Absorption Spectra Research Articles

Triplet Energy Gap-Regulated Room Temperature Phosphorescence in Host-Guest Doped Systems.

The organic room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials via host-guest doped method receive considerable attention in the fields of optoelectronics, bioimaging, and information encryption. Despite many host-guest doped materials with excellent RTP properties have been developed, their luminous mechanism is still limited. Here, a series of host-guest doped materials, using benzophenone as the host and quinone compounds as the guests, were constructed to investigate the effect of the triplet energy gap (ΔET) between the host and guest on triplet states population. The guest's triplet state is proposed to be a "triplet energy reservoir", gathering the triplet excitons to emit RTP when ΔET is large and returning triplet excitons to the host when ΔET is small. By combining the results of steady-state and delayed emission spectra, time-resolved transient absorption spectra, and theoretical calculations, a bidirectional energy transfer process is proved, which are triplet-triplet energy transfer and reverse triplet-triplet energy transfer processes. The thermal equilibrium of these two energy transfer processes can be regulated by the ΔET and temperature. The potential applications of these RTP properties are also realized in data encryption and anti-counterfeiting. This work provides valuable insight into the design of host-guest doped materials based on energy transfer mechanisms.

Investigation of Charge Transfer Mechanism and Dielectric Relaxation in CsCdCl3 Perovskite

ABSTRACTThe exceptional optoelectronic capabilities of all‐inorganic metal halide perovskite semiconductor components open up a multitude of possible applications. Among all the metal halides, the chloride of cesium cadmium has not been investigated in great detail. Here, we describe a straightforward method for creating CsCdCl3 perovskite single crystals using the slow evaporation solution growth approach. These were investigated by utilizing X‐ray powder diffraction, and optical and impedance spectroscopies. The creation of a single‐phase with a hexagonal‐type structure was verified by the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data. The compound's semiconductor characteristics were verified by the optical measurement, indicating a direct band‐gap value of about 3.16 eV. The absorption and reflectance spectrum was also used to calculate and explain the optical extinction coefficient, Urbach energy, and skin depth as functions of the input photon's wavelength. Besides, the impedance spectroscopy technique was employed to investigate the characteristics of this component, across a frequency range of 10−1 Hz to 106 Hz and at temperatures ranging from 313 K to 453 K. The frequency behavior of the AC conductivity, σac, was analyzed using the universal Jonscher law. The outcomes of the charge transport investigation on CsCdCl3 imply that the perovskite material possessed a quantum mechanical tunneling (QMT) model for T < 363 K and a large polaron tunneling (OLPT) paradigm for T > 363 K. A correlation between the ionic conductivity and the crystal structure was established and discussed. Ultimately, the low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant of CsCdCl3 make it a promising material for energy harvesting devices.

Photoconductance Induced by Excited‐State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) in Single‐Molecule Junctions

AbstractExcited‐state intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT) molecules have been drawing considerable attention due to their unique photophysical properties and potential applications in optoelectronic devices. Although ground and excited‐state tautomerism in various proton transfer systems associated with ESIPT has been extensively studied both experimentally and theoretically, the charge‐transport characteristics of ESIPT molecules at the single‐molecule level has been little investigated. In this work, scanning tunneling microscope‐based fixed junction technique (STM‐FJ) is employed with theoretical calculations to explore the electronic properties of SMe‐PhOH (with ESIPT properties), together with its photoconductance induced by ESIPT photocycle processes under continuous light illumination (254/275/295/310 nm). The conductance variation of SMe‐PhOH with different UV wavelengths exhibits a continuous photoconductance distribution, which is highly consistent with the results of its UV–vis absorption spectrum. Theoretical calculations indicate that the interaction between localized HOMO and delocalized LUMO of SMe‐PhOH K*‐state gives rise to Fano resonance, thereby leading to enhanced conductance compared with its E‐state. It reveals the microscopic mechanism of ESIPT process at the nanoscale and provides a constructive perspective for optimizing the photoresponsive properties of ESIPT‐type molecules, as well as designing high‐performance single‐molecule devices.

