Specific Vessel Research Articles

Molecular landscape and classification of vascular anomalies.

Vascular malformations, which result from anomalies in angiogenesis, include capillary, lymphatic, venous, arteriovenous, and mixed malformations and affect specific vessel types. Historically, treatments such as sclerotherapy and surgery have shown limited efficacy in complicated cases. Most vascular malformations occur sporadically, but some can be inherited. They result from mutations similar to oncogenic alterations, activating pathways such as PI3K-AKT-mTOR or Ras-MAPK-ERK. Recognizing these parallels, we highlight the potential of targeted molecular inhibitors, repurposing anticancer drugs for the treatment of vascular malformations. This case-based review explores recent developments in precision medicine for slow-flow and fast-flow vascular malformation.

Mission profile oriented energy efficiency and CO2 footprint assessment of naval vessels at conceptual design phase: A comparative case study of conventional and hybrid energy systems

CO2 is the main green house gas (GHG) produced in fossil fuel burning engines on ships. The growth of activities of sea-going vessels, have been increasing interest and concerns over ship-born CO2 emissions. Consequently, numerous studies have been introduced for emission estimation. Each estimation approach has its own assumptions, thus uncertainty with data of vessel activities, vessel attributes, and calculating methods. The conceptual design phase is the first phase of ship design. One of the issues addressed at this phase is the assessment of energy system alternatives of relevant ship. A ship energy system provides propulsion and electrical power. The assessment of energy system alternatives for a naval vessel is a very complicated business that has a significant impact and interaction on overall vessel integration. Naval vessels and their energy systems constitute a noteworthy part of the total world ship fleet. The present study aims to present a realistic methodology for estimating efficiency, hence CO2 emissions, for candidate energy systems of surface vessels at conceptual design phase. A frigate is selected as the case (baseline) vessel. Three energy systems, namely CODAD, CODOG, and CODLOG-CC, are proposed as alternatives for the case vessel. Instead of general emission estimation approaches, the present study proposes a mission profile-oriented estimation methodology which provides more precise and accurate results. The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) defines efficiency and sets limitation during design and construction of specific merchant vessels, but since this index does not comply with unique characteristics of mission profile of surface vessels, the novel efficiency design index defined as integral warship EEDI (IWEEDI) is implemented for the case vessel. According to the analysis, CODAD is found to be the most efficient alternative, followed by CODLOG-CC and CODOG, respectively.

Exploring the Branching Pattern of the Posterior Division of the Internal Iliac Artery: An Analysis Based on 75 Computed Tomography Angiographies

Introduction and HypothesisThe internal iliac artery stands as the main blood supplier of the pelvis, serving as the primary source of blood for the pelvic viscera while also nourishing the musculoskeletal framework within. The arterial anatomy of the pelvis exhibits a vast array of variations, especially regarding the branching pattern of the internal iliac arteries. The posterior division of the internal iliac artery (PDIIA) may also have variable topography, especially regarding the location of its origin in the pelvic region.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out to determine the anatomical variations, prevalence, and morphometric data of the PDIIA and its branches. A total of 75 computed tomography angiographies were analyzed.ResultsThe most prevalent branch of the PDIIA was the superior gluteal artery, as it was present in 114 of the studied cases (77.03%). The median diameter of the PDIIA at its origin was 6.66 mm. The median cross-sectional area of the PDIIA at its origin was set to be 34.59 mm2.ConclusionOur study highlights the critical significance of understanding the PDIIA and its branches in surgical interventions aimed at managing pelvic hemorrhage. The present study provides valuable insights into the precise localization and characteristics of the PDIIA and its branches, which are essential for surgical procedures targeting specific vessels to control bleeding effectively. Owing to the high level of variability of the branching pattern of the PDIIA, a novel classification system consisting of six types was created.

