Speech Function Research Articles

HEALTH CARE EDUCATION ON IMPORTANCE OF DENTURE THROUGH VIDEO ANIMATION IN DINOYO AND MOJOLANGU MALANG

Teeth have an important function for human life in terms of aesthetics, mastication and speech functions. Losing some teeth or even all teeth can result in a reduction or loss of these functions. A person can use dentures made by a dentist to replace missing teeth, because losing teeth in the mouth if left too long has the potential to adversely affect the condition of other teeth. The purpose of this research is to increase public understanding of the importance of making dentures so as to minimize the risk of losing teeth. The design is Quasy experimental. Samples were taken using a purposive sampling technique, which is posyandu cadres at the Dinoyo Health Center and Mojolangu Health Center. Statistical data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. The results showed that education on the importance of making dentures in the community through animated videos at the Dinoyo and Mojolangu Health Centers showed good results. There was an increase in the pre-post test scores of the extension participants. Based on the statistical test, the value of sig p=0.000 was obtained, which means that there was a significant change. It can be concluded that education about the importance of making dentures in the community for posyandu cadres delivered through animated videos shows good results and significantly increases the participants' understanding of the importance of making dentures in the community.

Remote Assessment for ALS using Multimodal Dialog Agents: Data Quality, Feasibility and Task Compliance.

We investigate the feasibility, task compliance and audiovisual data quality of a multimodal dialog-based solution for remote assessment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). 53 people with ALS and 52 healthy controls interacted with Tina, a cloud-based conversational agent, in performing speech tasks designed to probe various aspects of motor speech function while their audio and video was recorded. We rated a total of 250 recordings for audio/video quality and participant task compliance, along with the relative frequency of different issues observed. We observed excellent compliance (98%) and audio (95.2%) and visual quality rates (84.8%), resulting in an overall yield of 80.8% recordings that were both compliant and of high quality. Furthermore, recording quality and compliance were not affected by level of speech severity and did not differ significantly across end devices. These findings support the utility of dialog systems for remote monitoring of speech in ALS.

The social consequences of talking to oneself: The dialectical continuum of social and private speech

AbstractThe intrapersonal functions of private speech have been researched extensively. However, studies in interactive settings that focus on the interpersonal functions of private speech have been rare. Adopting a case‐study approach, I investigated the social consequences of private speech and how it contributes to the establishment of intersubjectivity during collaborative tasks. Data were collected through video recordings of participants collaboratively processing feedback on jointly produced texts, retrospective interviews that included stimulated recall, and collaborative writing tasks. Findings show instances of private speech acting as a tool that helps establish intersubjectivity, thus promoting joint problem solving and potentially affording interlocutors more opportunities to co‐construct knowledge. These opportunities for learning were made possible when interlocutors used the private speech of a peer as a resource to build upon when deliberating on a response to feedback. This indicates that the ability to understand the intra‐ and interpersonal functions of an interlocutors’ private speech is an important aspect of interactional competence in an additional language.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and/or vitamin D in autism spectrum disorders: a systematic review.

This systematic review aims to offer an updated understanding of the relationship between omega-3 supplementation and/or vitamin D and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The databases PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, Vip, CNKI, Wanfang, China Biomedical Database databases were searched using keywords, and relevant literature was hand-searched. Papers (n = 1,151) were systematically screened and deemed eligible since 2002. Twenty clinical controlled studies were included in the final review. The findings were analyzed for intervention effects focusing on the core symptoms of ASD, included social functioning, behavioral functioning, speech function and biomarkers changes. The review found that the effects of omega-3 supplementation on ASD were too weak to conclude that core symptoms were alleviated. Vitamin D supplementation improved core symptoms, particularly behavioral functioning, however, the results of the literatures included in this study were slightly mixed, we cannot directly conclude that vitamin D supplementation has a beneficial effect on a specific symptom of ASD, but the overall conclusion is that vitamin D supplementation has a positive effect on behavioral functioning in ASD. Omega-3 and vitamin D combination supplementation has a good combined effect on social and behavioral outcomes in patients with ASD.

