Specific Reasons Research Articles

Interpersonal hope and loving attention

Abstract Imagine that your lover or close friend has embraced a difficult long-term goal, such as advancing environmental justice, breaking a bad habit, or striving to become a better person. Which stance should you adopt towards their prospects for success? Does supporting our significant others in the pursuit of valuable goals require ignoring part of our evidence? I argue that we have special reasons––reasons grounded in friendship––to hope that our loved ones succeed in their difficult goals. I further propose that hope is an attitude governed by distinctive norms of epistemic rationality. It has a unique impact on motivation and rational action and a special capacity to be met with uptake in hope. Owing to these features, hope is the central attitudinal dimension of truly amiable support based on ‘just vision’.

Investigation on airline passengers’ behaviors for biometric boarding technology: a combined application of TAM, AST, and BRT

ABSTRACT With the application and promotion of digital intelligence technology in various industries, biometric boarding technology (BBT) for airline passengers has been advancing. This study proposed a conceptual model incorporating the technology acceptance model (TAM), agenda setting theory (AST), and behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) in the BBT context. 331 valid cases collected from South Korea were used to estimate the efficiency of the proposed framework in understanding airline passengers’ psychological reactions to BBT use and their future behaviors. This study examined how various variables (specific reasons and concerns about BBT use, perceived ease of use and usefulness of BBT, media exposure, awareness, engagement, and attitudes) influence behavioral intentions relating to BBT. Research findings provide major insights into how to use BBT to enhance passengers’ smart travel experiences and integrate the resilience of smart tourism development under the sharing economy.

Analysis of reasons for visit in completely edentulous patients requiring repeat prosthetic rehabilitation

Background: Complete laminar dentures are currently the most common prosthetic rehabilitation approach in completely edentulous patients. However, acrylic resin, the primary structural material used in these dentures, has certain well-known disadvantages. Identifying the primary reasons for visit in patients requiring replacement of acrylic complete laminar dentures will help determine the best course of action for improving this type of prosthetic rehabilitation. Aim: To assess the reasons for visit in patients requiring replacement of complete laminar dentures. Materials and methods: Between 2021 and 2022, a comprehensive dental examination was performed in completely edentulous patients who had previously used complete laminar dentures and needed to replace them. The primary factors determining the need for replacement dentures of this type were identified, and their frequency during specific time periods was assessed. The risk of functional defects, mechanical failures, and poor esthetic condition was calculated. Nonparametric analysis (chi-squared test) was used to assess statistical differences between the parameters. The frequency of a specific reason for visit was assessed using relative risk (RR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Mechanical failure was the main reason for visit (63.3%) in completely edentulous patients requiring replacement of complete laminar dentures within three years after the dentures were manufactured. After three years of wearing these dentures, the risk of mechanical failure and functional defects significantly increases by 1.8 times (RR=1.4; 95% CI: 0.9–1.9) and 1.6 times (RR=1.6; 95% CI: 1.1–2.6), respectively (p 0.05), with approximately equal frequency (47.8% and 43.7%, respectively). When wearing these dentures for more than six years, visits due to functional defects become the most common (58.3%). Conclusion: The service life of complete laminar dentures is directly associated with the reasons for visit for their replacement. The increased risk of functional defects, such as impaired fixation and stabilization, necessitates developing a set of measures for the prevention of maxillary ridge and mandibular alveolar bone atrophy, as well as dystrophic changes of the mucosa in the denture-supporting area.

Identifying What Drives Employee Interest in Unionization

Once the initial shock that its employees have sufficient interest in forming a union wears off, companies generally begin to recognize that employees have not been brainwashed by some union organizer. Rather, the realization sets in that there are specific reasons, or issues, behind these individuals' signatures on those union cards. But what are they? How does management go about the job of issue determination without stepping over a legal line? Issue development is the most crucial obligation of management during a campaign.

Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis as a Treatment for Neurogenic Bladder in Patients With Lower Extremity Lymphedema After Gynecologic Cancer Treatment.

