Specific Realization Research Articles

The process and mechanisms of the capitalization of marine space in China: a case study of mariculture on Guanglu Island, Changhai County

The phenomenon of transforming natural marine space into proliferative capital holds global significance in modern modes of production. Under China’s socialist market economy, the property rights system and resource allocation methods have created a unique approach to the capitalization of marine space. Drawing on concepts related to the capitalization of space and land, this paper develops the idea of the capitalization of marine space. It is a process where the right to use the sea area is transferred by the rights holders through methods such as transfer, lease, or shares and is ultimately put into production as a means of production to realize the creation of capital value and surplus value. Using the mariculture industry on Guanglu Island in Changhai County as a case, this analysis delves into the process and mechanisms of the capitalization of marine space in China, the world’s leading mariculture nation, while considering the material agency of marine space. The research results show that: ① The specific realization process of marine space capitalization in the mariculture industry has gone through three stages: from natural marine space to marine space resources, from marine space resources to marine space assets, and the participation of marine space assets in creating value and surplus value. ② The material agency of marine space determines the feasibility of the capitalization of marine space and is also the decisive subject in shaping the specific practice of capitalization. The survival and profit needs of mariculture fishermen and enterprises drive the realization of the capitalization of marine space. China’s central and local governments participate in realizing the capitalization of marine space with the relevant institutional policies and norms aimed at economic development.

Introduction

Members of ISFNR Charms, Charming and Charmers working group has studied data from different eras and regions including texts, material objects such as amulets, religious norms and practices, and incantations. Different periods and regions have their own specific variations, intertextual transmissions, poetic and linguistic realisations, text types and motifs. The diversity of charm research is highlighted through published monographs, dissertations and articles. At the same time, databases have been developed in several countries, the creation of which stems from personal initiatives and the research needs of scholars with digital collections and databases being opened in Hungary, Latvia, Romania, Russia (Vepsian material), Belarus, and Estonia. Several novel techniques to assist in content analysis were used alongside quantitative research.

A sequential meta-transfer (SMT) learning to combat complexities of physics-informed neural networks: Application to composites autoclave processing

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have gained popularity in solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) via integrating physical laws into the training of neural networks, making them superior in many scientific and engineering applications. However, conventional PINNs still fall short in accurately approximating the solution of complex systems with strong nonlinearity, especially in long temporal domains. Besides, since PINNs are designed to approximate a specific realization of a given PDE system, they lack the necessary generalizability to efficiently adapt to new system configurations. This entails computationally expensive re-training from scratch for any new change in the system. To address these shortfalls, in this work a sequential meta-transfer (SMT) learning framework is proposed, offering a unified solution for both fast training and efficient adaptation of PINNs in highly nonlinear systems with long temporal domains. Specifically, the framework decomposes PDE's time domain into smaller time segments to create “easier” PDE problems for PINNs training. Then for each time interval, a meta-learner is assigned and trained to achieve an optimal initial state for rapid adaptation to a range of related tasks. Transfer learning principles are then leveraged across time intervals to further reduce the computational cost. Through a composites autoclave processing case study, it is shown that SMT is clearly able to enhance the adaptability of PINNs while significantly reducing computational cost, by a factor of 100.

Realizability modulo theories

In this paper we study the problem of realizability of reactive specifications written in LTLT, which is the extension of LTL where atomic propositions can be literals from a first-order theory, including arithmetic theories. We present a solution based on transforming LTLT specifications into purely Boolean specifications by (1) substituting theory literals by Boolean variables, and (2) computing an additional Boolean formula that captures the dependencies between the new variables imposed by the literals. We prove that the resulting specification is realizable if and only if the original specification is realizable. Moreover, the resulting specification can be passed to existing Boolean off-the-shelf synthesis and realizability tools, which can handle only Boolean LTL specifications.A second contribution is to prove that LTLT realizability of theories with a decidable ∃⁎∀⁎ fragment is decidable for all combinations of LTL temporal modalities. We present a simple version of our method, which relies on SMT solving, and performs a brute-force search to construct the “extra requirement”. A third contribution is an algorithm that checks whether a candidate is a correct Booleanization in non-Boolean LTL realizability.

