Spectroscopic Techniques Research Articles

Spectroscopic Analysis of the Effect of Ibuprofen Degradation Products on the Interaction between Ibuprofen and Human Serum Albumin.

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly used groups of medicinal compounds in the world. The wide access to NSAIDs and the various ways of storing them due to their easy accessibility often entail the problem with the stability and durability resulting from the exposure of drugs to external factors. The aim of the research was to evaluate in vitro the mechanism of competition between ibuprofen (IBU) and its degradation products, i.e., 4'-isobutylacetophenone (IBAP) and (2RS)-2-(4- formylphenyl)propionic acid (FPPA) during transport in a complex with fatted (HSA) and defatted (dHSA) human serum albumin. The research was carried out using spectroscopic techniques, such as spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The comprehensive application of spectroscopic techniques allowed, among others, for the determination of the binding constant, the number of classes of binding sites and the cooperativeness constant of the analyzed systems IBU-(d)HSA, IBU-(d)HSA-FPPA, IBU-(d)HSA-IBAP; the determination of the effect of ibuprofen and its degradation products on the secondary structure of albumin; identification and assessment of interactions between ligand and albumin; assessment of the impact of the presence of fatty acids in the structure of albumin and the measurement temperature on the binding of IBU, IBAP and FPPA to (d)HSA. The conducted research allowed us to conclude that the presence of ibuprofen degradation products and the increase in their concentration significantly affect the formation of the IBU-albumin complex and thus, the value of the association constant of the drug, changing the concentration of its free fraction in the blood plasma. It was also found that the presence of an ibuprofen degradation product in a complex with albumin affects its secondary structure.

Enhanced mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of electro-deposited NiCoP composite coatings with ZrB2 particle addition

This work was initiated with the purpose of expanding the utilization of nickel-based composite coatings, especially in wear and corrosion-related industrial applications. NiCoP coatings have long attracted scientific and engineering interest due to their enhanced mechanical properties reinforced by incorporation with a reinforcement phase. In the present study, NiCoP composite coatings reinforced with ZrB2 ceramic particles were synthesized by direct current deposition using a modified Watt’s type bath. The microstructures of composite coatings were studied by x-ray diffraction analysis, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The hardness and tribological properties of the composite coatings were evaluated and compared. The corrosion behaviors of the deposits were investigated using electrochemical spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization techniques in simulated seawater. The effect of ZrB2 content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the composite coatings was explored and discussed. The present study indicates that there is a progressive enhancement in the hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance of the composite coatings with the increase in ZrB2 loading. The NiCoP-12 g/l-ZrB2 coating possesses the highest microhardness and superior wear performance, while the NiCoP-6 g/l-ZrB2 coating exhibits the best anti-corrosion properties. The present study shows a cost-effective and feasible solution for the preparation of NiCoP protective coatings with enhanced properties, which holds great potential for industrial applications requiring wear and anti-corrosion protection.

A novel composite electrode based on graphene oxide/MnO2:h‐MoO3 particles for square wave voltammetric determination of acetaminophen

AbstractA novel composite electrode was developed based on graphene oxide (GO)/MnO2:h‐MoO3 nanocomposite for sensitive and selective voltammetric detection of acetaminophen (ACP). The composite electrode materials were characterized using X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetric (CV) techniques. In the optimum conditions, the oxidation peak current (Ipa) of ACP was increased linearly with its concentration over two linear ranges from 0.06 to 10.0 μmol L−1 and 20.0 to 80.0 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 0.0133 μmol L−1. Due to its higher selectivity and long term stability, the composite electrode was applied to the detection of ACP in pharmaceutical formulations.

Integrated Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Copper Active Site Properties of a Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase from Serratia marcescens.