Neurogenic bladder (NB), a complication of gynecological cancer treatment, entails significant symptoms such as loss of urinary urgency, incontinence, and renal dysfunction. To investigate whether lymphatic fluid stagnation at the pelvis causes NB, we investigated the effectiveness of lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) for NB. In this retrospective study between 2014 and April 2024, LVA was performed on 52 patients complaining of preoperative urinary dysfunction with lower extremity lymphedema following pelvic lymphadenectomy in gynecologic cancer treatment. Pre- and postoperative assessments evaluated NB symptoms and volume reduction of lower extremities. With an average follow-up period of 35.0 months, the volume of the affected limbs was reduced in all patients. Symptoms of urinary function were improved in 44 out of 52 patients, as improved urinary urgency, disappearance of incontinence, and independence from self-catheterization. Among 15 patients who underwent pre- and postoperative questionnaire assessment of NB, the mean score of NB severity decreased significantly from 16.9 ± 7.1 points preoperatively to 4.3 ± 3.6 points postoperatively (p < 0.01). The specific reason for NB following gynecologic cancer treatment remains unclear. Our study results suggest that lymphatic fluid stagnation itself might be a reason for NB and LVA could reduce these symptoms.

Exploring Factors Affecting Millennial Tourists' eWOM Behavior: A Lens of BRT Theory.

This study employs behavioral reasoning theory (BRT) to investigate factors (i.e., personal values, reasons, and attitudes) affecting existing and future behaviors of Millennial tourists' electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM). It uses a mixed-methods approach that includes qualitative interviews with 25 tourists to elicit specific reasons for and against eWOM and a survey of 572 Millennial-Chinese tourists to quantitatively validate our BRT structural model. The statistical results from SmartPLS 3.0 show that all hypotheses on direct effects have gained empirical support except for the relationships between the existing behavior and its respective reasons for and against eWOM. These two insignificant direct effects are, however, shown to be fully mediated by global attitudes, respectively. Moreover, gender moderates the relationships between reasons against eWOM and the existing behavior and reasons for eWOM and future behavior, respectively. Most findings regarding the foregoing direct, mediation, and moderation effects are exploratory. In addition, this study contributes significantly to the literature by successfully developing and validating the scale of reasons for and against Millennial tourists' eWOM within the BRT framework. Destination managers can use this scale of reasons as both a diagnostic tool and a blueprint for eWOM management.

Measuring abortion in claims data: What is the state of the science?

Health care insurance claims are an increasingly common data source for health outcomes research. While researchers have successfully used several claims data sources for many obstetric and gynecologic questions, the use of claims data for abortion and contraception research poses a number of challenges. In this update on the state of the science in identifying abortion in claims data, we review claims data generally, describe commonly used claims data sources, and detail specific reasons why abortion may be underestimated in claims even when employing best practices. We provide examples of successful approaches for identifying abortion in claims and importantly, spell out limitations when making comparisons across site of care, states, and policy contexts. As increased attention is turned to identifying abortion across diverse settings, it is critical best practices are applied so that the most appropriate inferences regarding abortion incidence across contexts over time are drawn.

Lay Religious Associations in Extractive Zones: A Case Study of Diamantina, Brazil

This article considers religion in extractive zones by focusing on a religious practice in an extractive zone, namely, an Afro-Brazilian Irmandade (Catholic lay religious association) devoted to Our Lady of Mercy in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. It adopts approaches from history and cultural studies to examine art, architecture, archives, and material culture, and brings these methodologies into conversation with Mary Louis Pratt’s notion of contact zones, Charles Long’s connection between these zones and new religious practices, Eduardo Gudynas’ definition of extraction, and Macarena Gómez-Barris’ decolonial methodologies for approaching the study of extractive zones. This study is contextualized in the history of mining in Brazil, the connection between mining and enslavement of Africans in the Americas, and the enduring legacy of lay religious associations in Brazil. The article then examines the association’s church, focusing on its late 18th and early 19th century façade and the statues at its main altar, and its 19th and 20th century maintenance records. It suggests that the Irmandades are engaged in a unique religious practice that arises within an extractive region because of specific historical, political, and social reasons, and that they give their members a place within the existing structures even as they challenge them.

