Specific Personality Research Articles

The associations between well-being and Cloninger’s personality dimensions in a Korean community sample

Background Well-being is a multidimensional construct comprising affective and non-affective components. Previous research has consistently linked personality traits to well-being, yet cultural variations in this association remain underexplored, particularly in collectivistic cultures such as Korea. Therefore, this study aims to identify universal and culture-specific characteristics of personality in relation to well-being. Methods A sample of 527 Korean university students participated, providing data through the Korean version of the Temperament and Character Inventory-RS (TCI-RS), self-rated health (SRH), social support (SS), Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS). Pearson correlation analysis and ANCOVA, with sex and age as covariates, were employed to examine linear associations. Multidimensional personality profiles were utilized to investigate non-linear associations among character dimensions on different aspects of well-being. All analysis was performed using jamovi 2.3.12. Results Self-directedness and cooperativeness exhibited positive linear associations with both affective (positive and negative affect) and non-affective (SRH, SS, SWLS) components of well-being. Self-directedness emerged as a key predictor across various well-being aspects. Cooperativeness was strongly associated with perception of social support. Self-transcendence showed positive associations with both positive and negative affect, considering interactions with other character dimensions. Discussion While self-directedness played a pivotal role universally, the impact of cooperativeness and self-transcendence appeared to be influenced by cultural factors, enhancing perception of social support and affecting both positive and negative affect in a collectivistic culture. This study illustrates the importance of considering cultural nuances in the relationship between personality and well-being. Future research should delve deeper into cultural differences, emphasizing the need for subtle interpretations of specific personality traits within diverse cultural contexts.

Legal Personality of Artificial Intelligences: From the classical canonical concept of legal person to the design of a specific legal personality and a Registry of Artificial Persons

On 16 February 2017, the European Parliament made recommendations to the Commission about civil law rules on robotics, including a proposal to design a specific legal personality for autonomous robots and most sophisticated Artificial Intelligences with the capacity to make decisions and interact with third parties. Although the recent European Union’s Artificial Intelligence Act presents notable advances on supervision, surveillance, control and registration in this field, the question of legal personality remains an open issue. In order to design a specific concept along the lines of the European Parliament’s proposal and to make further progress along this legal line, the classical concept of legal person devised by Sinibaldo Fieschi is an essential reference.

Хлібозаготівельні кампанії у південно-східних областях України як форма терору проти селянства регіону

The topic of the Famine of 1932–1933 was and remains sensitive for Ukrainian society. The 90th anniversary of this tragedy coincided with no less tragic events caused by Russia’s full-scale war against Ukraine. In both cases, we are dealing with an attempt to destroy the Ukrainian people, destroy their state, reshape culture, annex memory. Each of these efforts of the totalitarian regime can be considered both individually and comprehensively, through the prism of the use of special mechanisms of terror. The Soviet Union was the state that, from the first days of its existence, turned terror into a tool for “working” with society. It was he who was used by the Bolshevik regime to “solve” the national question. In parallel with the promotion of the idea of internationalism, the Soviet government embodied, initiated and intensified the class struggle. Its scale was fully felt by the Ukrainians, who in the 1930s became hostages of an artificially created famine. However, the proposed article offers an analysis not of famine as such, but of the preconditions that led to it through total bread harvesting campaigns. The focus is on highlighting their scale in the region, the population of which, a priori, could not become hostage to hunger, due to the agrarian potential of the southeastern regions of the Ukrainian SSR. Based on statistical data obtained from a large number of archival documents, the article demonstrates the evolution of state policy in relation to the implementation of grain procurement campaigns. On the example of government decisions, the expansion of the scale of bread procurement and their forcing at the highest state level is demonstrated. Therefore, the author draws attention to the occurrence of a food collapse among the million population of the region, for which the actions of the state authorities were a priori incomprehensible. Along with this, the formation of the personnel policy in the Ukrainian SSR to ensure and support the grain procurement terror is not left out of the author’s attention. Thus, according to the article, specific persons delegated by the state government were behind the bread procurement terror in the South-Eastern regions of Ukraine. And this is only once again confirming that mass grain procurement campaigns in the Ukrainian SSR were clearly directed, coordinated and were a manifestation of the concentrated rejection of the Ukrainian factor by the Soviet Bolshevik system. Keywords: bread procurement campaigns, South-Eastern regions of Ukraine, soviet terror, Ukrainian SSR, the Holodomor of 1932–1933, Ukrainian peasantry.

