Spectrophotometric Method For Quantitative Determination Research Articles

Validated Stability Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Determination of Anticonvulsant Drug Zonisamide in the Presence of Its Oxidative Degradation Product

Validated Stability Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for Quantitative Determination of Anticonvulsant Drug Zonisamide in the Presence of Its Oxidative Degradation Product

Development of Spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of dexamethasone in pharmaceutical preparations

This Study is concerned a fast, easy, sensitive, accurate and economical spectrophotometric method for the determination of Dexamethasone. This method based on the use of UV- spectra measurements at 242 nm.
 The linearity of the method is performed between (3 - 65) μg.ml-1, the coefficient of correlation was = 0.9998. The value of Rec% and RSD% are found at the range (95.28 -102.86)% and (0 - 0.272 )% respectively, The LOD and LOQ were (0.024and 0.081) μg.ml-1, respectively .
 The method was successfully applied to the determination of DMT in Bulk and pharmaceutical preparations

Development and Validation of a Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Sodium Diclofenac in Modified-Release Tablets

In this study, a rapid, simple, economical and accurate spectrophotometric process was developed for the determination of sodium diclofenac in modified release tablets using ethanol 96% as an available and non-toxic solvent. Sodium diclofenac standard solution was scanned under UV (200-400 nm) in a 1 cm quartz cell to determine the maximum absorption wavelength which was 285 nm. This method was validated in accordance with the requirements of the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH), where the calibration curve showed linearity in the studied concentration range (5-30 μg mL-1) with correlation coefficient R² = 0.9993. The relative standard deviation of the accuracy studies was within the acceptable range (<2%). This method also achieved an excellent recovery ratio (Mean recovery ± S.D. = 100.44% ± 0.81) with high sensitivity (limit of detection 1.10 μg mL-1 and quantitation limit of 3.34 μg mL-1). The developed process applied successfully to determine sodium diclofenac in four commercial pharmaceuticals products (A, B, C and D) marketed locally as modified-release tablets. The product C showed the highest assay value 106% and product B showed the lowest value 98%. Hence, we recommend using this method to quantitatively determine of sodium diclofenac in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of sotalol in tablets

The aim of the work. To develop a method for spectrophotometric determination of sotalol with diazonium salts. Establish optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of sotalol in drugs. Validate the developed methodology. Materials and methods. Reagents and solvents used in the study were: diazole red 2J (obtained from NVF “Sinbias”), tablets “Sotalol Sandoz” 40 mg (Salyutas Pharma GmbH, series JZ1188), “Sotalol Sandoz” 80 mg (Salyutas Pharma GmbH, series KA0464) and “Sotalol Sandoz” 160 mg (Salyutas Pharma GmbH, series JY3504), methanol (LAB-SCAN, Ireland, batch № 5120/13), sodium carbonate (Sinbias) and purified water were also used. Analytical equipment: spectrophotometer “SPECORD-200” (Analytic Jena AG, Germany), scales laboratory electronic RADWAG XA 210.4Y, bath ultrasonic Sonorex Digitec DT100H, laboratory glassware of class A. All studies were conducted in the experimental pharmaceutical research department of the scientific medical laboratory center (SMLC) of the Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. Results and discussion. The technique of spectrophotometric determination of the quantitative content of sotalol based on its reaction with red diazole in water-methanol medium has been developed. The stoichiometric ratios of the reactive components as 1:1 were obtained by the methods of continuous changes and the saturation method. Validation of the developed on such indicators as linearity, precision, correctness and robustness is carried out. Based on these data, the developed method is correct and could be used in the quality control departments of chemical and pharmaceutical companies. Conclusions. A method of quantitative spectrophotometric determination of sotalol in the tablet dosage form “Sotalol Sandoz” 40 mg, “Sotalol Sandoz” 80 mg and “Sotalol Sandoz” 160 mg of industrial production was developed, validation characteristics were investigated: linearity, precision, correctness, range of application and robustness

Development of a UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of a clopidogrel metabolite suitable for chemical and toxicological analysis

Development of a UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of a clopidogrel metabolite suitable for chemical and toxicological analysis

Validated UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of agomelatine coated tablets dosage form