Experimental Tests of Slope Failure due to Rainfall using Physical Slope Modeling

In order to investigate the damage due to slope failure is very important. The main aim of this study is to found experimentally the effects of slope and rainfall intensity on stability of slope. We performed number of experimental tests using our varying slope model. To understand the failure mechanism of slopes there are various methods and also some models are been prepared for testing purpose. Slope failure can be occurred due to increase in pore water pressure, weathering of soil, cracking, decomposition of clayey rock fills, intensity of rainfall, duration of rainfall. By considering all these causes analysis of slope stability is most important to protect the slopes from failures. Slope stability analysis can be static, analytical methods to evaluate the stability of hills, natural slopes, excavated slopes etc. Analysis is generally done to understand the causes of failure or factors which affect the movement of slopes etc. Model development is also one of the ways to analyse the slope failure because of some specific reason. So understanding the rainfall effect on the slopes in hilly region is the major aspect to study. Our experimental result shows that vegetation is the effective and economical way of improving stability of slope. It increases that stability of slope by 15 to 25 %.

“Philanthropic Organizations Posted on Social Media: What Important Values Make Netizens React and Donate?”

ABSTRACT This study explores the underlying aspects of netizens’ reactions and actions when viewing philanthropic organizations’ posts on social media. The reactions of netizens in question are pressing the like and/or share buttons and writing comments. Meanwhile, the action is to donate. Our data comes from a survey with open-ended questions. Our respondents totaled 583 people. We found that the reaction of pressing the like button is most often done and generally without a specific reason. Netizens will press the share button when the philanthropic organization’s post evokes emotions. Netizens comment to convey trust and as a way to show sympathy for the beneficiaries. Video is a medium with higher news value and makes netizens more willing to donate than photos. Netizens will donate to a philanthropic organization’s post when they trust the institution, and it contains transparent information about the beneficiaries’ conditions and accountability and touches emotions. The presence of relevant religious quotes in the narrative of philanthropic organizations’ posts also increases netizens’ motivation to donate.

Ozone Doping and Negative Temperature Response in the Explosion Limits of Ethylene-Oxygen Mixtures.

In this work, effects of ozone (O3) addition on ethylene-oxygen (C2H4-O2) mixtures are computationally studied through the explosion limit profiles. The results show that the addition of minute quantities of ozone (with a mole fraction of 0.06% in the oxidizer) shifts the explosion limit of the C2H4-O3-O2 mixtures to the low-temperature regime. Further increases in the ozone concentration gradually strengthen the negative temperature coefficient (NTC) behavior at the second limit. That is because the explosion limit is primarily controlled by the ethylene ozonolysis reaction, and both the sensitivity analysis and chemical reaction rate perturbation method reveal specific kinetic reasons. Furthermore, it is shown that with the increasing equivalence ratio, the explosion limit curve with minute ozone addition rotates counterclockwise around a crossover point, while the explosion limit curve becomes complicated and the NTC behavior appears on the second limit with larger quantities of ozone addition. Furthermore, the effects of dilutions of nitrogen (N2), argon (Ar), carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) on the explosion limits are also studied. To elucidate the different wall elimination effects of different explosion limit regimes, the impacts of surface reactions of six radicals (H, O, OH, HO2, H2O2, and HCO) have been examined and the dominant radicals are found to be H and HO2. The H radicals significantly influence the first explosion limit, while the HO2 radicals impact the entire explosion limit.

