Specific Rules Research Articles

Feeling rules in artificial intelligence: norms for anger management

The rapid spread of conversational AI, as well as the potential for personal conversations with chatbots, makes it relevant to examine what norms and values underlie chatbot responses. This article examines the feeling rules for anger implicitly communicated by a recent chatbot (ChatGPT). Querying the chatbot about appropriate and inappropriate anger, the study shows how specific feeling rules are articulated by AI. The chatbot communicates norms of productive, respectful, constructive, controlled and calm expression of anger through talk and, as such, relies on communication as a pervasive cultural repertoire. Based on a rereading of Boltanski and Thévenot’s (2006) economies of worth focusing on feeling rules, it is argued that different moral repertoires have implications for feeling rules. Using this theoretical framework to analyse the responses of the chatbot, it is evident that it primarily relies on both the industrial and the domestic orders of worth to assess anger. The chatbot articulates the problem of anger as unproductiveness and disrespect. The feeling rules implied in the responses of the chatbot reflect a neoliberal conception of self as individually responsible, productive, self-regulating, emotionally competent and able to find solutions. The seemingly neutral advice of the chatbot potentially depoliticises anger, disciplines people to remain productive and respectful and narrows the scope of anger expressions that are deemed acceptable.

إثبات المخالفات التأديبية اثناء التحقيق الإداري على ضوء نظام الخدمة المدنية الأردني رقم 9 لسنة 2020 (دراسة مقارنة)

Objectives: this study sheds light on disciplinary evidence and defines its features to ascertain if an employee has committed a disciplinary offence while carrying out his job duties. It demonstrates how the Administrative Investigation Committee can establish the burden of proof. Research Problem: the adequacy of organising special rules of evidence before the Administrative Investigation Committee to detect behavioural violations. The Jordanian legislator addressed these rules in Article 146/b/2 of the Jordanian Civil Service Law No. 9 of 2020. However, these rules are not integrated, as it is assumed that the administration has complete evidence of claims of behavioural violations. It does not have the right to accuse the employee of deviating from his job mandate without evidence. The employee is also entitled to present evidence refuting such claims. Thus, it falls to investigation committees to search for the necessary evidence to clarify the truth. Methods: this study adopts a descriptive and analytical approach that compares the Jordanian, Egyptian and Emirati legislation concerning the rules of evidence. Results and Conclusions: the paper concludes by with the following results such as: Jordanian Civil Service Law fails to organise the means of evidence and administrative papers, as the legislator did not explicitly grant the Administrative Investigation Committee the authority to review documents related to the violation. In contrast, they were expressly formulated in the Egyptian and Emirati legislations. As well as, the Jordanian legislator did not deal with the method of inspection before the administrative investigation committee in the Civil Service Law, unlike the Egyptian legislator who regulated that method in the law and provided instructions to the Administrative Prosecution. Such was also the case for the UAE federal legislator within the framework of the executive regulations of the human resources law in the federal government. يهدف هذ البحث لتسليط الضوء على الأدلة التأديبية وتحديد ملامحها لمعرفة فيما إذا كان الفعل الواقع من الموظف أثناء قيامه بممارسة واجباته الوظيفية يدخل ضمن إطار المخالفة التأديبية من عدمه، ومعرفة كيفية وضع عبء الإثبات من قبل لجنة التحقيق الإداري، والوقوف عليها للخروج بتوصيات في غاية الأهمية للمشرع الأردني. وركز هذا البحث على موضوع في غاية الأهمية وهو الوقوف على مدى كفاية تنظيم قواعد خاصة بالإثبات أمام لجنة التحقيق الإداري للكشف عن المخالفات المسلكية، فقد تناول المشرع الأردني هذه القواعد وفقاً للمادة 146/ب/2 من نظام الخدمة المدنية الأردني رقم 9 لسنة 2020، إلا أنها غير متكاملة، فمن المفترض أن يكون لدى الإدارة دليل إثبات كامل على ما تدعي بوجود هذه الواقعة، وليس لها اتهام الموظف بالخروج عن مسلك وظيفته دون وجود ما يدل على موقفها، كما يحق للموظف تقديم ما ينفي ويدحض كل ما هو منسوب اليه، ويقع على عاتق لجان التحقيق عبء الوصول للأدلة اللازمة لاستجلاء الحقيقة، وقد بيّنت الدراسة عدم اهتمام المشرع الأردني للقواعد التي تتناول الأدلة الإثباتية في المخالفات التأديبية، إذ تناول بعضها دون بعض، ولذلك تكمن الاشكالية في وجود نقص في التشريع الأردني لتنظيم الإثبات للكشف عن المخالفة الواقعة من الموظف العام. وعليه نوصي بالعمل على تعديل المنظومة التشريعية من خلال إضافة نصوص قانونية تتعلق بأحكام وطرق الإثبات واجراءاتها من الناحية التفصيلية. واعتمد هذا البحث على مناهج عدة منها؛ المنهج التحليلي لتحليل النصوص التشريعية ومضمون الأحكام القضائية والآراء الفقهية ذات العلاقة، كما استخدم البحث المنهج المقارن، حيث تناول الموضوعات المطروحة في هذا البحث ضمن إطار مقارن بين الأردن ومصر والامارات في ضوء الأحكام القانونية المتعلقة بهذا الموضوع للوقوف على نقاط القوة والضعف، والوصول إلى أهم النتائج والتوصيات.

