Specific Personality Research Articles

Differences in adherence to treatment, relapses and healthcare costs between delusional disorder and paranoid personality disorder

IntroductionLimited information is available regarding the clinical features, optimal treatment and prognosis of Paranoid Personality Disorder (PPD) and Delusional Disorder (DD). This is partly due to the low prevalence of cases and poor patient insight. The difference between DD and PPD has been questioned in the literature, as some studies have described them as a continuum, highlighting the role of specific personality traits in the transition to clinical delusions.Nonadherence to pharmacological treatment is one of the most challenging aspects. This further leads to relapses, increased use of emergency psychiatric services, psychiatric admissions, longer periods of hospitalization, and an increased cost of illness to healthcare systems.ObjectivesThe primary goal of this study is to compare the differences between DD and PPD in terms of medication adherence, relapses, lost to follow-up, and costs. Other aims of this study are to analyze the differences in these variables between patients who are adequately adherent and patients who are notMethodsAn observational, retrospective, and multicenter descriptive epidemiological study was conducted. Patients were selected from four public departments of psychiatry in Madrid, providing an area of roughly one million people. All patients were older than 18 years-old, diagnosed with DD or PPD from 2005 to 2022. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and from electronic prescribing program used in the public health system.The study was approved by the Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz Ethics Committee.Results1227 individuals diagnosed with DD (974 patients,79,3%) or PPD (253 patients, 20.61%). 23.81% (232 patients) of the DD-group did not take out the prescribed medication of the pharmacy, and 16.6% (42 patients) of the PPD-group were considered non-adherent.Adherent patients had greater follow-up (4.02 vs 2.89 years) and shorter hospital stays (5.15 vs 8.6 days, p<0.05) compared to non-adherent patients. DD patients doubled the average hospitalization stay compared to the PPD group (6.7 vs 2.96 days, p<0.01).Regarding costs: DD had higher hospitalization costs than PDD (1164 vs 488 euros per year) and higher total costs than PDD (2180 vs 1528 euros per year, p<0.05). The costs were also higher in non-adherent than in adherent patients (2570 vs 1895 euros per year, p<0.05)ConclusionsOur sample of 1227 DD and PPD patients followed from 2005-2022 is, to our knowledge, one of the largest collected to date. We found sociodemographic and clinical differences between the DD and the PPD group. We also found differences between adherent and non-adherent patients, highlighting that non-adherence is associated with longer mean stay of hospitalization and more costs, both hospitalization and total direct healthcare costs. We have also found association between non-adherence and risk of psychotic relapse.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Association of prosocial personality traits with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in psychiatric nurses; Single-centre cross-sectional study in Croatia

IntroductionSymptoms of depression, anxiety and stress are more common in the population of nurses working in psychiatric hospitals than in many other segments of the health care system. These three elements of psychological distress (depression, anxiety, stress) may reduce the nurse’s ability to establish quality therapeutic relationships with patients, which are very important in the treatment of mental disorders. Some studies suggest that prosocial personality traits may have a protective role. Other research suggests that high levels of empathy, for example, may increase secondary traumatisation and lead to more pronounced symptoms of distress.ObjectivesThe main objective of the study was to examine the association of prosocial personality traits with symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in nurses employed in a psychiatric clinic. The hypothesis was that more pronounced prosocial personality traits are associated with a lower expression of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress.MethodsThe target population were nurses employed in a psychiatric hospital working directly with patients. No sample was selected, but the whole available population was invited to participate. The independent variable was prosocial personality traits measured by the Prosocial Personality Battery (PSB). The outcome was symptoms of distress (depression, anxiety and stress) measured using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). The hypothesis was tested using three linear regression analyses.ResultsTotal of 63 MST were included with a median (interquartile range) age of 34 (24-42) years. Prosocial personality traits were statistically significantly associated with scores on the DASS-21 subscale measuring depression: personal distress (PD) (r = 0.32; P = 0.01) and self-reported altruism (r = 0.30; P = 0.02). Only the subscale measuring the specific personality trait of personal distress (PD) was statistically significantly correlated with the scores of the other two DASS-21 subscales, anxiety and stress (anxiety: r = 0.54; P < 0.001; stress: 0.46; P < 0.001). Helpfulness was negatively related to anxiety (b = -0.29; P = 0.03).ConclusionsThis research partially confirmed the hypothesis that stronger prosocial personality traits are associated with a lower prevalence of symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress in the MST of employees in a psychiatric clinic.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Comparison of personality factors, adherence to medication and quality of life in bipolar disorder-I patients with or without substance use disorder