Silence in English Cross-Cultural Interaction

This paper aims to investigate the use of silence during interactions in the English language, cross-culturally, to determine if it is as effective as speech. It seeks to shed light on how British, American, Irish, and Canadian interlocutors use and interpret different types of silence and the functions it fulfills. The hypothesis posits that silence is universally employed by all interlocutors in all cultures and enhances the dynamics of interaction. The data consists of conversations from fifteen video-recorded English TV interviews, adopting Saville-Troike's (1985) and Nakane's (2007) models of analysis. The study concludes that silence serves the function of speech in transmitting and receiving messages, facilitating the aim of communication. Moreover, interlocutors from different cultures within the same language employ silence universally. Verbal and nonverbal communications, including silence, are inseparable, each playing a significant role. Their combined usage enhances the power of communication. Silence serves various functions beyond mere acceptance and refusal; it also encompasses face-saving and face-threatening strategies. Regarding cross-cultural differences in using silence in English, British interlocutors recorded the highest use of silence, followed by Americans, then the Irish, and lastly the Canadians. In addition, the use of silence varies depending on the context of the situation, the conversation's topic, the personalities of the interlocutors, their age, and their level of education.

Factors associated with cognitive and communication delay in children aged 0 to 3 years using the Battelle-Developmental Inventory, 2nd edition

Background The first years of life are crucial in cognitive and communication development. Delayed functional development impedes children’s future academic and occupational performance. Therefore, early detection is important for effective resolution in order to minimize further impairment.
 Objective To evaluate cognitive and communication developmental delay in children under 3 years of age in Jakarta using the Battelle Developmental Inventory, 2nd edition (BDI-2).
 Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jakarta in 2020, including children aged under 3 years of age without chronic medical conditions that hinder cognitive and speech function. We collected subjects’ demographic characteristics, evaluated their communication and cognitive development using the BDI-2, and analyzed for risk factors of delays.
 Results Of 121 children, 34 (28.1%) had cognitive delay and 21 (17.4%) had communication delay. Bivariate analysis revealed that male gender (P=0.048) and non-exclusive breastfeeding (P=0.003) were significantly associated with communication delay, while only male gender was associated with cognitive delay (P=0.015). Multivariate analysis revealed that significant risk factors for communication delay were male gender (P=0.043) and non-exclusive breastfeeding (P=0.023).
 Conclusion Male gender and non-exclusive breastfeeding are significant risk factors for delayed communication development, and only male gender was a significant risk factor for cognitive delay. Socioeconomic status, primary caregiver, and breastfeeding duration, were not found to be risk factors for delays.

An Analysis of Multimodal Exchange Structure in English Microlecture

Based on the theory of speech function and mood, mood metaphor and multimodality in systemic functional linguistics, and analyzes 20 award-winning works in the “2022 Excellent Works Collection and Exchange Activity of Foreign Language Microlecture” of China Foreign Language Microlecture Network, aiming to explore the types of multimodal teacher-student exchange structure in English microlecture. This study shows that there are two main exchange structures in the analyzed corpus: teachers' self-questioning, teacher-student question-and-answer. The results of this study are helpful for English teachers to understand the characteristics and advantages of different exchange structures, improve students' interest in English learning, and create an efficient English microlecture classroom.

السجع في الأفعال الكلامية الإنجازية فى مسلسل كرتون محسن و محاسن لتأليف قناة يوتوب جمعية نمآء الخيرية (الدراسة براغماتية لجون رابيرت سيرلى)

This study discusses the types and functions of illocutionary speech acts in the cartoon series Muhsin wa Mahasin. The purpose of this study is to describe the types and functions of illocutionary speech acts contained in the cartoon series Muhsin wa Mahasin. The research method used in this research is qualitative with literature study. The data collection technique used in this research is the listening method, the data collection technique using reference materials and the data analysis technique using the equivalent method which is supported by the SPEAKING speech component. The results of the analysis in this study are that in assertive speech acts the researcher finds speeches stating with affirmation, expressing with anxiety and complaining to get help. In directive speech acts, the researcher finds utterances of suggesting, commanding, pleading and advising. In commissive speech acts, the researcher finds utterances in the form of promises and refusals. And in expressive speech acts the researcher found utterances in the form of thanking, apologizing, praising, worried and surprised. The function of speech acts that the researchers found is a competitive function in which there is an utterance that functions to command and ask the speech partner, in the convival function the researcher finds speech with a polite and friendly attitude, namely an utterance that functions to thank, congratulate and greet, collaborative function The researcher found utterances with the intention of working together, namely utterances which functioned to express and conflictive functions.

