Specific Problems Research Articles

The effect of yoga practices on health parameters: A review

Yoga, a practice originating in India thousands of years ago, has gained immense popularity today and its effects are under scrutiny. Numerous studies demonstrate the positive impact of various types of yoga on human physiology. Specifically, research highlights the ability of yoga to mitigate stress and anxiety, as well as increase serotonin and dopamine hormones, facilitating healthy coping mechanisms in modern living. For a healthy lifestyle, yoga can be an important addition to a nutritious diet. While numerous studies have reported on the positive effects of yoga, its complete impact has yet to be fully understood. It may be recommended that the studies planned to be addressed in the future on the subject should be carried out for a specific health problem, should have a methodologically good and high quality structure and the sample size should be kept large. This review found that yoga has significant positive effects on anxiety and depression. It also increases hormones such as serotonin and dopamine in the body, which can lead to a more positive outlook. However, the review found statistically insignificant decreases in fasting blood glucose levels, postprandial blood glucose levels, and HbA1c. Additionally, yoga was found to significantly improve quality of life.

Abstract 1304: Employing widening funds to address inequity in cancer research - example of the STEPUPIORS collaborative rectal cancer project

Abstract Introduction: Treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) improves local control and survival, but response varies. Patients treated at the Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia (IORS) who undergo surgery upon complete response might be exposed to risks and poor quality of life. A consortium dedicated to redefining prognostic and predictive biomarkers in rectal cancer was formed within the framework of the STEPUPIORS Horizon Europe project. The current study evaluated whether employing collaborative widening funds might lead to sustainable strategies for cancer treatment, lowering inequity and steering societal impact, especially in countries with limited resources, using a pilot rectal cancer project. Patients and Methods: The analysis was performed in the period Oct 01, 2022, to Oct 01, 2023, with a Serbian coordinating institution and partners from Spain, Greece, and the Netherlands as expert twinning centers. RT was administered to 75 patients with LARC using volumetric modulated arc therapy-simultaneous integrated boost approach/concomitant chemotherapy (5FU/Leucovorin, week 1&5) for the first time in Serbia. A comprehensive approach towards building human capacities on biobanking, multiomics analyses and project management was developed through intensive training and expert visits. Consensus consortium decisions were reached on regular partner meetings. Results: Patients with clinical complete response (16.0%) and initially distant-located tumors were enrolled in the watch and wait approach and are under follow up. Developed pipelines for multiomics analyses led to 4 high-quality papers on new predictive biomarkers to nCRT in LARC and the deposition of omics data in open-science repositories following FAIR data principles. A first Serbian cancer biobank was successfully installed. Fifteen IORS researchers (87% female), were certified in biobanking. A grant management office was established to provide and support the sustainability of future research projects. This led to 5 new grant applications and enrollment of 1 female project member in a Masters program for Management in the Health Care System. Conclusion: This study showed that even within the first 12 months, implementation of a 3-year collaborative grant dedicated to a specific research problem, might significantly change educational and treatment strategies enabling better patient care (OCEBM level of evidence 3). The results highlight that disparities in cancer outcomes and health equity might only be addressed by progressing beyond descriptions of said outcomes and taking specific action. Systematic, long-term strategic initiatives and collaborations among relevant stakeholders and ethical, legal and societal structures are needed in more countries. Acknowledgements: Horizon Europe Project STEPUPIORS (101079217). Citation Format: Milena Cavic, Ana Djuric, Mladen Marinkovic, Aleksandra Stanojevic, Miljana Tanic, Snezana Bjelogrlic, Jelena Spasic, Ana Damjanovic, Marija Djordjic Crnogorac, Ana Vuletic, Katarina Mirjacic Martinovic, Marko Radulovic, Suzana Stojanovic-Rundic, Ana Krivokuca, Radmila Jankovic, Sergi Castellvi-Bel, Jerome Zoidakis, Remond J. Fijneman. Employing widening funds to address inequity in cancer research - example of the STEPUPIORS collaborative rectal cancer project [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 1304.