IntroductionSome specific personality factors in patients of bipolar disorder are potential risk factors for developing comorbid substance use disorder. Comorbid substance use disorder is one of the most common factors associated with non-adherence to treatment in bipolar disorder patients leading to poor quality of life. We compared all three variables in bipolar disorder-1patients with or without substance use disorder. MethodsIt is a cross-sectional study done on 90 patients of Bipolar disorder-1 diagnosed as per DSM-5, 45 without and 45 with comorbid substance use disorder. Personality factors, non-adherence to medication and quality of life were assessed and compared between both the groups using standardized tools and appropriate statistical analysis methods. ResultsThere was a significant difference between the groups in terms of distribution of socio-economic status (Bias Corrected Cramer'sV = 0.31 moderate association), gender (Bias Corrected Cramer'sV = 0.37 moderate association), distribution of 16 personality factor B (Cramer's V = 0.28) and factor G (χ2 = 6.222, p = 0.045) (Cramer's V = 0.26). LimitationsSmall sample size and a cross-sectional study design. ConclusionSUD and NSUD group differed on 16 PF factor B and G which are factors for reasoning and Rule-Consciousness respectively although on regression analysis this difference was not significant for factor G. In binary logistic regression multivariable model, an average score (as compared to low score) of personality factor B was found to significantly increase the ODDS of substance use. SUD group had more severity and greater number of episodes, had lower level of education, belonged to low socio-economic status.

Psychological understanding of Anorexia nervosa gained from combined clinical care

Introduction Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating illness with rapidly increasing incidence. The longer it lasts the more difficult is to cure. Although in the majority of the cases the main treatment is psychotherapy severe cases require inpatient admission for life saving support. The presentation expounds the combined therapeutic approach that anorexia nervosa patients of Semmelweis University Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Department provided with.Currently the backbone of psychotherapy for AN is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), schema therapy and katathym imaginative psychotherapy (KIP) combined with psychodrama.ObjectivesOne of the aims of our research is to identify the most relevant focus of psychotherapy by identification of specific personality traits in patients with AN, who will be compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, two subgroups of patients will be compared with each other: the milder version of AN (BMI above 16) with the more severe form of AN who are required inpatient admission.MethodsWomen with AN (age:18-45) have been compared to age-matched controls on MINI and SCID-5-AMPD interview variables and on the scales of online questionnaires, such as EDI-I., MZQ, DIS-Q, SCL-90, PHQ-9, STAI, CTQ and YPI.Results Clinical care highlighted important underlying psychological causes such as inadequate mirroring, absence of the father, or on the contrary, overly intimate relationship with the father, and relentless inner voice as a consequence of unintegrated inner aspects.The SCID-5-AMPD pointed out affected areas of personality such as Identity, Self-directedness, Negative affectivity, Intimacy, Alienation. Importantly, neither trauma scales (measured by CTQ), nor dissociation (measured by DIS-Q) differed significantly between patients and healthy controls.Conclusions Planning psychotherapy could benefit from the identified foci. Anti-depressive medication must be considered in order to improve outcome of inpatient admission. The CTQ probably does not measure the subtle but chronic inadequacy of attachment and mirroring that apparently are typical in AN. The reliable identification of the typical dissociative inner voice that often seen in anorexia nervosa may need another questionnaire apart from DIS-Q.The research is supported by bilateral science and technology (S&T) cooperation project 2019-2.1.11-TÉT-2020-00242Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Customer Service and Ethics in USA and Lebanon

