Speech Impaired Children Research Articles

COMMUNICATION AND SELF-CONCEPT OF CHILDREN WITH DEAF AND SPEECH IMPAIRED

Introduction: The communication and interaction is the essence of every human as a social being. But, normal communications is not realyzed by the deaf speaking children. Deaf and speech impaired children affect self-concepts that affect communication. Where it will caused them to become inferior or have less confident. The confidence is begins through the formation of self-concept which formed from the experiences in their social interactions. This study aims to find the description of the communication and self-concept of the deaf and speech impaired children in SLB Darma Wanita Sumenep. Methods: This study used qualitative as a research methode with phenomenology approach. Respondents in this study are students of SLB Darma Wanita Sumenep who deaf and speech impaired start on birth. The sampling technique is used purposive sampling counted 10 respondents. The data collected by observation and in-depth interviews of respondents. The data were analyze with triagulation of the interview , key person, and observation. Results: Based on the results of this study, known that between the deaf speaking children and the normal people have problems in terms of understanding the symbols and sentences that there not regularly, so they often occur discommunication. The self-concept of deaf speaking children is tend to be shy with the opposite gender, less open with new people, but they have a high spirits for they futures. They need encouragement to socialize with new people and other normal people. It can make their self-concept and self-confidence can be better. Conclusion: The communication deaf and speech impaired children experience obstacles in sending or receiving messages due to interference in understanding the symbols and writing that are given.

Oral health inequalities between differently abled and healthy school children in Bengaluru-A cross-sectional study.

To assess oral health inequalities between differently-abled and healthy school children. The study was conducted on a sample of 300 differently-abled and 300 healthy school children in Bengaluru. A calibrated investigator recorded oral health status according to World Health Organization (WHO) proforma 2013. Chi-square/Fisher exact test, Mann-Whitney U test, and multiple logistic regression were applied. A p-value<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Mean DMFT in the study group and the control group was 1.32 ± 1.36 and 1.25 ± 1.21 respectively. In the study group, 52.7% had gingival bleeding compared to 41.0% in the control group. Within the study group, children who belonged to the lower middle class (aOR=2.02) were more likely to have caries experience whereas visually impaired children (aOR=0.32), speech and hearing impaired children (OR=0.10), children suffering from polio (aOR=0.80), and those with caries-free in deciduous dentition (aOR=0.42) were less likely to have caries experience in permanent teeth (p<0.05). Oral health inequalities exist for differently-abled children. Hence, improvement of their oral health status and priority care are needed.

Comparison of oral health status among normal and disabled children of Karachi, Pakistan.

Objectives: To compare the oral hygiene status of normal children with hearing and speech impaired and Down syndrome children. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Special needs children school, Deaf Reach School &amp; a public school of Karachi, Pakistan. Period: 6 months from October 2017 to April 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 210 children of age 7-15 years of either gender were enrolled in the study; 70 hearing &amp; speech impaired children, 70 Down syndrome children and 70 normal children were randomly selected for comparison. After taking informed consent the subjects were examined for dental status. Oral hygiene status was assessed by using oral hygiene index‑simplified (OHI-S). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: Out of 70 hearing and speech impaired children, majority had fair hygiene status (41.4%), 38.6% had good hygiene status and only 20% had poor hygiene status. Out of 70 Down syndrome children, majority had good hygiene status (45.7%), 28.6% had fair hygiene status and only 25.7% had poor hygiene status. Out of 70 normal children, majority had good hygiene status (68.6%), 20% had fair hygiene status and only 11.4% had poor hygiene status. Conclusion: The high proportion of poor oral health was observed among children with hearing and speech impairment and Down syndrome as compared to normal children. Hence, there is a high need for an epidemiological survey followed by the comprehensive dental care programs for disabled children as well as efforts should be made to spread the awareness and importance of oral health among these children and their family because everyone deserves the opportunity of good oral health and hygiene.”