Analisis Praktik Klinik Keperawatan pada Pasien St Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) dengan Intervensi Inovasi Terapi Musik Mozart Kombinasi Eye Mask untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Tidur Pasien di Ruang ICCU RSUD Taman Husada Bontang

Heart disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Approximately 17.5 million people die each year from heart disease, accounting for a significant portion of global mortality. One of the common heart diseases in Indonesia is ACS, or acute coronary syndrome. A complete blockage of a specific coronary blood vessel results in STEMI, which completely stops blood flow and prevents the heart muscle from receiving oxygen and nutrients, ultimately leading to its death. This research aims to improve sleep quality in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction. (STEMI). The implementation of the innovative Mozart music therapy intervention, in conjunction with an eye mask, resulted in a slight improvement in the patient's sleep pattern quality. Based on the client's observation, the patient achieved a PSQI score of 8. (kualitas tidur klien buruk). From the innovations carried out, it can be concluded that Mozart music therapy is effective in improving the sleep quality of patients, but not significantly, as the score from the post-intervention results of Mozart music initially was 11 and became 8 after 3 days of intervention, indicating that the patients' sleep quality remains poor since the change in score is minimal and not very significant.

Multimodal Eye Imaging, Retina Characteristics, and Psychological Assessment Dataset

The eyes provide insights into psychology, potentially offering a distinctive perspective for psychological health profiles. However, there exist a notable deficiency in datasets that simultaneously encompass eye features and psychological assessments. To address this gap, our study presents a dataset that included Fundus Photography, Psychological Assessment, Retina Characteristics, and Multimodal Imaging (FPRM). FPRM dataset comprise fundus images at different wavelengths (548 nm and 605 nm), image of oxygen saturation for the retina and 8 specific retinal vessels, videos of retinal blood flow and pupillary light reflex, along with 61 items of multimodal quantitative measurement from 384 participants. Additionally, it features psychological assessments across five dimensions (geriatric depression, generalized anxiety disorder, insomnia, activities of daily living, and deterioration), accompanied by fundus photographs and 6 items of retina characteristics from 1683 participants. FPRM dataset is the first to integrate multimodal ophthalmic data and psychological assessments, not only advancing the development of machine learning applications but also facilitating in-depth research into the relationship between eye health and psychological health profiles.

청동기시대 無文土器의 分類에 관하여

This research reviews the purposes and methods of the classification of Mumum pottery discussed in the Korean Bronze Age research until now and argues the need for a basic classification system that considers various features, such as shape, production technology, and function. Mumun pottery has been classified based on the shape of the rim and the decorative patterns engraved at the rim of the pottery to identify the spatial and temporal aspects of the material culture of the Korean Bronze Age. There has been research on the socioeconomic aspects, such as the production and distribution of Mumum pottery, but most of them focused on specific vessels, such as the Red burnished pottery, or vessels with certain sizes that are thought to be utilized for storage purposes. To explain an aspect of a certain society through pottery, information on the total population of the pottery of the group should be assumed. The production and distribution of each pottery should be understood within the basic classification system that covers the vessel types, proportions, usage, and production technology within the production system of the group. Therefore, this research argues for the need for a total and cumulative basic classification system that considers the shape-technology-usage of pottery. This research classifies the vessel shapes of the Mumum pottery complex of the Daepyung-ri site, Jinju, which is a large settlement located in the Nam-river basin, based on the size and shape of the vessels, to establish a basic classification system of Mumun pottery. As a result, it has been observed that Mumun pottery with different shapes was produced and the proportion, the time of use, and the area of usage were different for each period. Finally, this research emphasizes the significance and need of the basic classification system of Mumun pottery by examining research cases based on the basic classification system dealing with issues such as the technological tradition within a group, the spread and expansion of technology between different groups, the estimation of a group’s social boundary, and issues relevant to social change.

Knowledge Graphs underpinning ship digital twins for decarbonisation options assessment

We propose the concept of a Knowledge Graph as a data management and inference machinery that underpins digital twins of ships. The Knowledge Graph is a directed graph connecting dependent and independent model variables of interest in the digital twin, where the correlations between variables are continuously updated based on data received from the physical ship. The paper outlines a methodology for constructing the Knowledge Graph and proposes metrics that help to calculate the effectiveness of decarbonization solutions based on changes to the strength of data correlations. The proposed methodology allows for the extrapolation of decarbonization technology potential across specific vessels, fleets, operational patterns, and lifecycle phases.

Pottery spilled the beans: Patterns in the processing and consumption of dietary lipids in Central Germany from the Early Neolithic to the Bronze Age.

