orientated to themselves, to their partners and environmental reality. Intentional content and frequency of mentioned elements depend on the type of a dialogue. Defined moderation of intentional variables during the dialogue could be considered as verification of the fact that understanding of intentional subtext of an utterance is an important precondition for conversational interactions. We characterized the variables that effect on the comprehension of intentions and cause communication fails. The significant factors of understanding between partners is the way how they realize speech intentions and what are the conditions of exposure to the verbal content. The orientation either to the partner or to the current situation is depend mostly on the intentional state of speaker’s mind. The results of the study prove the statement that both realization and comprehension of speech intentions are vital for mutual understanding, coordination of interactions and achieving the goals of communication.

Process models of interrelated speech intentions from online health-related conversations.

Being related to the adoption of new beliefs, attitudes and, ultimately, behaviors, analyzing online communication is of utmost importance for medicine. Multiple health care, academic communities, such as information seeking and dissemination and persuasive technologies, acknowledge this need. However, in order to obtain understanding, a relevant way to model online communication for the study of behavior is required. In this paper, we propose an automatic method to reveal process models of interrelated speech intentions from conversations. Specifically, a domain-independent taxonomy of speech intentions is adopted, an annotated corpus of Reddit conversations is released, supervised classifiers for speech intention prediction from utterances are trained and assessed using 10-fold cross validation (multi-class, one-versus-all and multi-label setups) and an approach to transform conversations into well-defined, representative logs of verbal behavior, needed by process mining techniques, is designed. The experimental results show that: (1) the automatic classification of intentions is feasible (with Kappa scores varying between 0.52 and 1); (2) predicting pairs of intentions, also known as adjacency pairs, or including more utterances from even other heterogeneous corpora can improve the predictions of some classes; and (3) the classifiers in the current state are robust to be used on other corpora, although the results are poorer and suggest that the input corpus may not sufficiently capture varied ways of expressing certain speech intentions. The extracted process models of interrelated speech intentions open new views on grasping the formation of beliefs and behavioral intentions in and from speech, but in-depth evaluation of these conversational models is further required.

ДИАЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ РЕПЛИКИ СО СТРУКТУРОЙ АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНОГО ВОПРОСА В НЕФОРМАЛЬНОМ ИНТЕРВЬЮ

By the material of informal interview, the article illustrates how a subject of speech, basing on the grammatical structure of an alternative question, realizes feedback with positive pragmatic potential, and the addressee, taking into account the contextual factor, interprets the current speech intentions of the interlocutor precisely as the desire to prevent a potentially maturing conflict. For the purpose stated in the paper, a hundred fragments of informal interviews have been collected using the method of continuous sampling, illustrating the focus of the speaking subject (in the overwhelming majority of cases - the interviewer) on constructive communication with the respondent, whose answer projects potentially the conflict in casual conversation. Feedback is manifested by the alternative disjunctive construction in seven cases out of a hundred.

SPECIFIC NATURE OF EVALUATIVE SPEECH ACTS

The article discusses the issues connected with the analysis of appearance of the evaluation in the utterance. Particular attention is paid to the illocutionary and perlocutionary effect of evaluative speech acts. The speech act is viewed in the paper as the minimum unit of communication. The structure of the speech act includes four levels: locution, proposition, illocution and perlocution. In the evaluative speech acts semantic basis serves as the category of evaluation. Considering semantic and pragmatic properties of the object of our study, the author proposes to distinguish the following types of evaluative speech acts: 1) focus on the subject; 2) focus on the object. Among evaluative speech acts, oriented on the object, the author singles out proper evaluative speech acts (praise, condemnation) and emotional evaluation speech acts (admiration, anger, respect). This approach is based on the fact that evaluative verbs are direct representatives of illocutionary intention of evaluative speech acts. The author comes to the conclusion that the classification of evaluative speech acts can rely on semantic and pragmatic features of evaluative verbs.

