Speech Aggression Research Articles

Дискурсеми агресивності в українському щоденниковому дискурсі

The article deals with the discourse of aggressiveness. The study is based on the material of the Ukrainian diary discourse. The research material is the diary entries of Ukrainian diarists. A complex of general scientific and special research methods is used: analysis and synthesis, observation, definition, systematization. It enables generalization and specification of the theoretical foundations of the study of the speech aggression problem in the diary discourse. The investigation focuses on the phenomenon of speech aggression from the latest positions of cognitive and communicative paradigms – the selected language facts are described and systematized; contextualized fragments of diary texts containing speech aggression are identified and described. The article proves that verbal aggression is most evident in the context of daily discourse. Discourse semes of aggressiveness at the lexical level have significant opportunities for the diarist's verbal realization of his negative perception of a certain situation or the interlocutor`s personality. They form the evaluative content of diary communication reflecting its peculiarities. A convincing feature in the semantic field of aggression is the high semiotic density of negative behavioral characteristics and emotional evaluations. The evaluative content contained in the aggressiveness discourse semes allows the diarist to express his disapproval, rejection, negativism towards the opponent or the subject of the dispute. The analysis of the actual material proves that verbal aggression in the diary discourse is a special type of speech behavior of the diarist. The internal structure of text messages in this type of discourse serves as a means of rendering intolerant information, containing a wide range of specialized and non-specialized invectives.

Регулярная (не)вежливость в интернет-коммуникации: к вопросу о дискурсивном сдвиге в использовании этикетных формул благодарности

The article analyzes the ways etiquette formulas are used in conflict interactions between the participants of online communities. The writer brings into focus the tendency for etiquette formulas of gratitude to expand their functions. The article highlights typical strategies of using etiquette phrases in the discourse of conflict including their use as markers of open and covert speech aggression. The writers also state the functional convergence of gratitude and farewell formulars: the expression of gratitude as it is becomes a labelled sign of the speaker’s withdrawal from communication.

Публичната реч като лингвистично предизвикателство пред преводача и чуждоезиковото обучение

The current article examines Bulgarian public political speech as a challenge for the professional translators and as a series of political messages addressed to young people who study at higher educational institutions in Bulgaria. The article analyses the perception of clichéd constructions as well as the models of speech aggression which are widely practiced in different discussion formats such as election campaign debates, parliamentary control, public debates on TV where important public issues are discussed. The observations on the presidential election campaign in 2021 are also presented as well as the perception of the political messages by the nominees. The main conclusion from the scientific study shows that both Bulgarians and foreigners face problems with the grammatically correct sentence constructions behind which there is a minimum of information. The study also confirms the hypothesis that foreign students in Bulgaria recognize a number of common features between the political speech in our country and in their home countries. The clichés and the speech aggression are present in the global political speech as a component which defines the models of public speech and Bulgaria is no exception from that. A similar conclusion can be made about the interconnection between political and journalistic speech where the following common speech features can be recognized: inability to listen to the interlocutor; politicians slide over journalistic questions; the “self” overexposure, etc.

Коммуникативные неудачи: причины и следствия (на примере политических ток-шоу)

The article examines the causes of communication failures that occur in a TV conversation between journalists and experts invited to the studio of political talk shows. The article analyzes statements in live broadcasts that bring about communication failures; their effects are determined. It is shown that the main reason for communication failures in public space is speech aggression.

AGGRESSION IN ONLINE COMMUNICATION

Social media has got to the point where it shapes our life and makes a great impact on it. This impact can be both positive and negative. The latter is especially noticeable when there is aggression in online communication. Offensive language serves many purposes in everyday discourse. The paper analyses the language of aggression in social media; it also reveals the effects of aggressive language on society. The results of the study show that speech aggression manifests itself in different ways։ vulgar language, such as curse words, taboos, colloquialisms, nicknaming, etc.

The Speech Act of Threat in Various Communicative Situations

The paper attempts to identify common features characteristic of the expression of a threat in different communicative situations, as well as to describe the circumstances affecting the choice of certain language means to express threat. The direct and indirect forms of speech aggression seen as threat are studied in four spheres: political, business, everyday vernacular and mass media. We used data obtained by the method of continuous sampling from the Internet as material for the study: screenshots of personal correspondence, posts on social networks, photographs of paper media. In all these data, the speech act of the threat is recorded in writing and represents a threat-warning.

