Specific Strength Research Articles

Research on Optimized Design of Fiber Reinforced All-purpose Snowboard Production

The successful holding of the Beijing Winter Olympics has urged the ice-snow sports greatly in China. As an important snow sports, snowboarding is becoming more and more popular with sports enthusiasts, and the demand for skiing equipment is increasing greatly. But the finished products cannot meet the growing consumer market, and how to choose and manufacture more in line with demanding snowboards has become a major concern. With good performance on specific strength, fatigue resistance, thermal stability, fiber reinforced composite material has become the mainstream equipment, covering more market proportion. This paper starts with the material selection and production process of snowboard, and discusses a production design scheme which is more suitable for the individual needs of consumers.

Non-classical correlations and coherence in a two-dimensional electron gas under the influence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling

This investigation delves into the dynamics of quantum correlations and coherence within a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) system, taking into account the influence of Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC). We utilize metrics such as logarithmic negativity ([Formula: see text]), local quantum uncertainty (LQU ([Formula: see text])), and relative entropy of coherence ([Formula: see text]) to specifically assess these quantum resources among electron spins within non-interacting electron gases. Our study investigates how the separation distance (R) between electrons and the intensity of Rashba SOC ([Formula: see text]), impact the behavior of quantum properties within the 2DEG system. We find that specific strengths of Rashba SOC can effectively regulate quantum correlations and coherence within this system. Particularly significant is our observation that optimal quantum indicators emerge when electron proximity is minimized, underscoring the substantial influence of electron distance on quantum characteristics. Conversely, as electron separation increases, these quantum metrics diminish. Therefore, by adjusting the Rashba parameter, we can enhance the resilience of these quantum measurements against increasing electron separations, providing valuable insights into the potential for controlling and manipulating quantum behavior in similar 2DEG systems.

Investigation of Optical Interconnects for nano-scale VLSI applications

The relentless trend toward miniaturization has brought interconnects to the brink of communication bottlenecks, operating at or near their ampacity (current carrying capacity) limits. This degradation in performance necessitates novel technologies with increased ampacity. This study explores optical interconnect (OI) as a potential future technology, offering high-bandwidth communication and low latency. This study models and simulates OI, integrating recent optical device advancements with modest modulator and detector capacitance (50 fF). Performance metrics including signal delay, power dissipation, and power-delay-product (PDP) are compared across copper (Cu) and single-wall carbon nanotube bundle (SWCNT-B) interconnects at 22 nm and 14 nm technology nodes. Results consistently show OI, with an active voltage current feedback (AVCF) based regulated gain cascode (RGC) transimpedance amplifier (TIA) receiver, outperforms Cu and SWCNT-B interconnects at global lengths and beyond. For instance, at 1000 μm and 22 nm, OI exhibits 88.47 % and 62.15 % delay improvements over Cu and SWCNT-B, respectively. This trend persists at 14 nm, with OI showing 93.68 % and 84.29 % delay improvements, respectively. Additionally, OI surpasses Cu and SWCNT-B in power efficiency beyond a critical length. As interconnects extend to global scales and beyond, the differences in delay, power, and PDP between OI and electrical interconnect increases, highlighting OI's advantages for future VLSI IC applications.

Achieving excellent strength-ductility balance in the lightweight refractory high-entropy alloy by incorporating aluminum

Refractory high-entropy alloys (RHEAs) have garnered widespread attention as a novel class of alloys with promising applications in high-temperature environments. However, their limited ductility has constrained their engineering application. In this study, a Ti40Zr40Nb10Ta10 base alloy with enhanced ductility was chosen, and various amounts of Al were added to investigate the microstructure and mechanical behavior of these alloys. The addition of Al aimed to trigger the cocktail effect while simultaneously enhancing the specific strength of alloys. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were employed to investigate the phase composition and microstructure, revealing that the addition of Al promoted the formation of a B2 structure. With the incorporation of Al, both the yield strength and hardness of alloys increased. When the Al content reached to 8 at.%, the alloy achieved an optimal strength-ductility balance (yield strength 1030 MPa, elongation 13.4 %). The strengthening contribution was calculated and indicated that solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening are the two main methods. While the excellent ductility is contributed by the cross-slip of dislocations, the presence of kink bands accommodated dislocation slip and reduced stress concentration, enhancing the elongation. This study reports a system of RHEAs with excellent room-temperature strength-ductility balance, shedding light on its potential engineering applications.