TVT‐Based New Building Block with Enhanced π‐Electron Delocalization for Efficient Non‐Fused Photovoltaic Acceptor

AbstractTo address the high‐cost issue that impedes the large‐scale fabrication and industrialization of organic solar cells (OSCs), it is crucial to design low‐cost photovoltaic materials with simplified synthesis procedures. In this study, a novel fully non‐fused acceptor, ATVT‐BO, featuring a triisopropylbenzene‐substituted (E)‐1,2‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)ethene (TVT) unit as the central core is designed and synthesized. A control acceptor, A4T‐BO, with the same alkyl chains but a bithiophene central core, is also synthesized for comparison. Theoretical calculations and practical measurements reveal that compared to A4T‐BO, the insertion of an ethylene bond in ATVT‐BO enhances the molecular planarity and reduces the aromaticity, leading to enhanced π‐electron delocalization and thus improved electron mobility and a red‐shifted optical absorption spectrum. The 3D molecular packing mode of ATVT‐BO, characterized by tight intermolecular interactions, also promotes efficient charge transport in OSCs. Consequently, when paired with the low‐cost polymer PTVT‐T, featuring an ester‐substituted TVT structure, as the photoactive layer, the PTVT‐T:ATVT‐BO‐based device achieves a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 14.8%, distinctly higher than that of PTVT‐T:A4T‐BO‐based cell. The result highlights the significant potential of TVT units in creating both low‐cost polymer donors and fully non‐fused acceptors, which opens up new possibilities for designing low‐cost photoactive materials in OSCs.

Photovoltaic response promoted via intramolecular charge transfer in triphenylpyridine core with small acceptors: A DFT/TD-DFT study

Currently, A−π−A configured molecules (TTP1-TTP6) were designed from the reference compound (TPPR) by modifying the terminal acceptors for photovoltaic materials. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using the M06/6-311G(d,p) functional were employed to analyze the photonic and electronic properties of the newly designed derivatives. Various analyses; frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), density of states (DOS), absorption spectra (λmax), transition density matrix (TDM), binding energy (Eb), hole-electron and open circuit voltage (Voc) were performed to explore the photovoltaic properties of triphenylpyridine based compounds. The structural modulation with acceptor moieties significantly tuned their HOMO and LUMO levels, resulting in reduced band gaps (2.833–3.037 eV). They also exhibited broader absorption spectra (λmax) ranging from 482.560 to 514.756 nm as compared to the reference compound (486.289 nm). Notably, TPP3 showed the good photovoltaic response as it displayed the least energy gap (2.833 eV) with lower binding energy (0.415 eV) and bathochromic shift (512.798 nm) in absorption spectra as compared to all other derivatives. Beside this, a comparative study with spiro-OMeTAD and P3HT standard hole transport materials illustrated that these materials can also be utilized as effective photovoltaic materials.

Empirical Modal Decomposition Combined with Deep Learning for Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Detection of Mixture Gas Concentrations.

In photoacoustic spectroscopy based multicomponent gas analysis, the overlap of the absorption spectra among different gases can affect the measurement accuracy of gas concentrations. We report a multicomponent gas analysis method based on empirical modal decomposition (EMD), convolutional neural networks (CNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks that can extract the exact concentrations of mixed gases from the overlapping wavelength-modulated spectroscopy with second harmonic (WMS-2f) detection. The WMS-2f signals of 25 different concentration combinations of acetylene-ammonia mixtures are detected using a single distributed feedback laser (DFB) at 1531.5 nm. The acetylene concentrations range from 2.5 to 7.5 ppm and the ammonia concentrations from 12.5 to 37.5 ppm. The data set is enhanced by cyclic shifting and adding Gaussian noise. The classification accuracy of the test set reaches 99.89% after tuning. The mean absolute errors of the five additional sets of data measured under different conditions are 0.092 ppm for acetylene and 1.902 ppm for ammonia, within the above concentration ranges.