Burnout: a comprehensive review

AbstractBurnout has been the focus of extensive scientific research. The World Health Organization officially recognized burnout as an occupational phenomenon, defined as a syndrome resulting from chronic workplace stress that remains unmanaged and characterized by three dimensions: exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. Existing literature highlights limitations in current measurement instruments for diagnostic purposes. These tools often yield scores that overlap with other conditions such as fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Chronic exposure to high job demands and low job resources emerges as the primary trigger for burnout. While individual characteristics (such as neuroticism) may increase susceptibility, specific personality traits associated with higher risk remain unclear. Burnout has adverse effects on both individuals and organizations. Typical interventions focus on stress relief and coping strategies to manage high job demands, but their effectiveness diminishes over time. Evidence from organizational interventions suggests that improving employees’ working conditions can reduce burnout risk. Combined interventions offer promise by creating a healthy work environment while empowering employees to handle occasional stress. Social partners should advocate for support in researching burnout, aiming for a clear diagnosis, effective treatment, and preventive measures to mitigate psychosocial risks in the workplace.Practical Relevance: The findings of this article highlight the importance of addressing both job demands and job resources to mitigate burnout in organizational settings. Implementing interventions that improve working conditions and provide adequate support can significantly reduce burnout risk and enhance employee well-being. Organizations should prioritize creating a healthy work environment and empowering employees with the necessary resources to manage workload effectively.

An emotional learning process? The role of socially induced and regulated emotions for the development of an entrepreneurial mindset

PurposeAlthough emotional dynamics (EDs) during the entrepreneurial learning (EL) process are acknowledged to promote the growth of an entrepreneurial mindset (EM), while having social causes, empirical research on learning mainly looks at emotions as socially isolated concepts. This study aims to investigate how socially induced and regulated emotions during the EL process affect EM development.Design/methodology/approachWe applied a qualitative, inductive approach related to interpretative phenomenological analysis to get deeply involved into individuals’ experienced emotions. We conducted semi-structured interviews with participants of two EL programs. Open-ended questions stimulated free narratives and detailed descriptions of experiences that were analyzed following a five-stage process.FindingsThere is a correlation between socially induced and regulated emotions and the development of EM elements. We suggest a framework for the EL process based on EDs, which triggers four main mechanisms that help individuals develop an EM: “re-assessment of individual emotions through EDs”, “EDs affected by facilitator intervention,” “sharing and co-creation of emotions,” and “sensemaking of experiences and emotions.”Originality/valueThis study adds to the knowledge on EDs during the EL process and contributes to the literature on EL and emotions in learning. Therewith, it helps to sensitize practitioners toward the complexity of emotions in the entrepreneurial process, allows to moderate individual emotional reactions and social Eds, and improves existing EE programs. Future research could investigate the interplay of specific personality traits, learning environments, and socioemotional team dynamics in EL.

Personality matters in extremely demanding environments: A bed rest performance study

IntroductionPersonality is a rather neglected aspect in bed rest studies. The aim of the study was to clarify which specific personality pattern may predict the performance of bed rest study participants.Materials and methodsPersonality traits were correlated with participants’ performance rated by the team running the study. The sample consisted of N = 68 participants who took part in one of four different studies. A broad set of personality traits correlated with different performance aspects (stability, perseverance, modesty, flexibility, compliance, likability, social adaptation).ResultsEmotional instability showed the highest correlations. Furthermore, participants with low aggressiveness, low empathy and low achievement motivation were rated as more suitable for a study. Additionally, participants with a high extraversion showed a higher social adaptation.DiscussionThe results contribute to the knowledge of the impact of personality in extremely demanding environments and provide first evidence for the identification of an ideal personality profile predicting performance of bed rest study participants.

