Specific Set Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Business Model Innovation: Competencies and Roles of Top Management

Research in artificial intelligence and business model innovation is flourishing. Nevertheless, the current discussion lacks an overarching understanding of, and thus has not sufficiently addressed, the interface between artificial intelligence-enabled business model innovation and the critical role of top management. Although a paradigm shift affecting top management is already occurring, extant management literature is limited, especially in terms of primary research. Accordingly, this study explores how top management can encourage and facilitate artificial intelligence-enabled business model innovation. We utilized an inductive approach and conducted semistructured interviews with 47 practitioners to develop a grounded theory. The developed framework consists of five top management competencies and eight top management roles. Overall, our study contributes to research in business model innovation theory, revealing that top management requires a specific skill set to carry out their roles and fulfill expectations.

Design an Interchangeable Bed Coffin for Covid-19 Patients to Reduce the Use of Wood as a Raw Material for Coffins

Covid - 19 is a virus that is becoming epidemic in the world starting early 2020. This disease has claimed many deaths from all over the world, including Indonesia. Handling of the bodies of victims of Covid - 19 cannot be arbitrary. Because the bodies of sufferers of Covid - 19 can still infect people who have contact with the bodies. Therefore, the procedure for handling covid-19 bodies has a special standard set by the World Health Organization (WHO), namely the use of coffins. The problem faced in Indonesia is that this country is predominantly Muslim where people who die are not buried using coffins so that the possibility of Indonesia experiencing a shortage of coffins is very high. On the other hand, if we pay attention to environmental factors which also need to be worried because the more use of coffins, the more the need for raw material for the coffins, namely wood. Then more wood will be cut. This will have long effects in the future. This research activity develops a multi-use product. It is a product that can be used as a mattress for the patient as well as a casket when the worst happens to the patient. The products used use a knockdown system so there is no need for physical contact from health workers to patients when they need to turn them into coffins.

Automatic extraction of flat sketch design element from clothing images using artificial intelligence

This study aims to develop a process that automatically extracts various flat sketch elements in vector format from clothing images. The approach of this study is to combine state-of-the-art image processing algorithms with the new algorithm devised in this study. First, a convolutional neural network based edge detection model trained with specially prepared fashion image data set was used to convert clothing images into edge maps. Then, a recurrent neural network based vectorization model and a rule-based image correction algorithm were used to convert the edge map into a vector image. Finally, a graph search algorithm was used to extract closed shapes from the vector image. As a result, the accuracy of edge extraction model has been improved by training with the special fashion image data set. The image correction rule was able to refine the vector images generated by the vectorization model. The graph algorithm was able to extract closed shapes from the vector image. This study is the first study to extract vector style flat sketch elements from clothing images using artificial intelligence and conventional computational geometry.

Hydrodynamic Performance of Cycloidal Propellers with Four-Bar and Mixed Four-bar/Five-bar Mechanisms: A Numerical Study

Cycloidal propellers constitute a specialized category of underwater propulsion devices, widely employed in vehicles requiring exceptional maneuverability. The parameters of the blade-driving mechanism directly impact the propeller performance. Hence, the effect of variations in the geometric parameters of the blade-driving mechanism on the hydrodynamic performance of cycloidal propellers must be investigated. In this study, a specific set of four-bar and mixed four-bar/five-bar mechanisms are taken as examples, and the effect of linkage-length variations on the hydrodynamic performance of cycloidal propellers was analyzed using numerical simulation methods. First, we established a physical model of the cycloidal propeller, and then derived the relationship between blade-rotation and revolution angles. Subsequently, by solving the Navier–Stokes equations and employing computational fluid dynamics simulations based on viscosity, an analysis is conducted to reveal the trends in the impact of different linkage-length combinations on the hydrodynamic performance of the cycloidal propeller. Finally, the outcomes of the numerical simulations are interpreted using the wing element theory. In similar blade-driving mechanisms, the effects of varying linkage lengths on propeller hydrodynamic performance are determined through alterations in the blade rotation angle range and equilibrium position. An increase in the range of the blade-rotation angle significantly enhances the hydrodynamic performance of the cycloidal propeller. This research employs a more realistic auto-propulsion mode for numerical simulations, establishing a mapping relationship between the blade-driving mechanism and hydrodynamic performance of the cycloidal propeller, while analyzing the underlying influencing mechanisms. Furthermore, crucial numerical simulations and theoretical foundations are employed for designing the four-bar and mixed four-bar/five-bar mechanism cycloidal propellers. The findings of this study could also be used in similar cycloidal propellers with multilinkage mechanism.

Pure and Sc-doped diopside (CaMgSi2O6) vibrational spectra: modelling and experiments.