The purpose of this article is to study both customer service and ethics separately, and then conclude their correlation with personality, particularly the major five personality traits. All the way through there will be contrast made between Lebanon and United States. Literature analysis from diverse researchers on each subject, and expectations discussion of both the Lebanese and American people within each field. The main technique is studying contemporary literature. Resemblances exist among expectations in Lebanon and United States in the subject of customer service and ethics. Moreover, ethics and customer service necessitate specific personality styles where each one is studied. This article aims to understand what excellent customer service and ethics is, then afterwards relating them both to personality, supply managers with ideas on what to look for and suggestions for future testing and research, contribute in the meaning that both Lebanon and United States cultures are examined, which provides insight to a country that Lebanon highly relates to.

Neurophysiological and Autonomic Correlates of Metacognitive Control of and Resistance to Distractors in Ecological Setting: A Pilot Study.

In organisational contexts, professionals are required to decide dynamically and prioritise unexpected external inputs deriving from multiple sources. In the present study, we applied a multimethodological neuroscientific approach to investigate the ability to resist and control ecological distractors during decision-making and to explore whether a specific behavioural, neurophysiological (i.e., delta, theta, alpha and beta EEG band), or autonomic (i.e., heart rate-HR, and skin conductance response-SCR) pattern is correlated with specific personality profiles, collected with the 10-item Big Five Inventory. Twenty-four participants performed a novel Resistance to Ecological Distractors (RED) task aimed at exploring the ability to resist and control distractors and the level of coherence and awareness of behaviour (metacognition ability), while neurophysiological and autonomic measures were collected. The behavioural results highlighted that effectiveness in performance did not require self-control and metacognition behaviour and that being proficient in metacognition can have an impact on performance. Moreover, it was shown that the ability to resist ecological distractors is related to a specific autonomic profile (HR and SCR decrease) and that the neurophysiological and autonomic activations during task execution correlate with specific personality profiles. The agreeableness profile was negatively correlated with the EEG theta band and positively with the EEG beta band, the conscientiousness profile was negatively correlated with the EEG alpha band, and the extroversion profile was positively correlated with the EEG beta band. Taken together, these findings describe and disentangle the hidden relationship that lies beneath individuals' decision to inhibit or activate intentionally a specific behaviour, such as responding, or not, to an external stimulus, in ecological conditions.

Depression and Personality Traits Across Adolescence-Within-Person Analyses of a Birth Cohort.

Depressive symptoms and personality traits covary in adolescents, but our understanding of the nature of this relation is limited. Whereas a predisposition explanation posits that specific personality traits increase the vulnerability for developing depression, a scar explanation proposes that depression may alter premorbid personality. Attempts to test these explanatory models have relied on analyses that conflate within-person changes and between-person differences, which limits the implications that can be drawn. Moreover, research on the early adolescent years is lacking. The present study therefore examined within-person associations between depressive symptoms and Big Five personality traits across ages 10 to 16. Children (n = 817; 49.9% boys) and parents from two birth cohorts in Trondheim, Norway, were assessed biennially with clinical interviews capturing symptoms of major depressive disorder and dysthymia, and self-reported Big Five personality traits. Analyses were conducted using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, which accounts for all unmeasured time-invariant confounding effects. Increased Neuroticism predicted an increased number of depressive symptoms-and increased depressive symptoms predicted increased Neuroticism-across ages 10 to 14. Moreover, increased depressive symptoms forecast reduced Extraversion across ages 10 to 16, and reduced Conscientiousness from ages 12 to 14. Increases in Neuroticism may contribute to the development of depressive symptoms-in line with the predisposition model. As regards the scar model, depression may have an even wider impact on personality traits: increasing Neuroticism and reducing Extraversion and Conscientiousness. These effects may already be present in the earliest adolescent years.