ПРОБЛЕМА КОММУНИКАЦИОННОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ МЕНЕДЖЕРА НА ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ПЕРСОНАЛА

The article analyzes the manager's communicative influence on personnel activity. Despite the available domestic and foreign experience in this area, to date there is no science- based system of communication interaction management of personnel management, which will allow to respond to changing conditions and apply modern motivational mechanisms in a timely manner. There are still strong tendencies to consider the employee as a staff unit, rather than a constituent element of the organization. The main reason and the main source of primitivism in people management are the same - the low or insufficient level of professionalism of the manager. The article deals with the rules and principles of communication with subordinates, describes social and psychological barriers, mistakes and types of speech aggression. The author offers recommendations for improving the communication impact of the manager on the activities of staff, as well as methods to improve the psychological climate in the team. The problem of personnel efficiency in the modern company is extremely relevant and requires a comprehensive scientific study.

Риски в поликодовой интернет-коммуникации: коммуникативно-прагматический и правовой аспекты

The article analyzes polycode texts and polycode Internet communication in terms of their riskiness. Theoretical approaches to the study of the phenomenon of risk and risky communications are presented, the concepts of “risk”, “communicative risk”, “legal risk”, “zones of communicative and legal risks”, “criminogenic speech aggression” are considered. The study of polycode texts associated with the concept of "risk" is carried out in two aspects: communicative-pragmatic and legal.

Фонетические средства передачи агрессивных эмоций в американском политическом дискурсе (на материале выступлений Дональда Трампа)

The paper aims to identify the phonetic means used by D. Trump to realize the strategy of speech aggression. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that the author for the first time identifies and classifies the phonetic means used by D. Trump to transfer aggressive emotions. The study is based on the video material “First presidential debate in full: Trump vs Biden”. The phonetic analysis is conducted using the Praat software. The findings indicate that to realize the strategy of speech aggression, D. Trump uses different prosodic means and applies such tactics as self-praising, direct attack, belittling the opponent’s competence.

ПСИХОЛОГО-ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИОННО-ЯЗЫКОВОЙ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТИ У ДЕТЕЙ ДОШКОЛЬНОГО И МЛАДШЕГО ШКОЛЬНОГО ВОЗРАСТА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЭМОЦИОГЕННОЙ НЕСТАБИЛЬНОСТИ ОБЩЕСТВА

The article is devoted to the study of the formation of information and language competence in preschool and primary school age. Children of the modern world are immersed in the information space, where they manage a variety of information stored and transmitted by the culture of society. At the same time, they must be aware of the value of information, which is the Foundation of motivation to learn, be able to find and analyze information, critically evaluate information content, be able to build meaningful statements and participate in new communication situations. This article includes a theoretical analysis and description of the organization of an experimental study of the process of formation of information and language competence in children of senior preschool and primary school age. Presents the research methods, criteria and indicators characterizing the level of development of information and language competence identified and approved a complex of psycho-pedagogical conditions providing efficiency of formation at pupils and students of information and language competence. Necessary and sufficient conditions of formation of information and language competency are the use of project activity in educational process of preschool and primary General education; development and conducting series of lessons aimed at the formation of information language competence, and orientation preschool and primary school children for language tolerance in direct communication and interaction in the virtual information-educational space. The observed changes in indicators for all components of information and language competence (cognitive, motivational, value-based, reflexive-evaluative and activity-based) convincingly prove the feasibility of using these conditions. Also, the formation of information and language competence is revealed as the prevention of asocial behaviors and intolerant signs of speech aggression at a younger age.

Discrediting Strategy as a Dominant of the Discursive Personality of an American Political Radio Commentator

Introduction. The paper reviews the specifics of the implementation of the discrediting strategy as the dominant of the discursive personality of an American political radio commentator. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the interest of modern linguistics in the description of generalized typical discursive personalities. The scientific novelty of the research is due to the fact that the discursive personality of the political radio commentator has not yet become the object of a special study. The study of a discursive personality is reduced to description of the types of communicative tonality to which a person resorts in the process of communication, as well as identification of the main communicative-pragmatic strategies used by them in order to achieve the goals of communication. The discursive personality of a political commentator-radio host is realized in the generated media texts, which are characterized by a specific communicative tonality due to a distant format and a technically mediated form of communication; social evaluation; ideological focus and polydiscourse.Methodology and sources. The study is drawn on the corpus compiled of scripts of 13 complete radio broadcasts of famous American political commentators (Glenn Beck, Michael Alan Weiner and Mark Levin) with a total volume of 115 792 words. The radio broadcasts were devoted to the election campaign (October – November 2016) and postelection polemics (January – March 2017). Based on the quantitative methods and contextual analysis, conclusions were made about the leading discrediting tactics of the genre under study and the main linguistic means of their actualization.Results and discussion. The strategy of discrediting is shown to be supported by a system of communicative tactics, the main of which are: the tactics of compromising the opponent, the tactics of verbal discrimination and the tactics of verbal insinuation. Each of the tactics, in turn, is implemented by a set of its typical communicative passages. Verbal insinuation and verbal discrimination in the studied genre have been established as the ways of linguistic implementation of such discrediting tactics of emotional impact. The role of evaluative vocabulary, slang, low colloquialisms, invectives, stylistic figurative means, occasionalisms and references to precedent phenomena as means of implementing discrediting tactics are considered. It has been proven that speech tactics of discrediting are never implemented in the studied type of discourse in their pure form since tactical schemes interact and overlap each other.Conclusion. The discrediting tactics in the genre under study are found to be a way of implementing speech aggression. Speech aggression as a feature of the discursive personality of an American political radio host is so affective and hostile that it can be argued that the ethics of speech behavior is not among the communicative values of this linguistic and cultural type. The rejection of ethical communication behavior is largely motivated by the need to participate in a tough competition in the context of the growing intensity of the information flow in modern media communication.