Metallic Ca Aggregates Formed Along Ion Tracks and Optical Anisotropy in CaF2 Crystals Irradiated with Swift Heavy Ions

It is known that swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation induces the shape elongation of metal nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in transparent insulators, which results in anisotropic optical absorption. Here, we report another type of the optical anisotropy induced in CaF2 crystals without including intentionally embedded metal NPs. The CaF2 samples were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe14+ ions with an incident angle of 45° from the surface normal. With the increasing fluence, an absorption band at ~550 nm, which is ascribed to Ca aggregates, increases both the intensity and the anisotropy. XTEM observation clarified the formation of the continuous line structures and the discontinuous NP chains parallel to the SHI beam. Numerical simulations of the optical absorption spectra suggested the NP chains but not the continuous line structures as the origin of the anisotropy. The optical anisotropy in CaF2 irradiated with SHIs is different from the shape elongation of NPs.

Distance-dependent symmetry-breaking charge transfer in 9,10-bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene dimers.

To investigate the effect of the through-bond coupling strength on the symmetry-breaking charge separation (SB-CS) dynamics and mechanism, three 9,10-bis((4-hexylphenyl)ethynyl)anthracene dimers with varying distances, viz., a single-bond linked dimer (0-dimer), a phenylene linked dimer (1-dimer) and a para-biphenylene linked dimer (2-dimer), were synthesized and studied systematically using steady-state and transient spectroscopy. Steady-state absorption spectra revealed that the electronic coupling strength decreased gradually with the increase of the inter-chromophore distance, and the transition of S0→S1 includes the dark charge transfer (CT) excitation. fs-TA spectra demonstrated that SB-CS could be conducted in both weakly and highly polar solvents for 0-dimer, but the SB-CS dynamics has a significant difference. In weakly polar solvents, SB-CS only produces the partial CT (PCT) state, but it could generate the CT state via the PCT state in highly polar solvent. In comparison, SB-CS is only proceeded in highly polar solvents in 1-dimer and 2-dimer to produce the CT state directly. These results demonstrate that the SB-CS dynamics is strongly dependent on the inter-chromophore electronic coupling, and the relatively strong electronic coupling is crucial for the occurrence of SB-CS in weakly polar environment that is commonly presented in photoelectric devices.

Impact of the host lattice on crystallographic, Raman, optical, and luminescent properties on the terbium ion

AbstractA comparative study of the Gd2O3:Tb and Y2O3:Tb nanoparticles (NPs) was presented to examine the influence of the host lattices on the crystallographic phase, surface characteristics, optical properties, Raman effect, and photoluminescence properties. Cubic shapes Gd2O3:Tb and Y2O3:Tb NPs with an estimated crystalline size of 17 and 11 nm were recorded from the X‐ray diffraction pattern, respectively. Comparative absorption spectra of both oxides NPs were presented to examine the dispersibility, colloidal stability, and optical behavior of the NPs. Energy bandgap values were estimated to monitor the optical characteristics of the metal oxides in the UV/Vis region. Fourier transform infrared was recorded to confirm the surface‐attached water and organic moieties. The Raman spectra of metal oxides were recorded to examine the symmetrical dis‐order and polarizability of the vibrational bands. The ionic radius of the atoms distorts the bond structure resulting in it greatly influenced the vibrational bands of the materials. The emission spectra certified the effective doping of the luminescent Tb3+‐ion in the metal oxide host lattices. Raman spectra and emission spectra validated the crystal symmetry imperfections; subsequently, the efficiency of the Raman active modes and emission transitions was greatly influenced. In a comparative analysis, Y2O3:Tb NPs exhibited higher luminescence intensity in comparison with the Gd2O3:Tb NPs.

Theoretical design of an electrically and thermally dual-controlled double-band absorber based on graphene and InSb

A novel, to our knowledge, double-band metamaterial absorber based on graphene and InSb is proposed in the terahertz regime. The amplitude and center frequency of the absorber can be electrically tuned by adjusting the graphene chemical potential and thermally controlled by varying the InSb temperature independently. First, owing to the bright–bright mode coupling effect, the average absorption rate of double-band absorber can reach 97% in the FDTD simulation. Meanwhile, the physical absorption mechanism can be analyzed theoretically by the radiating two-oscillator model. Second, when the chemical potential of graphene increases, the absorption rates of the absorber decrease gradually, and the absorption frequencies are almost unchanged. Moreover, if the temperature of InSb increases, the absorption frequencies and rates of absorber increase simultaneously. Finally, the impact of parameters on the absorption spectra, and the excellent sensing performance of the dual-band absorber as a refractive index sensor, are further discussed. This work provides a theoretical basis for the designs of dual-tunable absorbers and sensors.