The need to better understand economic change and the social uses of long-ago established pottery types to prepare and consume food has led to the study of 124 distinct ceramic vessels from 17 settlement and funerary sites in Central Germany (present day Saxony-Anhalt). These, dated from the Early Neolithic (from 5450 cal. BCE onwards) to the Late Bronze Age (1300-750 cal. BCE; youngest sample ca. 1000 BCE), include vessels from the Linear Pottery (LBK), Schiepzig/Schöningen groups (SCHIP), Baalberge (BAC), Corded Ware (CWC), Bell Beaker (BBC), and Únětice (UC) archaeological cultures. Organic residue analyses performed on this assemblage determined the presence of vessel contents surviving as lipid residues in 109 cases. These were studied in relation to the changing use of settlement and funerary pottery types and, in the case of burials, to the funerary contexts in which the vessels had been placed. The obtained results confirmed a marked increase in the consumption of dairy products linked to innovations in pottery types (e.g., small cups) during the Funnel Beaker related Baalberge Culture of the 4th millennium BCE. Although the intensive use of dairy products may have continued into the 3rd millennium BCE, especially amongst Bell Beaker populations, Corded Ware vessels found in funerary contexts suggest an increase in the importance of non-ruminant products, which may be linked to the production of specific vessel shapes and decoration. In the Early Bronze Age circum-Harz Únětice group (ca. 2200-1550 BCE), which saw the emergence of a highly hierarchical society, a greater variety of animal and plant derived products was detected in a much more standardised but, surprisingly, more multifunctional pottery assemblage. This long-term study of lipid residues from a concise region in Central Europe thus reveals the complex relationships that prehistoric populations established between food resources and the main means to prepare, store, and consume them.

Marfan and Loeys-Dietz aortic phenotype: A potential tool for diagnosis and management

ObjectiveIn heritable aortic diseases, different vascular involvement may occur with potential variable implications in aortic dilation/dissection risk. This study aimed to analyze the aortic anatomy of individuals with Marfan syndrome and Loeys-Dietz syndrome to identify possible morphological differences. MethodsComputed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracoabdominal aorta from the proximal supra-aortic vessels to the femoral bifurcation level of 114 patients with Marfan and Loeys-Dietz syndromes and 20 matched control subjects were examined. Aortic diameters, areas, length, and tortuosity were measured in different aortic segments using specific vessel analysis software. ResultsPatients with Marfan syndrome showed a higher prevalence of ascending aorta and aortic root dilation (P = .011), larger and longer aortic roots (P = .013) with pear-shaped phenotype, larger isthmus/descending aorta diameter ratio (P = .015), and larger suprarenal aorta and iliac arteries. Patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome showed longer indexed segments and a significantly longer arch (P = .006) with type 2/3 arch prevalence (P = .097). Measurement ratios analysis provided cut-off values (aortic root to ascending aorta length/aortic root diameter, aortic root/sinotubular junction, aortic root/ascending aorta diameter) differentiating patients with Marfan syndrome from patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome, even in the early stage of the disease. ConclusionsBoth syndromes show peculiar anatomic patterns at different aortic levels irrespective of aortic dilation and disease severity. These features may represent the expression of different genetic mutations on aortic development, with a potential impact on prognosis and possibly contributing to better management of the diseases. The systematic adoption of whole body imaging with magnetic resonance or computed tomography should always be considered, because they allow a complete vascular assessment with practical indicators of differential diagnosis.

Numerical Modeling of Melt Flow and Mixing in an Inductively Stirred Ladle and Comparison with Gas and Mechanical Stirring

Fluid flow and mixing in an inductively stirred ladle are modeled mathematically. The effect of two modes of electromagnetic stirring on motion is simulated; one produces a predominantly swirling motion (as in mechanical, paddle‐stirred ladle), while the other generates an upwelling, toroidal motion (as in gas‐stirred ladle). Two different ANSYS software programs, namely, Maxwell‐3D and Fluent, are applied to carry out numerical simulations. In the former, 3D Maxwell's equations are solved to estimate, a priori, the distribution of Lorentz force within the melt phase due to the imposed three‐phase, alternating current excitation of copper coils, while in the latter, time‐averaged magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulent flow equations are solved to yield the electromagnetically driven flow field. Model predictions are validated against published results and it is shown that the electromagnetic as well as turbulent‐MHD models developed in this work are robust and perform sufficiently accurately. Finally, numerically predicted results together with relevant published work indicated that at equivalent specific input stirring power and identical vessel shape and volume, mixing is fastest in electromagnetic stirring with a traveling magnetic field (producing an upwelling toroidal motion), followed by mechanical agitation, gas stirring, and electromagnetic stirring with a rotating magnetic field (inducing swirling flow).

