Specific Sections Research Articles

LiDAR topo‐bathymetry for riverbed elevation assessment: A review of approaches and performance for hydrodynamic modelling of flood plains

AbstractTopo‐bathymetric LiDAR (TBL) can provide a continuous digital elevation model (DEM) for terrestrial and submerged portions of rivers. This very high horizontal spatial resolution and high vertical accuracy data can be promising for flood plain mapping using hydrodynamic models. Despite the increasing number of papers regarding the use of TBL in fluvial environments, its usefulness for flood mapping remains to be demonstrated. This review of real‐world experiments focusses on three research questions related to the relevance of TBL in hydrodynamic modelling for flood mapping at local and regional scales: (i) Is the accuracy of TBL sufficient? (ii) What environmental and technical conditions can optimise the quality of acquisition? (iii) Is it possible to predict which rivers would be good candidates for TBL acquisition? With a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16 m, results from real‐world experiments confirm that TBL provides the required vertical accuracy for hydrodynamic modelling. Our review highlighted that environmental conditions, such as turbidity, overhanging vegetation or riverbed morphology, may prove to be limiting factors in the signal's capacity to reach the riverbed. A few avenues have been identified for considering whether TBL acquisition would be appropriate for a specific river. Thresholds should be determined using geometric or morphological criteria, such as rivers with steep slopes, steep riverbanks, and rivers too narrow or with complex morphologies, to avoid compromising the quality or the extent of the coverage. Based on this review, it appears that TBL acquisition conditions for hydrodynamic modelling for flood mapping should optimise the signal's ability to reach the riverbed. However, further research is needed to determine the percentage of coverage required for the use of TBL as a source of bathymetry in a hydrodynamic model, and whether specific river sections must be covered to ensure model performance for flood mapping.

Internal Migration in Pakistan: Some Socio-Economic Determinants and Significances

ABSTRACT: Since early years, humans are migrating to ensure their survival or to improve their socio-economic position in society. In Pakistan, internal migration has not been given proper attention in policy making. Consequently, government is facing problems in managing the challenges and opportunities posed by internal migration. The present study attempted to analyse socio-economic factors that play crucial role in a household's decision to migrate internally by using data of Labour Force Survey 2020-21. In the questionnaire of labour force survey, there is a specific section related to migration. The migration is defined as 'households that has moved from one district to another district or to different country', it excludes the migration within district. The logit regression has been used to estimate the model. It has been found that more educated people particularly having professional and technical education tends to migrate. The internal migration increases with age, but after certain level it tends to start declining. It has also concluded that employment in public sector (due to job security or provision of housing facilities) motivate people to internally migrate. People belonging to middle income families are more likely to migrate in comparison to rich or very poor. Study confirms that search of better job opportunities and family compulsions are major factors in internal voluntary migration. However, law and order situations emerge as a significant factor in forced migration. As the internal migration are much higher than international migration so there is need that role of internal migration may be recognised in reducing poverty, employment and socio-economic development. Unfortunately, there exists lack of policy on internal labour flows. Most the labour force is not even registered at migration destinations. It is very crucial to calculate value of domestic remittances. It will be helpful in devising the policy to improve the status of internal migrants by providing them targeted technical and vocational education training so that they can get better job opportunities in destination places.

Resonance of Local News Media Regarding Water Pollution Management In Yogyakarta Regency: A Review

Yogyakarta faces challenges in maintaining water quality due to the presence of pollutants E.coli as a resulting dominant bacteria. The information provided by the media is easily understood when it is based on the needs of the community. The emergence of various local news media outlets becomes a solution to address the existing issues in society. The local news media in Yogyakarta has not yet made a significant impact on the environment, particularly in water resource management, as evidenced by the numerous complaints from the community regarding water quality. Primary data of this research is gained through qualitative content analysis and in-depth interviews with journalists of local news media outlets in Yogyakarta, namely harianjogja.com, krjogja.com, and tribunjogja.com, and twelve journal articles in the period from 2019 to 2023. The findings are Harian Jogja, Tribun Jogja, and Kedaulatan Rakyat, demonstrate insufficient resonance in their coverage of water source pollution management. This is evident through several factors: limited frequency of news coverage, absence of dedicated desks within the editorial teams, lack of specific sections dedicated to environmental topics, low traffic generated by related news articles, and a lack of specific attention from editors regarding water pollution management in terms of assignment and environmental education for journalists. The majority of news articles written by journalists in this context predominantly fall into the informative category, accounting for 71% of the coverage. In contrast, articles categorized as educational or solution-oriented are minimal. The findings of this research endeavor aim to contribute academically to the field of water pollution management by emphasizing the need to optimize the utilization of local news media in Yogyakarta.