In this paper, we employed a multidisciplinary approach, combining experimental techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to elucidate key features of the copper coordination environment of the bacterial lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from Serratia marcescens (SmAA10). The structure of the holo-enzyme was successfully obtained by X-ray crystallography. We then determined the copper(II) binding affinity using competing ligands and observed that the affinity of the histidine brace ligands for copper is significantly higher than previously described. UV-vis, advanced electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques, including high-energy resolution fluorescence detected (HERFD) XAS, were further used to gain insight into the copper environment in both the Cu(II) and Cu(I) redox states. The experimental data were successfully rationalized by DFT models, offering valuable information on the electronic structure and coordination geometry of the copper center. Finally, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) redox potential was determined using two different methods at ca. 350 mV vs NHE and rationalized by DFT calculations. This integrated approach not only advances our knowledge of the active site properties of SmAA10 but also establishes a robust framework for future studies of similar enzymatic systems.

Insulin amyloid fibril formation reduction by tripeptide stereoisomers.

Insulin fibrillation is a problem for diabetic patients that can occur during storage and transport, as well as at the subcutaneous injection site, with loss of bioactivity, inflammation, and various adverse effects. Tripeptides are ideal additives to stabilise insulin formulations, thanks to their low cost of production and inherent cytocompatibility. In this work, we analysed the ability of eight tripeptide stereoisomers to inhibit the fibrillation of human insulin in vitro. The sequences contain proline as β-breaker and Phe-Phe as binding motif for the amyloid-prone aromatic triplet found in insulin. Experimental data based on spectroscopy, fluorescence, microscopy, and calorimetric techniques reveal that one stereoisomer is a more effective inhibitor than the others, and cell live/dead assays confirmed its high cytocompatibility. Importantly, in silico data revealed the key regions of insulin engaged in the interaction with this tripeptide, rationalising the molecular mechanism behind insulin fibril formation reduction.

N···C═O n → π* Interaction: Gas-Phase Electronic and Vibrational Spectroscopy Combined with Quantum Chemistry Calculations.

Herein, we have used gas-phase electronic and vibrational spectroscopic techniques for the first time to study the N···C═O n → π* interaction in ethyl 2-(2-(dimethylamino) phenyl) acetate (NMe2-Ph-EA). We have measured the electronic spectra of NMe2-Ph-EA in the mass channels of its two distinct fragments of m/z = 15 and 192 using a resonant two-photon ionization technique as there was extensive photofragmentation of NMe2-Ph-EA. Identical electronic spectra obtained in the mass channels of both fragments confirm the dissociation of NMe2-Ph-EA in the ionic state, and hence, the electronic spectrum of the fragment represents that of NMe2-Ph-EA only. UV-UV hole-burning spectroscopy proved the presence of a single conformer of NMe2-Ph-EA in the experiment. Detailed quantum chemistry calculations reveal the existence of a N···C═O n → π* interaction in all six low-energy conformers of NMe2-Ph-EA. A comparison of the IR spectrum of NMe2-Ph-EA acquired from the gas-phase experiment with those obtained from theoretical calculations indicates that the experimentally observed conformer has a N···C═O n → π* interaction. The present finding might be further valuable in drug design and their recognition based on the N···C═O n → π* interaction.

The Geometric and Electronic Effects of Ceria on Promoting PdZn catalyst for Enhanced Acetylene Semi‐Hydrogenation

AbstractPdZn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) have been extensively reported for acetylene semi‐hydrogenation due to unique geometric and electronic structure of isolated Pd sites. However, to achieve high ethylene selectivity at high conversion remains challenging. Here we show the promotional role of ceria in modifying the geometric and electronic structure of PdZn IMCs towards enhanced catalytic performance for acetylene semi‐hydrogenation. The Ce (0.1 wt%) promoted Pd−Zn‐Al catalyst shows by far the best catalytic performance among other Pd based catalysts in literature, maintaining high selectivity (>95 %) and excellent stability (~130 h) at high acetylene conversion (~90 %). Using in situ spectroscopic techniques, the geometric and electronic effects of CeOx promotor were clearly elucidated. At low Ce content, the presence of highly dispersed Ce3+ species in the periphery of PdZn alloys enhanced electronic metal‐oxide interaction, resulting in electron‐rich Pd sites that promote hydrogen dissociation and ethylene desorption, and account for the outstanding catalytic performance. At high Ce content, the formation of bulk‐phase CeO2 suppressed the PdHx formation during PdZn alloying and led to phase separation yielding highly dispersed Pd ensembles, consequently lowering ethylene selectivity. Our results provide a new route for the design of PdZn catalyst by applying rare earth promoters towards high‐performance acetylene semi‐hydrogenation.