The realization of interpersonal meanings in cosmetic Maybelline New York in 2018 advertisements

Background: Interpersonal meaning is the interaction between the speaker and the listener and the writer and the reader. This study aims to determine the structure of mood and how the structure of mood is found. The purposes of this study are (1) to be more sensitive to the mood structure shown in Maybelline New York cosmetic advertisement. (2) to investigate the reason of why interrogative sentences are more difficult to find than declarative sentences. Through this research, we can see the types of mood structures, and how these mood structures are used. Methods: The type of research approach used is descriptive qualitative. Research in this case describes systematically, factually and accurately facts and causal relationships of the phenomena studied. The sources of data in this study are eight cosmetic Maybelline New York products, namely the Maybelline gel pencil, L’oreal colour riche nail, Maybelline mascara and eyeliner, Maybelline creamy lipmatte and Maybelline eyeshadow, Maybelline eyeliner, Maybelline lipstick, and Maybelline clear smooth all in one. Results: In analyzing the data, the researcher of the 2014 Halliday theory revised by Mathiesse found that there are three types of manifested mood, four types of realized speech function, and mood-based realization of speech function. The moods manifested were declarative (48.64%), interrogative (5.40%) and imperative (45.94%). Speech functions that are realized are statements (48.64%), questions (5.40%), offers (18.91%) and command (24.32%). Conclusions: It can be concluded that declarative sentences are mostly found in Maybelline New York products. Researchers suggest that readers be more careful in using mood structures in cosmetic advertisements so that there are no misunderstandings.

МУЗЫКОТЕРАПИЯ В НЕЙРОРЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ОСТРЫМ НАРУШЕНИЕМ МОЗГОВОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ

For the purpose of an assessment of motor, speech and autonomic functions’ recovery dynamics on a background of music therapy a total of 45 patients with the middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke were examined. The patients were randomized into three groups of 15 people. With patients of the first and the second groups on the 3rd, 5th, 7th and 9th days of the rehabilitation period the special set of exercises with music and without that respectively was fulfilled. The third group was control. Dynamics of patients’ state was estimated by NIHSS, Rivermid mobility index, the Action Research Arm Test and the modified scale for speech evaluation on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th and 10th days of disease. Since 6th day of stroke, a research of cardiorespiratory synchronization was conducted. Statistically significant efficiency of music therapy in all investigated measures was shown.

Wav2DDK: Analytical and Clinical Validation of an Automated Diadochokinetic Rate Estimation Algorithm on Remotely Collected Speech.

Oral diadochokinesis is a useful task in assessment of speech motor function in the context of neurological disease. Remote collection of speech tasks provides a convenient alternative to in-clinic visits, but scoring these assessments can be a laborious process for clinicians. This work describes Wav2DDK, an automated algorithm for estimating the diadochokinetic (DDK) rate on remotely collected audio from healthy participants and participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Wav2DDK was developed using a corpus of 970 DDK assessments from healthy and ALS speakers where ground truth DDK rates were provided manually by trained annotators. The clinical utility of the algorithm was demonstrated on a corpus of 7,919 assessments collected longitudinally from 26 healthy controls and 82 ALS speakers. Corpora were collected via the participants' own mobile device, and instructions for speech elicitation were provided via a mobile app. DDK rate was estimated by parsing the character transcript from a deep neural network transformer acoustic model trained on healthy and ALS speech. Algorithm estimated DDK rates are highly accurate, achieving .98 correlation with manual annotation, and an average error of only 0.071 syllables per second. The rate exactly matched ground truth for 83% of files and was within 0.5 syllables per second for 95% of files. Estimated rates achieve a high test-retest reliability (r = .95) and show good correlation with the revised ALS functional rating scale speech subscore (r = .67). We demonstrate a system for automated DDK estimation that increases efficiency of calculation beyond manual annotation. Thorough analytical and clinical validation demonstrates that the algorithm is not only highly accurate, but also provides a convenient, clinically relevant metric for tracking longitudinal decline in ALS, serving to promote participation and diversity of participants in clinical research. https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23787033.