The anchorage in cramped travel conditions

It is known that the safety of the anchorage is largely determined by the correct choice of the anchorage location, the depth and type of soil, the dimensions of the water area, protection from wind exposure, the presence of currents in the anchorage. Parking on sea raids in terms of the limited water area does not pose any special problems. In river conditions, the raids are located in close proximity to the ship's passage and are limited in width. Therefore, the question of the width of the strip occupied by the anchored vessel is important. Vessels on the river usually stand on the bow anchor against the current, but quite often, with strong crosswinds, it is necessary to give up the stern anchor in order to reduce the width of the lane occupied by the vessel and not interfere with the movement of passing vessels. The paper presents studies of safe conditions for anchoring ships in river conditions with wind in a limited-sized water area at different flow speeds. Calculated dependences are obtained for determining the transverse size of the water area occupied by a vessel standing at the bow anchor, bow and stern anchors with respect to the axis of the ship's course, depending on the speed of the current, wind speeds and direction.

Path and trajectory planning of a RPRPR planar parallel robot for prevention of high-order singularities

Parallel robots have many remarkable advantages over their conventional serial counterparts. Highly accurate positioning capability and high payload-to-weight ratio are among the main ones. The main factor underlying all these advantages is their closed-loop construction. However, this constructional feature also causes a special singularity problem, which constitutes their biggest disadvantage. Characteristic singularities classified as Type II exist inside their workspace, around which the magnitude of the inverse dynamic solution grows unboundedly. This naturally yields the saturation of the actuators and eventually in uncontrollability of the robot. Consequently, the whole workspace becomes impossible to be used. In order to pass through a Type II singularity, the consistency of the motion equations of the robot must be maintained at that singularity. However, any Type II singular configuration can transform into a high-order singularity, which, in order to be passed through, requires additional conditions other than the consistency. Therefore, full utilization of the whole workspace with a minimum number of conditions requires to avoid high-order singularities. The present article contributes to the literature by developing path and trajectory planning principles for preventing a two-degree-of-freedom planar parallel robot with RPRPR structure from experiencing high-order singularities.

A synthetic agent to simulate decisional behaviour of designers working with an active recommender framework system

Application-specific reasoning mechanisms (ASRMs) development is a rapidly growing domain of systems engineering. A demonstrative implementation of an active recommender system (ARS) was realized to support designing ASRMs and to circumvent procedural obstacles by providing context-sensitive recommendations. The specific problem for the research presented in this paper was the development of a synthetic validation agent (SVA) to simulate the decisional behaviour of designers and to generate data about the usefulness of the recommendations. The fact of the matter is that the need for the SVA was raised by the pandemic, which prevented involving groups of human designers in the recommendation testing process. The reported research had three practical goals: (i) development of the logical fundamentals for the SVA, (ii) computational implementation of the SVA, and (iii) application of the SVA in data generation for the evaluation of usefulness of recommendation. The SVA is based on a probabilistic decisional model that quantifies decisional options according to the assumed decisional tendencies. The three key concepts underlying the SVA are (i) decisional logic, (ii) decisional knowledge, and (iii) decisional probability. These together enable generation of reliable data about the decisional behaviours of human designers concerning the obtained recommendations. The completed tests proved the above assumption.

Features of analytical control of glyphosate salts in preparative formulations

Goal. Development of a method of analytical control of glyphosate in preparative forms of herbicides.
 Methods. Determination of glyphosate was carried out by the chromatographic method of thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using Sorbfil plates with a thin layer of silica gel KSK adsorbent. The active substance was identified by the value of Rf, quantitative determination was based on the formalized dependence of the size of the area of the chromatographic zones on the amount of glyphosate.
 Results. Physicochemical properties of herbicides — electrolytes, to which glyphosate belongs, create special problems when developing methods for its determination in various matrices. In herbicides and desiccants, glyphosate (as a salt) usually takes the form of a deprotonated acid residue and a corresponding cation. Therefore, the determination of the active substance is carried out by the acid residue, which is important for the quantitative assessment of its content in the matrix both in the acid equivalent and in the form of the corresponding salt. The density of the preparative form serves, in particular, as a criterion for controlling the form of the glyphosate salt. The method is based on dissolution of the preparation form in 44% ethanol and quantitative determination by TLC method. The determination of the active substance is not hindered by other components of the preparations, derivatives of glycine and amines.The optimal conditions of analysis were chosen using the conceptual designs of the laboratory «Algorithm of chemical-analytical monitoring of pesticides» and «System of multi-quantitative determination of pesticides in matrices», according to which the main stages of the process are extraction/dissolution, purification of extracts, elution (chromatographic process), identification and quantitative analysis . Selective conditions for TLC determination — mobile phase with pH 9: distilled water + ethanol + aqueous ammonia (22 + 20 + 0.25 by volume), developing reagent: a specific complex of ninhydrin with cadmium acetate in an acidic medium. Quantitative determination is carried out taking into account the coefficients of conversion of the corresponding salt form to the acid equivalent.
 Conclusions. The use of the chromatographic method of thin-layer chromatography makes it possible to control the content of the active substance glyphosate in various salt formulations in preparative forms of herbicides and desiccants with high accuracy and reproducibility.