Aquivion-based spray freeze-dried composite materials for the cascade production of γ-valerolactone.

The development of multifunctional catalysts is a necessary step to effectively carry out cascade reactions, such as that from furfural to γ-valerolactone. This research effort faces the challenge posed by the intrinsic limit of how many kinds of catalytic sites a single material can bear. In this work, the application of Spray-Freeze Drying (SFD) as a synthetic technique for the preparation of a wide range of composite multi-functional catalysts is reported. Herein we show that by the proper combination of Aquivion as a highly active Brønsted acid catalyst and metal oxides as Lewis acids (LAS) enable to achieve highly unique efficient and effective dual acid composite catalysts that are able to carry out the cascade reaction from furfural to γ-valerolactone. The dual catalytic system comprised of Aq/ZrO2 with 30% polymer content prepared via spray-freeze drying exhibited GVL yields of 25% after only 2 h at 180 °C and a remarkably high productivity of 4470 µmolGVL gCat-1 h-1, one of the highest reported results. Mechanistic studies based on experimental and advanced characterisation and spectroscopic techniques, such as, SEM, TEM, 15N MAS NMR and 19F MAS NMR indicate that activity arises from the proper tuning of BAS/LAS acidic properties.

Binding and Stabilization of a Semiquinone Radical by an artificial Metalloenzyme containing a Binuclear copper (II) cofactor.

A binuclear Cu(II) cofactor was covalently bound to a lauric acid anchor. The resulting conjugate was characterized then combined with beta-lactoglobulin (βLG) to generate a new biohybrid following the so-called "Trojan horse" strategy. This biohybrid was examined for its effectiveness in the oxidation of a catechol derivative to the corresponding quinone. The resulting biohybrid did not exhibit the sought after catecholase activity, likely due to its ability to bind and stabilize the semiquinone radical intermediate DTB-SQ. This semi-quinone radical was stabilized only in the presence of the protein and was characterized using optical and magnetic spectroscopic techniques, demonstrating stability for over 16 hours. Molecular docking studies revealed that this stabilization could occur owing to interactions of the semi-quinone with hydrophobic amino acid residues of βLG.

Mechanistic Insights into the Copper‐Catalyzed Cross‐Dehydrogenative Allylic Alkynylation Reaction

AbstractAllylic functionalization reactions are an important tool for constructing many organic compounds, as they allow for the insertion of the versatile allyl group. Numerous catalytic processes have been developed, primarily utilizing noble metals such as palladium and pre‐functionalized substrates. Conversely, the copper‐catalyzed oxidative C−H derivatization route, whether thermal or photocatalyzed, remains relatively underdeveloped. This is mostly due to the lack of a general concept and corresponding mechanistic understanding. Here we present a comprehensive analysis of the mechanism of this transformation. We utilized a range of spectroscopic techniques, including UV‐Vis, NMR, and EPR, single crystal x‐ray diffraction, as well as cyclovoltammetry, and DFT calculations. We propose that there are no free organic radicals involved in this cross‐dehydrogenative coupling, and that the reaction pathway is analogous to the well‐known Karash‐Sosnovsky reaction.

Quantifying Chemical Reactions and Interfacial Properties at Buried Polymer/Polymer Interfaces.

Maleic anhydride (MAH)-modified polymers are used as tie layers for binding dissimilar polymers in multilayer polymer films. The MAH chemistry which promotes adhesion is well characterized in the bulk; however, only recently has the interfacial chemistry been studied. Sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG) is an interfacial spectroscopy technique which provides detailed information on interfacial chemical reactions, species, and molecular orientations and has been essential for characterizing the MAH chemistry in both nylon and ethyl vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) model systems and coextruded multilayer films. Here, we further characterize the interfacial chemistry between MAH-modified polyethylene tie layers and both EVOH and nylon by investigating the model systems over a range of MAH concentrations. We can detect the interfacial chemical reaction products between MAH and the barrier layer at MAH concentrations of ≥0.022 wt % for nylon and ≥0.077 wt % for EVOH. Additionally, from the concentration-dependent reaction reactant/product SFG peak positions and the product imide or ester/acid C═O group tilt angles extracted from the polarization-dependent SFG spectra, we quantitatively observe concentration-dependent changes to both the interfacial chemistry and interfacial structure. The interfacial chemistry and molecular orientation as a function of MAH concentration are well correlated with the adhesion strength, providing important quantitative information for the future design of MAH-modified tie layers for a variety of important applications.