Autonomous quantum heat engine based on non-Markovian dynamics of an optomechanical Hamiltonian

We propose a recipe for demonstrating an autonomous quantum heat engine where the working fluid consists of a harmonic oscillator, the frequency of which is tuned by a driving mode. The working fluid is coupled two heat reservoirs each exhibiting a peaked power spectrum, a hot reservoir peaked at a higher frequency than the cold reservoir. Provided that the driving mode is initialized in a coherent state with a high enough amplitude and the parameters of the utilized optomechanical Hamiltonian and the reservoirs are appropriate, the driving mode induces an approximate Otto cycle for the working fluid and consequently its oscillation amplitude begins to increase in time. We build both an analytical and a non-Markovian quasiclassical model for this quantum heat engine and show that reasonably powerful coherent fields can be generated as the output of the quantum heat engine. This general theoretical proposal heralds the in-depth studies of quantum heat engines in the non-Markovian regime. Further, it paves the way for specific physical realizations, such as those in optomechanical systems, and for the subsequent experimental realization of an autonomous quantum heat engine.

Boundedness and Convergence of Mini-batch Gradient Method with Cyclic Dropconnect and Penalty

Dropout is perhaps the most popular regularization method for deep learning. Due to the stochastic nature of the Dropout mechanism, the convergence analysis of Dropout learning is challenging and the existing convergence results are mainly of probability nature. In this paper, we investigate the deterministic convergence of the mini-batch gradient learning method with Dropconnect and penalty. By drawing and presenting a set of samples of the mask matrix of Dropconnect regularization into the learning process in a cyclic manner, we establish an upper bound of the norm of the weight vector sequence and prove that the gradient of the cost function, the cost function itself, and the weight vector sequence deterministically converge to zero, a constant, and a fixed point respectively. Considering Dropout is mathematically a specific realization of Dropconnect, the established theoretical results in this paper are also valid for Dropout learning. Illustrative simulations on the MNIST dataset are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.

Non-radiative configurations of a few quantum emitters ensembles: Evolutionary optimization approach

Suppressing the spontaneous emission in quantum emitters ensembles (atoms) is one of the topical problems in quantum optics and quantum technology. While many approaches are based on utilizing the subradiance effect in ordered quantum emitters arrays, the ensemble configurations providing the minimal spontaneous emission rate are yet unknown. In this work, we employ the differential evolution algorithm to identify the optimal configurations of a few atomic ensembles that support quantum states with maximal radiative lifetime. We demonstrate that atoms tend to assemble mostly in quasi-regular structures with specific geometry, which strongly depends on the minimally allowed interatomic distance rmin. While the discovered specific non-radiative realizations of small ensembles cannot be immediately predicted, there is particular correspondence to the non-radiative states in the atomic lattices. In particular, we have found that states inheriting their properties either from the bound states in the continuum or band edge states of infinite lattices dominate across a wide range of rmin values. Additionally, we show that for small interatomic distances, the linear arrays with modulated spacing have the smallest radiative losses exponentially decreasing as the size of the ensemble increases.

Direct bounds on Left-Right gauge boson masses at LHC Run 2

While the third run of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is ongoing, the underlying theory that extends the Standard Model remains so far unknown. Left-Right Models (LRMs) introduce a new gauge sector, and can restore parity symmetry at high enough energies. If LRMs are indeed realized in nature, the mediators of the new weak force can be searched for in colliders via their direct production. We recast existing experimental limits from the LHC Run 2 and derive generic bounds on the masses of the heavy LRM gauge bosons. As a novelty, we discuss the dependence of the WR and ZR total width on the LRM scalar content, obtaining model-independent bounds within the specific realizations of the LRM scalar sectors analysed here. These bounds avoid the need to detail the spectrum of the scalar sector, and apply in the general case where no discrete symmetry is enforced. Moreover, we emphasize the impact on the WR production at LHC of general textures of the right-handed quark mixing matrix without manifest left-right symmetry. We find that the WR and ZR masses are constrained to lie above 2 TeV and 4 TeV, respectively.

A microscopic investigation of the effect of random envelope fluctuations on phoneme-in-noise perception.

In this study, we investigated the effect of specific noise realizations on the discrimination of two consonants, /b/ and /d/. For this purpose, we collected data from twelve participants, who listened to /aba/ or /ada/ embedded in one of three background noises. All noises had the same long-term spectrum but differed in the amount of random envelope fluctuations. The data were analyzed on a trial-by-trial basis using the reverse-correlation method. The results revealed that it is possible to predict the categorical responses with better-than-chance accuracy purely based on the spectro-temporal distribution of the random envelope fluctuations of the corresponding noises, without taking into account the actual targets or the signal-to-noise ratios used in the trials. The effect of the noise fluctuations explained on average 8.1% of the participants' responses in white noise, a proportion that increased up to 13.3% for noises with a larger amount of fluctuations. The estimated time-frequency weights revealed that the measured effect originated from confusions between noise fluctuations and relevant acoustic cues from the target sounds. Similar conclusions were obtained from simulations using an artificial listener.