PROGRAM UMAYA: UMKM MANDIRI DAN BERDAYA

The problems experienced by PANCASONA the Small and Medium Business Enterprises (UMKM) are generally in the marketing and branding process. If we are examine further, the first one special problems in Pancasona UMKM there are limitations in product marketing due to a lack of understanding of digital marketing. profitable in promoting products effectively due to the lack of strong branding. Based on the problems were observed regarding the products in Pancasona UMKM. Then carry out an analysis of the potential of the small and Medium business enteeprises in Pancasona (UMKM) and determine a several activity programs it will be implemented on The Small and Medium Business enterprises PANCASONA UMKM , by carrying out companion and innovation programs for Pancasona UMKM to optimize the business potential of the, the small and medium program "PANCASONA" Independent and Empowered by The aim is empower the Small and Medium Business Enterprises (UMKM) in the region to be more independent and empowered. Some of the priority programs will be carried it out are creating banner designs, creating product knowledge and designing digital marketing via social media (Instagram).

Gradient-annihilated PINNs for solving Riemann problems: Application to relativistic hydrodynamics

We present a novel methodology based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for solving systems of partial differential equations admitting discontinuous solutions. Our method, called Gradient-Annihilated PINNs (GA-PINNs), introduces a modified loss function that forces the model to partially ignore high-gradients in the physical variables, achieved by introducing a suitable weighting function. The method relies on a set of hyperparameters that control how gradients are treated in the physical loss. The performance of our methodology is demonstrated by solving Riemann problems in special relativistic hydrodynamics, extending earlier studies with PINNs in the context of the classical Euler equations. The solutions obtained with the GA-PINN model correctly describe the propagation speeds of discontinuities and sharply capture the associated jumps. We use the relative l2 error to compare our results with the exact solution of special relativistic Riemann problems, used as the reference “ground truth”, and with the corresponding error obtained with a second-order, central, shock-capturing scheme. In all problems investigated, the accuracy reached by the GA-PINN model is comparable to that obtained with a shock-capturing scheme, achieving a performance superior to that of the baseline PINN algorithm in general. An additional benefit worth stressing is that our PINN-based approach sidesteps the costly recovery of the primitive variables from the state vector of conserved variables, a well-known drawback of grid-based solutions of the relativistic hydrodynamics equations. Due to its inherent generality and its ability to handle steep gradients, the GA-PINN methodology discussed in this paper could be a valuable tool to model relativistic flows in astrophysics and particle physics, characterized by the prevalence of discontinuous solutions.

Способы передачи субъективной модальности при переводе частицы «же» на английский язык

The study aims to identify possible ways of conveying subjective modality when translating the particle ‘же’ into English. This particle is one of the most frequent lexemes in the Russian language. At the same time, it is capable of conveying a number of connotations, which presents a special problem when translating statements containing the particle. The study is original in that it is the first to identify the lexico-grammatical means of the English language that are used to convey the emotive component of the meaning of the particle in translation. As a result of the study, it was found that a wide range of lexico-grammatical means can be used to convey the connotative part of the meaning when translating the particle into English. The choice of the language means used depends on the interpretation of the connotation of the particle in a certain context. The study shows that there is a correlation between the syntactic and grammatical construction of the sentence, its classification according to the purpose of the utterance and the interpretation of the connotation of the particle. Consequently, the translation of the same particle used in narrative, interrogative and imperative sentences requires the application of different English linguistic means. Thus, the result of the study was the identification of ways to convey subjective modality when translating the particle ‘же’ in different types of sentences.