Solvatochromic behavior on the absorption, transmittance and emission spectra for some organic dyes as active media

Solvatochromic behavior on the absorption, transmittance and emission spectra for some organic dyes as active media

Atmospheric propane (C3H8) column retrievals from ground-based FTIR observations in Xianghe, China

Abstract. Propane (C3H8) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere, as it is a proxy for oil and gas production and has a significant impact on atmospheric chemical reactions related to the hydroxyl radical and tropospheric ozone formation. In this study, solar direct absorption spectra near 2967 cm−1 recorded by a ground-based Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were applied to retrieve C3H8 total columns between June 2018 and July 2022 in Xianghe in north China. The systematic and random uncertainties of the C3H8 column retrieval are estimated to be 18.4 % and 18.1 %, respectively. The mean and standard deviation of the C3H8 columns derived from the FTIR spectra in Xianghe are 1.80 ± 0.81 (1σ) × 1015 molec. cm−2. Good correlations are found between C3H8 and other non-methane hydrocarbons, such as C2H6 (R=0.84) and C2H2 (R=0.79), as well as between C3H8 and CO (R=0.72). However, the correlation between C3H8 and CH4 is relatively weak (R=0.45). Moreover, the FTIR C3H8 measurements in Xianghe are also compared against MkIV measurements at several sites around the world. The new FTIR measurements in Xianghe provide us with insight into C3H8 column variations and the underlying processes in north China.

THz biosensing for early detection of influenza and coronaviruses using dielectric metamaterials

Abstract The world has faced a significant challenge since December 2019, when coronavirus (COVID-19) was found. Viruses of this type are causing pandemics all over the world right now. For this purpose, a biosensor is designed to operate based on metamaterial (MM) incorporated and can detect different coronaviruses. The proposed metamaterial absorber (MMA) includes two bands with perfect absorption characteristics and a narrow absorption bandwidth: 4.093 THz and 3.647 THz. The circuit model’s transmission line technique is another approach to verifying the absorber’s functionality. The proposed design consists of a square-shaped graphene ring (SGR) and a silicon-based square ring resonator (SSRR) to provide unique and narrow band absorption characteristics. Changing the graphene’s chemical potential suggests MMA tuneability and control capability. The suggested MMA can detect several coronaviruses because of its extremely narrow absorption spectrum behavior. It has unique features such as ultra-narrow absorption bandwidth, polarization insensitivity, and simplicity. The MMA is designed with a compact structure, good sensitivity (s), exceptional figure of Merit (FOM), and superior Quality factor (Q) values.

Synthesis, characterization, and study of linear and non-linear optical properties of some newly thieno[2,3-b]thiophene analogs

Abstract Newly 3,4-Diaminothieno[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives were synthesized by attaching with different aromatic have rich electron. The resulted compounds have been investigated by FT-IR, NMR, elemental analysis, and optical absorption spectra. Comparison between these resulted compounds revealed oxoindolin-3-ylidene)amino)thieno[2,3-b]thiophene has the highest absorption peak intensity at ~ 696nm, thin films have been prepared by thermal evaporation technique and characterized by UV-Visible-NIR spectroscopy as well as the allied absorption, dielectric and dispersion parameters have been investigated and compared with other reported results. Obtained results indicated diethyl 3,4-bis(((E)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)amino)thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylate and 3,4-bis(((E)-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)amino)thieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2,5-dicarbonitrile have manifested small band energy gap energy 1.95, 1.66 eV; respectively as a result of increasing conjugation and high absorption coefficient, make these compounds ideal for use in solar cell. The high nonlinear parameters such as refractive index and third-order nonlinear susceptibility of these organic compound thin films are significantly asymptotic compared with chalcogenide and oxide materials, making them suitable for nonlinear optical devices.