THE INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING OF HEARING AND SPEECH-IMPAIRED CHILDREN

This study aimed to find out the interpretation of the religious understanding of hearing and speech-impaired children whether it is in accordance with thinking theory in religious psychology according to Piaget, Salkind, Hurlock and Zakiah Daradjat. This qualitative research used interviews to obtain the interpretation of children's religious understanding. The eight aspects that are explored are religion, God, prayer, merit and sin, angels and demons, heaven and hell, death and doomsday. The results of this study indicated that 7 and 8 year old children with hearing impairments interpreted the eight aspects of the religion with religious symbols, and with something that is made real to them. This is in accordance with the theories of Piaget, Salkind, Hurlock, and Zakiah Daradjat; Children who are totally deaf could interpret religion, hell and death in more detail than children who still have very good hearing. From this study, it was also obtained the factors that influence and the constraints, namely age and its hearing impairement, were the reason for parents and teachers not to provide in-depth and precise information about religion due to limitations in communication. Therefore, the researcher provide advice in the form of a good two-way communication approach between parents and children and visual media become one of the good and appropriate communication media to help communicate with hearing and speech-impaired children.

Comparative analysis of results of the pedagogical experiment on creative imagination development in speech impaired preschool children

The relevance of the research is due to the fact that one of the most important mental processes in preschool children is creative imagination. Thanks to creative imagination, the child can find new ways to solve arising problems. The article reflects results of the ascertaining and control experiments and presents statistical data.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infestation Among Hearing and Speech Impaired Children of Banke, Nepal

Introduction: The parasites can cause different gastrointestinal disorders which have great impact on life quality. Hearing and speech impaired children are unable to maintain proper sanitation, making them more prone to intestinal parasitic infection.&#x0D; Aim and Objective: To know the prevalence of various parasitic infestations among hearing and speech impaired Children.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: Stool specimen were collected from 104 hearing and speech impaired children who were living in private rehabilitation school of chisapani village of Banke district Nepal for a period of 5 month from December 2017 to April 2018 and direct wet mount was prepared using normal saline (0.9%) and Lugol's iodine (0.5%). The wet mount was observed under microscope for parasites.&#x0D; Results: Among 104 individuals intestinal parasites were seen in 25.96 % of students. Giardia lamblia (37.04%) was the most common parasite followed by Ascaris lumbricoides (18.52%) and Entamoeba histolytica (14.82%).&#x0D; Conclusion: The study shows that although the speech and hearing impaired children are more prone to parasitic infection, the prevalence is same as normal people. Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides and Entamoeba histolytica were the common parasites. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of infected children should be undertaken.

Assessment of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need Among Hearing and Speech Impaired Children

Aim: Children with special needs are prone to poor oral health due to their potential sensory, motor and intellectual disturbances. The purpose of this study was to evaluate type and severity of malocclusion and assess orthodontic treatment need in hearing and speech impaired children. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven hearing and speech impaired children aged 7-14 years studying in special schools in Bhilai and Durg were included in this study. The Dental Health Component (DHC) and Aesthetic Component (AC) of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) were recorded by one examiner. Data were analysed using student's t-test and chi-square test at a level of significance of .05. Results: According to AC, 61.2% children had no/little need, 35.8% had moderate need and 3% had great need of orthodontic treatment. According to DHC, 35.8% children had no/little treatment need, 43.3% had moderate need and 20.9% had great treatment need. Chi-square test showed a highly significant gender difference (P&lt;.001), according to gender based DHC grade. Also, a highly significant difference between patient's perception and orthodontist's opinion for both AC and DHC (P&lt;.001). Conclusion: The patient's perception and orthodontist's opinion differed for assessment of malocclusion of hearing and speech impaired children. There was a moderate need of orthodontic treatment in these children of Bhilai and Durg.

Dental caries experience and oral hygiene status among hearing and speech impaired children of Karad city, Maharashtra, India

Introduction: Disability has often been described as a physiological deficit. Children with hearing impairment constitute one of the major population groups of physically challenged children. In India, the people are suffering from one or the other kind of disability which is equivalent to 2.1% of the country's population. Aims and Objectives: This study aims to assess the caries experience and oral hygiene status among the hearing and speech impaired children's. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 100 participants aged 5–18 years attending a school for the sensory impaired children of Karad city, India. The participants were examined using Type III clinical examination. Oral hygiene status by oral hygiene index-simplified (OHI-S), Plaque index status and decayed, missing, and filled teeth/surface (DMFT/S) index were assessed. ANOVA, Chi-square test were used and P

Role of Intelligence Quotient (IQ) on anxiety and behavior in children with hearing and speech impairment.