We investigated the structure of pure and Sc-doped synthetic diopside (a monoclinic single-chain silicate nominally CaMgSi2O6); in Sc-doped diopside, Sc3+ substitutes Mg2+ in the structure and, to achieve charge balance, vacancies form at the expense of Ca2+. We compared the structure obtained from ab initio modelling techniques at the density functional theory (DFT) level with the structure solved by employing single crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, we compared IR and Raman spectroscopy experiments with vibrational density of states (VDOS) calculated from the Fourier transform of the velocity autocorrelation function obtained using ab initio (DFT) molecular dynamics simulations. In this framework, we developed a computational tool to assign the vibrational mode associated with a specific frequency. This method consists of projecting velocities along a specific set of internal coordinates such as stretching or bending, in cases involving defects or vacancies, to calculate a partial VDOS (pVDOS) that takes into account only the vibrations associated with selected internal modes, aiding the interpretation of the total VDOS and the experimental spectra in a relevant way. The computed data were validated with the experiments and we observed that doping the diopside structure with Sc produces peak broadening and the occurrence of new peaks in the Raman spectra and that site vacancies are associated with the nearby Sc site. The present work constitutes an interesting starting point to exploit the calculated VDOS/pVDOS to characterize experimental vibrational spectra of complex systems containing local vacancies, substitutions or defects as the Sc-doped diopside.

LoopGrafter: Visual Support for the Grafting Workflow of Protein Loops.

In the process of understanding and redesigning the function of proteins in modern biochemistry, protein engineers are increasingly focusing on the exploration of regions in proteins called loops. Analyzing various characteristics of these regions helps the experts to design the transfer of the desired function from one protein to another. This process is denoted as loop grafting. As this process requires extensive manual treatment and currently there is no proper visual support for it, we designed LoopGrafter: a web-based tool that provides experts with visual support through all the loop grafting pipeline steps. The tool is logically divided into several phases, starting with the definition of two input proteins and ending with a set of grafted proteins. Each phase is supported by a specific set of abstracted 2D visual representations of loaded proteins and their loops that are interactively linked with the 3D view onto proteins. By sequentially passing through the individual phases, the user is shaping the list of loops that are potential candidates for loop grafting. In the end, the actual in-silico insertion of the loop candidates from one protein to the other is performed and the results are visually presented to the user. In this way, the fully computational rational design of proteins and their loops results in newly designed protein structures that can be further assembled and tested through in-vitro experiments. LoopGrafter was designed in tight collaboration with protein engineers, and its final appearance reflects many testing iterations. We showcase the contribution of LoopGrafter on a real case scenario and provide the readers with the experts' feedback, confirming the usefulness of our tool.

Feel the force: From local surface pressure measurement to flow reconstruction in fluid–structure interaction

Drawing inspiration from the lateral lines of fish, the inference of flow characteristics via surface-based data has drawn considerable attention. The current approaches often rely on analytical methods tailored exclusively for potential flows or utilize black-box machine learning algorithms to estimate a specific set of flow parameters. In contrast to a black-box machine learning approach, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify certain modes of fluid flow and then reconstruct the entire flow field from these modes. We use dynamic mode decomposition to parametrize complex, dynamic features across the entire flow field. We then leverage deep neural networks to infer the dynamic modes of the pressure and velocity fields within a large, unsteady flow domain, employing solely a time series of pressure measurements collected on the surface of an immersed obstacle. Our methodology is successfully demonstrated to diverse fluid–structure interaction scenarios, including cases with both free oscillations in the wake of a cylinder and forced oscillations of tandem cylinders, demonstrating its versatility and robustness.

A modified zero energy critical point theory with applications to several nonlocal problems

In this paper, we devote ourselves to considering a modified zero energy critical point theory for a specific set of functionals denoted as Φ μ , defined within the confines of a uniformly convex Banach space. Integrating the nonlinear generalized Rayleigh quotient approach with Ljusternik–Schnirelman category, we establish the nonexistence and multiplicity of zero energy critical points of the involved functionals. In particular, the modified zero energy critical point theory can be applied to more nonlocal problems. Our main results improve and complement the existing results in the related literature.

Step 3: Critical Appraisal of Evidence-Expert Opinion.

Critically appraising the literature is the third step in the evidence-based practice process. The lowest level of evidence includes expert opinion and related types of literature. This column describes the appraisal of this type of literature using a specific set of questions.

Using within-person change in three large panel studies to estimate personality age trajectories.