Speech Aggression and Reaction to It

Speech Aggression and Reaction to It

Speech aggression as a manifestation of dominance: pragmalinguistic aspects

The authors investigate the phenomenon of speech aggression in texts of various directions. The destruction of the cultural system, built exclusively on religious unity, marks the end of the Middle Ages, coming towards the end of the fourteenth century. It was then that the formation of a new principle begins, which is that “objective reality and its meaning are sensual. Reality is comprehended not with the help of revelation, transposed by selected religious practices, but through the senses. The role of anthropocentrism is growing both at the philosophical and cultural, and at the speech-thinking (linguo-cognitive) levels. А cultural system based on such a premise idealistic. In it, feeling is balanced by intellect, faith by science, empirical perception by intuition. Its values belong to both the Earth and Heaven. Her world is both sensual and supersensible.

АГРЕССИВНАЯ МЕТАФОРА КАК ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНО-ЭКСПРЕССИВНОЕ СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЕ СРЕДСТВО ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ НЕГАТИВНОГО ОБЩЕСТВЕННОГО МНЕНИЯ (НА МАТЕРИАЕЛЕ СТАТЕЙ ФРАНЦУЗСКИХ СМИ, ПОСВЯЩЁННЫХ ДВИЖЕНИЮ "ЖЁЛТЫХ ЖИЛЕТОВ" ВО ФРАНЦИИ)

This article is devoted to the study of "aggressive" metaphors in the French media. The main concept of the work is to study the conceptual metaphors proposed by the American linguists J. Lakoff, M. Johnson and the Russian linguist, A.P. Chudinov using the theoretical material of cognitive linguistics and stylistics. From the point of view of the theory the key issues are the consideration of the concept of metaphor in the framework of stylistics and cognitive linguistics, the study of the structure of conceptual metaphors: conceptual domains, the principles of metaphorical transfer, frame-slot mechanisms, stylistic functions, the study of the role of this type of metaphor in the journalistic text, the study of their stable classification and basic stylistic characteristics. The analysis of the structure of conceptual metaphors is necessary for understanding the process of metaphorization and for studying the principles of forming a negative opinion of the author. All the studied examples relate to certain metaphorical concepts that express an "aggressive" metaphor. The authors also emphasize the mechanisms of speech aggression in metaphor. The research is based on the material of political articles devoted to the «yellow vests movement in France, taken from the well-known weekly magazines "Le Monde" and "Le Point".

Метафора как способ выражения и импликации вербальной агрессии (на материале отечественного рок-дискурса)

The article is devoted to verbal aggression: possible approaches to the study of this phenomenon and the speech means that mark it are mentioned. First of all, the potential of stylistic devices in the implementation of the aggressive character of the text related to rock discourse is considered. The author analyses such means of speech aggression in which negative connotations and aggressive semantics appear as a result of metaphorical transfer or in the process of replacing with a descriptive turn according to the principle of periphery. In addition, attention is paid to the specifics of the implication of speech aggression in Russian rock discourse and the euphemistic properties of stylistic devices. The article contains numerous examples from both late Soviet and modern musical texts.

Lexical means of speech aggression in Soviet Russian-language print media

The relevance of the article is connected with the prevalence of aggressive materials in the media space, the significance of their role in influencing the audience. The purpose of the work is to identify and describe the lexical means of expressing speech aggression in the Russian-language press of the Soviet era. The research material consists of 500 articles on international topics published from 1946 to 1989 in the newspaper Soviet Belarus, published in Belarus in Russian. The methods of semantic, contextual and discursive analysis have been used. In the course of the study, the semantic groups of words used in the press of the indicated time to express speech aggression have been identified. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that determining the specifics of aggression explication in the newspaper texts of a particular period contributes to understanding the characteristics of media discourse as a type of institutional communication. The practical significance lies in identifying aggressive semantic dominants of the post-war Soviet press. It has been established that speech aggression in analyzed texts is expressed with the help of lexemes denoting certain ideologies, aggressive and military actions, crimes and criminals, desire for enrichment, non-compliance with law, violation of communicative behavior, social and economic problems, negative emotions and negative evaluation. The prospects for further studies in the direction are indicated: identifying language means of expressing aggression in the press of other periods, as well as studying strategic and tactical dominants of aggressive speech behavior in the articles of different genres and on different topics.