Addressing extremist abuses of medieval pasts: A connection-first approach to narratives of hate

“Hello, brother” were the last words of Haji-Daoud Nabi and the first words to greet the shooter who killed 51 and injured dozens more at Masjid al-Noor and the Linwood Islamic Centre on 15 March 2019, in Christchurch, New Zealand. In the aftermath of this devastating attack, the shooter’s motives came to light in the form of a seventyfour- page manifesto and the writing scrawled across his weapons. His manifesto outlined an ideological motive steeped in racism, particularly against Muslims, centering on “The Great Replacement” theory that solidified in France after originating in Serbia. Considering the fact that a maliciously selective and misrepresented reading of history motivated the Christchurch shooter to engage in a horrific act of targeted violence (i.e., a form of violence targeted at a specific person or community because of their identity), this article will propose a pedagogic approach that seeks to build collective resilience to hate within classrooms, schools, and communities. Framed within the broader literature of violence prevention at the intersection of medieval history and education, this article will: a) introduce an illustrative case study that demonstrates the manipulation of history by extremists, with the Christchurch shooting as a culminating outcome intended by the very design of this weaponization and misrepresentation of history; b) offer a pedagogic approach that spotlights the role of connection alongside correction, which nurtures resilience to hate in classrooms and schools by bridging the power of social connectedness in parallel with epistemic concerns regarding the rectification of factual errors or misrepresentations; and c) closes with a call for this pedagogic approach to expand beyond the classroom in order to strengthen the democratic ethos within which members of the public are exposed to the manipulated and fabricated versions of history that exacerbate phenomena such as polarization, Othering, and risk of radicalization.

The impact of personality on the propensity of carpooling to work

This study aims to test the sensitivity of five personality tendencies to levers of carpooling to work. We launched a large-scale online questionnaire targeting daily car drivers in France (N = 1,134 respondents) to test the link between levers to engage in carpooling (environmental awareness, confidence in others, relationship to time, economic gain and easy access to carpooling) and five personality tendencies of car drivers’ (feeling of ecological responsibility/ FER, social affinity as a measure of level of extraversion/ SA, saving time tendency to individual with a time-pressure sensitivity/ ST, sensitivity to reward/ SR, and technophilia/ TECH). Respondents were questioned about their home-to-work carpooling habits and motives, their preferences according to some carpooling options, their assessments of a new carpooling to work concept and their projected use of it. The results show a strong link between the five chosen personality tendencies and carpooling practice, perception and overall acceptance, except for the sensitivity to reward (SR). Economic gain is a strong lever for the entire population, and this must be maintained for all and rendered more visible. Our results also reveal that a carpooling to work service, adaptable to all the driver’s requests at each step of carpooling would meet the various needs of the different personality tendencies. In addition, a carpooling application must allow adaptability to specific personality tendencies (FER, ST, SA as a minimum) regarding the choices to be made at each stage of carpooling, while ensuring user-friendliness to facilitate access to those who are least comfortable with new technologies.

Psychosocial Factors Influencing Voting Behavior

This study delves into the voting behaviour in the context of Indian electorate, shedding light on understanding it in the relatively new dimension, where the focus is primarily on psychological factors and social factors (demography) influencing the voting behaviour, which further sheds light on understanding the broader issues, like low voter turnout in India compared to other democracies worldwide, understanding of opinion polls and exit surveys and other evolving unethical Influences which are centred around mental process of voters cognition, which could create a new dimension of understanding the need for neuro rights of the voters, where the motive of free and fair elections can be achieved. This pioneering attempt to comprehend the psycho - social factors influencing voting behaviour in the Indian electoral system is groundbreaking as it has never been attempted before. In an election scenario, voters are exposed to a myriad of stimuli related to political candidates, parties, promises, and discussions, prompting selective exposure, perception, and integration processes to form the basis for their voting decisions. The study also draws on the voter turnout theory, highlighting the role of social reference groups and their impact on voter behaviour. Furthermore, it emphasizes the under explored domain of psychological and social factors in explaining political attitudes and voting behaviour among the mass public from relative unexplored dimensions, asserting that psychological traits directly influence the voting behaviour. With the Indian electoral system becoming increasingly dynamic due to diverse societal participation and steadily growing influential factors the need for study arises strongly, This research attempt is being carried forward by examining personality through the DISC personality assessment tool and quantifying the voting behaviour through the theory of planned behaviour questionnaire, the study seeks to discern the connections between demographic variables, personality traits and voting behaviour (intention). The components of voting behaviour were formed on the pivotals of theory of planned behaviour (TBH) such as behaviour beliefs, control beliefs and normative beliefs which more precisely create assessment area of voting behaviour intention. The study employs questionnaire with a five - point Likert scale to measure respondents' agreement with statements related to voting behaviour. The research's objectives include exploring the influence of a voter's personality and demographic variables on their voting behaviour and the influence of specific personality types on various facets of voting behaviour. The study's hypotheses posit that voting behaviour is influenced by psycho - social factors, particularly personality and demographic variables, and that different personality types may alternatively influence the voting behaviour intention. In conclusion, this study aims to elevate our comprehension of this context to a higher standard.