Prime Factors Influencing the Reluctance Expressed Toward Orthodontic Treatment Among a Tribal Population with No Prior History of Orthodontic Treatments in the Community: A Cross-sectional Study

Background Perceiving a need for orthodontic treatment is a heuristic process usually conditioned by the interplay between motivational factors and influencing factors in a community with orthodontic awareness and a history of already ongoing or completed orthodontic treatments. Using a verbally assigned index to elicit candid responses, the current study aimed at assessing reluctance toward orthodontic treatment in adolescents with clinically ascertained malocclusion in a community with no prior history of orthodontic treatment. Objectives Tribal adolescents from two regions with clinically ascertained malocclusion but no previous access to orthodontic treatment were evaluated for willingness or reluctance to undergo orthodontic treatment using a verbally assigned Simplified Malocclusion Index for Layperson Evaluation (SMILE index). Methods 2,835 tribal adolescents belonging to the tribal regions of Paderu and Parvathipuram in Andhra Pradesh were questioned to analyze factors related to reluctance toward orthodontic treatment in those with malocclusion. Necessary permission and consent were obtained from the institutional ethical clearance committee, tribal authorities, school authorities, and parents or guardians. Clinical screening employing appropriate infection prevention protocol under natural daylight was used to determine the presence of malocclusion. A verbally assigned SMILE index in the vernacular language of the students with malocclusion was used to record candid responses to analyze possible reluctance toward treatment. Specific reasons for reluctance to undergo treatment were documented and tabulated separately. Pearson chi-square statistical analysis of the data was performed to determine if there was any gender bias. Results At Paderu, of the 68% of the tribal adolescents presenting with malocclusion, the verbally assigned SMILE index revealed that 84.03% of the adolescents were reluctant. The chi-square statistical analysis of the data indicated a gender bias ( X 2 (1, N = 2,016) = 35.99, p &lt; .0001). At Parvathipuram, of the 93% of the tribal adolescents presenting with malocclusion, the SMILE index assigned revealed that 93.05% of the adolescents were reluctant. The chi-square statistical analysis of the data indicated a gender bias ( X 2 (1, N = 819) = 6.42, p = .11). Conclusion The use of the SMILE index allows for a qualitative analysis of reluctance based on the candid subjective inputs from each individual. The study reveals a high degree of orthodontic awareness among the tribal adolescents, and any reluctance toward orthodontic treatment is mainly related to difficulty in access to treatment.

Interactions of genes with alcohol consumption affect insulin sensitivity and beta cell function.

Alcohol consumption has complex effects on diabetes and metabolic disease, but there is widespread heterogeneity within populations and the specific reasons are unclear. Genetic factors may play a role and warrant exploration. The aim of this study was to elucidate genetic variants modulating the impact of alcohol consumption on insulin sensitivity and pancreatic beta cell function within populations presenting normal glucose tolerance (NGT). We recruited 4194 volunteers in Nanjing, 854 in Jurong and an additional 5833 in Nanjing for Discovery cohorts 1 and 2 and a Validation cohort, respectively. We performed an OGTT on all participants, establishing a stringent NGT group, and then assessed insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. Alcohol consumption was categorised as abstinent, light-to-moderate (<210 g per week) or heavy (≥210 g per week). After excluding ineligible individuals, an exploratory genome-wide association study identified potential variants interacting with alcohol consumption in 1862 NGT individuals. These findings were validated in an additional cohort of 2169 NGT individuals. Cox proportional hazard regression was further employed to evaluate the effect of the interaction between the potential variants and alcohol consumption on the risk of type 2 diabetes within the UK Biobank cohort. A significant correlation was observed between drinking levels and insulin sensitivity, accompanied by a consequent inverse relationship with insulin resistance and beta cell insulin secretion after adjusting for confounding factors in NGT individuals. However, no significant associations were noted in the disposition indexes. The interaction of variant rs56221195 with alcohol intake exhibited a pronounced effect on the liver insulin resistance index (LIRI) in the discovery set, corroborated in the validation set (combined p=1.32 × 10-11). Alcohol consumption did not significantly affect LIRI in rs56221195 wild-type (TT) carriers, but a strong negative association emerged in heterozygous (TA) and homozygous (AA) individuals. The rs56221195 variant also significantly interacts with alcohol consumption, influencing the total insulin secretion index INSR120 (the ratio of the AUC of insulin to glucose from 0 to 120 min) (p=2.06 × 10-9) but not disposition index. In the UK Biobank, we found a significant interaction between rs56221195 and alcohol consumption, which was linked to the risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.897, p=0.008). Our findings reveal the effects of the interaction of alcohol and rs56221195 on hepatic insulin sensitivity in NGT individuals. It is imperative to weigh potential benefits and detriments thoughtfully when considering alcohol consumption across diverse genetic backgrounds.