Re: the rhetic

We claim that a notion of rhetic acts can fulfil a useful function in speech act theory. Austin’s examples of rhetic acts are saying that something is so and so, telling someone to do something, and asking whether something is so or so. Though this certainly sounds as if he is talking about the illocutionary acts of asserting, giving directions, and asking questions, we explain why the acts Austin mentions are not illocutionary after all. In short, illocutionary acts are acts that commit the participants in a conversation to various things. The illocutionary force of an utterance is determined by what it commits the interlocutors to. Our suggestion is that what looks like illocutionary force in the cases mentioned by Austin is really the contributions grammatical moods make to the literal meaning of utterances. We argue that this contribution is not part of what characterizes illocutionary acts as such. The semantic contribution of mood already characterizes those speech acts that Austin uses to exemplify rhetic acts. These rhetic acts are not committing in the way that illocutionary acts essentially are. So there must be a sense in which such rhetic acts are not illocutionary ones. In the final section, we suggest that the varieties of rhetic acts indicated by Austin fit neatly into a standard linguistic theoretical framework of conversational scoreboards.

Patient Factors Influencing Speech Outcomes in Velopharyngeal Function Following Initial Cleft Palate Repair: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Identification of patient factors influencing velopharyngeal function for speech following initial cleft palate repair. A literature search of relevant databases from inception until 2018 was performed using medical subject headings and keywords related to cleft palate, palatoplasty and speech assessment. Following three stage screening data extraction was performed. Systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant literature. Three hundred and eighty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising data on 47 658 participants. Individuals undergoing initial palatoplasty. Studies including participants undergoing initial cleft palate repair where the frequency of secondary speech surgery and/or velopharyngeal function for speech was recorded. Patient factors reported included cleft phenotype (95% studies), biological sex (64%), syndrome diagnosis (44%), hearing loss (28%), developmental delay (16%), Robin Sequence (16%) and 22q11.2 microdeletion syndrome (11%). Meta-analysis provided strong evidence that rates of secondary surgery and velopharyngeal dysfunction varied according to cleft phenotype (Veau I best outcomes, Veau IV worst outcomes), Robin Sequence and syndrome diagnosis. There was no evidence that biological sex was associated with worse outcomes. Many studies were poor quality with minimal follow-up. Meta-analysis demonstrated the association of certain patient factors with speech outcome, however the quality of the evidence was low. Uniform, prospective, multi-centre documentation of preoperative characteristics and speech outcomes is required to characterise risk factors for post-palatoplasty velopharyngeal insufficiency for speech. Registered with PROSPERO CRD42017051624.

Social Support, Religiosity, Wisdom and Well-Being Among Older Adults in Indonesia.

As the population ages, it is critical to understand the elements that contribute to the well-being of older individuals. Prior research suggests that a better sense of mastery and purpose in life may explain at least some of the beneficial link between wisdom, religion, and subjective well-being. This current study seeks to identify a model of older persons' psychological well-being formation in a religious group. Whether psychosocial strengths such as religiosity, social support, and wisdom are directly related to psychological well-being. Self-acceptance, autonomy, positive interpersonal relationships, environmental mastery, personal growth, and a sense of life purpose are all components of psychological well-being. This cross-sectional study included 261 participants, 42 men and 219 women aged 60 and up with normal cognitive, hearing, and/or speech functions. Participants lived in The boarding house in South Tapanuli-North Sumatra, Indonesia, for over 6 months. A backward translated Likert scales is used for data collection. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Model (SEM). The results indicate that social support and religiosity have an effect on psychological well-being through wisdom as a mediator. These findings emphasize the relevance of internal strengths for psychological well-being and give credence to the mediated path model's applicability to older adult communities in Indonesia.