The Concepts of Special Proceedings, General Rules and Special Rules in Criminal Procedure

The Concepts of Special Proceedings, General Rules and Special Rules in Criminal Procedure

An Enhanced Model for Detecting and Classifying Emergency Vehicles Using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)

The rise in autonomous vehicles further impacts road networks and driving conditions over the road networks. Cameras and sensors allow these vehicles to gather the characteristics of their surrounding traffic. One crucial factor in this environment is the appearance of emergency vehicles, which require special rules and priorities. Machine learning and deep learning techniques are used to develop intelligent models for detecting emergency vehicles from images. Vehicles use this model to analyze regularly captured road environment photos, requiring swift actions for safety on road networks. In this work, we mainly developed a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) model that generates new emergency vehicles. This is to introduce a comprehensive expanded dataset that assists emergency vehicles detection and classification processes. Then, using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we constructed a vehicle detection model demonstrating satisfactory performance in identifying emergency vehicles. The detection model yielded an accuracy of 90.9% using the newly generated dataset. To ensure the reliability of the dataset, we employed 10-fold cross-validation, achieving accuracy exceeding 87%. Our work highlights the significance of accurate datasets in developing intelligent models for emergency vehicle detection. Finally, we validated the accuracy of our model using an external dataset. We compared our proposed model’s performance against four other online models, all evaluated using the same external dataset. Our proposed model achieved an accuracy of 85% on the external dataset.

The Tree-Clan-Individual Concept in Traditional Khakas Culture (Late 19th to Mid-20th Century)

On the basis of ethnographic, folk, and linguistic materials, most of them newly-introduced, the “tree-clan- individual” concept in the Khakas culture is reconstructed and analyzed. The status and image of the tree in their traditional mythological and ritualistic system is assessed. Notions of man and his environment were related to anthropomorphic reasoning, by which natural objects, such as trees, were endowed with human attributes. In their religious-mythological views the tree was identified with a person, with the crown of the tree being the head, the trunk being the body, branches as being arms, sap as being blood, etc. Trees were believed to be either male or female. In the traditional consciousness, human life scenarios were closely paralleled to those of trees. The vegetative code was used to refer to various psychophysical, mental, and other human phenomena. Social norms included special rules in dealing with trees, used in logging. In essence, a tree had to be dealt with like a humanlike being. In mythological thinking, felling a tree was to some degree tantamount to murder. Souls of specific individuals or groups were likewise associated with trees, so each Khakas seok (clan) had a sacred tree. It was an integral part of the burial rite. The tree, then, was a key element in the ideological structure, having a broad semiotic field.

The Legal Consequences of a Violation: Reparation/Just Satisfaction/Damages by Human Rights Bodies and Investment Tribunals

Abstract Remedies granted by both human rights courts and investment tribunals are generally based on the international law of state responsibility as codified by the International Law Commission (ILC) in 2001. However, some special rules (leges speciales) do exist in the statutes of human rights courts and in a few international investment agreements. Despite the different scopes of protection of the two areas of international law, there are remarkable similarities in judicial practice, yet important differences remain. This article explores to what extent there is already mutual influence in practice and where there is still room for mutual inspiration. It comes to the conclusion that investment tribunals could take more into consideration that victims may suffer damage, in particular non-material damage, by the mere violation of their rights. Conversely, human rights courts could pay closer attention to economic valuation criteria when it comes to the assessment of material damage.