How does personality change when people get older? Numerous studies have investigated this question, overall supporting the idea of so-called personality maturation. However, heterogeneous findings have left open questions, such as whether maturation continues in old age and how large the effects are. We suggest that the heterogeneity is partly rooted in methodological issues. First, studies may have failed to recover age effects as they did not stringently separate within-person changes from confounding between-person differences. Second, items supposedly belonging to the same trait may show different individual trajectories, thus rendering results sensitive to the specific set of items used. We analyzed panel data from Australia (N = 15,268; Study 1), Germany (N = 22,833; Study 2), and the Netherlands (N = 10,163; Study 3) to investigate age trends in the Big Five on the levels of both scores and items. We applied a fixed effects approach that incorporates only within-person changes over time. Developmental trends in the Big Five scores were generally moderate to large and broadly confirmed personality maturation at younger ages. At older ages, maturation consistently continued for Neuroticism, whereas we found mixed evidence for such changes in Conscientiousness and Agreeableness. Furthermore, in each study, individual items showed age trends that diverged from the rest of the corresponding trait, and these differential patterns could be partly replicated across the three studies. Our results highlight the importance of items in the study of personality development and provide an explanation for previously unaccounted for variability in age trends. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Endorsing a Biopsychosocial Perspective of Pain in Individuals With Chronic Pain: Development and Validation of a Scale.

Patients' beliefs about pain play an important role in their readiness to engage with chronic pain self-management. The central aim of this study was to validate a self-report instrument to assess a specific set of pain beliefs, patients' endorsement of a biopsychosocial model of chronic pain (PEB). Interdisciplinary experts in the field of pain were involved in creating an instrument, the PEB Scale, to operationalize patients' endorsement of a biopsychosocial model. A sample of 199 patients with chronic pain was recruited to evaluate the factorial structure (principal axis factoring), the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), the convergent and discriminant validity (correlational analyses), incremental validity (multiple, hierarchical regression analyses), and construct validity (differential population analysis) of the instrument. The factor analysis resulted in a unidimensional, 11-item instrument that explained 51.2% of the total variance. Cronbach's alpha (= 0.92) indicated high internal consistency of the created set of pain-related beliefs. Regression analyses demonstrated that PEB is a strong predictor of patients' engagement with pain self-management (P < 0.001), after controlling for demographic variables, anxiety, depression, and other pain-related beliefs. Our results show that the PEB Scale is a highly reliable self-report instrument, which has the potential to predict patients' readiness to adopt pain self-management. Future research should focus on re-validating the scale we developed to operationalize PEB. Moreover, the PEB Scale should be implemented in longitudinal study designs to investigate its ability to predict the transition from acute to chronic pain and patients' long-term pain management.

Consistent Modeling of Transport Processes and Travel Times—Coupling Soil Hydrologic Processes With StorAge Selection Functions

AbstractUnderstanding the transport processes and travel times of pollutants in the subsurface is crucial for an effective management of drinking water resources. Transport processes and soil hydrologic processes are inherently linked to each other. In order to account for this link, we couple the process‐based hydrologic model RoGeR with StorAge Selection (SAS) functions. We assign to each hydrological process a specific SAS function (e.g., power law distribution function). To represent different transport mechanisms, we combined a specific set of SAS functions into four transport model structures: complete‐mixing, piston flow, advection‐dispersion and advection‐dispersion with time‐variant parameters. In this study, we conduct modeling experiments at the Rietholzbach lysimeter, Switzerland. All modeling experiments are benchmarked with HYDRUS‐1D. We compare our simulations to the measured hydrologic variables (percolation and evapotranspiration fluxes and soil water storage dynamics) and the measured water stable isotope signal (18O) in the lysimeter seepage for a period of ten years (1997–2007). An additional virtual bromide tracer experiment was used to benchmark the models. Additionally, we carried out a sensitivity analysis and provided Sobol indices for hydrologic model parameters and SAS parameters. Our results indicate that the advection‐dispersion transport model produces the best results. And thus, advective‐dispersive transport processes play a dominant role at Rietholzbach lysimeter. Our modeling approach provides the capability to test hypotheses of different transport mechanisms and to improve process understanding and predictions of transport processes. Overall, the combined model allows a very effective simulation of combined flux and transport processes at various temporal and spatial scales.

A Versatile Calibration Method for Rotary-Wing UAS as Wind Measurement Systems

Abstract The use of small uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) can effectively capture the wind profile in the lower atmospheric boundary layer. This study presents a calibration process to estimate the horizontal wind vector using a rotary-wing UAS in hovering conditions. This procedure does not require wind tunnels or meteorological masts, only the data from the flight control unit and a specific set of calibration flights. A model based on the UAS drag coefficient was proposed and compared to a traditional approach. Validation flights at the German Weather Service MOL-RAO observatory showed that the system can accurately predict wind speed and direction. A modified DJI S900 hexacopter with a Styrofoam sphere casing was used for the study and calibrated for wind speeds between 1 and 14 m s−1. Power spectral density analysis showed the system’s ability to resolve atmospheric eddies up to 0.1 Hz. The overall root-mean-square error was less than 0.7 m s−1 for wind speed and less than 8° for wind direction.