Slowness in writing numbers in words and in digits among children with a specific learning disorder (SLD) and typically developing (TD)

ABSTRACT Instruction Children with a Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) write linguistic material more slowly than children with typically developing (TD). However, it is not known whether the same difficulties are present when they write numbers. The goal of the present study was to fill this gap and to compare TD’s and SLD’s speed in writing numbers both in words and in digits. Methods Therefore, we examined the ability to write numbers in words and digits (numerals) in a sample of sixth- to eighth-grade children diagnosed with SLD. We assessed 32 children with SLD (17 males and 15 females) and a control group of students with TD matched for sex, age, and grade with two writing speed tasks: writing numbers in words and in digits. The two tasks were administered both in normal condition (N) and in articulatory suppression condition (AS). Results We found that 6th to 8th graders with a SLD were slower than TD children when writing numbers, both in words and in digits, and their slowness was similar in the two cases. However, when the tasks were carried out under a condition of articulatory suppression, the SLD group exhibited a conspicuous impairment, only when writing numbers in words. A similar pattern of performance was observed also in the case of writing errors. Conclusion We concluded that children with SLD have a general speed problem that may affect writing of different materials but also a specific problem related to the processing of phonological information during writing.

The impact of long-distance travel to work on the health of commuting labour migrants: a literature review

This literature review analyzes the impact of commuting labour migration (CLM) on human health. Travel time is one of the major CLM factors affecting migrant health in both active and passive way. Fatigue and stress associated with commuting result in the increased blood pressure and risk of obesity. The paper also dwells upon the impact of CLM on worker stress by gender. The article also explores the relationship between CLM and mortality. Work-life balance plays a crucial role in migrant health, while satisfaction with life can be compromised due to insecure life style associated with CLM. There is an effect of adaptation that can influence migrant health in a positive way. In addition to negative aspects the article reviews benefits of CLM, including improved professional skills and higher income, and effective use of travel time. A special attention is payed to health of the Russian commuting migrants and their specific challenges and problems. The article is a comprehensive review of scientific literature on CLM impact of human health. the results obtained can be used to develop programs and policies aimed at improving health of labour migrants and mitigating negative effects of commuting labour migration.

NEW APPROACHES TO TRANSLATION THEORY AND PRACTICE (FROM THE EXPERIENCE OF CREATING AN EXERCISE BOOK “FOUNDATIONS OF WRITTEN TRANSLATION PRACTICE FROM GERMAN INTO RUSSIAN LANGUAGE”)

The paper discusses the conceptual foundations of a modern exercise book designed to train translators working with the most popular German-language genres, which include journalistic discourse, which is represented by extensive corpora of texts. The authors describe the key linguistic problems and factors influencing the quality of written translation from a foreign language into Russian. The most important factors seem to be logical, institutional, economic and social ones. Their totality largely determines the genre structure and belonging of the text to a certain type of discourse. In the course of the analysis of linguistic means and external factors, the authors come to the conclusion that it is necessary to develop a series of exercise books on the theory and practice of translation aimed at solving specific translation problems and developing specific knowledge, skills and abilities to work with foreign cultural content containing ideological and value components, conflictogenic factors, and subject to the influence of ambisemia. To comprehensively solve the problems associated with the preparation of translators, it is proposed to apply a systematic approach that integrates logical, institutional, economic and social factors.

Solutions of certain initial-boundary value problems via a new extended Laplace transform

Abstract In this article, we present a novel extended exponential kernel Laplace-type integral transform. The Laplace, natural, and Sumudu transforms are all included in the suggested transform. The existence theorem, Parseval-type identity, inversion formula, and other fundamental aspects of the new integral transform are examined in this article. Integral identities define the connections between the new transforms and the established transforms. In order to solve specific initial-boundary value problems, the new transforms are used.

Low-noise cryogenic microwave amplifier characterization with a calibrated noise source.