Language Aspects in Hypnosis Dental Therapy: Pragmatic and Stylistic Studies

The research titled “Language Aspects in Hypnosis Dental Therapy: Pragmatic and Stylistic Studies” focuses on several language aspects used in the practice of hypnosis dental therapy. With using qualitative method and descriptive data presentation, this research uses the theories of Pragmatics, Stylistics, and Conversation Analysis aiming at (1) describing varieties and types of speech act along with (2) figure of speech used in the therapy when performing the hypnosis dental treatment. The data were collected from the conversations between the therapist and her patients in the situation context of medical examination. The result of the research shows that in the hypnosis dental practice there are several steps namely Pre-Induction, Induction, Deepening, Suggestion, Termination, and Post-Hypnotic marked by systematic language aspects based on the speech act and figure of speech. (1) The forms and types of speech act found in the hypnosis dental therapy are illocutionary act (speech intention) direct-commanding (directive), direct-stating (assertive), and indirect-stating (assertive). Furthermore, perlocutionary act (speech response) may be realized in verbal and nonverbal. (2) figure of speech used in the hypnosis dental therapy are climax, parallelism, antithesis, and repetition. All language strategies used intend to give suggestion in order for the patients to feel less painful and calm during the medical treatment.

CONTEMPORARY VIEWS ON THE TERM ‘DISCOURSE’ IN PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES

Various branches of science that study homo loquens, а talking man, have made an important contribution to the development of the term ‘discourse’. It is obvious that most definitions have much in common. Firstly, discourse is realized in speech; secondly, it is formed in a wide communicative context as a result of interpersonal communication and interactions between people and society; and finally, discourse has significant impact on social and personal representations and can establish group norms. The paper discusses different approaches to discourse studies, including speech act theory, conversational analysis, discourse analysis, social and cognitive psychology. Special attention is paid to Intent-analysis which considers the basis of discourse as a hierarchy of its speech intentions and their different psychological determinants. These include interpersonal relationships, personality traits, social statuses, roles and the problems speakers solve in the communication process. Several terms related to discourse are given: discoursive practice, discoursive thinking, discoursive abilities etc. The urgent issues of discourse research such as the typology of discourses, the psychological impact and interpersonal interaction mechanisms connected to the various fields of the current reality are presented.

The expressive potential in a dramatic text: Brecht's A Respectable Wedding

The article discusses the linguistic shaping of a dramatic text and its influence on the text’s stage speech realisation, using the Slovenian translation of Brecht’s one-act play Malomeščanska svatba as an example. A dramatic text typically has a specific – and also graphically visible – textual and linguistic structure that indicates its speech intention. A linguistic analysis of Brecht’s text reveals a great speech potential, both in the stage directions (especially the stage directions for pauses, silence, spoken execution) and in the dialogue (characteristic linguistic elements for spontaneous speech). A short comparison of the text with the stage speech performance shows that the actor used not only prosody (especially pauses) to semantically enrich and rhythmically organise the written language, but also linguistic interventions into the lexical and syntactic structure (repetition, addition, omission, etc.). The great speech potential of the text thus stimulated the actor’s speech and interpretive creativity.

Speech Intention Classification with Multimodal Deep Learning.

We present a novel multimodal deep learning structure that automatically extracts features from textual-acoustic data for sentence-level speech classification. Textual and acoustic features were first extracted using two independent convolutional neural network structures, then combined into a joint representation, and finally fed into a decision softmax layer. We tested the proposed model in an actual medical setting, using speech recording and its transcribed log. Our model achieved 83.10% average accuracy in detecting 6 different intentions. We also found that our model using automatically extracted features for intention classification outperformed existing models that use manufactured features.