The Blood Culture of the Ga-Dangbe Tribe of the Greater Accra Region of Ghana

The study enquired about extra but relevant information about blood culture of the Ga-Dangbe tribe of the Greater Accra-Region of Ghana .The cultural practices involving the innovation and application of certain type of blood from specific animals for certain rituals. The performance and purpose remain mysterious and confidential with less information and any social economic consequence of the practice. The research team selected this topic to unearth the mystery and the conceptual framework of the research topic as well as any relevant information to the academic fraternity .To accomplish this expectations the research team reviewed a number of literature on blood culture from the ancient Greece ,Crete,Egypt,Israel and certain tribes in Africa and in Ghana .Most importantly about cultural practice of the Ga –Dangbe. As a fundamental issue, the team used much of exploratory and qualitative research methods. They also participated, granted interviews to mostly traditionalist and knowledge persons involved in traditional practices in Ghana. The team organized research objectives on the subjects relating to blood cultural practices of the Ga-Dangbe tribe ;to identify the source of the blood ;to investigate of any economic and entertaining actions accompanying the practice. The team found out that blood was used by the Ga-Dangbe people for mainly cultural activities in nature from birth to death of certain specific persons and for certain specific cultural practices .The animals used for such practices were goat, sheep, cow and crow .It must be emphasized that no human sacrifice(human blood) was mentioned or uncovered during the research work .Meanwhile, blood was poured out onto a child of royal birth, spiritualist in the cleansing stage ,for atonement etc. More so, it was used for spiritual cleansing ,healing process, achievement in any competition and in dispelling evil spirits. It was recommended that further research be conducted for further revelation of unknown practices which this research team could not capture on the concept of blood culture of the Ga-Dangbe traditional practices.

Debiased hybrid contrastive learning with hard negative mining for unsupervised person re-identification

The goal of unsupervised person re-identification is to retrieve a specific person across several non-overlapping cameras without the aid of manual labeling information. In recent times, contrastive learning has found extensive application in undertaking the complexities of unsupervised person Re-ID. Nevertheless, prevailing approaches often ignore the bias in negative proxy sampling and the significance of hard negatives in contrastive learning. These limitations have constrained the performance of existing methods. To solve these issues, we introduce a Debiased Hybrid Contrastive Learning with Hard Negative Mining (DHCL-HNM) approach. Particularly, the proposed approach employs an instance-level memory bank to save the class prototypes for all training images. In each training epoch, the memory bank undergoes clustering, dividing the dataset into un-clustered outliers and clustered images with pseudo labels. Then, the debiasing of negative proxies and the hard negative mining are integrated into a hybrid contrastive learning process to enhance the intra-class similarity and the instance discrimination. The debiasing operation is realized during the sampling of negative proxies to reduce the negative effects of false negatives. In the meantime, the hard negative mining can guide the Re-ID model to concentrate on the hard negatives by reweighting negative proxies based on their similarities to the anchor sample. The efficiency of the proposed method in the realm of unsupervised person Re-ID is demonstrated through comprehensive experiment outcomes conducted on several datasets.