Influence of hydrogen on the elastic properties and dislocation behavior in Fe–Cr and Fe–Ni alloys by DFT calculations

The effect of interstitial hydrogen on the elastic properties of bcc Fe, bcc Fe–Cr, and bcc Fe–Ni was investigated using density functional theory calculations. Our results indicate that the elastic moduli decrease linearly with increasing hydrogen concentration. The consequences of hydrogen for the mechanical properties of bcc Fe, bcc Fe–Cr, and bcc Fe–Ni were analyzed, considering various factors such as the ideal shear stress, Peierls stress, number of dislocation pile-ups, and critical crack growth lengths. At the same hydrogen concentration, compared to the bcc Fe and bcc Fe–Ni systems, fewer dislocation pile-ups and shorter critical crack growth lengths can facilitate the nucleation and propagation of cracks in the bcc Fe–Cr system. Finally, we propose a mechanism to explain the influence of Cr and Ni on hydrogen embrittlement.

Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Multifunctional Bio-inspired Vertical Honeycomb Sandwich Structures: For the Application of Lightweight Bipolar Plates of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells

The bipolar plate (BPP) is a crucial component of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). However, the weight of BPPs can account for around 80% of a PEMFC stack, posing a hindrance to the commercialization of PEMFCs. Therefore, the lightweight design of BPPs should be considered as a priority. Honeycomb sandwich structures meet some requirements for bipolar plates, such as high mechanical strength and lightweight. Animals and plants in nature provide many excellent structures with characteristics such as low density and high energy absorption capacity. In this work, inspired by the microstructures of the Cybister elytra, a novel bio-inspired vertical honeycomb sandwich (BVHS) structure was designed and manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) for the application of lightweight BPPs. Compared with the conventional vertical honeycomb sandwich (CVHS) structure formed by LPBF under the same process parameters setting, the introduction of fractal thin walls enabled self-supporting and thus improved LPBF formability. In addition, the BVHS structure exhibited superior energy absorption (EA) capability and bending properties. It is worth noting that, compared with the CVHS structure, the specific energy absorption (SEA) and specific bending strength of the BVHS structure increased by 56.99% and 46.91%, respectively. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to study stress distributions in structures during bending and analyze the influence mechanism of the fractal feature on the mechanical properties of BVHS structures. The electrical conductivity of structures were also studied in this work, the BVHS structures were slightly lower than the CVHS structure. FEA was also conducted to analyze the current flow direction and current density distribution of BVHS structures under a constant voltage, illustrating the influence mechanism of fractal angles on electrical conductivity properties. Finally, in order to solve the problem of trapped powder inside the enclosed unit cells, a droplet-shaped powder outlet was designed for LPBF-processed components. The number of powder outlets was optimized based on bending properties. Results of this work could provide guidelines for the design of lightweight BPPs with high mechanical strength and high electrical conductivity.

Parametrically enhancing sensor sensitivity at an exceptional point

We propose a scheme to enhance the sensitivity of non-Hermitian optomechanical mass sensors. The benchmark system consists of two coupled optomechanical systems where the mechanical resonators are mechanically coupled. The optical cavities are driven either by a blue-detuned or red-detuned laser to produce gain and loss, respectively. Moreover, the mechanical resonators are parametrically driven through the modulation of their spring constant. For a specific strength of the optical driving field and without parametric driving, the system features an exceptional point (EP). Any perturbation to the mechanical frequency (dissipation) induces a splitting (shifting) of the EP, which scales as the square root of the perturbation strength, resulting in a sensitivity-factor enhancement compared with conventional optomechanical sensors. The sensitivity enhancement induced by the shifting scenario is weak as compared to the one based on the splitting phenomenon. By switching on parametric driving, the sensitivity of both sensing schemes is greatly improved, yielding to a better performance of the sensor. We have also confirmed these results through an analysis of the output spectra and the transmissions of the optical cavities. In addition to enhancing EP sensitivity, our scheme also reveals nonlinear effects on sensing under splitting and shifting scenarios. This work sheds light on mechanisms of enhancing the sensitivity of non-Hermitian mass sensors, paving a way to improve sensors performance for better nanoparticles or pollutants detection and for water treatment. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Synthesis parameters and formulation of metakaolin based geopolymer matrix composites for high‐temperature applications (1150°C)

