Spectrophotometric Determination Of Aluminium Research Articles

Effect of Triton X-100 on the Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in the Presence of Iron(III) - Application to Various Water Samples

Effect of Triton X-100 on the Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in the Presence of Iron(III) - Application to Various Water Samples

Butan-1-ol as an extractant solvent in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction in the spectrophotometric determination of aluminium

Determining aluminium ions at μg L−1 scale currently requires either costly analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma, and/or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is designed to promote separation and preconcentration, thus making it possible to determine the analyte of interest without significant matrix influence. This study was aimed at the development of a spectrophotometric method to determine Al3+ after microextraction of its complex with quercetin. Butan-1-ol was used as a novel extractant solvent in the DLLME process. The parameters influencing complexation and microextraction, such as the amount of quercetin and volume of extractant were evaluated by univariate analysis. In optimised conditions were estimated for the proposed method: linear range from 7.5 to 165.0 μg L−1, LOD of 2.0 μg L−1, and LOQ of 7.0 μg L−1. The accuracy was checked by applying the proposed method to water (NIST SRM-1643e) and rice flour (NIST SRM-1568c) certified reference materials and spike-and-recovery trials with distinct samples (mineral water, green tea, thermal spring water, contact lens disinfecting solution, saline concentrate for hemodialysis and urine).

Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in Hemodialysis Water

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of AlIII in hemodialysis water employing alizarin red S complexing agent in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone 40 surfactant is described. The complex, formed in pH 4.5 buffered media, is detected at 510 nm. Optimal concentrations of all reagents were investigated as well as the appropriate detection wavelength. A linear analytical curve in the range of 5.0-320 µg L-1 was obtained, providing a limit of detection (3s, n = 7) of 2 µg L-1 and quantification limit of 5 µg L-1. Results were compared with those generated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) as an independent technique and method validation was also demonstrated by analysis of AccuStandard certified reference material QCS‑02-R1-5, appropriately diluted to 10 µg L-1. Equivalent results (t-test at a 95% confidence level) with a relative standard deviation of 4% were obtained. Real samples, spiked at a level of 10 µg L-1 to conforme to Brazilian legislated limits, showed recoveries between 90-110%. The procedure is simple and fit-for-purpose with sufficient detection power to screen for Al at trace levels in hemodialysis water without pre-concentration of the samples.

Preconcentration, separation and spectrophotometric determination of aluminium(III) in water samples and dialysis concentrates at trace levels with 8-hydroxyquinoline–cobalt(II) coprecipitation system

A separation–preconcentration procedure was developed for the determination of trace amounts of aluminium in water samples and dialysis concentrates by UV–vis Spectrophotometry after coprecipitation using 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) as a chelating agent and Co(II) as a carrier element. This procedure is based on filtration of the solution containing precipitate on a cellulose nitrate membrane filter following aluminium(III) coprecipitation with Co/8-HQ and then the precipitates together with membrane filter were dissolved in concentrated nitric acid. The metal contents of the final solution were determined by UV–vis Spectrophotometry with Erio Chrome Cyanine-R standard method. Several parameters including pH of sample solution, amount of carrier element and reagent, standing time, sample volume for precipitation and the effects of diverse ions were examined. The enrichment factor was calculated as 50 and the detection limits, corresponding to three times the standard deviation of the blank ( N: 10), was found to be 0.2 μg L −1. The accuracy of the method was tested with standard reference material (CRM-TMDW-500) and spiked addition. Determination of aluminium(III) was carried out in sea water, river water, tap water and haemodialysis fluids samples. The recoveries were >95%. The relative standard deviations of determination were less than 6%.

Facile Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum(III) and Copper(II) Simultaneously with Alizarin Yellow R in Aluminum-Copper Alloys

A facile, highly sensitive, and selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of aluminum and copper in different alloys. The method is based on the formation of the binary complexes of aluminum and copper with Alizarin yellow R (AYR) [5-(4-nitrophenylazo) salicylic acid] at pH 2.0 and 6.2, respectively, at wavelengths 422 and 445 nm with molar absorbtivity 1.1 × 104 l mol−1 cm−1 for each one. Aluminum and copper were thus determined in the ranges 0.4–2.0 μg ml−1 and 1.9–3.6 μg ml−1, respectively, in the presence of one to another. The detection limits were found to be 1.4 ng ml−1 of aluminum and 0.015 μg ml−1 for copper. The relative standard deviations were in all instances less than 1.3%. The proposed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of aluminum and copper in certified reference aluminum-copper alloys.