Genetic Editing with CRISPR Cas9: recent Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications

The use of a novel and powerful technology that allows for the precise editing of the genetic material of various organisms is becoming widespread. This technology derives from bacterial and archaeal defense machinery and is called CRISPR Cas9. Unlike other gene editing tools that exclusively rely on proteins, CRISPR Cas9 utilizes interactions between the target DNA and an RNA sequence that guides the Cas9 enzyme to alter the structure of a target gene. Various genome locations can be edited thanks to the ease of programming different guide RNA sequences, facilitating its use and implementation. Furthermore, the non-active version of the Cas9 protein, guided by its corresponding RNA, can be utilized for visualization processes of genetic material or, more recently, for the regulation of the transcription process. Considering the recent advances and possibilities in biomedical and biotechnological research, we must understand that the exploration of this technology is just beginning, and its eventual applications will influence the world around us on multiple levels. In this review, we describe the biological foundations of the functioning of the Cas9 nuclease, together with selected applications of its use in editing and regulating specific sections of the genetic material of various organisms. We also discuss some bioethical issues surrounding this subject.

Analysis of Psychology of Religion Content in Introductory Psychology Textbooks

Background Past research on the representation of religion/spirituality in introductory psychology textbooks is dated. Objective Analyze religion/spirituality content in the nine most frequently purchased introductory psychology textbooks published within the last 5 years. Method The current study identified 27 terms that related to religion/spirituality and performed qualitative analysis of term's mentions in each textbook. Results Findings indicated that 100% of textbooks mentioned religion/spirituality, which represents an increase in mentions compared to past research. However, none of the textbooks included a specific section on the psychology of religion and spirituality. Overall, there was greater discussion-based coverage of religion/spirituality than research-based coverage, similar to past research findings, although the current study found a greater percentage of research-based discussion than previous research. Compared to past research, the current study found a greater proportion of positive coverage of religious/spiritual mentions but found that most textbooks included negative coverage of religious/spiritual mentions representing rare phenomena associated with religion/spirituality. Conclusion This study provides evidence that coverage of religion/spirituality is better represented in introductory psychology textbooks than past research, but organization and inclusion is still lacking. Teaching Implications Religion/spirituality content could be better organized in textbooks by including a specific section dedicated to the psychology of religion and spirituality.

PREFERENCE OF INVESTORS TOWARDS POST OFFICE SAVING SCHEMES

Background/Purpose:Post office saving schemes are backed by the government of the respective country, providing a high level of safety and security for investors funds.Some post office saving schemes may offer tax benefits, such as exemptions on the interest earned or deductions under specific sections of the tax code. Post office saving schemes, such as fixed deposits or recurring deposits, can be suitable for individuals with long-term savings goals, such as planning for education, marriage, or retirement.It is essential for investors to carefully evaluate their financial objectives and consider factors like inflation, liquidity needs, and overall portfolio diversification before choosing post office saving schemes as their primary investment avenue. Objective: To analyze the preference of investors towards different post office saving schemes. Design/Methodology/Approach: Primary data is collected through a structured questionnaire. The area of research is confined to Durg district only. Descriptive analysis has been done to analyze the research questions. Originality/Value: This paper outlines the perception of an individual towards the different saving schemes provided by the Post office. Findings/Results:An investment is a pledge of a persons current assets that allows him to receive future income through interest, dividends, rent, wages, pension benefits, or capital appreciation.