AbstractGeopolymer matrix composites (GMCs) are actively being developed for high‐temperature applications. In this work, we investigated different composite preparation parameters, such as the elaboration conditions (time, temperature and pressure) and composite dimensions (number of folds and surface area). In addition, we studied the effect of alkali cations (NaK or K), on metakaolin based geopolymer matrix composition, and textile type (N312, N610) of the composites on fiber–matrix interactions in high‐temperature geopolymer composites and their flexural behavior. The process we ultimately selected was as follows: an 8.5‐fold composite of surface area 100 cm2 was pressed for 2 h at 120°C. After thermal treatment at 1150°C, composites containing the N312 textile with B2O3 showed greater heterogeneity, viscous flow and lower flexural strength (7 MPa) due to fiber–matrix interactions. In contrast, above 1150°C, composites with the N610 textile had no fiber–matrix interactions and showed greater flexural strength (51 MPa). The specific flexural strength correlated well with the overmodifying element ratio based on the composite composition. In fact, the presence of viscous flow suggested that boron and some aluminum atoms could act as network modifiers. Thus, the two ratios were or depending on the presence of viscous flow.

Insights into the role of tungsten on corrosion behavior of high-strength Ti alloys

High-performance titanium alloys with good corrosion resistance are expected to be applied in marine environments. In this work, we developed a Ti20W alloy using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion, which combined remarkable mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance. The Ti20W alloys exhibited ultrahigh strength (>1400 MPa) and good ductility (>7%), and the specific yield strength was comparable to the common high-strength Ti alloys. The ultrahigh-strength Ti20W alloys had characteristics of the solid solution of W atoms and the precipitation of fine α phases. Compared with Ti6Al4V alloy, the Ti20W alloys showed lower corrosion current density values in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution, which was attributed to the solid solution of W elements and the finer α phases. The W oxides, particularly WO3, acted as the barrier to effectively block the penetration of Cl− into the inner oxide layer, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance. The fine α phases could be bridged by the surrounding matrix oxides during the passivation process, which contributed to decreasing the galvanic corrosion between the α phases and the matrix, further improving the corrosion resistance.

Blended and Collaboration-Based Learning Management Model to Enhance Mobile Website User Experience (UX) Design Skills

This study presents a collaborative learning model designed to enhance mobile website design skills with a focus on user experience (UX). The model, assessed by nine experts across utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy, demonstrates high-quality scores, reflecting substantial agreement and effectiveness. Specific strengths include the model’s adaptability to the curriculum (4.56) and its applicability to university students (4.44). Areas for improvement, with mean values of 3.89, highlight opportunities for refinement, particularly in the appropriateness of learning processes and the precision of details within activities. Synthesizing steps from cooperative, blended, and Project-Based Learning, the model aligns with Stufflebeam’s framework, emphasizing high feasibility, utility, propriety, and accuracy. Comparative insights with previous research validate its strength across diverse educational contexts. The model’s success, proven through evaluation and refinement, carries significant implications for education by enhancing both technical skills and a holistic understanding of user experiences in mobile web design. Despite acknowledged limitations, the collaborative learning model invites continued exploration and adaptation, ensuring its relevance in the evolving landscape of educational practices.

Structure and mechanical properties of low-density AlCrFeTiX (X = Co, Ni, Cu) high-entropy alloys produced by spark plasma sintering