Assessment of a Single Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Combined with an Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe for the On-Site Identification of Amnesty Bin Drugs.

The surging number of people who abuse drugs has a great impact on healthcare and law enforcement systems. Amnesty bin drug analysis helps monitor the "street drug market" and tailor the harm reduction advice. Therefore, rapid and accurate drug analysis methods are crucial for on-site work. An analytical method for the rapid identification of five commonly detected drugs ((3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), cocaine, ketamine, 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine, and chloromethcathinone)) at various summer festivals in the U.K. was developed and validated employing a single quadrupole mass spectrometer combined with an atmospheric pressure solids analysis probe (ASAP-MS). The results were confirmed on a benchtop gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instrument and included all samples that challenged the conventional spectroscopic techniques routinely employed on-site. Although the selectivity/specificity step of the validation assessment of the MS system proved a challenge, it still produced 93% (N = 279) and 92.5% (N = 87) correct results when tested on- and off-site, respectively. A few "partly correct" results showed some discrepancies between the results, with the MS-only unit missing some low intensity active ingredients (N-ethylpentylone, MDMA) and cutting agents (caffeine, paracetamol, and benzocaine) or detecting some when not present. The incorrect results were mainly based on library coverage. The study proved that the ASAP-MS instrument can successfully complement the spectroscopic techniques used for qualitative drug analysis on- and off-site. Although the validation testing highlighted some areas for improvement concerning selectivity/specificity for structurally similar compounds, this method has the potential to be used in trend monitoring and harm reduction.

Deformable microlaser force sensing

Mechanical forces are key regulators of cellular behavior and function, affecting many fundamental biological processes such as cell migration, embryogenesis, immunological responses, and pathological states. Specialized force sensors and imaging techniques have been developed to quantify these otherwise invisible forces in single cells and in vivo. However, current techniques rely heavily on high-resolution microscopy and do not allow interrogation of optically dense tissue, reducing their application to 2D cell cultures and highly transparent biological tissue. Here, we introduce DEFORM, deformable microlaser force sensing, a spectroscopic technique that detects sub-nanonewton forces with unprecedented spatio-temporal resolution. DEFORM is based on the spectral analysis of laser emission from dye-doped oil microdroplets and uses the force-induced lifting of laser mode degeneracy in these droplets to detect nanometer deformations. Following validation by atomic force microscopy and development of a model that links changes in laser spectrum to applied force, DEFORM is used to measure forces in 3D and at depths of hundreds of microns within tumor spheroids and late-stage Drosophila larva. We furthermore show continuous force sensing with single-cell spatial and millisecond temporal resolution, thus paving the way for non-invasive studies of biomechanical forces in advanced stages of embryogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tumor invasion.

Analytic and In Silico Methods to Understand the Interactions between Dinotefuran and Haemoglobin.

This work lies in the growing concern over the potential impacts of pesticides on human health and the environment. Pesticides are extensively used to protect crops and control pests, but their interaction with essential biomolecules like haemoglobin remains poorly understood. Spectrofluorometric, electrochemical, and simulations investigations have been chosen as potential methods to delve into this issue, as they offer valuable insights into the molecular-level interactions between pesticides and haemoglobin. The research aims to address the gaps in knowledge and contribute to the development of safer and more sustainable pesticide practices. The interaction was studied by spectroscopic techniques (UV-Visible & Fluorescence), in silico studies (molecular docking & molecular dynamics simulations) and electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry and tafel). The studies showed effective binding of dinotefuran with the Hb and will cause toxicity to human. The formation of a stable molecular complex between ofloxacin and hemoglobin was shown via molecular docking and the binding energy was found to -5.37 kcal/mol. Further, molecular dynamics simulations provide an insight for the stability of the complex (Hb-dinotefuran) for a span of 250 ns with a binding free energy of -53.627 kJ/mol. Further, cyclic voltammetry and tafel studies for the interaction of dinotefuran with Hb effectively.