SECURITY AS ONE OF THE MAIN ETHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TARGETS OF THE SPEECH MANIPULATION AND MEANS OF ITS SPEECH ACTUALISATION IN THE POLITICAL DISCOURSE

Основная цель нашего исследования состоит в изучении этофизиологических мишеней речевой манипуляции и средств ее речевой реализации на примере политического дискурса. В данной статье рассматривается такая этофизиологическая мишень манипуляции, как «безопасность». Объектом исследования являются предвыборные агитационные речи кандидатов на пост главы США Д. Трампа и Х. Клинтон. Особенности реализации этофизиологических мишеней на эторецептивном уровне составляют предмет данного исследования. Для достижения основной цели исследования послужили следующие методы: метод структурного моделирования для интерпретации речевого намерения, интерпретативный метод, метод интроспекции и понятийного анализа. Результаты исследования вносят определенный вклад в развитие теории манипулятивного речевого поведения в политическом дискурсе и в предвыборном агитационном дискурсе как его разновидности. Практическая значимость исследования предполагает возможность использования его результатов в вузовских лекционных курсах по общему языкознанию, теории грамматики и стилистики, теории дискурса, а также при руководстве дипломными и курсовыми работами.

Значение знания коммуникативной ситуации в переводческой деятельности

An interpreter should be aware of the communicative situation in order to give an adequate interpretation. On the one hand, an interpreter is not responsible for the content of the information to be translated. But on the other hand, he / she is responsible for the accuracy of interpretation. In such a mediative role the knowledge of the communicative situation is of great importance.The article considers the communicative situation as an object of the real intercourse on the basis of the interpretation of reports, speeches, discussions and other conversations, in which the participants of communication are the receivers of information.The knowledge of the situation helps the interpreter understand the speech intentions of the interlocutor and forsee possible utterances. The communicative situation predetermines the real situation which makes it possible for an interpreter to give an adequate translation.

ЛЕКСИЧНИЙ ПОВТОР У ВЕРБАЛІЗАЦІЇ ІНТЕНЦІЙ КОМУНІКАНТІВ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ СУЧАСНОЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МАЛОЇ ПРОЗИ)

The article highlights approaches of scientists regarding the interpretation of the concepts of and illocution. It was analysed classification of speech intentions that are available in modern linguistics and it was also discovered the role of lexeme repetition in implementing the intentions of the characters in communicative acts. It is worked out in the article the varied approaches of the interpretation of the concept '' communicative intention'' in the article, it is analysed the lexical repetition as a tool of the expression of intention in the inner textual plane, on the communicative stage character-character, it is also defined the role of the repetition of lexemes in the strategically-tactical characters` blocks of modern Ukrainian small prose, explains the main determinant in the process of communicative failure, investigates specialties of repetition and their role by correction of communicative failure.In the article it is established the role of the repeated nominations in the development and implementation of strategic-tactical narrative of character, it is also outlined here views of the linguists about the interpretation of concepts “lexical repetition”, “communicative strategy”, “communicative tactics”.

Communicative intentions of child-directed speech in three different learning environments: Observations from the Netherlands, and rural and urban Mozambique

This article compares the communicative intentions observed in the speech addressed to children of 1;1 and 1;6 years old from three cultural communities: the Netherlands, rural Mozambique, and urban Mozambique. These communities represent two prototypical learning environments and a third hybrid: Western, urban, middle-class families; non-Western, rural, subsistence-farming families; and non-Western, urban learning environment. The results show that the Dutch CDS contains relatively more utterances with a cognitive intention than the Mozambican CDS. In Mozambique, CDS contains more imperatives, particularly in the rural environment. The CDS from urban Mozambique contains more socioemotional intentions. The findings suggest that these differences can be explained in terms of the different responsibilities and levels of autonomy expected from children of the three learning environments.

How do you know that you settled a question?

It is commonly assumed in the philosophical literature that in order to acquire an intention, the agent has to settle a question of what to do in practical deliberation. Carruthers, P. (2007, “The Illusion of Conscious Will.” Synthese 159: 197–213) has recently used this to argue that the acquisition of intentions can never be conscious even in cases where the agent asserts having the intention in inner speech. Because of that Carruthers also believes that knowledge of intentions even in first person cases is observational. This paper explores the challenge Carruthers’ argument throws up for accounts that also rely on the notion of settling a question for intention acquisition, but who also want to maintain at the same time that knowledge of intentions in the first person case is not observational.