Synthesis, Structure, Spectral and Redox Properties of Phenoxazine Embedded Heteroporphyrins

A series of phenoxazine embedded heteroporphyrins containing one phenoxazine, two pyrroles and one heterocycle, such as furan, thiophene, selenophene and telluorophene, connected through four meso carbon atoms were synthesized by condensing one equivalent of phenoxazine‐based tripyrrane with one equivalent of the appropriate 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl‐p‐tolyl) heterocycle under acid‐catalyzed conditions, and their structure, spectral and electrochemical properties were compared with those of previously reported phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. The X‐ray crystal structure of the phenoxazine embedded selenoporphyrin revealed that the selenophene ring, which is opposite phenoxazine moiety, points outward from the macrocyclic core, and the phenoxazine unit deviated by an angle of 39.47° from the mean plane defined by the four meso carbons atoms. The replacement of the phenothiazine unit in phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins with a phenoxazine unit led to significant alteration of the electronic properties of the macrocycles, as reflected in their spectral and electrochemical properties. The absorption spectra of phenoxazine embedded heteroporphyrins showed bathochromically shifted absorption bands, hypsochromically shifted fluorescence bands with decent quantum yields, more facile oxidation and more difficult reduction as compared to the corresponding phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. DFT and TD‐DFT studies were in support of the experimental observations.

Enhanced UV-Visible Absorption of Silicon Solar Cells Utilizing YAG:Ce3+ and Ba5Si2O6Cl6: Eu2+ Based on Spectral Down-Shifting.

Spectral down-shifting materials can convert the less utilized photons in the solar spectrum into the portion that solar cells can fully utilize, providing an effective means of improving the efficiency of solar cells. In this work, the spectral down-shifting material Ba5Si2O6Cl6: Eu2+ (BSOC) was prepared by a high-temperature solid-state method. The fluorescence spectra indicate that the absorption spectrum of BSOC can cover the range of 210-500nm, and has a strong emission spectrum with a broadband of 410-650nm. The wider spectral characteristics make it convenient to utilize the solar spectrum efficiently. Additionally, the BSOC phosphors precisely compensate for the weak absorption of YAG: Ce3+ (YAG) phosphors below 425nm. The YAG and BSOC phosphors were mixed, and the hybrid material has a wider absorption range (200-540nm) compared to YAG or BSOC alone. Finally, the electrical properties of the packaged cells were tested, and the results showed that the packaged cells with hybrid materials had higher short-circuit current density and photoelectric conversion efficiency compared to YAG or BSOC alone. In addition, the efficiency of the packaged cells with hybrid materials increased from 19.54 to 20.08% compared with the bare cells, a relative increase of 2.760%.

Cyano-substituted Bis((benzothiophen-2-yl)pyridine) (acetylacetonate) iridium complexes for efficient and stable deep red organic light-emitting diodes emitting at 673 nm

This study explores the development of cyano-substituted bis((benzothiophen-2-yl)pyridine) (acetylacetonate) iridium complexes, specifically Ir(btpCN)2(acac), for use in efficient and stable deep red organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) emitting at 673 nm. The new emitter, Ir(btpCN)2(acac), was designed to achieve red-shifted emission through strategic cyano substitution at the meta-position of pyridine moiety of btp ligand, leveraging the favorable overlap between its emission spectrum and the absorption spectrum of the exciplex host composed of BCzPh and CN-T2T. The OLED devices employing Ir(btpCN)2(acac) as the emitter exhibited a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.2 % and an emission wavelength of 673 nm. Significantly, these devices demonstrated superior operational stability, with a lifetime (LT50) of 190.8 h at an initial luminance of 200 cd m−2, which is among the highest reported for deep-red OLEDs in the literature. This remarkable stability is achieved without compromising the device performance, making Ir(btpCN)2(acac) a highly promising candidate for commercial applications. In addition, the straightforward synthesis process of Ir(btpCN)2(acac) further enhances its potential for widespread use. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of cyano-substituted Ir complexes for creating efficient, stable, and commercially viable deep-red OLEDs. The balanced performance of Ir(btpCN)2(acac) in terms of efficiency, stability, and ease of synthesis marks a significant advancement in the development of OLED technology suitable for phototherapy and other applications requiring reliable deep-red light sources.