Multicomponent synthesis of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]indole-4,9-dione derivatives.

Herein, we report a one-pot greener methodology for the synthesis of 3-(1H-indol-3-yl)-2-phenyl-1H-benzo[f]indole-4,9-dione derivatives by the multicomponent reaction of arylglyoxal monohydrate, 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinone, and indole in acetonitrile medium under reflux conditions in the presence of 10mol% sulfamic acid as a catalyst in 20-30min of reaction time. Three new bonds have formed (2 C-C, 1 C-N) in this methodology. Bioactive moieties such as indole, pyrrole and naphthoquinone are present in our product. This methodology is also applicable in gram-scale synthesis. A wide variety of substrates were tested to find the generality of the methodology and good yield of the products were obtained in a very short reaction time. Along with the operational simplicity of the methodology, purification process of the products is easier by simple recrystallization process. All the synthesized products were characterized by spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS.

Pyrones isolated from Annona acutiflora exhibit promising cytotoxic effects on cancer cell lines.

This work discusses the ongoing challenge of cancer, focusing on therapy issues such as chemotherapy resistance and adverse drug effects. It emphasizes the need for new anticancer agents with improved efficacy and fewer side effects, exploring natural products from plant sources. The Annonaceae family, specifically the Annona genus, is highlighted for its medicinal properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The study focuses on the isolation and elucidation of the substances present in Annona acutiflora leaves. The methodology involves chromatographic and spectroscopy techniques. The isolated compounds, (6S)-5'-oxohepten-1'E,3'E-dienyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (1), (6R)-5'-oxohepten-1'Z,3'E-dienyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (2) and (6R)-5'-oxohepten-1'Z,3'E-dienyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-pyran-2-one (3) were investigated for cytotoxicity assays on cancer cell lines and normal cells. Results show promising cytotoxic activity, particularly with compound 3, demonstrating potential activity against oral cancer (43.18µM), hepatocarcinoma (17.24µM), melanoma (5.39µM), and colon cancer (59.03µM). The compound outperforms carboplatin in selectivity against oral cancer (S.I. 2.15) and melanoma (S.I. 17.22). The study concludes by suggesting the potential of these α-pyrones as effective and less toxic alternatives for cancer therapy.

Mirror Plane Effect of Magnetoplumbite-Type Oxide Restraining Long-Chain Polysulfides Disproportionation for High Loading Lithium Sulfur Batteries.

A facile solid-state approach is employed to synthesize a novel magnetoplumbite-type oxide of NdMgAl11O19, which integrates spinel-stacking layers (MgAl2O4) with Nd-O6 mirror plane structures. The resulting NdMgAl11O19 exhibits remarkable catalytic activity and conversion efficiency during the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) in lithium-sulfur batteries. By employing the 2D projection mapping technique of in situ confocal Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical technique, it is discovered that the exposed mirror plane structure of Nd-O6 can effectively suppress the undesiring disproportionation reaction (S8 2-→S6 2-+1/4 S8) of long-chain lithium polysulfides at the initial stages of sulfur reduction, thereby promoting the positive process of sulfur to lithium sulfide. This not only mitigates the issue of sulfur shuttle loss but also significantly improve the kinetics of the conversion process. Leveraging these advantages, the NdMgAl11O19/S cathode delivered an impressive initial capacity of up to 1398 mAh g-1 at an electrolyte/sulfur (E/S) ratio of 5.1µL mg-1 and a sulfur loading of 2.3mg cm-2. Even when the sulfur loading is increased to 10.02mg cm-2, the cathode retained a reversible areal capacity of 10.01 mAh cm-2 after 200 cycles. This mirror engineering strategy provides valuable and universal insights into enhancing the efficiency of cathodes in Li-S battery.