Kinetic vs magnetic chaos in toroidal plasmas: A systematic quantitative comparison

Magnetic field line chaos occurs under the presence of non-axisymmetric perturbations of an axisymmetric equilibrium and is manifested by the destruction of smooth flux surfaces formed by the field lines. These perturbations also render the particle motion, as described by the guiding center dynamics, non-integrable and, therefore, chaotic. However, the chaoticities of the magnetic field lines and the particle orbits significantly differ in both strength and radial location in a toroidal configuration, except for the case of very low-energy particles whose orbits closely follow the magnetic field lines. The chaoticity of more energetic particles, undergoing large drifts with respect to the magnetic field lines, crucially determines the confinement properties of a toroidal device but cannot be inferred from that of the underlying magnetic field. In this work, we implement the smaller alignment index method for detecting and quantifying chaos, allowing for a systematic comparison between magnetic and kinetic chaos. The efficient quantification of chaos enables the assignment of a value characterizing the chaoticity of each orbit in the space of the three constants of the motion, namely, energy, magnetic moment, and toroidal momentum. The respective diagrams provide a unique overview of the different effects of a specific set of perturbations on the entire range of trapped and passing particles, as well as the radial location of the chaotic regions, offering a valuable tool for the study of particle energy and momentum transport and confinement properties of a toroidal fusion device.

Identification of Factors Influencing Professional Identity Development in Medical Students at Basic Sciences Stage.

Medical education is beyond gaining a certain level of knowledge and mastering a specific set of skill. Medical students should try to improve the self and system, which necessitates personal growth and professional identity development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the factors which contribute to the formation of professional identity of medical students in basic sciences stage and finding out the significance of each factor. In this cross-sectional practical survey, semi-structured interviews were done with 10 medical students. The interview results yielded several items, which were used to make a 14-item questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were verified. The contribution of the items to the factors was verified through factor analysis, the prerequisites of which were KMO and Bartlett test, which were done and approved. The significance of the factors obtained was evaluated and ranked through one sample t-test and Friedman test, respectively. The result showed that professional identity development in the stage of basic sciences was influenced by several factors, including educational, socioeconomic, personal, and familial ones. Also, the personal factor ranked first, followed by socioeconomic, educational, and familial factors, respectively. In this study, it was concluded that the participants were more influenced by their own personal attitudes as compared to their familial, socioeconomic, or educational factors. Moreover, the factors which contributed to the professional identity of medical students were not at the same level of significance. To train physicians with high professional identity, medical education authorities are recommended to consider the above-mentioned factors.

The effectiveness of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of patients after arthroscopy of the knee joint.

Aim: To determine the effectiveness of physical therapy on the functional state of law enforcement officers' knee joints after surgical intervention. Materials and Methods: The research involved law enforcement officers from different units of the National Police of Ukraine (n = 56) who had suffered knee joint injuries in the line of duty, and underwent surgical intervention and rehabilitation procedures. Results: It was found that 78.2 % of respondents had suffered knee joint ligament injuries as a result of falls during rapid movement, while 43.9 % were in full gear (armored protection, helmet, etc.). It was determined that after surgical intervention, the functional state of the knee joint of law enforcement officers who followed the recommendations of physical therapy specialists and systematically performed special sets of physical exercises was significantly different (p < 0.001). Worse results were noted in people who partially followed the recommendations of rehabilitation therapists and performed part of the prescribed procedures and physical exercises. Conclusions: The effectiveness of the complex use of physical rehabilitation means for restoring the functioning of the knee joint after surgical intervention, which included arthroscopy, partial menisectomy of the damaged areas, debridement, vaporization of damaged cartilage, etc. was revealed. The positive effect of physical exercises on the functional state of the knee joint was proven. The sets of exercises that are advisable to use to restore the functioning of the knee joint were determined.

An application of Hayashi's inequality in numerical integration

Abstract This study systematically develops error estimates tailored to a specific set of general quadrature rules that exclusively incorporate first derivatives. Moreover, it introduces refined versions of select generalized Ostrowski’s type inequalities, enhancing their applicability. Through the skillful application of Hayashi’s celebrated inequality to specific functions, the provided proofs underpin these advancements. Notably, this approach extends its utility to approximate integrals of real functions with bounded first derivatives. Remarkably, it employs Newton-Cotes and Gauss-Legendre quadrature rules, bypassing the need for stringent requirements on higher-order derivatives.