Risk factors associated with consumption of alcohol among Turkish older men and women

ABSTRACT Objectives This study aims to examine the factors associated with alcohol use among individuals aged 60 and above in Türkiye. Methods The microdata obtained from the Türkiye Health Survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute (TSI) in 2019 and 2022 were used in this study. Binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify variables associated with alcohol use in older adults. Results The analysis revealed that gender, age, education level, employment status, marital status, health condition, lung disease, history of heart attack, kidney disease, Alzheimer’s disease, difficulty in carrying or holding items, and tobacco use significantly influence alcohol use among older individuals. Conclusion The study concludes that older males are at a higher risk of alcohol use. It is recommended to develop preventive health programs tailored to address the specific reasons for alcohol initiation and use among men. Aging is a period characterized by reduced activity in both work and social life due to retirement, leading some older individuals to turn to alcohol consumption as a coping mechanism. To promote active aging, it is suggested that the number of senior clubs and elderly solidarity centers affiliated with municipalities should be increased.

Just Give Me A Reason: How goal setting increases the number of blood donations

In general, there is a positive attitude towards blood donation but only a very small percentage of the population are eligible to donate blood actually does. Based on ability-opportunity-motivation theory and goal-setting theory, we espouse that asking potential donors to commit to a donation goal in the form of a specific reason for donating blood increases donation frequency. In an online experiment with a sample of 168 respondents conducted in Austria, different donation goals were developed based on medical data and tested. As a result, we were able to show that asking people to “just” donate, which is currently the standard communication approach of many blood donation organizations, if applied to 100 potential donors would result in 98 blood donations. However, motivating blood donors to reach a goal that requires multiple blood donations more than doubles the number of blood donations over the course of a year. If we think one step further and have potential blood donors select the most appropriate donation goal for them based on the effectiveness, this will triple the amount of blood donated compared to "just donate blood again”. The goal of blood donor organizations should therefore be to use appropriate communication measures to encourage potential blood donors to commit to a blood donation goal that suits them best. This could then motivate them to donate blood more frequently, which would increase the amount of blood donated and secure a continuous supply of much-needed blood.

Possibility of retroactive effect of judicial interpretation of criminal law in the context of its legal certainty

The article addresses the issue of the possibility of retroactive effect of the results of judicial interpretation of criminal law in the context of its legal certainty. It is stated that the effect of a law in time is a manifestation of legal certainty. Predictability of a criminal law does not mean that this law should be understood equally by everyone and be certain and predictable for everyone. Accordingly, courts may interpret criminal law, the result of which should be predictable for the addressee. Based on the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, and also taking into account the theory of “legitimate expectations”, which is widely used, in particular, by the Court of Justice of the European Union, and the activity­based approach to the study of legal phenomena, the author proves that the issue of retroactive effect should be resolved not only with regard to the criminal law itself, but also with regard to the results of judicial interpretation provided by the Supreme Court, which is objectified in the form of legal conclusions set out in the Supreme Court’s rulings, which are binding on all public authorities which apply in their activities a legal act containing the relevant rule of law, and the conclusions on the application of the rules of law set out in the Supreme Court’s rulings are taken into account by other courts when applying such rules of law. If the result of judicial interpretation interprets the criminal law provision that was applicable at the time of the criminal offense more «rigidly», it does not have retroactive effect. If such a result of judicial interpretation is more favorable for the person who committed the criminal offense compared to the interpretation that existed at the time of the criminal offense, then such a result has retroactive effect. The new result of a judicial interpretation of a criminal law provision may have retroactive effect if such interpretation was foreseeable for the addressee of the criminal law and did not violate his legitimate expectations or violate expectations that were not subject to protection for specific reasons.