Spectrophotometric determination of cobalt ions in water using bimetallic chemosensor based on sulfa drug azo dye

AbstractA spectrophotometric technique has been developed for detection of cobalt(II) ions in aqueous solution samples utilising a new chemosensor. This technique relies on the formation of a stable yellow-orange complex at pH = 13 using 4-(2-Hydroxy-naphthalen-1-ylazo)-N-thiazol-2-yl-benzenesulfonamide (H2L) as ligand through complexation with Co(II) ions. At λ = 390 nm, complex absorption was detected. A correlation coefficient of 0.9934 indicated linearity in the concentration range of (1.7–8.4 × 10–5 mol L−1). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were assigned to be 0.147 µg ml−1 (2.5 µmol L−1) and 0.489 µg ml−1 (8.3 µmol L−1),respectively. The stoichiometric composition of the complex, which is 2:1 of M:L, was confirmed by the correlation between the continuous variation results and the molar-ratio methods proposed by Job. Additionally, the structure of the solid complex that is produced when H2L reacts with Co(NO3)2.6H2O has been determined by applying different spectroscopic and analytical techniques, confirming the formation of the complex in the same molar ratio as that determined by Job’s method. The geometrical structure of the complex was confirmed to be tetrahedral by a combination of magnetic moment results and UV-Vis spectra.

Evaluation of the effect of strontium and tungsten carbide on the microstructure evolution, tribological and mechanical behaviour of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-5Sr-WC metal matrix composite

The present study focused on the experimental investigation of the metallurgical, tribological, and mechanical behavior of the developed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sr-WC (Al7075-Sr-WC) metal matrix composite. The effect of the reinforcements such as strontium and tungsten carbide (WC) along with a 2 wt% magnesium as the wetting agent during the stir casting of the synthesized aluminum metal matrix composite (MMC) was investigated by varying the weight percentages. The microstructure examination was characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. Wear analysis and mechanical testing were conducted to study the effect of WC particles in the matrix phase by examining their wear rate, tensile strength, proof strength, and hardness values. From the mechanical and tribological tests, it was observed that there was an increase of 55% in hardness and 43% in tensile strength, along with a 31% reduction in wear rate. The secondary phases revealed from XRD analysis lead to more hardness along the refined grain boundaries. The tensile strength of the composite initially increased with a 3 wt% of WC and 5 wt% strontium due to hindrance to the dislocation movement but decreased with more reinforcement particles caused by brittleness. The hard WC particles presence has reduced the wear rate significantly due to its resistance towards abrasive wear and lubricating effect. The unique combination of a grain refiner and a binder helped develop a novel composite with superior characteristics that could replace many aerospace components made up of Al7075 alloy.

Spectroscopic and antibacterial activities of cobalt and nickel nanoparticles: a comparative analysis

This study aimed to compare the spectroscopy, morphological, electrocatalytic properties, and antibacterial activities of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) with nickel nanoparticles (NiNPs). Cobalt nanoparticles and NiNPs were prepared via a chemical reduction approach and characterized utilizing transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The result from XRD and TEM analysis revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles exhibit face-centered cubic with smooth spherical shape, having average particles size of 12 nm (NiNPs) and 18 nm (CoNPs). The electrochemical properties of the nanoparticles were examined via cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The CV results showed that GCE-Ni (35.6 μA) has a higher current response compared to GCE-Co (10.5 μA). The EIS analysis revealed that GCE-Ni (1.39 KΩ) has faster electron transport capability compared to GCE-Co (2.99 KΩ) as indicated in their Rct values. The power density of the synthesized nanoparticles was obtained from their "knee" frequency (f°) values, with GCE-Ni (3.16 Hz) having higher f° values compared to GCE-Co (2.00 Hz). The antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles was evaluated against multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli O157, Escherichia coli O177, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio cholerae. The result from the antibacterial study revealed that at low concentrations both CoNPs and NiNPs have significant antibacterial activities against E. coli O157, E. coli O177, S. enterica, S. aureus, and V. cholerae. NiNPs showed better antibacterial activities at low concentrations of 61.5, 61.5, 125, 61.5, and 125 µg/mL compared to CoNPs with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 125, 125, 250, 61.5, and 125 µg/mL against E. coli O157, E. coli O177, S. enterica, S. aureus, and V. cholerae, respectively. These promising antibacterial activities emphasize the potential of CoNPs and NiNPs as effective antibacterial agents, which could aid in the development of novel antibacterial medicines.