Codeguard: Utilizing Advanced Pattern Recognition in Language Models for Software Vulnerability Analysis

Abstract Enhancing software quality and security hinges on the effective identification of vulnerabilities in source code. This paper presents a novel approach that combines pattern recognition training with cloze-style examination techniques in a semi-supervised learning framework. Our methodology involves training a language model using the SARD and Devign datasets, which contain numerous examples of vulnerable code. During training, specific code sections are deliberately obscured, challenging the model to predict the hidden tokens. Through rigorous empirical testing, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in accurately identifying code vulnerabilities. Our results highlight the significant advantages of employing pattern recognition training alongside cloze-style questioning, leading to improved accuracy in detecting vulnerabilities in source code.

The Paradigm of Education through Leisure Activities in the Boarding School: Teacher’s Viewpoints

We often look at leisure time in different spheres of life by default and not so much importance. The aim of the paper is to consider and observe the views of boarding school teachers towards the paradigm of education through leisure activities in the boarding school. The obtained findings indicate that teachers perceive the importance of leisure activities, but that a large number of them estimate that there is not enough developed competence for the specific section they lead in the boarding school. When it comes to cooperation with colleagues in the direction of improving leisure time, the teachers’ opinions are divided, where there are answers that reflect good cooperation, but there are also answers from teachers that suggest that cooperation is bad or non-existent.

Examining the framing of mental health in Division I student-athlete handbooks

This study examined college athlete handbooks at 50 Division I institutions to understand how language focused on mental health was framed. Mental health is an important area of focus on college campuses, particularly for athletes due to increased demands as well as stigmas related to reporting. The researchers performed a framing analysis of college athlete handbooks during the 2020-21 academic year, focusing on all references to mental health, while also examining in detail specific sections devoted to mental health resources. The findings indicated that those specific sections provided supportive resources for college athletes, potentially eroding stigma surrounding the issue. However, some policies did connect support to athletic performance, thus diminishing the individual in the process. Additionally, a lack of reference to diversity and inclusivity may create barriers to mental health support. This research can provide a great resource for athletic departments focused on developing communication strategies to support athlete mental health.

Affectivity in distance education

This article sought to deepen the understanding of the influence of affectivity in Distance Education (DE), exploring the intersection between this dimension, Contemporary Pedagogical Theories, and Educational Technologies. The main objective was to analyze how these elements converge to shape the student's experience in the DE modality, aiming to provide valuable insights for more effective and student-centered educational practices. The topic was succinctly addressed, divided into specific sections to explore crucial nuances. The theoretical framework encompasses Educational Psychology, Contemporary Pedagogical Theories, and the potential of Educational Technologies, providing a solid theoretical foundation. In the methodology, a bibliographic approach was chosen, conducting a critical review of specialized literature. The careful selection and analysis of relevant sources allowed for a holistic understanding of the topics, providing the construction of well-founded arguments. The results indicate the importance of strategically integrating affectivity, Contemporary Pedagogical Theories, and Educational Technologies in DE. The analysis highlights tools such as discussion forums, personalized feedback, and adaptive platforms as valuable instruments to strengthen the affective dimension and promote a more humane and effective learning experience. The conclusion not only summarizes the main results but also emphasizes the practical relevance of these findings in the context of DE, offering suggestions for future research and educational innovations. This study contributes to the continuous understanding and improvement of DE, considering the complex interactions between affectivity, pedagogical theories, and educational technologies.

Illegal rural enterprise – developing a framework to help identify and investigate shadow infrastructures and illicit criminal networks

Purpose This study builds on the extant research of the authors on illegal rural enterprise (IRE). However, instead of taking a single or micro case approach within specific sections of the farming and food industries we examine the concept holistically from a macro case perspective. Many IRE crimes simply could not be committed without insider knowledge and complicity, making it essential to appreciate this when researching or investigating such crimes.Design/methodology/approach Using data from published studies, we introduce the theoretical concept of “Shadow infrastructure” to analyse and explain the prevalence and endurance of such criminal enterprises. Using a multiple case approach, we examine data across the cases to provide an analysis of several industry wide crimes—the illicit halal meat trade; the theft of sheep; the theft of tractors and plant; and the supply of illicit veterinary medicines.Findings We examine IRE crimes across various sectors to identify commonalities in practice and in relation to business models drawing from a multidisciplinary literature spanning business and criminology. Such enterprises can be are inter-linked. We also provide suggestions on investigating such structures.Practical implications We identify academic and practical implications in relation to the investigation of IRE crime and from an academic perspective in relation to researching the phenomenon.Originality/value This study combines data from numerous individual studies from a macro perspective to provide practical solutions to a multifaceted problem.