Speech Outcomes and Velopharyngeal Function in Children Undergoing Submucous Cleft Palate Repair.

Describe and compare the results of speech and velopharyngeal function in children with classic and occult submucous cleft palate undergoing interdisciplinary treatment at the Gantz Foundation. The clinical history of all patients born between 2012 and 2017 with a diagnosis of classic or occult submucous cleft palate was retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative medical, surgical, and speech and language history were collected. Twenty-eight cases diagnosed at the age of 44.8±23.9 months were included. Of these, 71.4% presented classic submucous cleft, and 28.6% occult. Before primary surgery, 7.1% had a diagnosis of the syndrome, and 21.4% were under study. A total of 39.3% had hearing difficulties and 21.4% used tympanic ventilation tubes. A total of 60.7% had language problems, 39.3% had compensatory articulation, 17.9% had absent hypernasality, and 21.4% had absent nasal emission. The team indicated primary palate surgery in 71.4%, of which 85% performed the surgery at the mean age of 61.7±24.7 months. The surgical technique was Furlow in 88.2% of the cases and intravelar veloplasty in the remaining 11.8%. Then, 3 cases underwent velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery; 2 of them eliminated hypernasality and reduced nasal emission. The age of diagnosis ( P =0.021) and the performance of velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery ( P =0029) of the occult submucous cleft palate group was significatively later than the classic cleft palate group. Language, hearing, compensatory articulation, hypernasality, and nasal emission problems were recorded. A high percentage required primary surgery. Of these, a low proportion also required a velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery, which improved the velopharyngeal function of the children but did not completely adapt it. In this regard, early diagnosis is essential, as well as an analysis of each center primary closure protocol.

Особенности анализа ЭЭГ-микросостояний при постинсультной афазии

Knowledge about the specificity of changes in the activity of neural networks associated with realization of thought processes can be used to construct the personalized medical rehabilitation systems. This approach is of particular interest for people with the speech function disturbance due to stroke, since the development of aphasia with the loss of speech leads to severe social maladaptation that worsens the disease outcome. The study was aimed to assess the functional activity of individual neural networks based on the theory of combining the EEG microstate identification technique with the method of determining spatial localization by solving the EEG inverse problem in 27 individuals (15 males and 12 females) with an average age of 52 years, who had speech impairment due to acute atherothrombotic stroke. Mathematical analysis of the scalp bioelectrical activity multichannel recording from the system for EEG microstate model isolation was carried out under changing environmental conditions caused by the auditory-speech load together with the EEG inverse problem solution for each subject. It was found that the speech disorder development depends not only on the fact of damage to brain structures, but also on the deep functional restructuring of both neural streams involved in implementation of brain function and the entire speech connectome. The disease with a predominant motor disorder, that has shown the possibility of transferring functions to the intact hemisphere prefrontal structures, in contrast to sensory disorders representing global changes in the entire speech connectome, can probably be considered the most favorable variant of aphasia.

Analysis of public knowledge about the risk of denture treatment by dental artisans

Background: Tooth loss can be experienced by all ages, gender, ethnicity or race, which will result in reduced masticatory, speech and aesthetic functions of a person. Problems that are often found in cases of denture installation at dental technicians are patients experiencing severe infections, swelling of the face, red and swollen gums accompanied by trismus or difficulty opening the mouth. People assume that the safety of the action, hygiene, and authority possessed by dental artisans are similar to those of dentists. To find out and describe the knowledge of the people of Semarang City regarding and the risks of dentures treatment by dental artisans. 
 Method: This typed of researched was quantitative with a descriptive observational researched design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, used the lemeshow formula, obtained 67 respondents with the inclusion criteria of the Pedurungan district community aged 35-44 years.
 Result: The level of public knowledge about the risks of dentures treatment by dental artisans had good level of knowledge, namely 40 respondents (59.7%) and 26 respondents (38.8%) had sufficient knowledge
 Conclusion: The leveled knowledge of the people of Pedurungan district regarding the leveled of knowledge about risks of dentures treatment by dental artisans was classified as good and sufficient.