To assess and compare the role of IQ on anxiety and behavior of children with and without hearing and speech impairment. A total of 120 children of age group 7-14 years were included in the study, of which control group comprised of 60 normal healthy children and 60 hearing and speech impaired children formed the study group. The study was done in two consecutive sessions. First appointment for Culture Fair Intelligence Test and second appointment for RMS pictorial anxiety score (RMS-PS) and Frankl behavior rating which were assessed during oral prophylaxis. IQ of children with hearing and speech impairment was lower as compared to normal healthy children. There was a positive correlation between IQ and anxiety in children with hearing and speech impairment while no correlation was found with behavior. Children with hearing and speech impairment are less anxious and more cooperative compared to normal healthy child in the dental setting and are, therefore, easier to manage.

Speech pronunciation practice system for speech-impaired children: a systematic review of impacts and functionality

There are many systems in the field of speech therapy, and each offers different features. Identifying the effects of these systems on speech learning of children and proper features for selection of an effective speech pronunciation practice (SPP) system for children is an important issue for speech therapists. Therefore, analysing the impacts and functionality of the current SPP systems can help software developers find the essential features for designing an effective SPP system and also assist the therapists to select an appropriate system for children. To address the above issues, a literature review was conducted to find the desired features and characteristics for designing an effective SPP system for children and identify the shortcomings of the current speech pronunciation practice systems. To conduct this systematic review, the researchers followed a defined procedure designed by Kitchenham (Procedures for performing systematic reviews, Keele University, Keele, 2004). From 229 initial papers found in five research databases, 11 relevant papers were extracted based on the inclusion criteria. The SPP systems were summarised in terms of these factors: (a) purpose(s) and experimental type; (b) experimental results; (c) main features; (d) different types of each feature; (e) platform; (f) user interface characteristics; and (g) practising method. The results indicated that: (a) experimental results of all systems were positive, and patients and therapists were satisfied with SPP systems; (b) user profiles, feedback, reports, user interface and practising method are five elements of SPP systems which can have direct effect on system effectiveness; and (c) appropriate reporting systems and user interfaces are ignored in most SPP systems. We conclude that an appropriate SPP system can increase children’s enthusiasm to participate in therapy sessions and improves their concentration and performance during the sessions. Furthermore, we present the most-used type of each main element of SPP systems and indicate the potential positive features based on the shortcomings of the current systems.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Before and After Dental Health Education among Hearing and Speech Impaired Children

Objective: To evaluate the level of dental health awareness, existing status of dental hygiene and extent of compliance to basic dental health education in hearing and speech impaired children. Setting: Govt. higher secondary school of special education for hearing impaired, Faisalabad, where around 300 hearing and speech impaired students from play-group to intermediate are under educational program. Age group: 7-11 years. Sample Size: Total 90 children had mixed dentition stage and were selected because this group is most vulnerable to poor dental health. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Duration: April-May 2015. Sampling technique: Non-Probability convenient sampling. Methodology: Under the supervision of their parents and teachers, using their sign language to communicate, the children were assessed for their knowledge about dental health through a pretested and close ended questionnaire and their prevailing oral hygiene status especially their gingival health was examined visually. Any sign of gingival inflammation with glazing, redness, edema and/or hypertrophy was marked as gingivitis. Followed by a session of basic dental health education, which was delivered to these differently-abled (deaf) children through specially designed presentations with maximum picture and video messages, which were easy for them to understand. After 45 days, re-examination was done to find out the percentage improvement in their gingival health. Results: Of the total 90 children, 66 of them had never visited a dentist for a routine dental check-up. Yet 47 of them had a good knowledge that dental brushing prevented tooth decay, but only 25 children knew that sweets causes dental decay and only 18 were aware that fizzy drinks adversely affects the teeth. On oral examination, 61.11% of these children were found to have compromised gingival health status; gingivitis. When after they were given basic dental health education and examined again on 45th day, number of children having gingivitis dropped to only 28.88%, indicating that 32.22% of these hearing and speech impaired children having poor gingival health previously, showed up improvements. Conclusion: Comprehensive oral health awareness education to these children can largely bring a change in their knowledge, attitudes and practices in maintaining dental health.