Evaluation of Olgun Children’s Journal (1935) within the Scope of Adding Nation and History Awareness to Children

This study sought to evaluate Olgun Children’s Journal (1935) within the scope of the efforts of adding nation and history awareness to children by using document examination which is among qualitative research methods. Olgun Children’s Journal which was issued for the first time on 16 February 1935 was a children’s journal which ended its publication life with its 13th and final issue on 25 May 1935. Specific sections of the journal in every issue were Let’s Learn the Statesmen of the Nation, One Mustafa for a Thousand Enemies, Cinema with Art, In the Animal Land, The Scholar Investigating, Adventures of Yumurcak, Our Articles and Riddles-Puzzles. At the end of the study, we observed that the journal personally reflected the understanding and conditions of the era (1930s) and was on the prowl of imbuing children with the opinions of national unity and solidarity in line with the perspective and understanding of the era. The study found that the journal included sub texts related to the Surname Act (1934) in society and efforts of simplification of language, mentioned the Dardanelles War and the War of Independence, stressed the virtues of the Turkish Nation and significance of Atatürk as a leader and tried to raise nation and history awareness in children by this way. The journal accepted children as adults, stressed that children had an ability of achieving even the most difficult tasks and tried to raise consciousness reflecting the historical context in the Turkish children. In addition, the journal designed specific sections for children to have fun and enjoy themselves.

Revealing the structural behaviour of Brunelleschi’s Dome with machine learning techniques

The Brunelleschi’s Dome is one of the most iconic symbols of the Renaissance and is among the largest masonry domes ever constructed. Since the late 17th century, first masonry cracks appeared on the Dome, giving the start to a monitoring activity. In modern times, since 1988 a monitoring system comprised of 166 electronic sensors, including deformometers and thermometers, has been in operation, providing a valuable source of real-time data on the monument’s health status. With the deformometers taking measurements at least four times per day, a vast amount of data is now available to explore the potential of the latest Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques in the field of historical-architectural heritage conservation. The objective of this contribution is twofold. Firstly, for the first time ever, we aim to unveil the overall structural behaviour of the Dome as a whole, as well as that of its specific sections (known as webs). We achieve this by evaluating the effectiveness of certain dimensionality reduction techniques on the extensive daily detections generated by the monitoring system, while also accounting for fluctuations in temperature over time. Secondly, we estimate a number of recurrent and convolutional neural network models to verify their capability for medium- and long-term prediction of the structural evolution of the Dome. We believe this contribution is an important step forward in the protection and preservation of historical buildings, showing the utility of machine learning in a context in which these are still little used.

Role of E-Shopping Orientation and Trust in predicting Impulsive Buying Behaviour

Impulse Buying and the drivers of similar consumer behaviours have captured the interest of researchers for quite some time now. The construct was first explored in the context of offline or brick and mortar stores. However, with the growing popularity of online retail stores has led to the concept being included in studies on customer behaviour, specifically in the online context. In the current study, the researchers attempt to contribute to literature on customer behaviour in the online environment by exploring the relationship between E-Shopping Orientation, Trust and Impulsive Buying Behaviour. The focus of the currents study is the members of Generation Y. The scope was limited to this specific section, given that each generation differs from the other in terms of their behaviour, needs and drivers. While the direct impact of E-shopping Orientation on Impulsive Buying Behaviour was found to be not statistically significant, the indirect effect was found to be significant. This suggests that Trust fully mediates the relationship between E-Shopping Orientation and Impulsive Buying Behaviour. In addition to contributing to literature in the area of customer behaviour, the findings also add to our understanding of a major section of the Indian customer base.