Patient personality and therapist responses in the psychotherapy of adolescents with depressive disorders: toward the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual - third edition.

Depressive disorders in adolescence pose unique challenges for assessment and treatment, particularly due to their high comorbidity with various personality disorders. Moreover, young depressed patients may elicit very intense and difficult-to-manage emotional responses in therapists (in this context, countertransference). This study aimed at empirically identifying specific personality disorders (or subtypes) among adolescents with depressive pathology and exploring distinct countertransference patterns emerging in their psychotherapy: 100 adolescents (58 with depressive disorders; 42 with other clinical conditions) were assessed by their respective clinicians (n=100) using the psychodiagnostic chart-adolescent of the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual (PDM) - second edition, and the therapist response questionnaire for adolescents. Results showed that depressed adolescent patients exhibited marked traits of four personality subtypes (i.e., depressive, anxious-avoidant, narcissistic, and borderline) characterized by different levels of mental functioning and personality organization. These subtypes were predictably related to specific clinicians' emotional responses, even when controlling for the intensity of depressive symptomatology. Patients with depressive or anxious-avoidant personality subtypes evoked more positive countertransference responses, whereas patients with narcissistic or borderline subtypes elicited strong and hard-to-face emotional responses in therapists. Consistent with the next edition of the PDM, the study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive psychodynamic assessment in the developmental age, which frames depressive disorders in the context of accurate emerging personality and mental functioning profiles. This approach, which also relies heavily on the clinician's subjective experience in therapy, provides crucial information on how to specifically tailor interventions that more effectively meet the needs of adolescents with these heterogeneous and complex clinical conditions.

Legal nature of marital relations: theory and practice

The family is the primary and main center of society. The family is the main institution of society. In turn, the institution of the family includes many more private institutions, namely the institution of marriage, the institution of kinship, the institution of motherhood and fatherhood, the institution of property, the institution of social protection of childhood and guardianship, and others.
 Marriage is an institution that regulates the relationship between a man and a woman. It is marriage in human society that is considered the only acceptable, socially approved and legally established form.
 Marriage is the family union of a woman and a man, registered in the state registry of civil status acts. Persons who have reached marriageable age have the right to marry. Marriage is based on the free consent of a woman and a man.
 The religious rite of marriage takes place now everywhere in Ukraine. The spiritual majesty of the temple or even the smallest church with church singing, crowns on the heads of the bride and groom, kind parting words of the priest - all this makes the wedding an unforgettable event in life. However, the religious rite of marriage has no legal significance. The religious rite of marriage, as before, does not create the rights and obligations of a spouse, remaining a personal matter of a woman and a man. Persons who, after the wedding, live together without registering a marriage have the status of a family, but do not have the legal status of spouses.
 Legal regulation of family relations is the main task of the Family Code of Ukraine, which defines the principles of marriage, personal non-property and property rights and obligations of spouses, the grounds for their origin, the content of personal non-property and property rights and obligations of parents and children, adopters and adoptees, other members family and relatives.
 Family relations are regulated by the Family Code of Ukraine with the aim of strengthening the family as a social institution and as a union of specific persons, establishing a sense of duty to parents, children and other family members, building family relations on the basis of parity, on feelings of mutual love and respect, mutual help and support, providing each child with family upbringing, the possibility of spiritual and physical development.
 A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution by joint application of the spouses or one of them. A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution by a joint application of the spouses on the basis of a court decision. A marriage is terminated as a result of its dissolution at the request of one of the spouses on the basis of a court decision in accordance with the Family Code of Ukraine.