The Effect Of Changes In Speech Features On The Recognition Accuracy Of ASR System: A Study On The Malay Speech Impaired Children

Speech impairments refers to disability that causes the human speech production to deviate from the norm. Although there have been several researches undertaken to identify the differences between non-impaired and impaired speech, little is known about their effects on the speech intelligibility and the performance of ASR systems in recognizing impaired speech of children. This study investigates the speech features of impaired speech in relation to intelligibility deficits and degradation in ASR performance; which includes, formant frequencies, intensity, fundamental frequency (F0) and perturbation features such as jitter and shimmer. As there is no existing speech database for performing the evaluation, we have developed a speech database of speech impaired children and have analysed the impaired speech features. We have identified significant differences in the selected features. We also have identified the relationship between the ASR system’s Word Error Rate (WER) of impaired speeches with the speech features. The results show that there are significant differences in F0, jitter and shimmer across the Control Group (CG) and the Speech Impaired Group (SIG). This paper explains the differences between impaired speeches and non-impaired speeches that can be used in developing automated speech recognition system. We have observed that F0 affects the ASR performance and was found to be a significant predictor that influences the accuracy of vowel phonemes /e/ and /u/.

THE INTERPRETATION OF RELIGIOUS UNDERSTANDING OF HEARING AND SPEECH-IMPAIRED CHILDREN

This study aimed to find out the interpretation of the religious understanding of hearing and speech-impaired children whether it is in accordance with thinking theory in religious psychology according to Piaget, Salkind, Hurlock and Zakiah Daradjat. This qualitative research used interviews to obtain the interpretation of children's religious understanding. The eight aspects that are explored are religion, God, prayer, merit and sin, angels and demons, heaven and hell, death and doomsday. The results of this study indicated that 7 and 8 year old children with hearing impairments interpreted the eight aspects of the religion with religious symbols, and with something that is made real to them. This is in accordance with the theories of Piaget, Salkind, Hurlock, and Zakiah Daradjat; Children who are totally deaf could interpret religion, hell and death in more detail than children who still have very good hearing. From this study, it was also obtained the factors that influence and the constraints, namely age and its hearing impairement, were the reason for parents and teachers not to provide in-depth and precise information about religion due to limitations in communication. Therefore, the researcher provide advice in the form of a good two-way communication approach between parents and children and visual media become one of the good and appropriate communication media to help communicate with hearing and speech-impaired children.

A speech pronunciation practice system for speech-impaired children: A study to measure its success

BackgroundThe speech pronunciation practice (SPP) system enables children with speech impairments to practise and improve their speech pronunciation. However, little is known about the surrogate measures of the SPP system. AimsThis research aims to measure the success and effectiveness of the SPP system using three surrogate measures: usage (frequency of use), performance (recognition accuracy) and satisfaction (children’s subjective reactions), and how these measures are aligned with the success of the SPP system, as well as to each other. Methods and proceduresWe have measured the absolute change in the word error rate (WER) between the pre- and post-training, using the ANOVA test. Correlation co-efficiency (CC) analysis was conducted to test the relation between the surrogate measures, while a Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to investigate the causal relations between the measures. Outcomes and resultsThe CC test results indicate a positive correlation between the surrogate measures. The SEM supports all the proposed gtheses. The ANOVA results indicate that SPP is effective in reducing the WER of impaired speech. Conclusions and implicationsThe SPP system is an effective assistive tool, especially for high levels of severity. We found that performance is a mediator of the relation between “usage” and “satisfaction”.