Impact assessment of spatial-temporal distribution of riverine dust on air quality using remote sensing data and numerical modeling.

Soil erosion is a severe problem in Taiwan due to the steep terrain, fragile geology, and extreme climatic events resulting from global warming. Due to the rapidly changing hydrological conditions affecting the locations and the amount of transported sand and fine particles, timely impact evaluation and riverine dust control are difficult, particularly when resources are limited. To comprehend the impact of desertification in estuarine areas on the variation of air pollutant concentrations, this study utilized remote sensing technology coupled with an air pollutant dispersion model to determine the unit contribution of potential pollution sources and quantify the effect of riverine dust on air quality. The images of the downstream area of the Beinan River basin captured by Formosat-2 in May 2006 were used to analyze land use and land cover (LULC) composition. Subsequently, the diffusion model ISCST-3 based on Gaussian distribution was utilized to simulate the transport of PM across the study area. Finally, a mixed-integer programming model was developed to optimize resource allocation for dust control. Results reveal that sand deposition in specific river sections significantly influences regional air quality, owing to the unique local topography and wind field conditions. The present optimal plan model for regional air quality control further showed that after implementing engineering measures including water cover, revegetation, armouring cover, and revegetation, total PM concentrations would be reduced by 51%. The contribution equivalent calculation, using the air pollution diffusion model, was effectively integrated into the optimization model to formulate a plan for reducing riverine dust with limited resources based on air quality requirements.

SOCIAL NETWORK STRUCTURE AND FIRMS’ INTERNATIONALIZATION: NEW INSIGHTS FROM A WHOLE-NETWORK PERSPECTIVE

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the social network structure of the oil and gas (O&G) cluster in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We explore whether internationalized firms concentrate in specific sections of the social network, and scrutinize whether internationalization is associated with a firm’s attributes and its direct and indirect network ties. Method: This research applies social network analysis, which allows us to identify dense sections, popular nodes, and strategic position. We apply partitioning techniques to determine the extent to which a firm’s internationalization is affected by those to whom it is connected. Main results: Our findings show that internationalized firms concentrate in dense sections of the network, which are characterized by high interconnectedness. Furthermore, there is indicative evidence that interaction among firms and their attributes embedded in the social network structure is associated, at least in part, with the diffusion of internationalization. Relevance / Originality: Most studies targeting the network focus on the so-called ego network. This study applies a whole-network perspective to consider popular communities and central nodes and, ultimately, show how social behavior is diffused within the social network structure. Theoretical / Methodological Contributions: Drawing upon the network theory, we emphasize interdisciplinarity to advance international business (IB) scholarship. In particular, we qualify the Uppsala model’s assumption of network/relational capability, that is, the ability to build, sustain, and coordinate relationships by demonstrating the relevance of the social network structure to the internationalization process.

منهج الإمام الشافعي في إثبات حجية حديث الآحاد في كتابه الرسالة

This research sets out to study the methodology of Imam Shafi'i as presented within his book "Al-Risala" in defense of the validity of solitary narrations (Ahadith Ahad). Imam Shafi'i, renowned for his defense of the Sunnah, vigorously advocated for the validity of solitary narrations as evidence in religion. Consequently, he dedicated a specific section within his book "Al-Risala" to defend the validity of solitary narrations. Within this section, Imam Shafi'i's methodology in defending the validity of solitary narrations becomes apparent. Among the hypotheses of this research are: firstly, that the validity of solitary narrations according to Imam Shafi'i is undisputed. Secondly, the lack of disagreement regarding the validity of solitary narrations is based on Quranic evidence, the Prophet's endorsement in his statements and actions, as well as the actions of his noble companions. Thirdly, Imam Shafi'i relies on two methodologies in defending the validity of solitary narrations: the dialectical method involving formulating questions that could be raised by detractors of the validity of solitary narrations and providing convincing answers, and the analytical method, which involves analyzing Quranic verses, prophetic traditions, and the actions of the companions as evidence utilized by Imam Shafi'i in responding to detractors of the validity of solitary narrations.