In this study, low-density (< 6 g/cm3) AlCrFeTiX (x = Co, Ni, Cu) high-entropy alloys were produced by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering (SPS), and their structures and mechanical properties after SPS and annealing at 1000 °C for 24 h were reported. Both after SPS and annealing, the AlCrFeTiX (x = Co, Ni, Cu) alloys consisted of an L21 matrix phase with embedded bcc and C14 Laves phase particles. All the alloys had a nano-sized structure after SPS that retained in the AlCrFeTiCo and AlCrFeTiNi alloys after annealing. In the AlCrFeTiCu alloy, the annealing led to a coarsening, with an increase in the size of structural constituents above 1 μm. Compression tests showed that the AlCrFeTiX (x = Co, Ni, Cu) alloys after SPS were brittle at 25 °C, but the AlCrFeTiCo alloy exhibited the highest peak strength of 3792 MPa. At 600 °C, the AlCrFeTiCo alloy after SPS also demonstrated the best performance, with the yield strength, peak strength, and plastic strain of 1960 MPa, 2121 MPa, and 1.8 %, respectively. The annealing did not eliminate the room-temperature brittleness, but improved the mechanical properties at 600 °C. The AlCrFeTiCo alloy showed a 15 %-increase in yield strength (2264 MPa) and more than 2.5 times higher compressive plasticity (4.7 %). The AlCrFeTiNi alloy became more ductile (1 %) and stronger (2200 MPa). For the AlCrFeTiCu alloy, the annealing had a negative effect that resulted in a halved plasticity at 600 °C. The AlCrFeTiCo and AlCrFeTiNi alloys after annealing showed record-high specific yield strength values at 600 °C, which were 383 and 371 MPa*cm3/g, respectively. With these values, the AlCrFeTiCo and AlCrFeTiNi alloys outperformed all the low-density medium-/high-entropy alloys available in literature to date obtained both by SPS or conventional casting. The structure formation and mechanical properties, as well as the response of these features to annealing, were extensively discussed.

Tough Cortical Bone-Inspired Tubular Architected Cement-Based Material with Disorder.

Cortical bone is a tough biological material composed of tube-like osteons embedded in the organic matrix surrounded by weak interfaces known as cement lines. The cement lines provide a microstructurally preferable crack path, hence triggering in-plane crack deflection around osteons due to cement line-crack interaction. Inspired by this toughening mechanism and facilitated by a hybrid (3D-printing/casting) process, the study engineers architected tubular cement-based materials with the stepwise cracking toughening mechanism, that enables a non-brittle fracture. Using experimental and theoretical approaches, the study demonstrates the competition between tube size and shape on stress intensity factor from which engineering stepwise cracking can emerge. Two competing mechanisms, both positively and negatively affected by the growing tube size, arise to significantly enhance the overall fracture toughness by up to 5.6-fold compared to the monolithic brittle counterpart without sacrificing the specific strength. This is enabled by crack-tube interaction and engineering the tube size, shape, and orientation, which promotes rising resistance-curves (R-curve). "Disorder" curves and statistical mechanics parameters are proposed for the first time to quantitatively characterize the degree of disorder for describing the representation of the architected arrangement of materials in lieu of otherwise inadequate "periodicity" classification and misperceiveddisorder parameters (perturbation and Voronoi tessellation methods).

Design-driven approach for engineered geopolymer composite with recorded low fiber content

How to design an engineered cementitious composite (ECC) achieving both economic viability and ultra-sustainability has been the longstanding goal of ECC community. This study presents a design-driven approach to tackle this challenge through yielding a low matrix fracture toughness and a sufficiently strong interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix concurrently. As a result, only 0.2 % fiber content was sufficient for achieving robust strain-hardening in Engineered Geopolymer Composite (EGC), which, to the authors’ knowledge, is the lowest recorded thus far. The tensile strain-to-fiber content ratio reached 25, a remarkable 233 % higher than the existing strain-hardening composites. Besides, the compressive strength was around 40 MPa, marking the highest specific strength among the ECCs with a density below 1450 kg/m3. Leveraging the high porosity of 38 % and the presence of shrinkage micro-cracks in the matrix, a low fracture toughness, combined with a robust friction between fiber and matrix, facilitated the noticeable strain-hardening. The reaction product was identified as a dense alkaline aluminosilicate hydrate (N-A-S-H) gel, benefiting the interfacial bonding and compressive strength. The embodied energy and carbon of the EGC diminished by 27 % and 63 % compared to ordinary concrete, respectively, and the corresponding cost was 79 % lower than the classic M45-ECC, contributing significantly to ultra-sustainability.