A Survey on the Current Situation of High-Quality Development of Employment and Entrepreneurship Services in Hebei Universities under the Background of Digital Intelligence

Digital intelligence technology is an important engine for economic and social development. Digital intelligence has brought new opportunities for employment and entrepreneurship services in Hebei universities. This paper first defines the connotation of high-quality development of employment and entrepreneurship services in Hebei universities from four aspects: development philosophy, development mode, development path, and development momentum. Then, through field research and questionnaire surveys, the current situation of employment and entrepreneurship services in Hebei universities is thoroughly investigated, and the advantages and bottlenecks of high-quality development of employment and entrepreneurship services in Hebei universities are analyzed. This survey lays a solid foundation for the follow-up research on the specific realization path of high-quality development of employment and entrepreneurship services in Hebei universities under the background of digital intelligence.

Analiza sistema testiranja opšte i specifične fizičke pripremljenosti vatrogasaca različitih država sveta i Republike Srbije

The aim of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of different methodologies for testing the basic and specific physical preparation of firefighters that are applied in different countries of the world and, based on the application of the synthesis of knowledge, to provide a theoretical basis for the optimization and definition of the most adequate model of testing the fire service in the Republic of Serbia. Adequate levels of firefighting skills, physical abilities and energetic mechanisms of energy generation, contribute to reducing the risk of injuries and enable firefighters to resist the overall stress in the profession and to be efficient in specific task realization. Different countries worldwide have different methodologies for testing basic and specific physical preparedness of firefighters. Current testing systems implemented in the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Spain, Sweden and South Korea were analyzed. The analysis found that there is a significant correlation between the values of the basic and specific tests of the physical abilities of firefighters, with the fact that the specific tests are performed in complete personal protection. Based on the synthesis of applied tests and abilities in the analyzed countries, it was established that 24 tests are used to assess basic physical abilities, 14 for specific abilities and 29 for specific physical abilities. In accordance with the established results, it can be concluded that it is necessary to develop specific standardized test procedures for use throughout the fire service in Serbia. In addition to a more efficient assessment of specific physical preparedness, this would also enable control of the state of our firefighters through a more valid comparison of results, which would help in the development of normative data and new methodology needed for more efficient professionalization of the fire service. Established results imply that testing should be conducted biannually with the implementation of specific tests in complete personal protective equipment (PPE) with firefighting equipment. Also, it is necessary to enable adequate testing conditions for firefighters in smaller firefighting units in corresponding testing conditions with equipment.

INTEGRATING MOTION PRIORS FOR END-TO-END ATTENTION-BASED MULTI-OBJECT TRACKING

Abstract. Recent advancements in multi-object tracking (MOT) have heavily relied on object detection models, with attention-based models like DEtection TRansformer (DETR) demonstrating state-of-the-art capabilities. However, the utilization of attention-based detection models in tracking poses a limitation due to their large parameter count, necessitating substantial training data and powerful hardware for parameter estimation. Ignoring this limitation can lead to a loss of valuable temporal information, resulting in decreased tracking performance and increased identity (ID) switches. To address this challenge, we propose a novel framework that directly incorporates motion priors into the tracking attention layer, enabling an end-to-end solution. Our contributions include: I) a novel approach for integrating motion priors into attention-based multi-object tracking models, and II) a specific realisation of this approach using a Kalman filter with a constant velocity assumption as motion prior. Our method was evaluated on the Multi-Object Tracking dataset MOT17, initial results are reported in the paper. Compared to a baseline model without motion prior, we achieve a reduction in the number of ID switches with the new method.