Where is the Care? Identifying the Impact of Rurality on SLP Caseloads and Treatment Decisions for Children with Cleft Palate.

Challenges providing cleft/craniofacial care in rural communities are often reported, leading to disparities in resources available to clinicians. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of rurality on caseloads and practice patterns of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding speech and velopharyngeal function for children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P). A national, survey of US-based SLPs (N = 359 respondents) investigated resources, comfort level, caseloads, and practice patterns for children with CL/P. Sub-county classifications that delineated levels of rurality were utilized. Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were conducted to determine the impact of population density on assessment and referral decisions. Nearly 83% of SLPs reported providing care for a child with CL/P and 41.4% of these SLPs reported five or more children with CL/P on caseload throughout their career. There were no significant differences in rurality of practice setting and the likelihood of treating a child with CL/P. Significant differences were present between rural, town, suburban, and metropolitan-based SLPs regarding available resources ( p = 0.035). SLPs in rural settings reported feeling uncomfortable treating children with CL/P compared to those in metropolitan settings ( p = 0.02). Distance to the cleft/craniofacial team and comfort levels impacted referral decisions. Most SLPs report having children with CL/P on caseload regardless of practice location. Rurality impacted assessment and referral decisions, especially surrounding access to resources and comfort levels engaging in team care. Findings have implications for developing support systems and reducing barriers for rural SLPs working with children born with CL/P.

ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI PADA FILM IMPERFECT KARYA ERNEST PRAKASA DAN MEIRA ANASTASIA SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN AJAR TEKS DRAMA SMA KELAS XI

This research aims to analyze the illocutionary speech acts in the imperfect film; determine the speech acts contained in the imperfect film and associated with the form and function of illocutionary speech acts, namely assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declarative; describe the form of Learner Worksheet (LKPD) that utilizes the results of the research. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The writer analyzes the form of illocutionary speech acts in imperfect film and finds 101 utterances. However, there are 12 utterances that have two illocutionary speech acts so there are 113 data including 34 assertive sentences, 26 directive sentences, 41 expressive sentences, 3 commissive sentences, and 9 declarative sentences. Data on the function of illocutionary speech acts found 36 data which is the function of illocutionary speech acts, including 19 competitive functions, 8 convival functions, 8 collaborative functions, and 1 conflictive function. This indicates that the imperfect film is appropriate and fulfills all the functions of illocutionary speech acts. The analysis shows that there are many forms of illocutionary speech acts in the movie, especially in expressive sentences and the most speech act functions are competitive functions. The author utilizes the research results as teaching materials for drama texts of grade XI. The results of the analysis used as teaching modules and LKPD are valid with a score of 96 from the first validator and 92 from the second validator, so it is feasible to be used as teaching materials in Indonesian language learning for grade XI high school students.

Current evidence, clinical applications, and future directions of transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for ischemic stroke.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive brain neurostimulation technique that can be used as one of the adjunctive treatment techniques for neurological recovery after stroke. Animal studies have shown that TMS treatment of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model reduced cerebral infarct volume and improved neurological dysfunction in model rats. In addition, clinical case reports have also shown that TMS treatment has positive neuroprotective effects in stroke patients, improving a variety of post-stroke neurological deficits such as motor function, swallowing, cognitive function, speech function, central post-stroke pain, spasticity, and other post-stroke sequelae. However, even though numerous studies have shown a neuroprotective effect of TMS in stroke patients, its possible neuroprotective mechanism is not clear. Therefore, in this review, we describe the potential mechanisms of TMS to improve neurological function in terms of neurogenesis, angiogenesis, anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis, and provide insight into the current clinical application of TMS in multiple neurological dysfunctions in stroke. Finally, some of the current challenges faced by TMS are summarized and some suggestions for its future research directions are made.