Risk Management of Supply Chain in Prefabricated Buildings: A Case Study of Leishenshan Hospital

Based on the research of other scholars, this article divides the prefabricated building supply chain into six stages: design and development, production procurement, warehousing and transportation, lifting construction, and facility recycling. Taking the well-known prefabricated building of Leishenshan Hospital as an example, this study analyzes the possible risks of these six stages in the prefabricated building supply chain, such as insufficient design capabilities, production efficiency, the low standardization level of molds, transportation policy constraints, insufficient protection of components during the warehousing and transportation stage, insufficient organizational capacity, inadequate supervision, and problems such as missing recycling processes. Due to the special nature of Leishenshan Hospital, which has received great attention, some risks that have been avoided due to special reasons have been proposed, and the power of management personnel has been strengthened for these risks, digitization and standardization of molds, and strengthen on-site management level. From this study, construction, component production, and design enterprises can learn from measures such as increasing awareness of component recycling.

Obesity and overweight are common among hospitalized patients and are associated with specific causes of admission to an internal medicine department: a cross-sectional study.

Data on the prevalence of obesity among hospitalized patients are limited. Our objective was to capture the rates of overweight and obesity among people admitted to an internal medicine department and to explore a potential association between body mass index (BMI) and causes of hospitalization. Demographic and anthropometric parameters and cause of admission were recorded in all patients admitted to our department over a 30-day period. One hundred and eighteen patients with a mean age of 71.84years and a mean BMI of 26.85kg/m2 were included in the analysis. Among study participants, 53.25% were living with overweight and obesity. Patients admitted for hepatobiliary disease had a higher BMI compared to those admitted for other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (P < 0.001). More than half of patients admitted to an internal medicine department live with obesity or overweight, the specific reasons for admission being associated with a higher BMI.

Constitutionality Use of Arrest Powers at the Pre-Charge Stage in Jordanian Criminal Procedure: Critical Analysis

Only in exceptional circumstances should one use a detention decision, as it is a serious matter. Authorized bodies such as the primary investigation authority and the relevant court issue detention decisions. While there are justifications for detaining someone, it does restrict the defendant's freedom and goes against the presumption of innocence. This study examined the purposes and justifications for detention, along with how the Jordanian Code of Criminal Procedure handles it. The study discovered specific reasons and justifications for detention, despite it being a temporary restriction on the freedom of an accused person without proven guilt. The Jordanian legislator outlines these in Article (114) of the Code. The study also found no conflict between detention and the presumption of innocence. The presumption of innocence is a principle of proof, meaning the burden of proving guilt lies with the prosecution. It doesn't guarantee that a detained person is innocent.

Engaging Faith Based Leaders in the Fight against Glaucoma Related Blindness

Purpose: To determine the role of faith leaders towards reducing glaucoma blindness in Africa. Methodology: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among faith-based leaders in Anambra state. A pretested self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was distributed among consenting faith-leaders. Responses obtained include biodata of respondents and roles. Data obtained was analyzed using IBM SPSS 23. Statistical significance was set at p˂0.05. Results: Out of 167 faith leaders who participated, 123 (73.7%) were males, giving a male to female ratio (M: F) of 2.8:1 and a mean age of 47.02 years ± 13.84 SD. Majority of the participants 54.5% were of the catholic extraction while only 1.2% were Sabbatarians and 65% have a 500-capacity congregation. About two-thirds (65.4%) believed that glaucoma could cause blindness and 79.7% have undergone an eye check for glaucoma. Routine eye/health check was reported among 85.8% of respondents as the main indication for eye examination. About half (51.8%) of those yet to have their eyes examined have no special reason while about 80% believed routine eye check is the best way to prevent glaucoma blindness through routine eye checks, with over half (57.1%) willing to participate in prevention campaigns and 60.4% believed church to be the best avenue for this campaign. Conclusion: The results showed that faith leaders who wield great influence in our environment are willing to participate in campaign against glaucoma blindness in their respective churches.