Dentition Status, Periodontal Status, Dentofacial Anomalies and Treatment Needs Among Differently Abled Children in Chennai

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Oral health is an important aspect of health for all children, and is more important for children with special health needs. AIM The study was done to assess the dentition status, periodontal status, dentofacial anomalies and treatment needs of differently abled children attending special schools in Chennai. MATERIALS AND METHOD A cross sectional study was conducted among 6 - 18 year old hearing and speech impaired children and visually impaired children in Chennai. A cluster sampling methodology was followed for the selection of study subjects. The final sample size for the study was 624 hearing and speech impaired children and 506 visually impaired children. The data was collected using WHO Assessment Form (WHO 1997) modified. Statistical analysis was done using Pearson chi-square test and Student t test. RESULTS Overall mean dmft/DMFT among differently abled children was (0.58+1.46)/ (0.50+0.93). Dental caries experience was more among hearing and speech impaired children with mean dmft/DMFT being (0.67+1.44) / (0.52+0.95) and it was statistically significant(P&lt;0.05) with visually impaired children in case of dmft. Overall mean DAI was (22.3+5.4)) and malocclusion was predominant among visually impaired children compared to hearing and speech impaired children and it was statistically significant (P&lt;0.001) The periodontal conditions were poorer among visually impaired children with most of them having calculus and it was statistically significant (P&lt;0.05) compared to hearing and speech impaired children. Traumatic injuries were seen more among visually impaired children compared to hearing and speech impaired children and it was statistically very highly significant (P&lt;0.001). Hearing and speech impaired children needed more treatment than the visually impaired children with majority of them needing restorations. CONCLUSION It can be concluded from the study that even though the oral health status and treatment needs of differently abled children is not alarming, a prevention based intervention program directed especially towards dental caries and periodontal health is recommended for these special groups for a better productive life in future.

Clinico-audio-radiological and operative evaluation of otitis media with effusion

Aims: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is a common cause of hearing and speech impairment in children. The correlation of the clinical, audiological, radiological, and intraoperative findings was carried out so as to make a protocol for early diagnosis and management of OME. It will help prevent the more serious sequelae of OME such as tympanosclerosis, chronic adhesive otitis media, and even chronic suppurative otitis media. Methods: 300 clinically diagnosed patients of OME were studied prospectively. Thereafter, patients underwent impedance audiometry, pure tone audiometry, and X-ray soft tissue nasopharynx for adenoids. The patients were given adequate medical treatment for 3 to 6 months, and the patients who did not respond to the treatment were subjected to adenoidectomy with ear examination under magnification and myringotomy with or without grommet insertion. Results: The mean age at presentation was 5.96 years. Only 32% patients gave a history of hearing loss. About 90% patients had mouth breathing, followed by snoring (84%). About 79% ears had abnormal tympanic membrane appearance and mobility; 65.5% had an abnormality on impedance audiometry; and 69.75% had an air condition threshold level of >20 dB. About 78% patients had either Grade III or Grade IV Adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoidectomy was done in all 300 patients with myringotomy in 472 ears. Grommets were inserted in 365 ears. There was a significant reduction in mean air conduction threshold with an improvement of 8.0 dB and 7.5 dB in right and left ears, respectively at 2 months postoperatively. At 6 th month postoperative, the average improvement from baseline dropped to 6.0 dB in right ear and 5.5 dB in the left ear. Conclusion: OME is the most frequent causes of silent hearing impairment in young children which needs a close vigil. All suspected children (on clinical and otoscopic findings) must be subjected to impedance audiometry and X-ray soft tissue nasopharynx for adenoids. After the failure of medical treatment for 3-6 months, the child should be subjected to myringotomy with adenoidectomy in the same sitting. Whenever a child is planned for tonsil or adenoid surgery, he/she must undergo evaluation for OME beforehand so that the child's hearing risk can be simultaneously taken care of in the same sitting.

Phonetic Effects of Clear Speech by Speech Clinicians on Speech-impaired Children

Phonetic Effects of Clear Speech by Speech Clinicians on Speech-impaired Children

Dentition status and treatment needs among institutionalized hearing and speech impaired children in Himachal Pradesh in India: A cross-sectional study