Validated UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of agomelatine coated tablets dosage form

Development and validation of spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of carvedilol in tablets

INTRODUCTION: Carvedilol is in a class of medications called beta blockers. It works by relaxing blood vessels and slowing heart rate to improve blood flow and decrease blood pressure. AIM: The aim of this article is to develop a spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of carvedilol with diazonium salts, establish optimal conditions for the quantitative determination of carvedilol in drugs, and validate the developed methodology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All studies were conducted on the basis of the experimental pharmaceutical research department of the scientific medical laboratory center (NMLC) of the Zaporozhye State Medical University. Reagents and solvents: 6.25 mg carvedilol tablets (PRANAPHARMJSC, Samara, series 20717), 12.5 mg Carvedilol Canon tablets (Canonpharma Production CJSC, Russia, series 060517), 25 mg Talliton tablets (EGIS Pharmaceuticals PLC, Hungary, series 473D0617), 25 mg Carvedilol-KV tablets (OJSC Kyiv Vitamin Plant, Kyiv, Ukraine, series EF 411017), diazol red 2G (NVF Sinbias), acetone, methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, water. Analytical equipment: SPECORD-200spectrophotometer (Analytic Jena AG, Germany), ULAB S131UV spectrophotometer, RADWAG XA 210.4Y electronic laboratory scales, Sonorex Digitec DT100H ultrasonic bath. RESULTS: The technique of spectrophotometric determination of the quantitative content of carvedilol based on its reaction with red diazole in water-methanol medium has been developed. The 1:1 stoichiometric ratios of the reactive components were obtained by the methods of continuous changes and the saturation method. CONCLUSION: A spectrophotometric method of analysis for the quantitative determination of carvedilol in tablets has been developed. The method is simple, fast, accurate, and reliable. This has been proven by verification characteristics (linearity, precision, correctness and sustainability). The developed methodology is correct and can be used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid content of lyophilizate of the leaf of sweet potato leaf

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is one of the plants commonly used as traditional medicine, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetes, anti-mutagenic and to increase platelet count. The benefits of sweet potato leaves have been reported as a result of the presence of antioxidant compounds and bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic and flavonoid compounds. In this study, we validated the spectrophotometry method of total phenolic and flavonoid compound of lyophilizate of the leaves of sweet potato juices. The results showed that the coefficient correlation (r) values were 0.97389 for gallic acid standard and 0.99869 for quercetin standard; the recovery rates ranged from 105.08% to 109.92% for phenolic, and from 87.48% to 94.36% for flavonoids respectively; precision with relative standard deviation values ranged from 0.7% to 0.4% for phenolic, and from 0.9% to 0.5% for flavonoids respectively; and the detection limit (LOD) and the quantitation limit (LOQ) for phenolic were 0.0425 μg/mL and 0.128 μg/mL respectively while for flavonoids were 0.17 μg/mL and 0.5 μg/mL respectively. The method was successfully applied in the determination of phenolic and flavonoid contents of lyophilizate of sweet potato leaf juices with the average total phenolic content of 9.83mg GAE/g lyophilizate, while the average total flavonoid level was 5.11mg QE/g lyophilizate.

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF THE SUM OF SAPONINS IN THE FRUIT OF THE CHINESE TREE LYCIUM CHINENSE MILL.

The objects of the study were Mature dried fruits of Chinese birch (Lycium chinense Mill., this. Solanaceae (Solanaceae)). Four samples were examined: no. 1 (Gifts of Pamir, Russia), no. 2 (Gullin Tianhe Pharmaceutical, China), no. 3 (A. J. Alliance, Russia), №. 4 (Globaltorg, Russia). The purpose of this work is to determine the content of the sum of saponins in Chinese fruit trees by spectrophotometry.
 By direct spectrophotometry, after reaction with concentrated sulfuric acid, the content of the sum of saponins in the raw material of Chinese wood was determined. The expediency of using the spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of saponins in extracts from the fruit of Chinese wood is proved. The values of the optical density of the saponin solution were recorded at a wavelength of 250-500 nm. Analytical maxima of the studied compounds were determined at 325 nm typical for escin. Optimal conditions for the extraction of saponins from the raw materials of this plant (extractant – 40% ethanol; the ratio "raw material – extractant" – 1 : 50; extraction time – 90 minutes; the degree of grinding of raw materials – 0.5 mm) are justified. It was determined that the error of a single determination of the saponin content in Chinese fruit with a confidence probability of 95% is ±1.93%. It was found that the content of saponins in the studied samples of Chinese wood varies in the range of 4.94 to 5.03%.