Unraveling the complexity of vascular tone regulation: a multiscale computational approach to integrating chemo-mechano-biological pathways with cardiovascular biomechanics

Vascular tone regulation is a crucial aspect of cardiovascular physiology, with significant implications for overall cardiovascular health. However, the precise physiological mechanisms governing smooth muscle cell contraction and relaxation remain uncertain. The complexity of vascular tone regulation stems from its multiscale and multifactorial nature, involving global hemodynamics, local flow conditions, tissue mechanics, and biochemical pathways. Bridging this knowledge gap and translating it into clinical practice presents a challenge. In this paper, a computational model is presented to integrate chemo-mechano-biological pathways with cardiovascular biomechanics, aiming to unravel the intricacies of vascular tone regulation. The computational framework combines an algebraic description of global hemodynamics with detailed finite element analyses at the scale of vascular segments for describing their passive and active mechanical response, as well as the molecular transport problem linked with chemo-biological pathways triggered by wall shear stresses. Their coupling is accounted for by considering a two-way interaction. Specifically, the focus is on the role of nitric oxide-related molecular pathways, which play a critical role in modulating smooth muscle contraction and relaxation to maintain vascular tone. The computational framework is employed to examine the interplay between localized alterations in the biomechanical response of a specific vessel segment—such as those induced by calcifications or endothelial dysfunction–and the broader global hemodynamic conditions—both under basal and altered states. The proposed approach aims to advance our understanding of vascular tone regulation and its impact on cardiovascular health. By incorporating chemo-mechano-biological mechanisms into in silico models, this study allows us to investigate cardiovascular responses to multifactorial stimuli and incorporate the role of adaptive homeostasis in computational biomechanics frameworks.

Quantitative multiplex immunohistochemistry reveals inter-patient lymphovascular and immune heterogeneity in primary cutaneous melanoma.

Quantitative, multiplexed imaging is revealing complex spatial relationships between phenotypically diverse tumor infiltrating leukocyte populations and their prognostic implications. The underlying mechanisms and tissue structures that determine leukocyte distribution within and around tumor nests, however, remain poorly understood. While presumed players in metastatic dissemination, new preclinical data demonstrates that blood and lymphatic vessels (lymphovasculature) also dictate leukocyte trafficking within tumor microenvironments and thereby impact anti-tumor immunity. Here we interrogate these relationships in primary human cutaneous melanoma. We established a quantitative, multiplexed imaging platform to simultaneously detect immune infiltrates and tumor-associated vessels in formalin-fixed paraffin embedded patient samples. We performed a discovery, retrospective analysis of 28 treatment-naïve, primary cutaneous melanomas. Here we find that the lymphvasculature and immune infiltrate is heterogenous across patients in treatment naïve, primary melanoma. We categorized five lymphovascular subtypes that differ by functionality and morphology and mapped their localization in and around primary tumors. Interestingly, the localization of specific vessel subtypes, but not overall vessel density, significantly associated with the presence of lymphoid aggregates, regional progression, and intratumoral T cell infiltrates. We describe a quantitative platform to enable simultaneous lymphovascular and immune infiltrate analysis and map their spatial relationships in primary melanoma. Our data indicate that tumor-associated vessels exist in different states and that their localization may determine potential for metastasis or immune infiltration. This platform will support future efforts to map tumor-associated lymphovascular evolution across stage, assess its prognostic value, and stratify patients for adjuvant therapy.