CONFLICTS IN SOCIAL MEDIA

The authors draw attention to an increase in the number of conflicts and crimes related to communication in parental chats. The complexity of the definition of the concept of «speech aggression» is noted, since there is no single form of behavior that reflects speech aggression, and the heterogeneity of its manifestation by motivation, forms of expression. Examples are given where disagreements in parental chat rooms became the reason for physical violence in reality. In conclusion, the authors note the difficulty in bringing responsibility for speech aggression in chats and give their recommendations if there are signs of speech aggression in chats.

ЛИНГВОПРАГМАТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕЧЕВОГО ЖАНРА «СОБОЛЕЗНОВАНИЕ» В ИНТЕРНЕТ-КОММУНИКАЦИИ

Statement of the problem. The speech genre “condolence”, penetrating into Internet communication, acquires new forms and means of expression that differ from traditional expressions of sympathy, which can lead to communication failures. Solving the problem of transformation of the speech genre “condolence” in Internet communication, the purpose of the article was to study the formation of semantic variability of texts of this genre and its accompanying genres. Research methodology. The analysis of the empirical material was carried out using our model of analysis of the speech genre “condolence”, which takes into account the speech genre and linguopragmatic parameters. Research results. Special features of functioning of the speech genre “condolence” in online communication were described by the following parameters: text type, communication sphere, place of functioning of the text or its genre, sender and recipient, tone of communication, speech genres, accompanying condolences, strategy and tactics in the online texts of condolence, and polycode. Conclusion. The analysis of the “condolence” speech genre revealed the following differences from traditional forms: the merging of oral and written mourning genres in Internet texts (letter, postcard, obituary, funeral announcement, funeral speech, ritual weeping, “dialogue” with the deceased, etc.), as well as verbal and non-verbal components (text, image, photo, video and audio materials, expression of emotions using emoticons and stickers); ambiguous interpretation of elements specific only to Internet communication (“like”, “repost”, hashtag); the appearance of speech aggression in the comments to the records of the mourning situation. Official expression of condolences in Internet communication is characterized by standardization, restraint and cliches, so it does not differ from traditional forms of expression of sympathy.

ДІАЛОГІЧНИЙ ДИСКУРС У КОНТЕКСТІ ЕКОЛІНГВІСТИЧНОЇ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ

Basing on cognitive and discourse linguistic paradigm the author characterizes dialogue communication in the context of ecolinguistic issues. In leveled structure of dialogue discourse following O. Selivanova it has been pointed out such constituents as formal and content, interactive, onthological, social and cultural ones that cause specific features of its content verbalization. Updating interdisciplinary research gives a possibility to interpret language and speech (dialogical in particular) as an ecolinguistic phenomenon and the instrument of harmonious living activity formation. This presents the dialogue issue as cognitive and communicative phenomenon behind the limits of classical linguistics and raises the issue of dialogue communication environmental friendliness / environmental unfriendliness. The author emphasizes on the environmental unfriendliness in presentable packaging that has been implemented in such forms as conflict communication, emotional ignoring, emotional taboo, and outlines specific features of cooperation and language domination strategies verbalization. The author stresses that speech’s influence (as the aim of dialogue communication) may be either positive or negative. Last one is the revelation of speech violence which may be presented implicitly (speech manipulation) or explicitly (speech aggression). Both speech violence implementations influence on people’s dialogue interaction in a negative way as they are directed on the destruction of addressee’s language personality. The author highlights that to qualify any utterance according to its violence revelation is possible only considering the context of speech situation namely analysis of concrete communication conditions. In the context of researched issue the author argues the need of its linguistic and didactic interpretation that is the need to teach ecological communication basing on speech tolerance that promotes the formation of harmonious living activity.

Оскорбление в экспертизе текста: лингвистический и правовой дискурс

An abuse in the expertise of the text: linguistic and legal discourse The article examines the features of forensic expert activity in the study of abuse in order to diagnose them, taking into account both legal and linguistic knowledge. Attention is focused on the severity of special signs of speech aggression in the product of speech activity. The statements are considered offensive if a number of conditions are met. At first, if they are directed to the offended directly. At second, it can give a generalized characterization of the personality and are expressed in an indecent form.