Civil liability for digital content damage (comparative study)

Digital content is one of the results of the modern digital revolution that affects the most accurate and specific personal rights of individuals, as the personal and public information that is collected and shared through the Internet is increasing, which leads to the imposition of a kind of risks and challenges whose harm is extended to a wide, frequent and accelerating scale through the digital field. Which is characterized by the complexity and sensitivity of people, as the digital domain is transnational, multi-dimensional, interconnected, and rapidly spreading among users. The rights related to the circulation of information, including freedom of opinion and expression, the freedom of information circulation, the right to privacy, the right to digital security, and the right to digital privacy, it is not right for people to be harassed under the pretext of freedom of opinion and expression, for every person has the right to embrace a certain belief or A certain thought without being harassed by others as a result of his own ideas or beliefs, provided that they are defined by some necessary restrictions specified by the text of the law, and in a way that preserves the public interest. The right to privacy is also a credibility for personal freedom without the person seriously and unjustly violating the right of another person to the extent that his affairs and conditions are under the knowledge of others, which causes the privacy of others to be exposed to the eyes of the public, and here he is responsible for violating the right of others to privacy. Privacy is a fertile field for individuals to exercise their right to enjoy self-development with others, in a manner that guarantees influence and influence in many areas to increase purposeful human knowledge, but without intruding on the rights of others. Every person has the right to privacy through the digital domain of Internet networks, as every person has the right to protect his data Personality, retention, processing and control over it, and not allowing others to penetrate it. Everyone should benefit from the digital revolution, and the optimal use of purposeful digital content as producers of content, blogs, and services, not just consumers. Therefore, the issue of competencies for the optimal and purposeful use of digital content is part of the indicators of the special dimension of participation in a manner that guarantees critical sense, efficiency, and morality, in accordance with Ensures public use of the digital domain of the Internet, in a way that enhances digital human rights. All digital human rights must be respected, which find their legal basis in positive legislation and international covenants, but they are still vulnerable to violations, especially in light of the increase in personal information circulating for users, which some may misuse and cause serious harm to others, may affect his reputation, or His personal consideration, and sometimes it may be a tool used to blackmail the victim, or bully him and then make him vulnerable to many material or moral damages. Digital content has many aspects, in which it may be a meaningful content and a tool for human development among individuals, and digital content may include a violation of the rights of other people, and expose them to material and moral damages, and this in turn reflects on social peace, and exposes social ties to disintegration, dispersion, and lack of confidence in dealing with people. Others, and here it has become necessary to put in place legal deterrent rules for people who misuse the digital domain of the wide Internet networks and its various programs. The elements of civil legal liability are available when a specific person uses the digital domain by producing inappropriate digital content on the Internet through which he deliberately offends others in their personal consideration, reputation, or honor, whether the aim is to blackmail the victim, or bully him electronically, Here, the element of error is achieved, and if this error results in damage to the person whose digital rights have been violated as a result, the second element of civil legal liability is formed, and when the causal relationship is available, the three elements of responsibility are when it is available to hold the person responsible for that accountable. Civil liability for digital content damage constitutes an effective system for limiting the damages of violating the digital rights of subscribers through the digital domain. The tools of this liability must be at a high level that corresponds to the damages and risks resulting from that, and all public and private efforts should be combined to limit this, as damages are not Especially, but it has a serious repercussion that results in the disintegration of social ties in a modern way.

Personality Traits and Drug Use: A Longitudinal Study Using Data from the British Cohort Study

Plain Language SummaryDrug use presents significant concerns for health, economics, and society globally. Research highlights the pivotal role of personality traits in understanding drug use. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature by exploring how personality traits at age 10 correlate with drug use at age 30. Utilizing data from the British Cohort Study 1970, we obtained five personality traits from both teacher-completed and self-completion questionnaires when participants were 10 years old. The relationship between personality traits and drug use was examined by employing a probit model. Children exhibiting lower levels of conscientiousness/agreeableness or higher levels of extraversion/internal locus of control at age 10 were more inclined to engage in drug use in adulthood. Moreover, significant differences based on gender and the types of drugs used were observed. These findings might be valuable to policymakers, as they could introduce interventions tailored to specific personality traits to mitigate their adverse effects. For instance, they could offer emotional regulation training for children with low levels of conscientiousness or engage children with high extraversion in stimulating activities such as sports, creative arts, or music.

Ecology stereotypes exist across societies and override race and family structure stereotypes.