Fighter Pilot Syndrome: A Bow Hunter Syndrome Variant Identified With Dynamic Cerebral Angiography

Background Dynamic compression of extracranial arteries in the cervicocerebral circulation is a rare phenomenon of ischemic stroke. Methods Retrospective chart review. Results Here, we present a young fighter pilot who presented with recurrent embolic strokes of undetermined source. He endorsed flying fighter jets for 6 years, during which he was subject to high G‐force loads and extensive in‐flight head maneuvers. Extensive workup identified dynamic arterial compression of his right vertebral artery, which entered the transverse foramen at the C4 level. Dynamic cerebral angiography was used to reveal the specific vessel location and provocative maneuver leading to dynamic occlusion of his right vertebral artery. Conclusion This case highlights the utility of dynamic cerebral angiography in identifying previously unexplored causes of arteriogenic emboli formation, particularly in patients with predisposing anatomic and clinical risk factors.

Glaucoma Surgery and Ocular Blood Flow in Colour Doppler Imaging: Is There a Link?

Glaucoma is a common cause of blindness worldwide. This disease is characterised by increased intraocular pressure (IOP) and the concomitant disruption of ocular haemodynamic. Several studies have demonstrated that trabeculectomy is associated with changes in extraocular blood flow. In this study, we reviewed the available evidence on the use of colour Doppler imaging to evaluate and manage patients with open-angle glaucoma. We present the detailed anatomy of ocular blood flow to provide a background for the research findings. We also discuss the physiological foundations of ocular blood flow and detailed flow characteristics of specific extraocular vessels. Finally, we reviewed published studies that analysed the effects of glaucoma surgery on the blood flow parameters of the eye.

Mathematical and computer modeling of automatic control in the presence of disturbances

One of the most important tasks of the automatic motion control system in real operating conditions is to compensate for the influence of disturbances acting on the object, taking into account the peculiarities of its dynamics. This article presents a method for calculating the coefficients of automatic control, which provides a minimum of the size of the set of reactions to non-deterministic external influences, limited by the norm, and the necessary location of the roots of the characteristic polynomial of a system closed by such control. The specified algorithm is implemented in MATLAB and tested on the example of a specific marine vessel. Based on the simulation results, a conclusion is made about the acceptable quality of the generated algorithm.

Analysis of the current state of ship monitoring systems and ways to their improving

This article provides a comprehensive review of the K-Chief 600 system, yielding essential conclusions regarding its features. It shows next advantages: Time Savings and Efficiency, the K-Chief 600 system affords vessel operators real-time access to critical data and controls, leading to time savings and ensuring the vessel's efficient operation; User-Friendly Interface, the system's interface is designed for quick adaptation by operators, facilitating easy monitoring and control of various ship equipment aspects; Reporting and Analysis Capabilities, the system offers reporting and data analysis capabilities crucial for logging, equipment performance analysis, and maintenance planning; Flexibility and Expandability, its modular design renders the system flexible and expandable, enabling adaptation to specific vessel needs. Beside of pointed advantages, also disadvantages taking place, such an: High Costs and Installation, a major drawback may be the high cost of the K-Chief 600 system, potentially limiting its accessibility to certain operators; Need for Personnel Training, effective system utilization requires training for operators and vessel personnel, constituting a time-consuming and expensive process; Dependence on Electronic Systems, similar to any electronic system, there is a risk of failure or malfunctions, necessitating specific spare parts and technical support. In line with pointed advantages and disadvantages, there are some ways to improve such a systems: Increased Accessibility, developers could explore avenues to reduce the system's cost, making it more accessible to a broader range of operators; Increased Automation, expanding functionality for greater automation of control and monitoring processes can enhance shipping efficiency and safety; Reliability and Cybersecurity, continuously updating the system to enhance reliability and protect against cyber threats is a critical aspect of further improvement. In summary, the K-Chief 600 system proves to be a powerful tool for shipboard control and monitoring. However, cost considerations, personnel training, and safety concerns must be factored in for its effective use.

Making Vessels for the Dead: Pottery-Making Practices, Chaîne Opératoire and the Use of Grog (Crushed Sherds) as a Technological and Cultural Choice during Late and Inca Periods in the Northwestern Argentine Region (Southern Andes)

Abstract Pottery-making practices have been approached by the use and application of the concept of chaîne opératoire in different parts of the world. This concept has allowed researchers to re-evaluate the social dimensions of technological studies as well as to explore aspects related to technical and social identity of ancient and modern artisans. In this article, we examine the use of grog (crushed sherds) to temper specific ceramic vessels (infant funerary urns) as material practice often used by ancient potters during Late (c. 950–1450 AD) and Inca (c. 1450–1532 AD) Periods in the Northwestern Argentine (NWA) region. The research shows that this practice can be understood as a ritual material practice with a long-standing tradition in the NWA region. Additionally, several alternative interpretations of this practice are explored in the light of different – animistic – understandings of how the Andean world works, and how people interact each other, with material things, and with landscape.