Advanced TiAl Based Alloys: From Polycrystals to Polysynthetic Twinned Single Crystals

AbstractTiAl alloys stand out for low density, high specific strength, and excellent creep resistance, making them promising for high‐temperature aerospace applications. However, traditional TiAl alloys suffer from poor room‐temperature ductility and low service temperature that limit their critical applications in aerospace structures. To address these issues, research has focused on improving the mechanical properties of TiAl alloys through alloying and microstructural design. After decades of effort, the evolution of TiAl alloys has progressed from polycrystalline TiAl to high‐performance polysynthetic twinned (PST) TiAl single crystals. The well‐aligned PST TiAl single crystals enriched with Nb enable an excellent combination of strength and ductility, significantly outperforming polycrystalline TiAl alloys. This review summarizes recent progress on TiAl alloys, particularly focusing on newly developed PST single crystals. First, the development history of TiAl alloys is overviewed; then their crystal structures, phase diagrams, and typical microstructures are systematically discussed, along with the design strategies based on alloying elements. Additionally, recent advances in TiAl columnar crystals, which are between polycrystals and single crystals, are reviewed. Subsequently, the mechanical anisotropy, preparation methods, and superior mechanical properties of the PST single crystals are analyzed in detail. The final remark highlights the future development and application prospects of TiAl alloys.

High-temperature fretting wear behavior and microstructure stability of a laser-cladding Ti-Al-C-N composite coating meditated by variable cycle conditions

Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy is used for low-pressure compressor blades of aero-engine due to its high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature stability. Low-pressure compressor blades are subject to fretting wear in service, which may lead to fracture failure of the blades. The preparation of wear-resistant coatings is currently an effective solution in solving the problem of fretting wear on Ti-6Al-4 V titanium alloy. However, the fretting wear resistance and microstructure stability of the coating under variable cycle fretting conditions require more attention. In this work, the fretting wear performance and microstructure stability of the Ti-Al-C-N composite coating under variable cycle fretting conditions are investigated. The results show that the parameters of variable cycle operating conditions have a notable effect on the coefficient of friction (COF). The variable frequency and variable temperature working conditions result in the alteration of the fretting operation mechanism. Whereas the variable stroke amplitude and the variable load conditions do not cause changes in the fretting operation mechanism, and both are in the gross slip region (GSR). The lowest wear rate occurs under variable stroke amplitude conditions. The wear rate is the maximum under the variable cycle temperature condition. According to the dissipated energy calculation, the difference between the two different stroke amplitudes is the biggest among all the conditions. EBSD and TEM analyses show that the subsurface of variable stroke amplitude worn scar has a more uniform strain distribution, and reveals a unique subsurface structure with a transformation from crystalline to amorphous, which contributes to improving the wear resistance. This work provides insights into coating microstructure stability and wear mechanisms under variable cycle conditions.

Synthesis of bio-polyol-functionalized nanocrystalline celluloses as reactive/reinforcing components in bio-based polyurethane foams by homogeneous environment modification

Nanocrystalline Cellulose (NCC or CNC) is widely used as a filler in polymer composites due to its high specific strength, tensile modulus, aspect ratio, and sustainability.However, CNC hydrophilicity complicates its dispersion in hydrophobic polymeric matrices giving rise to aggregate structures and thus compromising its reinforcing action. CNC functionalization in a homogeneous environment, through silanization with trichloro(butyl)silane as a coupling agent and subsequent grafting with bio-based polyols, is herein investigated aiming to enhance CNC dispersibility improving the filler-matrix interaction between the hydrophobic PU and hydrophilic CNC. The modified CNCs (m_Ci) have been studied by XRD, SEM, and TGA analyses. The TGA results show that the amount of grafted polyol is strongly influenced by both its molar mass and OH number and the maximum amount of grafted polyol reaches up to 0.32 mmol per grams of functionalized CNC, within the explored conditions. The effect of different concentrations (1–3 wt%) of m_Ci on the physical, morphological, and mechanical properties of the resulting bio-based composite polyurethane foams is evaluated. Composite PU foams present compressive modulus up to 4.81 MPa and strength up to 255 kPa more than five times higher than those reinforced with unmodified CNC or with modified CNC in heterogeneous chemical environment. The improvement of mechanical properties of the examined PU foams, as a consequence of the incorporation of bio-polyols modified CNCs where polyol's OH groups interact with polyurethane precursors, could further broaden the use of these materials in building applications.

Interactions between Hyaluronic Acid and Chitosan by Isothermal Titration Calorimetry: The Effect of Ionic Strength, pH, and Polymer Molecular Weight.