On the form of granting a license to use copyright and related rights objects in certain ways on the Internet

Introduction. The high pace of development of the Internet and globalization of processes necessitate the introduction of new approaches to the regulation of relations in the field of intellectual property. The transition of business to online, the use of the Internet as a tool for advertising and promotion of goods and services, including the use of content of other parties, creates new challenges related to the efficient and, at the same time, legal transfer of intellectual property rights between the parties. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the aspects of national legislation that complicate the transfer of rights to copyright and related rights on the Internet and to find solutions to overcome them by enshrining special rules. Results. The paper reveals the need to introduce an individual approach by adopting special rules to determine the forms of transactions for the disposal of intellectual property rights in respect of certain objects in certain ways. In particular, this applies to granting permission (license) to use copyright and related rights objects in certain ways on the Internet. The paper provides examples of the already implemented individual approach to the regulation of intellectual property rights in the national legislation of Ukraine with regard to certain categories of objects. The author analyzes the forms of transactions enshrined in the legislation, the methods of their execution and the consequences of non-compliance with such forms, namely, the written form, in particular, with regard to transactions on disposal of intellectual property rights. The author recognizes the need to introduce alternative methods of granting permission (license) for the use of copyright and related rights objects on the Internet in order to eliminate formal obstacles, which will simplify the process of making such transactions and meet the needs of users of Internet resources who are interested in distributing user-generated content of others. Conclusion. It is proposed to amend the Law of Ukraine "On Copyright and Related Rights" to establish a new type of transaction on the basis of which intellectual property rights are disposed of, namely, a license for reproduction and interactive provision of access to a copyrighted work or a related work on the Internet, and to define the terms and conditions of such a license and the form (method) of its transfer.

Transitioning to proof via writing scripts on the rules of a new discourse

Coming from the commognitive standpoint, we consider proof-based mathematics as a distinct discourse, the transition to which requires special rules for endorsement and rejection of mathematical statements. In this study, we investigate newcomers’ learning of these rules when being taught them explicitly. Our data come from academically motivated high-school students who took a special course in undergraduate mathematics. The course teacher dedicated three academic hours to introducing and explaining selected rules of proof to support students’ shift to the new discourse. The homework assignment consisted of typical proof-requiring problems and a scriptwriting task, asking students to compose a dialogue between fictional characters about a proof-related mistake of their choice. We analyzed the differences and similarities between the rules discussed in the classroom and those that students addressed and implemented in their proofs. The analysis showed that while students’ solutions to proof-requiring problems required rule implementation, fictitious dialogues opened the space for rule formulation and substantiation. In many cases, the students discussed the rules presented in the classroom, extending, elaborating, and specifying the teacher’s formulations. Furthermore, while the students’ proofs were mainly consistent with the teacher’s expectations, some of their rule formulations were more radical and overgeneralized than expected. These findings suggest that newcomers’ communication about the rules of proof may lag behind their capability to implement those rules to prove mathematical statements.

A Universal Image Compression Sensing–Encryption Algorithm Based on DNA-Triploid Mutation

With the fast growth of information technology (IT), the safety of image transmission and the storing of images are becoming increasingly important. Traditional image encryption algorithms have certain limitations in transmission and security, so there is an urgent need for a secure and reliable image encryption algorithm. A universal compression sensing (CS) image encryption (IE) algorithm based on DNA-triploid mutation (DTM) is presented in this paper. Firstly, by using the CS algorithm, an image is compressed while obtaining a range of chaotic sequences by iteration of a chaotic map. Then, DNA sequences are generated by encoding the image and, based on the DTM, new mutant DNA sequences are generated according to specific rules. Next, the chaotic sequences are operated at the DNA level to perform confusion and diffusion operations on the image to ensure the security of the data. Finally, DNA decoding is carried out to obtain the compressed encrypted image. The simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively complete encryption and decryption of images. The performance test results show that the algorithm has a sufficiently large key space of 10587. The information entropy of the cipher image is close to 8. In summary, both simulation experiments and performance tests fully show that a high level of security and reliability for the proposed algorithm in protecting image privacy is achieved.