Parametric amplifiers have become a workhorse in superconducting quantum computing; however, research and development of these devices has been hampered by inconsistent and, sometimes, misleading noise performance characterization methodologies. The concepts behind noise characterization are deceptively simple, and there are many places where one can make mistakes, either in measurement or in interpretation and analysis. In this article, we cover the basics of noise performance characterization and the special problems it presents in parametric amplifiers with limited power handling capability. We illustrate the issues with three specific examples: a high-electron mobility transistor amplifier, a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier, and a Josephson parametric amplifier. We emphasize the use of a 50-Ω shot noise tunnel junction (SNTJ) as a broadband noise source, demonstrating its utility for cryogenic amplifier amplifications. These practical examples highlight the role of loss as well as the additional parametric amplifier "idler" input mode.

The line bisection bias as a deficit of proportional reasoning − evidence from number line estimation in neglect

This study aimed to investigate whether neurological patients presenting with a bias in line bisection show specific problems in bisecting a line into two equal parts or their line bisection bias rather reflects a special case of a deficit in proportional reasoning more generally. In the latter case, the bias should also be observed for segmentations into thirds or quarters. To address this question, six neglect patients with a line bisection bias were administered additional tasks involving horizontal lines (e.g., segmentation into thirds and quarters, number line estimation, etc.). Their performance was compared to five neglect patients without a line bisection bias, 10 patients with right hemispheric lesions without neglect, and 32 healthy controls. Most interestingly, results indicated that neglect patients with a line bisection bias also overestimated segments on the left of the line (e.g., one third, one quarter) when dissecting lines into parts smaller than halves. In contrast, such segmentation biases were more nuanced when the required line segmentation was framed as a number line estimation task with either fractions or whole numbers. Taken together, this suggests a generalization of line bisection bias towards a segmentation or proportional processing bias, which is congruent with attentional weighting accounts of line bisection/neglect. As such, patients with a line bisection bias do not seem to have specific problems bisecting a line, but seem to suffer from a more general deficit processing proportions.

Pragmatic skills in people with Williams syndrome: the perception of families

BackgroundOne of the most challenging linguistic areas in people with Williams Syndrome throughout their evolutionary stage is the development of pragmatic skills. The research conducted so far highlights specific problems concerning adaptation to the linguistic context and interlocutors, language comprehension, as well as other aspects interfering with verbal communication. However, until now, most scientific evidence has been based on personal assessments of this group. In a complementary manner, the goal of this study was to discover the level of pragmatic skills of people with Williams Syndrome from the point of view of the families. The sample consisted of 34 families belonging to the Williams Syndrome Association of Spain. The assessment instrument was the pragmatic awareness questionnaire, which includes 26 items related to different aspects that are part of the pragmatic area on a Likert-type scale.ResultsThe results indicate that, families consider there to be a regular to low level in all the areas assessed. The strong points seem to lie in the paralinguistic aspects, while the weakest factors are those related to the understanding of figurative language.ConclusionsTherefore, it is necessary to continue insisting on the importance of language intervention in this group throughout its development to improve its level of linguistic competence.

An Improved Grey Wolf Optimizer with Multi-Strategies Coverage in Wireless Sensor Networks

For wireless sensor network (WSN) coverage problems, since the sensing range of sensor nodes is a circular area with symmetry, taking symmetry into account when deploying nodes will help simplify problem solving. In addition, in view of two specific problems of high node deployment costs and insufficient effective coverage in WSNs, this paper proposes a WSN coverage optimization method based on the improved grey wolf optimizer with multi-strategies (IGWO-MS). As far as IGWO-MS is concerned, first of all, it uses Sobol sequences to initialize the population so that the initial values of the population are evenly distributed in the search space, ensuring high ergodicity and diversity. Secondly, it introduces a search space strategy to increase the search range of the population, avoid premature convergence, and improve search accuracy. And then, it combines reverse learning and mirror mapping to expand the population richness. Finally, it adds Levy flight to increase the disturbance and improve the probability of the algorithm jumping out of the local optimum. To verify the performance of IGWO-MS in WSN coverage optimization, this paper rasterizes the coverage area of the WSN into multiple grids of the same size and symmetry with each other, thereby transforming the node coverage problem into a single-objective optimization problem. In the simulation experiment, not only was IGWO-MS selected, but four other algorithms were also selected for comparison, namely particle swarm optimization (PSO), grey wolf optimizer (GWO), grey wolf optimization based on drunk walk (DGWO), and grey wolf optimization led by two-headed wolves (GWO-THW). The experimental results demonstrate that when the number of nodes for WSN coverage optimization is 20 and 30, the optimal coverage rate and average coverage rate using IGWO-MS are both improved compared to the other four comparison algorithms. To make this clear, in the case of 20 nodes, the optimal coverage rate of IGWO-MS is increased by 13.19%, 1.68%, 4.92%, and 3.62%, respectively, compared with PSO, GWO, DGWO, and GWO-THW; while IGWO-MS performs even better in terms of average coverage rate, which is 16.45%, 3.13%, 11.25%, and 6.19% higher than that of PSO, GWO, DGWO, and GWO-THW, respectively. Similarly, in the case of 30 nodes, compared with PSO, GWO, DGWO, and GWO-THW, the optimal coverage rate of the IGWO-MS is increased by 15.23%, 1.36%, 5.55%, and 3.66%; the average coverage rate is increased by 16.78%, 1.56%, 10.91%, and 8.55%. Therefore, it can be concluded that IGWO-MS has certain advantages in solving WSN coverage problems, which is reflected in that not only can it effectively improve the coverage quality of network nodes, but it also has good stability.