Polynomial algebras from commutants: Classical and Quantum aspects of 𝒜3

We review some aspects of the Racah algebra R(n), including the closure relations, pointing out their role in superintegrability, as well as in the description of the symmetry algebra for several models with coalgebra symmetry. The connection includes the generic model on the (n − 1) sphere. We discuss an algebraic scheme of constructing Hamiltonians, integrals of the motion and symmetry algebras. This scheme reduces to the Racah algebra R(n) and the model on the (n − 1) sphere only for the case of specific differential operator realizations. We review the method, which allows us to obtain the commutant defined in the enveloping algebra of 𝔰𝔩(n) in the classical setting. The related 𝒜3 polynomial algebra is presented for the case 𝔰𝔩(3). An explicit construction of the quantization of the scheme for 𝒜3 by symmetrization of the polynomial and the replacement of the Berezin bracket by commutator and symmetrization of the polynomial relations is presented. We obtain the additional quantum terms. These explicit relations are of interest not only for superintegrability, but also for other applications in mathematical physics.

Câteva observații despre... noi. Clusivitatea în limba română

As in (almost) all the other European languages and varieties, clusivity has no specific morphological realizations in Romanian. Even if clusivity is not a grammatical category in its own right, it is discursively and pragmatically relevant. Speakers make strategic use of the first-person plural form for expressing inclusion or exclusion of co-participants and/or third parties. Inclusive we-forms express the speaker’s involvement and are used to avoid/mitigate FTAs and to mediate direct assertions contingent on the addressee’s approval and consensus. Predicates with exclusive we are usually less mediated than those with inclusive we. Non-extended exclusive we-usages are used by speakers to narrate habitual activities that they and a close person from their family or their professional group have participated in. Extended exclusive we or extended inclusive we-forms index the speaker as a member of a group (based on his/her nationality, ethnicity, etc.). In addition, inclusive we-usages can be oriented to the interlocutor or to the 3rd party, and the speaker (= eu) can be de-emphasized and play a different role. Although these oriented inclusive we-usages are considered non-canonical, non-prototypical, or simple person inversions and (somehow) non-sensitive to clusivity, our examples prove that, on the contrary, they cannot be understood without taking into consideration clusivity (their reference is not obtained by deleting eu, it is not eu + tu, but the result of a combination between de-emphasized eu + emphasized tu). The complex mechanisms by which speakers (en)code and decode the inclusive/exclusive we-forms go beyond the scope of deixis and reference, to meet concepts such as perspective, stance, persuasion, (de)legitimisation, etc.

Toward Full Passive Internet of Things: Symbiotic Localization and Ambient Backscatter Communication

In this paper, we proposed a symbiotic localization and ambient backscatter communication (SLABC) architecture, which uses existing ambient backscatter communication (AmBC) hardware and received signals to help Internet of Things (IoT) localize target objects. The SLABC can be viewed as a specific realization of integrated passive/symbiotic sensing and communication, which has two mutually beneficial stages: 1) sensing stage with generalized Prony with homologous matching (GPHM) method; 2) communication stage with multi-source constant modulus algorithm (MSCMA) method. To formulate SLABC, we propose a unified TMSC signal model to characterize the complex multi-source, multi-path and multi-reflection symbiotic communication (TMSC) and facilitate the key information extraction. Utilizing the frequency domain expression of the unified signal model and the similarity between multi-path channel coefficients and tap coefficients of equalizers, our proposed GPHM and MSCMA methods are efficient to mitigate the TMSC interference and retrieve the interested information to locate targets and communicate. The proposed SLABC concept updates the symbiotic AmBC IoT with the least cost and reduces the dependence on hardware stacking. The simulation results show that: 1) information extracted by GPHM and MSCMA can help localization achieve high accuracy and reduce the complexity of multi-path interference mitigation; 2) both of the two methods have a positive influence on each other.

Exploring the landscape of dismantling strategies based on the community structure of networks

Network dismantling is a relevant research area in network science, gathering attention both from a theoretical and an operational point of view. Here, we propose a general framework for dismantling that prioritizes the removal of nodes that bridge together different network communities. The strategies we detect are not unique, as they depend on the specific realization of the community detection algorithm considered. However, when applying the methodology to some synthetic benchmark and real-world networks we find that the dismantling performances are strongly robust, and do not depend on the specific algorithm. Thus, the stochasticity inherently present in many community detection algorithms allows to identify several strategies that have comparable effectiveness but require the removal of distinct subsets of nodes. This feature is highly relevant in operational contexts in which the removal of nodes is costly and allows to identify the least expensive strategy that still holds high effectiveness.