Living Therapeutics for Synergistic Hydrogen-Photothermal Cancer Treatment by Photosynthetic Bacteria.

Hydrogen gas (H2) therapy, recognized for its inherent biosafety, holds significant promise as an anti-cancer strategy. However, the efficacy of H2 treatment modalities is compromised by their reliance on systemic gas administration or chemical reactions generation, which suffers from low efficiency, poor targeting, and suboptimal utilization. In this study, living therapeutics are employed using photosynthetic bacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides for in situ H2 production combined with near-infrared (NIR) mediated photothermal therapy. Living R. sphaeroides exhibits strong absorption in the NIR spectrum, effectively converting light energy into thermal energy while concurrently generating H2. This dual functionality facilitates the targeted induction of tumor cell death and substantially reduces collateral damage to adjacent normal tissues. The findings reveal that integrating hydrogen therapy with photothermal effects, mediated through photosynthetic bacteria, provides a robust, dual-modality approach that enhances the overall efficacy of tumor treatments. This living therapeutic strategy not only leverages the therapeutic potential of both hydrogen and photothermal therapeutic modalities but also protects healthy tissues, marking a significant advancement in cancer therapy techniques.

Statistics of protein electrostatics.

Molecular dynamics simulations of a small redox-active protein plastocyanin address two questions. (i) Do protein electrostatics equilibrate to the Gibbsian ensemble? (ii) Do the electrostatic potential and electric field inside proteins follow the Gaussian distribution? The statistics of electrostatic potential and electric field are probed by applying small charge and dipole perturbations to different sites within the protein. Nonergodic (non-Gibbsian) sampling is detectable through violations of exact statistical rules constraining the first and second statistical moments (fluctuation-dissipation relations) and the linear relation between free-energy surfaces of the collective coordinate representing the Hamiltonian electrostatic perturbation. We find weakly nonergodic statistics of the electrostatic potential (simulation time of 0.4-1.0 μs) and non-Gibbsian and non-Gaussian statistics of the electric field. A small dipolar perturbation of the protein results in structural instabilities of the protein-water interface and multi-modal distributions of the Hamiltonian energy gap. The variance of the electrostatic potential passes through a crossover at the glass transition temperature Ttr ≃ 170 K. The dipolar susceptibility, reflecting the variance of the electric field inside the protein, strongly increases, with lowering temperature, followed by a sharp drop at Ttr. The linear relation between free-energy surfaces can be directly tested by combining absorption and emission spectra of optical dyes. It was found that the statistics of the electrostatic potential perturbation are nearly Gibbsian/Gaussian, with little deviations from the prescribed statistical rules. On the contrary, the (nonergodic) statistics of dipolar perturbations are strongly non-Gibbsian/non-Gaussian due to structural instabilities of the protein hydration shell.

Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity potentials of green-synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles using the aqueous extract of Helichrysum cymosum

The current research involved the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) using an aqueous extract of Helichrysum cymosum shoots, and subsequent characterization via different analytical methods, such as UV–Vis spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), and zeta potential. The biological effects of the ZnO-NPs were then tested against C3A hepatocyte cells and L6 myocyte cell lines via series of analysis, including cytotoxicity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic effect via enzymatic inhibition. The UV–Vis analysis showed a maximum absorption spectrum at 360, and the TEM analysis reveals a spherical and hexagonal structures, with an average dimension of 28.05–58.3 nm, and the XRD reveals a crystalline hexagonal structure. The zeta potential evaluation indicated that the ZnO-NPs are relatively stable at − 20 mV, and the FTIR analysis identified some important functional group associated with phenolics, carboxylic acid, and amides that are responsible for reducing and stabilizing the ZnO-NPs. The synthesized ZnO-NPs demonstrated cytotoxic effects on the cell lines at higher concentrations (125 µg/mL and 250 µg/mL), complicating the interpretation of the results of the inflammatory and antioxidant assays. However, there was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the inhibitions of pancreatic lipase, alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase, indicating beneficial antidiabetic effects.