Pediatric Cardiac Xenotransplantation: Recommendations for the Ethical Design of Clinical Trials.

For children with complex congenital heart problems, cardiac allotransplantation is sometimes the best therapeutic option. However, availability of hearts for pediatric patients is limited, resulting in a long and growing waitlist, and a high mortality rate while waiting. Cardiac xenotransplantation has been proposed as one therapeutic alternative for neonates and infants, either in lieu of allotransplantation or as a bridge until an allograft becomes available. Scientific and clinical developments in xenotransplantation appear likely to permit cardiac xenotransplantation clinical trials in adults in the coming years. The ethical issues around xenotransplantation of the heart and other organs and tissues have recently been examined, but to date, only limited literature is available on the ethical issues that are attendant with pediatric heart xenotransplantation. Here, we summarize the ethical issues, focusing on (1) whether cardiac xenotransplantation should proceed in adults or children first, (2) pediatric recipient selection for initial xenotransplantation trials, (3) special problems regarding informed consent in this context, and (4) related psychosocial and public perception considerations. We conclude with specific recommendations regarding ethically informed design of pediatric heart xenotransplantation trials.

PT Gojek Indonesia: Maintaining Corporate Sustainability with Innovation and Customer Perception

This research has a special problem in considering how much influence innovation management has on technological innovation, customer satisfaction on customer loyalty, as well as the impact of technological innovation and customer loyalty on corporate performance and corporate sustainability. The aim is that PT. Go-Jek Indonesia can consider things that can maintain corporate sustainability in a business context. This research uses quantitative research methods as its research method by distributing questionnaires to Go-Jek users who will later provide their views on PT. Gojek Indonesia. Researchers found that there is a close relationship between all variables and corporate sustainability directly and indirectly. This illustrates theoretically that maintaining innovation and customer perspective with good intentions will have an impact on the corporate's sustainability in the long term or the sustainability of PT. Gojek Indonesia. The research concludes that technological innovation, innovation management, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and organizational performance allsignificantly and positively impact PT. Gojek Indonesia’s sustainability. The findings emphasize the need for PT. Gojek Indonesia to prioritize these variables to ensure the corporate's long-term sustainability and success.

Enhancing Deep Learning and Computer Image Analysis in Petrography through Artificial Self-Awareness Mechanisms

In this paper, we discuss the implementation of artificial self-awareness mechanisms and self-reflection abilities in deep neural networks. While the current limitations of research prevent achieving cognitive capabilities on par with natural biological entities, the incorporation of basic self-awareness and self-reflection mechanisms in deep learning architectures offers substantial advantages in tackling specific problems across various scientific fields, including geosciences. In the first section, we outline the foundational architecture of our deep learning approach termed Self-Aware Learning (SAL). The subsequent part of the paper highlights the practical benefits of this machine learning methodology through synthetic tests and applications addressed to automatic classification and image analysis of real petrological data sets. We show how Self-Aware Learning allows enhanced accuracy, reduced overfitting problems, and improved performances compared to other existing methods.