A Rapid and Accurate Non Extractive Procedure For Analyzing Monocrotophos In Environmental Samples By Spectrophotometry

An organophosphorous insecticide monocrotophos is increasingly being utilized in agriculture to control insects on a broad range of crops. In this study a new reaction system using spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of monocrotophos is proposed. The method is based on the bromination of monocrotophos to form dibromomonocrotophos which react with Potassium iodide-Potassium iodate mixture in the presence of leuco malachite green (LMG) to form a water soluble greenish blue colored complex. The change in absorbance as a criterion of the bromination reaction progress was followed spectrophotometrically. To obtain t he maximum sensitivity the effective reaction variables were optimized. The absorbance maximum was observed at 620 nm. Under optimized experimental conditions calibration graph was linear over the range of 10.0-60.0 µg. The molar absorptivity of the colored system is 3.66×104 L mol-1 cm-1 and sandell’s sensitivity is 0.25×10-2 µg cm-2. The calculated detection limit was 0.44 µg mL-1. The interfering effect of various species was also investigated. The present method was successfully applied to the analysis of monocrotophos in different environmental and water samples.

Complex Processing of Rhaponticum carthamoides Rhizomes with Roots to Produce Ecdisten Substance, Total Flavonoids, and Lipid Concentrate

Ecdisten waste-recycling processes were studied for rational use of the rhizomes with roots of Rhaponticum carthamoides. Separation of flavonoids from ecdysteroids over polyamide at 25:1 and 30:1 ratios of sorbent layer height to column diameter and a 1:8 ratio of material to sorbent were proposed. It was found that the crude product should be recrystallized from 70% EtOH at a product:solvent ratio of 1:30 and the aqueous EtOH solution of total flavonoids should be condensed to one third of the initial volume followed by storage in a crystallizer for at least 8 h to obtain substance containing at least 95% total flavonoids from the crude product. A complex processing technology for rhizomes with roots of R. carthamoides that could produce substance of the adaptogen ecdisten, substance of a hypoazotemic drug based on total flavonoids, and lipid concentrate for use in cosmetology was developed. A spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination at 353 ± 2 nm of total flavonoids recalculated as luteolin was proposed.

UV spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of masitinib; extraction of qualitative information

Masitinib is an orally administered selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor. It has emerged as a promising drug for multiple diseases including cancer and inflammation in either human or veterinary medicine. Five new and simple UV spectrophotometric methods were developed for its determination in bulk and in pharmaceutical tablets. These methods are based on measuring the absorbance of masitinib in either zero order or first, second, third or fourth derivative spectra. Measurements are optimized so as to minimize excipients' interferences. The methods are suitable for micro-analysis of masitinib. The proposed methods were validated according to the ICH-Q2(R1) guidelines and was successfully applied for determination of masitinib in laboratory prepared tablet. The presented methods are simple, fast, cost‐effective and suitable for routine pharmaceutical analysis. Moreover, two derivative spectrophotometric-based methods were developed for identification of masitinib, the derivative ratio method and log-A derivative method. The impact of the developed methods on the environment was assessed by both analytical Eco-Sale and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). The present work proves how derivative spectrophotometry could greatly extract qualitative and quantitative information from UV spectra.

Validation of a UV-Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Paclitaxel in a Targeted Delivery System Based on Poly(Lactic–Glycolic Acid) Copolymer Nanoparticles

A UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of paclitaxel in a conjugate of poly(lactic-glycolic acid) (PLGA) copolymer nanoparticles and a protein vector (recombinant third domain of alpha-fetoprotein) was developed. Paclitaxel was determined at wavelength 260 ± 2 nm. The proposed method showed specificity, linearity (R2 = 0.9948) in the range 80 – 120% of paclitaxel nominal load in the polymer matrix (0.18 mg/mL), accuracy, and precision. The developed method could be recommended for inclusion in regulatory documentation for quality control of paclitaxel nanoparticles conjugated with a protein vector.