On a Topological Operator via Local Closure Function

In this research, we define and study the new topological operator called $\Gamma$-boundary operator $Bd^{\Gamma}$ by merging local closure function in ideal topological spaces. We research essential properties of this operator and we specialize $\Gamma$-boundary of some special sets, such as $\theta$-open, $\Im_{\Gamma}$-perfect and $\Im_{\Gamma}$-dense. Moreover, we examine the properties of this operator in the topology which is formed by using local closure function. Furthermore, we compare $\Gamma$-boundary operator with the boundary operator and the $*$-boundary operator. We also show that under what conditions $\Gamma$-boundary operator, boundary operator and $*$-boundary operator are coincide.

Русь и Орда: возможности реконструкции экономических процессов методами археозоологии

Our analysis of archaeozoological collections found on archaeological sites allowed to build a complex picture of the meat diet of medieval settlements in Eastern Europe and to reconstruct the structure of meat supply in Eastern European towns and villages in forest, forest-steppe and steppe areas, as well as to determine the similarities and differences in this structure across different landscapes and cultural zones. We found that the dominant meat in the diet of the medieval population in all studied landscapes, regardless of settlement form was beef. For Rus’ towns, which existed for several centuries, we identified the tendency to increase the share of beef in the meat diet from the early (12th century) to the latest (16th century and later) periods. Beef also dominated the meat consumption of townspeople in the Golden Horde in the 13th–14th centuries.&#x0D; The study shows that cattle were raised in rural settlements and regularly delivered to the towns for hides and meat. Nomadic cattle, such as sheep and horses were delivered to the towns and slaughtered episodically to produce hides. In the artisanal quarters of the towns, our archaeozoological research registered accumulations of domestic ungulate bones with a specific taxonomic and anatomical set – the remains of large-scale slaughter of nomadic and rural livestock. These quarters also did the primary processing of hides – our study found clear markers of processing industries in archaeozoological collections. The study of isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) in more than 150 bone samples of domestic ungulates of forest and steppe areas proved the feasibility of using 13C isotope tags to capture the status of domestic ungulates: local and outsider; 15N isotope signals describe the contribution of farmed fodder to the diet of specific animals. We managed to discover the movement of nomadic steppe cattle from the arid zone for slaughtering and hides to the forest-steppe Bolgar town, and to record the fact of cattle exchange between steppe and forest territories, as well as between different regions of medieval Rus’.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOLOGICAL THINKING IN PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES AND ENSURING THE FUNCTIONING OF THE ECONOMY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

The deterioration of the majority of ecosystems in the biosphere, significant reduction in bioproductivity and biodiversity, catastrophic depletion of soils and mineral resources due to unprecedented pollution of the Earth's surface, hydrosphere, and atmosphere, are all linked to the intensive growth of the global population and the development of scientific and technological progress over the past 50 years. The necessity to meet the ever-increasing needs of human society has led to a tremendous expansion of economic activities, changes in the proportions of the world economy, production capacities, techniques, and technologies, as well as the variety of products and consumption patterns. The production and consumption models that have emerged in the world no longer correspond to the conditions of sustainable coexistence between humans and nature. The analysis of the state of the natural environment indicates that in recent years, there have been no significant positive shifts in the ecological situation, and in some areas, it has even worsened. The high concentration of industry and agriculture, along with ecologically unjustified economic activities, have made Ukraine one of the most environmentally troubled countries in Europe. The situation was significantly exacerbated by the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident and the armed conflict in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to develop of ecological thinking involves aligning human practical activities with the laws of nature and ensuring that the economy operates in accordance with the requirements of environmental preservation. The study of human ecology is an interdisciplinary science that focuses on a clearly defined and specific set of issues. In its research, it utilizes both general scientific methods (grounded in philosophical and general scientific principles) and specific methods (characteristic of certain fields of scientific activity). General scientific methods include empirical research methods (observation, measurement, comparison) and empirical-theoretical methods (abstraction, analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, analogy, modeling) as well as theoretical methods (ascending from abstract to concrete, forecasting, systematic approach). The most specific method used in the study of human ecology is anthropoecological monitoring, a system of observations of changes in human life processes in connection with environmental factors' impact on them. It also involves monitoring and evaluating environmental conditions that negatively affect population health and contribute to the spread of diseases. The article systematizes the main threats to economic security in Ukraine and describes their main consequences. In further research, the author's efforts will be focused on the development of measures to neutralize the impact of these threats on the ecological security of Ukraine.