Background: The oral health of the disabled may be neglected because of the disability condition, demanding diseases or limited access to oral health care. It has been reported that dental treatment is the greatest unattended health need of the disabled. Aim: Present study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries and treatment needs among hearing and speech impaired children in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh. Materials and Methods: 202 institutionalised subjects aged 5-22 years attending special school were examined. Data was recorded using modified WHO survey 1997 proforma. Dentition status and treatment needs using DMFT, DMFS, dmft, dmfs were recorded. The data was analysed using the software version 15 (SPSS Inc. Chicago). ANOVA, chi-square test and multiple regressions were applied appropriately. Results: Among study subjects, largest component of DMFT was the D component, with a mean of 1.47. Highest mean DMFS was recorded for the age group 18-22 years. Missing surfaces and filled surfaces did not account for a major proportion. Mean dmft and dmfs scores were 1.04 and 1.73, respectively. Out of 202 subjects examined, 182 (90.1%) required treatment. One surface restoration was the most common treatment required followed by two surface restorations, pit and fissure sealants and pulp care. Conclusion: High prevalence of dental caries among special children is a highly alarming situation and needs immediate attention. Filled teeth are very less, which reflects the provision, and availing of dental care is almost negligible. Awareness should be created among parents and teachers by oral health educators about the importance of oral health and regular dental checkup.

Health related quality of life in parents of children with speech and hearing impairment

ObjectivesHearing impairment and specific language disorder are two entities that seriously affect language acquisition in children and reduce their communication skills. These children require specific treatment and higher levels of care than healthy children. Their language abilities also strongly influence parent–child interactions. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of the parents of hearing-impaired children and the parents of children with speech difficulties (specific language disorder). MethodsOur study subjects included 349 parents (182 mothers and 167 fathers) of preschool-aged children with receptive expressive language disorder and 131 parents (71 mothers and 60 fathers) of children with severe hearing impairment. A control group was composed of 146 parents (82 mothers and 64 fathers) of healthy children of the same age. HRQOL was assessed using the SF-36 questionnaire. ResultsFor all groups of parents, the mothers had poorer scores compared with the fathers, but large differences were apparent depending on the child's impairment. In the control group, the scores of the mothers were significantly lower than the fathers’ scores in only two (of eight) health domains. In contrast, the scores were lower in three domains for the mothers of speech-impaired children and in six domains for the mothers of hearing-impaired children, representing the greatest difference between the parents. When compared with the control group, both the mothers and fathers of speech-impaired children scored significantly worse in five health domains. Fathers of hearing-impaired children scored significantly worse than controls in three health domains. The lowest scores, indicating the poorest HRQOL, were observed for mothers of hearing-impaired children, who obtained significantly lower scores than the control mothers in all health domains except the emotional role. ConclusionsThe parents of preschool-aged speech-and hearing-impaired children experience poorer HRQOL than parents of healthy children of the same age. Mothers of hearing-impaired children are especially affected, demonstrating a negative impact in almost all health domains.

Oral motor deficits in speech-impaired children with autism

Absence of communicative speech in autism has been presumed to reflect a fundamental deficit in the use of language, but at least in a subpopulation may instead stem from motor and oral motor issues. Clinical reports of disparity between receptive vs. expressive speech/language abilities reinforce this hypothesis. Our early-intervention clinic develops skills prerequisite to learning and communication, including sitting, attending, and pointing or reference, in children below 6 years of age. In a cohort of 31 children, gross and fine motor skills and activities of daily living as well as receptive and expressive speech were assessed at intake and after 6 and 10 months of intervention. Oral motor skills were evaluated separately within the first 5 months of the child's enrolment in the intervention programme and again at 10 months of intervention. Assessment used a clinician-rated structured report, normed against samples of 360 (for motor and speech skills) and 90 (for oral motor skills) typically developing children matched for age, cultural environment and socio-economic status. In the full sample, oral and other motor skills correlated with receptive and expressive language both in terms of pre-intervention measures and in terms of learning rates during the intervention. A motor-impaired group comprising a third of the sample was discriminated by an uneven profile of skills with oral motor and expressive language deficits out of proportion to the receptive language deficit. This group learnt language more slowly, and ended intervention lagging in oral motor skills. In individuals incapable of the degree of motor sequencing and timing necessary for speech movements, receptive language may outstrip expressive speech. Our data suggest that autistic motor difficulties could range from more basic skills such as pointing to more refined skills such as articulation, and need to be assessed and addressed across this entire range in each individual.