Perceivers hold ecology stereotypes-beliefs about how the environments others live in shape their behavior. Drawing upon a life history perspective, we examine the stereotypes people hold about those who live in relatively harsh and unpredictable ecologies. First, across diverse demographic groups and societies (the United States, India, Japan, Romania, the United Kingdom), people believe that individuals who live in harsh and unpredictable environments engage in "faster" behaviors (n = 2,078; ds from .80 to 2.14)-that they are more impulsive, sexually unrestricted, opportunistic, and invest less in education and their own children (Studies 1, 2, and 3). Second, these ecology stereotypes seem to underlie certain Black/White race stereotypes held by White perceivers in the United States (Study 1) and family structure stereotypes (i.e., growing up in a single-mother home) held by perceivers in both Japan and the United States (Studies 4a and 5a). Supporting this, the application of these race and family structure stereotypes is overridden or attenuated when perceivers are presented with direct information about a specific person's ecology (Studies 1, 4A, and 5B). Third, beliefs that there is high ecological mobility within a society reduce the magnitude of ecology stereotypes (Study 3), as one would expect if ecology stereotypes function to help perceivers better predict others' behavior. Last, ecology stereotypes do not seem to be just general valence biases or to simply reflect social class stereotypes. In sum, ecology stereotypes may be an influential but relatively unexamined type of stereotype, with broad implications for thinking about other group stereotypes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Associations between neurolinguistic deficits and personality traits in people with epilepsy.

People with epilepsy (PWE) have been hypothesized to have higher prevalence of personality disorders and cognitive disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate the controversial notion of "epileptic personality," a series of supposedly specific personality traits of people with epilepsy (PWE). For this purpose, 29 individuals with Mesial Temporal lobe Epilepsy (MTLE) and 23 with Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) as confirmed by electroencephalography (EEG), MRI scans and clinical examination, underwent a thorough neuropsychological and personality assessment. The resulting neuropsychological profiles were statistically analyzed considering possible personality disorders, character traits, cognitive and linguistic deviations from 20 healthy controls (HC). Our findings suggest accumulative cognitive and linguistic deficits in individuals with epilepsy compared to controls. It is possible that these might be misinterpreted as personality disorders. Specifically, personality traits (p = 0.049) and verbal fluency (p = 0.013), were significantly different between PWEs and controls. Also, the type of epilepsy and lateralization seem to affect executive function (p = 0.049) and pragmatology scores (p < 0.001), exhibiting differences in subgroup analysis. Different theories are considered as plausible pathophysiological explanations for the aforementioned differences. This research might serve as a basis to further investigate the cognitive aspects of epilepsy and possible pharmacological interventions, which are currently lacking.

Variations in Personality Traits Among Top Judo Referees from 2018 to 2022 Based on Gender Differences

The personality traits of top judo referees are crucial for fair decision-making in elite competitions, shaping the experience for athletes, coaches, and spectators. This study examines potential differences in personality traits among 63 referees from the World Judo Tour between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. Factors analyzed include completing the IJF Academy course Level 1, elite athlete status, number of officiated events, performance ratings, and participation in the Olympic or Paralympic Games. Our research shows that older referees tend to exhibit greater extraversion, whereas less experienced officials show lower levels of this trait. Referees with limited experience generally demonstrate higher agreeableness than their more experienced counterparts. Female referees and those with top performance ratings display greater conscientiousness than male referees. Completing the IJF Academy course is associated with lower neuroticism, while lower performance ratings are linked to higher neuroticism. Openness tends to decrease with increased officiating experience, with less experienced referees showing higher levels of this trait. In conclusion, competitive experience, training completion, and officiating tenure are associated with specific personality traits among judo referees, highlighting the importance of continuous training for effective officiating. The analysis of personality traits revealed no statistically significant differences between male and female referees in the dimensions measured by the BFI (Big Five Inventory). This indicates that the levels of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness were similar for both genders, with no significant variation in how these traits were expressed.