CycleVTON: A Cycle Mapping Framework for Parser-Free Virtual Try-On

Image-based virtual try-on aims to transfer a target clothing onto a specific person. A significant challenge is arbitrarily matched clothing and person lack corresponding ground truth to supervised learning. A recent pioneering work leveraged an improved cycleGAN to enable one network to generate the desired image for another network during training. However, there is no difference in the result distribution before and after the clothing changes. Therefore, using two different networks is unnecessary and may even increase the difficulty of convergence. Furthermore, the introduced human parsing used to provide body structure information in the input also have a negative impact on the try-on result. How to employ a single network for supervised learning while eliminating human parsing? To tackle these issues, we present a Cycle mapping Virtual Try-On Network (CycleVTON), which can produce photo-realistic try-on results by using a cycle mapping framework without the parser. In particular, we introduce a flow constraint loss to achieve supervised learning of arbitrarily matched clothing and person as inputs to the deformer, thus naturally mimicking the interaction between clothing and the human body. Additionally, we design a skin generation strategy that can adapt to the shape of the target clothing by dynamically adjusting the skin region, i.e., by first removing and then filling skin areas. Extensive experiments conducted on challenging benchmarks demonstrate that our proposed method exhibits superior performance compared to state-of-the-art methods.

AI for Missing Person Detection By IJISRT

Face recognition is a biometric-grounded innovation that numerically charts a specific person’s or individual’s facial highlights and stores all that information as a face print. By using this design, the data of the face of a individual is spared scientifically or in the format of charts in the database, which is utilized for identifying that specific face. Face recognition show in our framework will discover a coordinate of that individual in the database. If a coordinate is found, it will be informed to the police and the gatekeeper of that individual. The face recognition model in our framework will attempt to discover a coordinate in the database with the offer assistance of Tensor Flow Face recognition calculation. It is performed by comparing the face encodings of the transferred picture to the face encodings of the pictures in the database. If a coordinate is found, it will be informed to the police and the individuals related to that individual along with the position of where the individual is found. Face recognition models in Profound and Machine Learning are fundamentally made to ensure the security of personality. There are a few systems utilized in building a face recognition model and one of them is Tensor Stream. The Tensor Flow face recognition demonstrate has so distant proven to be well known. Utilizing Tensor Flow to construct face recognition and disclosure models might bear trouble, but it is worth it in the conclusion. As specified, Tensor Flow is the most utilized Profound Education framework and it has pre-trained models that smoothly offer assistance with picture bracket.

Normative act in the administrative litigation legislation and practice: definition and distinction from similar phenomena

The article indicates that, regardless of the form of the official document, the fact that it governs through its generally binding provisions the legal status (establishment, change or termination of rights and duties) of an unlimited circle of participants in legal relations to which this official document applies (the general direction of the rules of conduct) rather than covering only specifically defined (personified) persons - are sufficient conditions for ascertaining the normative nature of a particular official document or its certain provisions. It was established that if an official document is not characterized by these properties or only one of them is inherent in it (mandatory nature of the rule of conduct that it establishes, changes or terminates, its general orientation and the possibility of its repeated application), then this indicates that a document belongs to acts of official interpretation of legal norms (including those that are formally binding for their issuers) or acts of application of law (including administrative acts), public policy documents or other official documents.
 In addition, the author drew attention to the fact that, unlike normative acts, individual legal acts are formally binding for specific (clearly determined) persons and define only their individual rights and/ or duties within particular situations, exhausting their legal validity after their settlement. Equally important is the correct separation of normative acts from acts of official interpretation (clarification) of law, which, having a general nature and being calculated for the use of their interpretatory provisions during the period of validity of respective legal rules are not legally binding for participants in legal relations regulated by the relevant law. At the same time, it was noted that according to established judicial practice, which is based on the principles of the rule of law (primarily, on legal certainty as its component) and good governance, acts of official interpretation (clarification) of legal rules, as a general rule, bind their issuers, but due to the lack of such an effect for other participants in the respective legal relationships, these acts are not universally binding in the literal sense of this feature.