Development of a highly sensitive and selective method for extractive spectrophotometric determination of aluminum(III) from environmental matrices, synthetic mixtures, and alloys using orthohydroxypropiophenoneisonicotinoylhydrazone

Orthohydroxypropiophenoneisonicotinoylhydrazone (OHPINH) is proposed as a new sensitive reagent for the spectrophotometric determination of aluminum(III). OHPINH formed a greenish-yellow colored complex with aluminum(III) in buffer solutions of pH 1 to 3. The color in pH 2 was stable for more than 48 h. The complex solution has given maximum absorbance at 390 nm when the reagent was chosen as blank and the absorbance of the reagent at this wavelength is negligible; the molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity being 0.6371x10(4) L mol(-1) cm(-1) and 4.234x10(-3) microg cm(-2), respectively. The system obeys Beer's law in the range of 0.5-3.5 microg mL(-1) with excellent linearity in terms of the correlation coefficient value of 0.999. Most of the common metal ions generally found associated with aluminum(III) do not interfere. The repeatability of the method was checked by finding the relative standard deviation. The developed method has been successfully employed for the determination of aluminum(III) environmental matrices like medicinal and leafy samples, alloys, and synthetic mixtures.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum with m-Carboxyphenylfluorone, a Novel Chemical Probe, and Its Application

A highly spectrophotometric method for the determination of aluminum was developed. This method used the color reaction between m-carboxyphenylfluorone (MCPF) as a novel chemical probe and aluminum in the presence of a surfactant, poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP, K-90) (0.03 - 1.40 microg of aluminum in a final volume of 10 ml at 561 nm). The proposed method showed excellent sensitivity (molar absorptibity of 1.70 x 10(5) l mol(-1) cm(-1)) and reproducibility (within-day precision: RSD = 0.35% n = 6, between-day precision: RSD = 0.44% n = 6). Linearity was achieved over the range 3 - 140 microg L(-1) with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999, and the effects of foreign substances were low.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium and nickel.

A simple spectrophotometric method, based on the complexes with xylenol orange (XO) and EDTA, is presented for the rapid determination of aluminium and nickel, respectively, in synthetic samples of hydrotalcite. The method only requires the solubilization in sulphuric acid of the inorganic material before the ligand addition. Under optimum conditions, the complexes Al-XO and Ni-EDTA showed maximum absorption at 554 nm and 380 nm, respectively. The method obeyed Beer's law in the concentration range 0.14-1.8 microg mL(-1) of aluminium, and 30-2730 microg mL(-1) of nickel. Molar absorptivities were 2.45 x 10(4) and 14.85 L mol(-1) cm(-1) while Sandell's sensitivities were 1.1 x 10(-3) and 3.9 microg cm(-2) for aluminium and nickel, respectively. The standard addition technique was used and the recoveries obtained revealed that the proposed procedure shows good accuracy.

Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in the Presence of Beryllium and Lanthanide Cations

A spectrophotometric method for the selective determination of Al(III) in the presence of Be and lanthanide cations is proposed. It is based on the selective reaction of Semi-Xylenol Orange with Al(III) at pH 2.6. The presence of 8% v/v of 1,2- ethanediol serves to stabilize the chelate formed by heating for 5 min at 100 °C. 0.5 mg each of Be(II), Ce(III), La(III), 4 mg of Mn(II), 1.2 mg of Pb(II), 1 mg of Tl(I), 40 mg each of Ca(II) and Mg(II) and 1.9 mg of sodium dihydrogen phosphate are tolerable. A ligand buffer of HEDTA-Pb is incorporated to further enhance the selectivity of the color reaction. Under the specified condition Semi-Xylenol Orange reacts with Al(III) to form a 1:1 chelate, its molar absorptivity at 526 nm was found to be 3.3 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. The linear regression equation for 2–20 µg of Al(III) is A = 0.04458C + 0.0112 (here C stands for the concentration of Al(III), µg per 25 mL), and correlation coefficient γ = 0.9988. The RSD at a level of 10 µg (n = 10) and LOQ were found to be 3.5% and 2 µg respectively.

Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in the Presence of Beryllium and Lanthanide Cations

Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in the Presence of Beryllium and Lanthanide Cations

Direct Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminum Oxide in Portland Cement and Cement Clinker

Abstract A spectrophotometric study of the complexation reaction between Al3+ and Quinizarin (QUIN) is carried out to ascertain the suitability of the complex formed for direct spectrophotometric determination of aluminum. The absorbance at 550 nm, due to the aluminum-QUIN complex, formed at pH 3.8, is recommended for the determination of aluminum content of portland cement and cement clinker. The proposed method is simple and rapid and possesses reasonable selectivity. Interference of iron (III), generally present in portland cement, is eliminated by addition of ascorbic acid. The results obtained for several SRMs, portland cement samples, and a variety of cement materials demonstrate that the proposed method allows precise and accurate determination of Al2O3 content over the concentration range 1.4 to 5.75 μg/mL of aluminum. The determination of Al can be carried out successfully in absence of a masking agent by using first-derivative spectrophotometry. Verification and use of control charts in spectrophotometric determination of Al is achieved. Record of verifier response during routine operation establishes that the method is being maintained in statistical control.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium in pharmaceutical preparations by azo dyes of 1,2,4-triazole series

Azodyes, derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole and pyrocatechine: 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenylazo-1′)-1,2,4-triazole (TRIAP) and 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenylazo-1′)-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole (METRIAP), were used for spectrophotometric determination of Al. in composite pharmaceutical preparations. In aqueous-methanolic solution at pH 6.20–6.50 Al ions form stabile, orange chelates. Molar ratio L:Al. is 2:1 (TRIAP) or 3:1 (METRIAP) and stability constants, expressed by log K, are 12,604 (METRIAP) and 8,440 (TRIAP). Other components of these preparations, particularly Mg, do not disturb Al determination. The determination results were statistically calculated and compared with those obtained by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The advantage of the developed method is easy synthesis of reagents, simple analytical procedure, stability of formed complexes, good reproducibility and accuracy of results. Using TRIAP or METRIAP the elaborated spectrophotometric method is more accurate than AAS method, for defined purpose.

Direct spectrophotometric determination of aluminium oxide in Portland cement and cement clinker. An insight into the solution equilibria and analytical aspects of the aluminium–quinizarin system

A spectrophotometric study of the complexation reaction between Al3+ and quinizarin (QUIN) was carried out to ascertain the suitability of the complex formed for direct spectrophotometric determination of aluminium. The absorbance at 550 nm, due to the aluminium–QUIN complex, formed at pH 3.8, is recommended for the determination of the alumina content of Portland cement and cement clinker. The proposed method is simple and rapid and possesses reasonable selectivity. Interference of iron(III), generally present in Portland cement, is eliminated by addition of ascorbic acid. The results obtained for several SRM Portland cement samples and for a variety of cement materials demonstrate that the proposed method allows the precise and accurate determination of Al2O3 content over the concentration range 1.4–5.75 μg mL−1 of aluminium. The determination of Al can be carried out successfully in the absence of a masking agent by using first-derivative spectrophotometry. Verification and the use of control charts in the spectrophotometric determination of Al is achieved. The record of the verifier response during routine operation establishes that the method is being maintained in statistical control.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium with 2,3,7-trihydroxy-9-[4-(2,4-dihydroxy)phenylazo] phenylfluorone

The conditions of color reaction of Aluminium(III) with a new organic reagent 2,3,7-trihydroxy-9-[2,4-dihydroxy)phenylazo] phenylfluorone (ARPF) in the presence of cetyltrimethyammonium bromide (CTMAB) were studied. It was found that Aluminium(III) reacts with ARPF and CTMAB in pH 6.5 HAc-NaAc buffer solution to form a 1∶2 red complex with maximum absorption at 562 nm. The molar absorptivity is 1.10×105 L·mol−1·cm−1. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 0–5.5 μg Al(III) per 25 mL. The method has been applied to determination of Aluminium in the limestone with satisfactory results.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in Iron Ores Using Solid-Phase Extraction