Justifications for minority co-owned groups and their corporate law implications

Abstract Corporate groups with listed subsidiaries are common around the world, despite the risks they pose to minority shareholders. Shaping a firm as a web of formally independent, minority-co-owned legal entities facilitates controllers’ diversion of corporate wealth (tunnelling) via intragroup transactions and other nontransactional techniques. This Article problematizes the conventional view of groups as tunnelling-facilitating infrastructures by arguing that organizing as a group with listed subsidiaries (a minority co-owned group) may create value for all shareholders. Organizing as a minority co-owned group may increase transparency, improve performance thanks to the possibility of using stock options for subsidiaries’ managers, allow for the circumvention of inefficient restrictions to dual-class shares, facilitate cross-border acquisitions, and be a second-best solution in the presence of path dependence issues preventing firms from moving from concentrated to dispersed ownership. If these are the economic rationales for having minority co-owned groups, how should the latter be regulated? In continental Europe special corporate law rules centred on a relaxation of directors’ fiduciary duties within minority co-owned groups, with a view to facilitating intragroup transactions, are increasingly popular among academics and policymakers. These rules, in turn, are bound to blur the separation between the minority co-owned listed entity as an independently managed firm and other members of the corporate group. However, because the rationales for minority co-owned groups presuppose the opposite, namely a clear and transparent separation between the minority co-owned listed entity and the group, our conclusion is that stringent self-dealing rules (or at least no less stringent rules than those established for conflicted transactions other than intragroup transactions) are required for minority co-owned groups to create value for all shareholders rather than merely facilitate tunnelling.

On The Thermal Conductivity of Conjugated Polymers for Thermoelectrics

AbstractThe thermal conductivity (κ) governs how heat propagates in a material, and thus is a key parameter that constrains the lifetime of optoelectronic devices and the performance of thermoelectrics (TEs). In organic electronics, understanding what determines κ has been elusive and experimentally challenging. Here, by measuring κ in 17 π‐conjugated materials over different spatial directions, it is statistically shown how microstructure unlocks two markedly different thermal transport regimes. κ in long‐range ordered polymers follows standard thermal transport theories: improved ordering implies higher κ and increased anisotropy. κ increases with stiffer backbones, higher molecular weights and heavier repeat units. Therein, charge and thermal transport go hand‐in‐hand and can be decoupled solely via the film texture, as supported by molecular dynamics simulations. In largely amorphous polymers, however, κ correlates negatively with the persistence length and the mass of the repeat unit, and thus an anomalous, albeit useful, behavior is found. Importantly, it is shown that for quasi‐amorphous co‐polymers (e.g., IDT‐BT) κ decreases with increasing charge mobility, yielding a 10‐fold enhancement of the TE figure‐of‐merit ZT compared to semi‐crystalline counterparts (under comparable electrical conductivities). Finally, specific material design rules for high and low κ in organic semiconductors are provided.

Police Supervision of The Granting of Permits and The Use of Firearms

Supervision and regulation on the use of firearms for members of the National Police has had special rules, especially firearms used by personnel. Supervision and use of firearms for members of the National Police into a theme that is considered serious, because it is closely related to acts of violence. Moreover, violence against oneself is reflected through the suicide of police members. This study uses normative research methods intended implementation of the use of firearms and supervision. Currently, we see that in 2024 there is news about a member of the National Police who committed suicide, namely Brigadier RAT who was found dead in an alpard car parked on Jl. Mampang Prapatan IV, South Jakarta. Based on Psychology Faculty, reza indragiri amriel explained that there is a problem of life, difficulties experienced for a long time at work can lead to suicidal thoughts. This study is limited in the scope of the police's point of view in the form of supervision and issuance of firearms permits for police personnel and is also related to the way leaders manage the workload of their personnel, organizational actions in dealing with the problem of personnel workload and protect their personnel from the risk of deviation in the use of firearms.

The specificity of intermodular recognition in a prototypical nonribosomal peptide synthetase depends on an adaptor domain.