Slope stability analysis applied to the 5th section of the Northern Marmara Motorway, İzmit, Türkiye

The Northern Marmara Motorway is a project that aims to alleviate the heavy traffic congestion in the provinces of İstanbul, Tekirdağ, Kocaeli and Adapazarı. Within the 5th section bounded by “the Motorway Port Connection Road” and “İzmit Intersection”, mass movements of slide (Y1, Y2) and flow (Y3) types were observed along the route. This study investigated the causes of mass movements in the Korucu Formation, which consists of sandstone and shale alternation. It also evaluated the support systems to prevent these movements. The analysis considered project criteria, both static and dynamic conditions, types of mass movements and triggering factors. The study identified a combination of factors, including the water table and surface waters, which lead to progressive weathering and mass movement. Stability analyses were conducted for specific right-cut slope sections. These analyses included assessments of soil structure, soil–rock mechanics, engineering geology and geotechnics, as well as examination of field and laboratory test results. These analyses aimed to comprehensively investigate and understand the factors influencing the occurrence of mass movements, particularly for km: 170 + 300–170 + 400, km: 170 + 640 and km: 175 + 297–175 + 463. At Y1, pile retaining walls are proposed using Slide2 software to reduce the slope angle from 22° to 17°. At Y2, a translational landslide occurred with recommendations for the adjustment of the slope angle and protective measures considering the disturbance factors (D = 0.3 and D = 0.5). Y3 was a flow-type movement that required protection of the slope with riprap due to the different geological conditions and disturbance factors. This study underlines the need for a comprehensive geological analysis and structural measures to ensure safety in these areas.

ChatGPT for Academic Purposes: Survey Among Undergraduate Healthcare Students in Malaysia.

The impact of generative artificial intelligence-based Chatbotson medical education, particularly in Southeast Asia, is understudied regarding healthcare students' perceptions of its academic utility. Sociodemographic profiles and educational strategies influence prospective healthcare practitioners' attitudes toward AI tools. This study aimed to assess healthcare university students' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding ChatGPT for academic purposes. It explored chatbot usage frequency, purposes, satisfaction levels, and associations between age, gender, and ChatGPT variables. Four hundred forty-three undergraduate students at a Malaysian tertiary healthcare institute participated, revealing varying awareness levels of ChatGPT's academic utility. Despite concerns about accuracy, ethics, and dependency, participants generally held positive attitudes toward ChatGPT in academics. Multiple logistic regression highlighted associations between demographics, knowledge, attitude, and academic ChatGPT use. MBBS students were significantly more likely to use ChatGPT for academics than BDS and FIS students. Final-year students exhibited the highest likelihood of academic ChatGPT use. Higher knowledge and positive attitudes correlated with increased academic usage. Most users (45.8%) employed ChatGPT to aid specific assignment sections while completing most work independently. Some did not use it (41.1%), while others heavily relied on it (9.3%). Users also employed it for various purposes, from generating questions to understanding concepts. Thematic analysis of responses showed students' concerns about data accuracy, plagiarism, ethical issues, and dependency on ChatGPT for academic tasks. This study aids in creating guidelines for implementing GAI chatbots in healthcare education, emphasizing benefits, and risks, and informing AI developers and educators about ChatGPT's potential in academia.

The female jihadist narrative: a comparative analysis

The research analyses the representation that different jihadist organizations make of women through their official propaganda. The aim is to analyse the construction of the feminine ideal designed by Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula (AQAP), ISIS and Jabhat Al-Nusra through their leading magazines and to identify if there are differences in their representation of women. A content analysis is carried out on the narrative in which females are portrayed by those organizations. The study is also supported by a quantitative analysis of three features, which provide data on prominence of women in jihadism: the number of times they are mentioned, the illustrations targeting females and the existence (or not) of a specific section for women in the magazines of these groups. The research shows that the portrayal of women as victims and weak individuals is recurrent but is not limited to this role. There are differences in the content and subject matter in the official discourse of the three groups, such as with regard to violence perpetrated by women. The strategic and political differences between AQAP, ISIS and Jabhat Al-Nusra affect the construction of female roles in their official propaganda.