Hyaluronic acid (HA)/chitosan (CHI) complex coacervates have recently gained interest due to the pH-dependent ionization and semiflexibility of the polymers as well as their applicability in tissue engineering. Here, we apply isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to understand the apparent thermodynamics of coacervation for HA/CHI as a function of the pH, ionic strength, and chain length. We couple these ITC experiments with the knowledge of the charge states of HA and CHI from potentiometric titration to understand the mechanistic aspects of complex formation. Our data demonstrate that the driving force for the complex coacervation of HA and CHI is entropic in nature and this driving force decreased with increasing ionic strength. We also observed a decrease in the stoichiometry for ion-pairing with increasing ionic strength, which we suggest is a consequence of the changing degree of ionization for HA at higher ionic strengths. An increase in the strength of interactions with pH was hypothesized to also be a result of changes in the degree of ionization of HA, though stronger interactions were observed at the lowest pH tested, likely due to contributions from hydrogen bonding between HA and CHI.

Characterization of wind effect on environmental dispersion for a shallow wetland flow

The present work focuses on the dispersion of pollutants under the influence of wind and ecological degradation in a fully developed steady flow for a shallow wetland. The dispersion coefficient is determined by Aris’ method of moments and Meis’ multi-scale analysis. Based on the comparison study, the concentration profiles obtained using multi-scale analysis converge with Aris’ method of moments, indicating that both analytical approaches provide reliable and consistent descriptions of pollutant dispersion in the system. In first-order degradation reaction rates, high degradation rates lead to lower mean concentrations and potentially more pronounced concentration gradients, while low degradation rates result in higher mean concentrations. The critical length of the region influenced by the contaminated cloud is computed analytically. It shows that for the common contaminant constituent lead (Pb), initially, it increases gradually to reach the maximum; after that as time increases, it decreases to zero under wind conditions.

Nano-tentacled interconnected channels organic gel for rapid uranium extraction from seawater

Due to dwindling terrestrial uranium resources and escalating ecological pressures, the long-term viability of uranium supply has become a critical concern. The immense uranium reserves in seawater present a potential solution, yet extraction technology faces dual challenges of efficiency and adaptability to complex marine environments. Current interconnected porous adsorbents, despite their high flux properties, are limited by low specific surface area and weak mechanical strength, which constrain their effectiveness. Here, inspired by the unique hierarchical structures of marine organisms, we describe an organic gel adsorbent with supermacroporous and interconnected channels (10 ∼ 100 µm) adorned with "nano-tentacle" structures. This design significantly enhances the specific surface area by 18 times, increasing adsorption sites and imparting antibacterial properties. Notably, this adsorbent maintains structural integrity and superior mechanical strength (1.32 MPa tensile and 2.44 MPa compressive strength) even when fully saturated. During a 23-day trial in natural seawater, a uranium adsorption rate of 0.332 mg g⁻¹ day⁻¹ was achieved. This work offers a pioneering approach for the design and fabrication of hierarchical structured adsorbents, highlighting the immense potential of extracting uranium from seawater for sustainable energy production.

An intrinsic electromechanical design method for MXene-based electrodes of ultra-highly sensitive and stable pseudocapacitive pressure device

To achieve the optimal performances of flexible pressure devices, the current approaches typically involve extensive experimental trials. However, such methods lack guidance from theoretical models in a positive fashion, not only introducing unpredictability and uncertainty into results but also potentially limiting the applicability of any achieved advancements to the alternative material systems. Here, an electrical-mechanical design model, combining density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations, was proposed for calculating the specific capacitance and mechanical strength of various modified MXene films. Based on which, the optimal hybrid film entailed the cross-linking of holey reduced graphene oxide and MXene via cysteamine was prepared. This film, upon electromechanical characterizations, has effectively overcome the issues of MXene self-stacking and brittleness, thus validating the conclusions of theoretical predictions. Subsequently, the proposed film was integrated as electrode into a pseudocapacitive pressure sensor, achieving highly sensitivity (∼143,258 kPa−1) and mechanical stability (with capacitance drift below 1.2 % after 10,000-repeated test). Ultimately, the fabricated sensors were developed into sound collection system and robotic skins, respectively, to achieve recognition of distinctive sounds and stable perception of gravity. The calculation-based approach holds enormous potential for the design of two-dementional materials-based pressure sensors.