In the quest for new bioactive substances, nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS) provide biodiversity by synthesizing nonproteinaceous peptides with high cellular activity. NRPS machinery consists of multiple modules, each catalyzing a unique series of chemical reactions. Incomplete understanding of the biophysical principles orchestrating these reaction arrays limits the exploitation of NRPSs in synthetic biology. Here, we use nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry to solve the conundrum of how intermodular recognition is coupled with loaded carrier protein specificity in the tomaymycin NRPS. We discover an adaptor domain that directly recruits the loaded carrier protein from the initiation module to the elongation module and reveal its mechanism of action. The adaptor domain of the type found here has specificity rules that could potentially be exploited in the design of engineered NRPS machinery.

The Mediation Existence and Opportunities of State Administrative Court in Supreme Court Regulation

The implementation of mediation in the Indonesian judiciary is regulated in Supreme Court Regulation (PERMA) No. 1 of 2016 on Mediation Procedures in Courts. However, the PERMA only regulates the practice of mediation in District Courts and Religious Courts, not in the State Administrative Court. Nevertheless, the PERMA allows the State Administrative Court to conduct mediation by the provisions of the legislation. However, practical guidelines governing mediation at the State Administrative Court are not detailed. In practice, this legal vacuum has led to a lack of optimisation of mediation as an instrument of dispute resolution at the State Administrative Court. The research aims to analyse the extent of the opportunities provided by the Supreme Court in PERMA No. 1 of 2016 to implement mediation procedures at the State Administrative Court. This research is normative juridical and analytical descriptive conducted by literature review. The data was collected using the documentation technique to be analysed using the normative analysis method. The analysis indicated no specific rules regarding the implementation of mediation at the State Administrative Courts. Still, the opportunity is wide open when viewed from the type of case, which is generally included in the civil case type. Furthermore, then PERMA is not the only absolute legal basis for the implementation of mediation at the State Administrative Court, as confirmed in Article 130 HIR and Article 154 RBg. The PERMA only fills the legal vacuum related to mediation procedures not explained in the previous regulations. Therefore, it is necessary to reform the law related to mediation at the State Administrative Court to achieve a court with integrity, speed, simplicity and low cost.

Towards episode rules with non-overlapping frequency and targeted mining

Data mining has become a popular task due to the explosion of rich data. Frequent episode mining (FEM) is an effective technique for extracting valuable and crucial information from event sequences, playing a significant role in various fields such as market basket analysis, association analysis, and management sciences. A variety of FEM algorithms discover frequent episode rules using the frequency function and anti-monotony. Non-overlapping frequency works well for mining episode rules because it cuts down on unnecessary computations and still follows anti-monotonicity. Leveraging this technique, we propose the NONEPI+ algorithm for discovering rules that were previously overlooked. However, there are no algorithms that can be used to discover episode rules that contain target query rules. To fill the research gap in episode rule mining algorithms, we further propose a novel algorithm called TaER for targeted mining of episode rules, i.e., a set of rules containing specific query rules. TaER can successfully discover the episode rules that the users are more specifically interested in. It can provide direction for prediction tasks in many aspects, such as weather observation, network intrusion, e-commerce, and financial behavior prediction. All source code and datasets are available on GitHub https://github.com/DSI-Lab1/TaER.

The Legal Framework for Electronic Signature in Jordan A Comparative Study with EU Regulations

Electronic signature, owned by the owner is a matter of trust, and it may be difficult for the other contracting party to verify its authenticity , hence the importance of dealing with and organizing digital signature is of paramount importance., The aim of this study is to compare the legislation of the EU and Jordan in governing the responsibility of the authentication service provider concerning electronic signature, to find out whether there is a lack of organized legislation with regard to the work of electronic signature service providers. The article will also examine the adequacy of general regulations in supervising the duties of electronic service providers under Jordanian law. I will emphasize the importance of establishing specific regulations, and the need to establish special rules for this particular responsibility, especially with regard to the development of specific rules in line with the UNCITRAL model law on electronic signatures. As regards the EU directives on electronic signatures and other international legislations, it must be emphasized that the issue of electronic authentication services raises several legal problems that can be resolved. Among others the legal nature of the liability of electronic authentication service providers, their legal basis, and their establishment are still subject to legal controversy. In addition to the scope of this responsibility and the issue of determining the extent of compensation that can be imposed in the event of harm to the customer or others, the Jordanian legislators have not established a specific legal system for the responsibility of the employer and the electronic authentication provider to clarify all the ambiguities to which electronic banking operations are exposed to in order to create an independent and sustainable legislative environment for all the rapid technological development.