Space-time variational material modeling: a new paradigm demonstrated for thermo-mechanically coupled wave propagation, visco-elasticity, elasto-plasticity with hardening, and gradient-enhanced damage

We formulate variational material modeling in a space-time context. The starting point is the description of the space-time cylinder and the definition of a thermodynamically consistent Hamilton functional which accounts for all boundary conditions on the cylinder surface. From the mechanical perspective, the Hamilton principle then yields thermo-mechanically coupled models by evaluation of the stationarity conditions for all thermodynamic state variables which are displacements, internal variables, and temperature. Exemplary, we investigate in this contribution elastic wave propagation, visco-elasticity, elasto-plasticity with hardening, and gradient-enhanced damage. Therein, one key novel aspect are initial and end time velocity conditions for the wave equation, replacing classical initial conditions for the displacements and the velocities. The motivation is intensively discussed and illustrated with the help of a prototype numerical simulation. From the mathematical perspective, the space-time formulations are formulated within suitable function spaces and convex sets. The unified presentation merges engineering and applied mathematics due to their mutual interactions. Specifically, the chosen models are of high interest in many state-of-the art developments in modeling and we show the impact of this holistic physical description on space-time Galerkin finite element discretization schemes. Finally, we study a specific discrete realization and show that the resulting system using initial and end time conditions is well-posed.

Antyczno-chrześcijańskie proweniencje staropolskiej literatury pastoralnej

This article describes the influence of the ancient and Christian tradition on the formation of the genology of the idyll. It is a species structure that has a special kind of motivation, which was manifested in the methods of its conventionalization. The author presents the stage of the entry of the idyll into Polish literature of the Renaissance starting with the first Latin-language traces of idyllic creativity by Pietro Illicino and Stanisław Koszutski. Currently, these literary works are little known, although the circumstances of their creation are very interesting. Furthermore, bucolic provenance was discussed, referring to the Italian and Greek traditions. The theme of ancient and Roman Catholic Arcadia was analysed. The systematized theoretical record includes information on the relationship of the idyll with other pastoral genres, such as eclogues, carols or pastorales. The article also interprets idylls that refer to the Christian concept of neoplatonic love, i.e. the divine Amor divinus and the wordly Amor profanus. The process of transforming a Latin idyll into a Polish-language idyll is presented in the context of cultural and literary conditions of that time. This article contains a description of important genre criteria (with the textual exemplifications) gradually adapted by the first authors of pastoral literature, such as: Jan Kochanowski, Szymon Szymonowic and the Zimorowic brothers. The opus of these poets prove the numerous transformations of idyllic criteria in specific textual realizations, showing the complicated path in the location of the idyll in the canon of literature and in Polish culture in general, with its lifespan and topicality at the same time. Key words: idyll, genology, Antiquity, Renaissance, Christianity, Jan Kochanowski, Szymon Szymonowic, Szymon Zimorowic, Józef Bartłomiej Zimorowic

Explicit and implicit (im)politeness: A corpus-based study of the Chinese formulaic expression “Nikezhen+X”

This paper investigates the specific realization and recognition of explicit and implicit (im)politeness in interpersonal communication by drawing on a corpus-based data analysis of the metapragmatic expression “Nikezhen+X” commonly used for evaluations in Chinese. The results of the study reveal that this formulaic expression can be used for both explicit and implicit (im)politeness evaluations, which reside in the literal meaning (what is said) and the implicated meaning (what is implicated), respectively. From the addressee’s perspective, explicit (im)politeness is recognized based on the literal or conventional meaning accepted by default. Implicit (im)politeness, in contrast, is recognized on the basis of the implicated meaning intended by the speaker in the situational context. Recognition of (im)politeness depends on how the speaker uses the expression to represent his or her intention in relation to a set of politeness elements, namely, friendliness, attitudinal warmth, and respectfulness, which are highly valued according to the Chinese Politeness Principle. This empirical analysis of the realization and recognition of explicit and implicit (im)politeness sheds new light on the interaction of politeness and implicatures and to some extent poses a challenge to the general understanding of indirectness as politeness.

Nonlinearity-Induced Optical Torque.

Optically induced mechanical torque driving rotation of small objects requires the presence of absorption or breaking cylindrical symmetry of a scatterer. A spherical nonabsorbing particle cannot rotate due to the conservation of the angular momentum of light upon scattering. Here, we suggest a novel physical mechanism for the angular momentum transfer to nonabsorbing particles via nonlinear light scattering. The breaking of symmetry occurs at the microscopic level manifested in nonlinear negative optical torque due to the excitation of resonant states at the harmonic frequency with higher projection of angular momentum. The proposed physical mechanism can be verified with resonant dielectric nanostructures, and we suggest some specific realizations.