Colorimetric Determination of Paracetamol Using 9-Chloroacridine Reagent: Application to Pharmaceutical Formulations

This paper aims to develop a simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of paracetamol in aqueous medium. The method is based on the reaction between the hydrolyzed paracetamol and 9-chloroacridine reagent (9-CA). The spectra of the product show maximum absorption at 436 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range of 0.25-11 µg/mL with molar absorptivity value 5.3x103 L/mol/cm. The average recovery percentage (Rec%) is 99.27% and relative standard deviation (RSD) is :: 2.82%. In addition, the stability constant has been determined and the reaction mechanism is proposed. The method has been applied successfully for the assay of paracetamol in pharmaceutical formulations. It is found that the method does not require extraction process and it agree well with British pharmacopeia.
 

Stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of bromazepam and its degradation product.

Four simple, sensitive and selective stability indicating spectrophotometric methods are presented for quantitative determination of the benzodiazepine drug; bromazepam (BMZ) and one of its reported potential impurities and degradation product; 2-(2-amino-5-bromobenzoyl) pyridine (ABP) in methanol. Method A, is isoabsorptive point coupled with D0 method, where good linearity was obtained by measuring the absorbance of BMZ at 264nm (Aiso) in the concentration range of 2-25μgmL-1, and the absorbance of ABP at its λmax 396nm in concentration range of 0.5-24μgmL-1. Method B, is ratio subtraction; the absorbance was measured at 233nm for BMZ using 20μgmL-1 of ABP, while ABP was determined directly at its λmax 396nm using methanol as a solvent. Method C, was based on measuring the total peak amplitude of the first derivative of the ratio spectra (DD1) of BMZ from 301 to 326nm using 10μgmL-1 of ABP as a divisor and determination of ABP at peak amplitude of 293nm using 5μgmL-1 of BMZ as a divisor. In method D, ratio difference method, good linearity was achieved for determination of BMZ and ABP by measuring the differences between the amplitudes of ratio spectra at 312nm and 274nm and differences between the amplitudes of ratio spectra at 274nm and 312nm, respectively. The stability of BMZ was investigated under different ICH recommended forced degradation conditions. The suggested methods were then successfully applied for determination of BMZ in its pharmaceutical formulations.

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRICMETHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF GLIPIZIDEIN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The present work is aimed to develop a simple, rapid, selective and economical UV spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of Glipizideinbulk and pharmaceutical dosage form.
 Methods: In this method Dimethyl Form amide (DMF) was used as solvent, the absorption maxima was found to be275 nm in DMF. The developed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, ruggedness, robustness, LOD and LOQ in accordance with the requirements of ICH guideline.
 Results: The linearity was found to be 10-60 µg/ml having linear equation y=0.017x-0.006 with correlation coefficient of 0.997. The% recovery was found to be in the range of 98.7-100%. The % RSD for intra-day and inter-day precision was found to be 0.569923 and 0.40169 respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) was found to be3.06 µg/ml and 9.27 µg/ml respectively.
 Conclusion: The developed method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The novel method is applicable for the analysis of bulk drug in its pharmaceutical dosage form.

Development of simple and fast UV-method for the quantitative determination of mometasone furoate in a large number of metered doses of an aqueous nasal spray of mometasone furoate

Fast and simple spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of mometasone furoate in a single dose (single actuation) of its nasal spray was developed and validated. This method is based on the spectrophotometric analysis of turbid solution of a single spray in 20 mL isopropanol at 220–310 nm. We further show applicability of this method for analysis of large number of single sprays for the dosing homogeneity. It is based on a new approach to the development of spectrophotometric quantitative determination methods for drug products and possibly other objects, allowing measurements to be carried out on sufficiently turbid test solutions. The proposed approach is not a variant of the derivative spectrophotometry and can replace the methods of derivative spectrophotometry in cases where: derivative of analyte spectrum is not intense enough; derivative of the spectrum of the matrix (turbidity and remaining components of the product) is significant when compared with the derivative of the analyte.