In the present paper, a procedure for separation and determination of aluminium in iron matrices is proposed. It is based on the solid-phase extraction of the iron, in the form of thiocyanate complexes, by a polyurethane(PU) foam. The followings parameters were studied: effect of pH and of the thiocyanate concentration on the iron extraction, shaking time required for quantitative extraction, amount of PU foam necessary for complete extraction of iron, aluminium separation from other cations, influence of anions on the iron sorption by PU foam and analytical characteristics of the procedure for aluminium determination using methylthymol blue as chromogenic reagent. The results show that, in the pH range from 1.5 to 4.7, with a thiocyanate concentration of 0.80 mol L-1, by extraction using 1 g of polyurethane foam and a shaking time of 1 min, aluminium (40 mug) can be separated from large amounts of iron (10 mg), 800 mug of copper(II), cobalt(II), zinc(II), mercury(II), tin(IV), manganese(II) and tungsten(V); 100 mug of titanium(IV) and lead(II); and 50 mug of vanadium(V). Calcium(II), barium(II), strontium(II) and magnesium(II) can not be separated by this process, but do not react with MTB under the conditions used for aluminium determination. The anions nitrate, chloride, sulfate and acetate do not affect the iron extraction. Phosphate and EDTA must be absent. The methylthymol blue allowed the spectrophotometric determination of aluminium with molar absorptivity of 1.32 x 10(4) L mol-1 cm-1 (528 nm), calibration sensitivity of 0.491 mL g-1, detection limit of 5 ng mL-1 and dynamic interval of application of 15 ng mL-1 to 1.00 mg mL-1 and variation coefficient of 0.73%. The proposed procedure was applied for aluminium determination in iron ores and metal-base alloy standards. The obtained results did not show significant difference from the certified values.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminum and copper ions using spadns

Aluminum and copper ions are selectively estimated spectrophotometrically. These ions form colored complexes with spadns which have a maximum absorbance at 580 nm. The complexes formed with both cations are stable and pH dependant; aluminum is favorably complexed at pH 5, while copper is complexed at pH 7. The percentage recoveries were found to be 99.69 ± 0.75 and 99.32 ± 0.6 with a minimum detection limit of 0.08 and 0.23 μg ml−1 for aluminum and copper ions respectively. There is insignificant interference from the 10-fold concentrations of other metal ions under the proposed reaction conditions.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium by morin

A direct spectrophotometric method for the determination of aluminium with morin has been developed. Morin reacts in slightly acidic 50% ethanolic media (0.0001–0.0015 M H 2SO 4) with Al to give a deep-yellow chelate which has an absorption maximum at 421 nm. The average molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity were found to be 5.3 × 10 3 l mol −1 cm −1 and 5 ng of Al cm −2, respectively. The reaction is instantaneous and absorbance remains stable for 48 h. The colour system obeys Beer's law from 10 ng ml −1 to 5.0 μg ml −1 of Al; the stoichiometric composition of the chelate is 2:3 (Al:morin). The interference from over 50 cations, anions and complexing agents has been studied at 0.1 μg ml −1 of Al. The method was applied successfully to some certified reference material samples (alloys and steels), environmental waters (inland and surface), biological samples (human blood, urine and gallstone), soils and complex synthetic mixtures.

Sorption of aluminium on tri-n-butyl phosphate plasticized polyurethane foam sorbents from sodium hydroxide solution: application to the determination of aluminium in glasses and slags

A method for the selective separation of aluminium from fluorine and phosphorus in NaOH solution based on tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)-plasticized polyurethane (polyethertype) foam, and the spectrophotometric determination of aluminium at pH ≈ 5.3 using Xylenol Orange are described. The parameters affecting the quantitative extraction of aluminium were optimized. The extraction was >99.5% in the range 0.20–0.30 mol l–1 NaOH with an equilibration period of 90 min at 30 °C. Similarly, parameters affecting the elution or recovery of aluminium from the plasticized foam are also described; the recovery of aluminium was found to be >99.9% with 1 mol l–1 HCl at 60 °C.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium with 8-quinolinol in an aqueous pyridine solution.

Spectrophotometric determination of aluminium with 8-quinolinol in an aqueous pyridine solution.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Aluminium in Pure Titania after Extraction of Matrix with Tri-n-butyl Phosphate

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of traces of aluminium in titanium oxide has been described. The method was based on selective extraction of titanium as TiCl4.2TBP (TBP = tri-n-butyl phosphate) with TBP in CCI4 in 11N HCI medium. Aluminium was then determined at pH 5.3 with xylenol orange in presence of tartàric acid in aqueous medium by measuring the extinction at 530 nm. The deleterious effect of traces of titanium left unextracted in the aqueous medium has been taken care of and removed by masking with H2O2. The method obeyed Beer's Law up to 2 μg Al2O3/ml and yielded satisfactory results in its application to different titania samples.