Latent personality profiles of analog astronauts: An unsupervised clustering method analysis

The selection of astronauts for space missions is an important process that involves the assessment of multiple factors, including personality traits. Previous studies have corroborated that these traits exert a significant influence on the performance and adaptation of the crew during the execution of space missions. In this study, International Personality Item Pool - NEO – 120 (IPIP-120) was used to assess the personality of participants in a sample of 43 analog astronauts who took part in 9 different analog missions between 2022 and 2023. The objective was to identify specific personality profiles among the analog astronauts using the unsupervised k-means clustering method. The centroids of each cluster were analyzed to describe distinctive personality profiles. The results revealed the existence of two distinct personality clusters among the analog astronauts. The first cluster showed a greater propensity toward adventure, intellect, goal striving, extroversion, and cooperation. In contrast, the second cluster exhibited lower scores on these traits. The identification of these two differentiated personality profiles reinforces the importance of personality assessment as a valuable tool in the astronaut selection process. Furthermore, the application of the k-means method demonstrates its utility as an effective technique for identifying underlying patterns in complex datasets. These findings may inform future astronaut selection strategies, contributing to the formation of more effective and cohesive teams for space missions.

Making Memories: Countercultural Memory in Irenaeus, Martyrdom of Polycarp, and Apocryphon of James

Abstract Cultures define themselves largely by how they remember the past; the commemoration of history provides a link to bygone eras that helps determine social dynamics in the present. But not everyone remembers the past in the same manner. Not only do people champion competing historical narratives, but they also memorialize the past in different ways, such as erecting monuments, glorifying a specific person, constructing and honoring an archive, revering a symbol, holding an event that repeats periodically, maintaining an institution, and more. These various hubs of memory creation and preservation are often called “sites of memory.” This article explores how various Christian groups in the second century invested their social memory in divergent sites. These sites not only propagated differing forms of Christian expression, but also diverse notions of what it means to remember. While some championed preservation of the past, others believed that memory entailed radical innovation.

Exploring the role of genetic factors in personality disorders among women with heroin dependence

Heroin dependence is a severe psychiatric issue that often coexists with mood disorders and personality disorders, which further compound the complexity and severity of the dependence. The utilization of genetic factors in predicting psychiatric disorders has made notable advancements. We enrolled female patients diagnosed with heroin dependence (n = 263) and assessed individuals with paranoid personality disorder, depressive personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and schizoid personality disorder based on the DSM-IV criteria. Our objective was to examine the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs; rs174696, rs174699, rs4680, rs4818, rs737866, rs933271, rs12953076b, and rs44458044b) and their association with personality. We discovered a significant association of antisocial personality disorder with rs1544325, rs4680, and rs4818 (P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, hallucinogen use was associated with rs3792738 (P &lt; 0.05), rs10062367 (P &lt; 0.05), and rs1875999 (P &lt; 0.01). However, we did not observe a relationship between the SNPs and schizoid personality disorder, paranoid personality disorder, or depressive personality disorder. Heroin dependence is linked to specific personality disorders, particularly antisocial personality disorder. The influence of genetic factors could have a significant impact on the emergence of personality alterations linked to the consumption of heroin.

METHOD OF COMMITMENT OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE AS INDICATION

By undertaking various criminal activities, most of the perpetrators leave traces behind themselves which can be manifested according to the object of the attack, place, time, tools and actions undertaken in the preparatory phase, during the commission of the crime and after it. If it is proven that there are specific circumstances that point to the mentioned elements, it is highly possible that they will result in the basis of suspicion of the combination of the committed acts, namely the circumstances that they were committed by the same person, or the same group. In the operational work, it starts with the known perpetrators who are included in the criminal records precisely because of the appearance of such features in the commission of criminal acts, while in fact they were able to commit the new criminal act as well. Also, the surprise capture of the perpetrator in the act, i.e. his discovery in another way, is the basis for his involvement in other unrelated criminal offenses which were committed in the same way as for the offense for which he is deprived of his liberty . In the daily operational work, the official authorized persons discover a whole range of operational information with an indicative character - informal indicative evidence which usually serves as a guide of its own kind in the further work. Indices or grounds of suspicion (indicia - sign) - the grounds of suspicion are facts and circumstances which more or less indicate the existence of a criminal offense and the close or distant connection of the offenses with any person who directly committed, or is indirectly related to the work. Those in criminal processing are a necessary guide, based on which it can be concluded with greater or lesser certainty that it is about the specific criminal offense and that the specific person could be the perpetrator of it or the offense other criminal. In addition, the indices combined with the others, with the direct evidence complete the argumentative material, therefore it is no coincidence that the criminal police relies a large part of its activities precisely on the collection of operative information .