Kinetics of oxidation of iron(II) ions with lipid hydroperoxides

AbstractOne of the pathways for excessive production of free radicals is the decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides catalyzed by iron. A number of hydroperoxides of unsaturated fatty acids (LOOH), some prepared in our laboratory and others extracted from biological materials, were used to determine the rate constants of Fe2+ oxidation by measuring the formation rate of Fe3+ ions in the presence of simple unidentate ligands, chloride, and thiocyanate as the [FeCl]2+ and [FeNCS]2+ complexes, in a deoxygenated dichloromethane:methanol (2:1, v/v) mixture. The rates of Fe2+ oxidation with prepared LOOHs via the [FeNCS]2+ complex were approximately the same‐the average second‐order reaction rate constant was 1390 ± 340 dm3 mol−1 s−1; the rate constants of LOOHs from different biological materials were in the same range. The rates measured as the [FeNCS]2+ complex were somewhat higher than the rates measured as the [FeCl]2+ complex, indicating that ligands could interact in the transition state, thus affecting the disruption of the intermediate complex. Since there were no significant differences in the activation thermodynamic parameters for reactions within the reaction series of studied hydroperoxides, it was assumed that the oxidation proceeded by an inner sphere mechanism, considering that the breakdown of the successor inner sphere complex with the homolytic cleavage of peroxide bonds of hydroperoxides forming reactive alkoxyl radicals was the rate‐limiting step. Based on this research, an indirect spectrophotometric method for quantitative determination of LOOH was reestimated. The microprocedure proposed for the lipid hydroperoxide assay could be applied to follow the early stages of lipid peroxidation processes in real biological samples.

Stability indicating spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of carbamazepine and its degradation product, iminostilbene, in pure form and pharmaceutical formulations.

A stressed study on the stability and degradation behavior under ICH forced degradation conditions of most widely used antiepileptic drug; carbamazepine (CMZ) is presented in this work. The research also includes studying spectrophotometric nature of CMZ and assaying it with mostly used spectrophotometric techniques. Six simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods are introduced as stability indicating methods for quantitative determination of CMZ and its degradation product, one of its reported potential impurities; iminostilbene (IMS). Dual wavelength is method I where two wavelengths (215 and 270 nm for CMZ and 258 and 307 nm for IMS) were chosen for each component while absorbance difference is zero for the second one. Method II is isoabsorptive point method where the absorbance of CMZ at A225 nm was measured in the range of 0.5-20 μg mL-1. Method III is second derivative method which allows simultaneous determination of CMZ at 247 nm and IMS at 273 nm without any interference. Method IV based on measuring the peak amplitude of first derivative of ratio spectra (1DD) at 280.5 and 253 nm for determination of CMZ and IMS, respectively. Method V is mean centering of the ratio spectra with good linearity for CMZ and IMS over 200-330 nm. Ratio difference method is method VI where good linearity was achieved for determination of CMZ and IMS by measuring differences in the amplitude of ratio spectra at 285, 258 nm and 258, 285 nm, respectively. The proposed methods show successful application in CMZ's pharmaceutical formulations.

Two spectrophotometric methods for quantitative determination of some pesticides applied for cucumber in Egypt

Specific spectroscopic techniques were validated for assay of four pesticides applied for cucumber in Egypt; mandipropamid (MAN), metalaxyl (MET), thiophenate methyl (THO) and carbendazim (CAR). First method is derivative method for the quaternary mixture of the studied pesticides; by using the first derivative THO was assayed at 281 nm, while MAN and CAR were assayed using second derivative at 236.4 and 256.2 nm, respectively and MET was assayed using third derivative at 221.6 nm. Second method is double divisor ratio spectrum derivative method that used for assay of MAN at 289 nm and MET at 233.2 nm using a double divisor of 30 μg mL−1 of each of THO and CAR, then both THO and CAR were determined at 259 and 267.4 nm, respectively, using a double divisor of 4 μg mL−1 of each of MAN and MET. The obtained results were within the acceptable range regarding to the Egyptian committee of agricultural recommendations.