Biomimetic crimped/aligned microstructure to optimize the mechanics of fibrous hybrid materials for compliant vascular grafts

The precise mechanical properties of many tissues are highly dependent on both the composition and arrangement of the nanofibrous extracellular matrix. It is well established that collagen nanofibers exhibit a crimped microstructure in several tissues such as blood vessel, tendon, and heart valve. This collagen fiber arrangement results in the classic non-linear ‘J-shaped’ stress strain curve characteristic of these tissues. Synthetic biomimetic fibrous materials with a crimped microstructure similar to natural collagen demonstrate similar mechanical properties to natural tissues. The following work describes a nanofabrication method based on electrospinning used to fabricate two component hybrid electrospun fibrous materials that mimic the microstructure and mechanical properties of vascular tissue. The properties of these samples can be precisely and predictably optimized by modifying fabrication parameters. Tubular grafts with biomimetic microstructure were constructed to demonstrate the potential of this fabrication method in vascular graft replacement applications. It was possible to closely match both the overall geometry and the compliance of specific blood vessels by optimizing graft microstructure.

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing detection with machine learning

Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing is a worldwide problem that causes local and global economic losses, depletes natural resources, alters our diverse ecosystems and takes an undue toll on fisheries. This study describes a machine learning-based strategy for response generation. Identifying data storage and processes has led to the initial development of a viable IUU fishing detection system that classifies vessels for IUU fishing by combining (1) the likelihood that a vessel is fishing using geospatially referenced signal data, and (2) whether or not it is classified The likelihood of fish activity is scored for ships to be within the area of interest, and (3) classification of whether the vessel is allowed to enter its habitable area of interest. In this paper, certain parts of the system were prototyped, including using logistic regression to develop highly predictive catch or no-fish classification models for longlines and trawlers, and identifying whether a vessel was within an area of interest process. In addition, many fishing vessel registries have been identified, which regulate the rights of specific vessels to fish in regulated areas of interest. The accuracy with which fishing models can predict the probability of fishing when vessels have longline or trawl gear is acceptable, and can predict vessels with seine gear, but additional research and analysis are needed. "In ROI" classification models should be extended to score their likelihood of being in ROI instead of outputting true/false judgments. Using machine learning and data analysis skills, the project aims to make further efforts to predict IUU fishing in order to enable law enforcement and ultimately significantly reduce or prevent IUU fishing.

CD2AP impacts Alzheimer’s disease through brain vascular function

AbstractBackgroundCerebrovascular impairment is a key aspect of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathogenesis. Brain vascular defects appear early in the disease process and are associated with cognitive dysfunction. CD2‐associated protein (CD2AP), a scaffolding protein involved cytoskeleton remodeling and membrane trafficking, is an important predisposing factor for the disease. The protein is enriched in brain endothelial cells (BECs) that forms the brain vessels, suggesting that CD2AP might contribute to AD cerebrovascular dysfunction.MethodIn this study, we used brain samples from AD volunteers, genetically modified mouse models, awake two‐photon microscopy and cell culture to investigate the function of CD2AP in the brain vasculature.ResultWe found that AD individuals with lower levels of brain vascular CD2AP displayed the poorest cognitive performance. Genetic depletion of CD2AP in BECs compromised memory function, cerebral blood flow and increased vessels vulnerability to amyloid‐beta. In BECs, CD2AP controlled the levels and signaling of Apolipoprotein E Receptor 2 (ApoER2) and activation of this pathway with Reelin glycoprotein in mice depleted of endothelial CD2AP mitigated the toxic effects of peptide.ConclusionIn sum, deregulation of endothelial CD2AP drives cerebrovascular dysfunction, and harnessing the biology of specific brain vessel types may offer a refined therapeutic avenue for the treatment of AD.