Special Rules of the Special Part of the Russian Criminal Code on Participation in the Activities of Organizations Registered in the Russian Federation or other Jurisdictions (Art. 239 of the RF CC)

The Russian legislator does not have a systematic approach to criminalizing the creation of groups of a certain orientation, their leadership and participation in such groups. At first glance, a variety of norms containing a ban on the commission of such acts are the norms of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, enshrined in the Part. 1-3 tbsp. 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. These norms prohibit the creation of associations or organizations, their management and participation in them. This prohibition is due to the nature of the activities of the relevant association or organization. The problem is that we are talking about associations or organizations that have legal status in the Russian Federation, and the activities of the leaders or participants of such organizations, which are prohibited by the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, go beyond the scope determined by their legal status. Thus, a participant or head of a legally existing organization can carry out illegal activities under the guise of such an organization without complicity with anyone, and, consequently, the norms of Art. 239 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation cannot be classified as special norms of the Special Part on criminal associations, since the presence of a criminal association when committing these crimes is an optional circumstance.

Участие публично-правовых образований в цивилистическом процессе: актуальные проблемы

The article examines the procedural aspects of the participation of the state, its subjects and municipalities, state authorities and local governments, officials as a party in civil and arbitration proceedings. It is shown that in a number of cases public legal entities exercise power within the framework of private law relations. At the same time, the civil procedural and arbitration procedural forms do not contain special rules for the consideration of disputes with their participation as a party to the case or a third party. The forms of participation of public entities in civil and arbitration proceedings are differentiated based on the nature of their interest in the case.

Analisis Semantik Dalam Puisi “Hujan Bulan Juni” Karya Sapardi Djoko Damono

Poetry is the recording and interpretation of important human experiences transformed into a memorable and interesting form. Poetry is one type of literary work that is of interest to various groups and age groups. Not only reading poetry, some people are also interested in creating poetry. Linguistically, poetry is mostly free, not bound by specific rules. The use of figurative language sometimes makes it difficult to understand the meaning of beautiful words in poetry. The poem June Rainfall by Sapardi Djoko Damono is the subject of this research. The problem raised by the author is only limited to the meaning of words in this poem. The purpose of this research is to describe the meaning contained in the poem June Rainfall through semantic analysis, which focuses on analyzing lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, referential meaning, and figurative meaning. Qualitative descriptive method is used as the research method. The techniques used in this research include documentation techniques, library techniques, and note-taking techniques. The results of the discussion show that this poem can be analyzed through semantic studies.

The scientific rules, roles, and values that life sciences doctoral students want to see upheld by undergraduate researchers

AbstractArticulating the rules, roles, and values that are expected of undergraduate researchers is important as we strive to create a more accessible path into the scientific community. Rules refer to skills required of scientists, roles refer to behaviors consistent with the expectations of a scientist, and values refer to beliefs of the scientific community. Doctoral student mentors have great potential to serve as agents of influence for undergraduate researchers as undergraduates engage in the process of learning to be a scientist through legitimate peripheral participation. As such, we argue that doctoral students are partially responsible for identifying and promoting the rules, roles, and values that undergraduate researchers develop in scientific research. However, few studies have examined what rules, roles, and values are appreciated, or perceived as desirable, by doctoral students and thus expected of undergraduate research mentees. To address this gap, we surveyed 835 life sciences doctoral students who had mentored or would eventually mentor undergraduate researchers. We assessed what qualities and beliefs they appreciate in undergraduate researchers and what advice they would give to undergraduates to maximize their experiences in research. We analyzed their open‐ended responses using inductive coding and identified specific rules (e.g., effectively communicate), roles (e.g., demonstrate a strong work ethic), and values (e.g., be driven by intrinsic passion) that doctoral students wrote about. We used logistic regression to determine whether demographics predicted differences among doctoral student responses. We found that gender, race/ethnicity, and college generation status predicted what rules, roles, and values doctoral students appreciated and advised undergraduates to adopt. This research illuminates what rules, roles, and values undergraduate researchers are expected to uphold and identifies relationships between mentor identities and the advice they pass on to students.