PRECEDENT URBANONYMS IN THE ENGLISH MEDIA DISCOURSE (BASED ON THE TEXTS OF THE REUTERS NEWS AGENCY)

This article dwells upon the functioning of precedent urbanonyms in the English-language mass media discourse and the features of their semantic derivation. The emphasis is put on the analysis of the use of the cognitive mechanism of metonymy to expand the existing meaning of a proper name and to form a new one. The study is based on the material of news articles published in the Reuters news agency in 2022-2023. As a result of the analysis, the main models of the metonymic shift are identified that are used to refocus the meaning of the urbanonym in a certain context. Precedent urbanonyms can be characterized by culturally stable associative characteristics. Their use for the purpose of nominating other objects leads to a shift in focus, semantic derivation of the name, which is not always realized by the recipient, but provides a field for the manipulative use of a proper name, in order to narrow its semantics or impose key characteristics of one conceptual-thematic area to another. Precedent urbanonyms are rarely used in the function of direct nomination in political news texts. They act as a kind of generalized (impersonal) source of information, pointing only to a certain state structure, not to a specific person, that also emphasizes the implementation of the password function of the urbanonym.

Differences in olfactory functioning: The role of personality and gender

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the relationship between the gender and personality traits of individuals and their ability to detect, identify, and discriminate odors. The dataset on olfactory performance was compiled from a panel of 207 healthy human volunteers. The dataset for the odor identification test was collected using a set of 10 distinct odorants, and the odor discrimination test dataset was collected using a well‐established “Sniffin sticks” (Burghardt®, Wedel, Germany) odor discrimination test kit. To assess the Big Five personality traits of study participants, a self‐report survey questionnaire based on the International Personality Item Pool‐Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Openness (IPIP‐NEO) was used. Here, we conducted a statistical analysis to investigate the role of personality measures and gender on olfactory performance, as well as the relationship between olfactory performance and perceived odor intensity, pleasantness, and familiarity. The findings of the study suggest the existence of some relationships between gender and personality traits and odor discrimination and identification, but not odor detection. Conscientiousness and openness to experience personality traits were positively correlated with odor identification, while agreeableness and conscientiousness personality traits were positively correlated with odor discrimination. The extroversion personality scale was negatively correlated with odor discrimination. Additionally, male participants performed better than females in odor identification tasks, while females performed better in odor discrimination. The neuroticism personality domain was associated with odor identification tasks in males but not in females when analyzed separately. Correct identification of odors was also associated with their perceived familiarity.Practical ApplicationsThe results of this study may have important practical implications for a range of industries, including the fragrance and food industries. These findings may help tailor products to specific consumer preferences based on personality and gender, enhancing product appeal. Further, the fragrance and food industries can develop targeted marketing campaigns using fragrances and flavors associated with particular personality types or genders. Similarly, product testing can also be improved by representing a diverse range of personality types and genders to obtain more accurate feedback. The study insights can further guide the development of flavor and taste pairings that resonate with specific personality and gender groups. Overall, by considering olfactory differences related to personality and gender, the fragrance and food industries can segment their target markets more effectively and design products that appeal to different consumer groups.

Consuming Royalty

Consuming Royalty

Personality characteristics of Dutch nurse anesthetists and surgical nurses when compared to the normative Dutch population, a quantitative survey study

BackgroundWorking in the perioperative context is complex and challenging. The continual evaluation in this environment underscores the need for adaptability to technological advancements, and requires substantial allocation of resources for training and education. This study aimed to explore personality characteristics of nurse anesthetists and surgical nurses that are instrumental for sustainable employability in technologically advanced environment. MethodsExploratory, cross-sectional survey study including nurse anesthetists and surgical nurses, both certified and in training, and a sample of the normative Dutch population. Personality characteristics were identified with the Big Five Inventory, which consisted of 60 items answered on a five-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree). ResultsSpecific personality traits were found for nurse anesthetists and surgical nurses when compared to the normative Dutch population. Traits of both nurse anesthetists and surgical nurses differed significantly on all domains of the Big Five Inventory, with the largest differences found within the dimension negative emotionally. ConclusionsThis study highlights the role of specific personality traits in maintaining employability within the rapidly evolving and technologically advanced landscape of healthcare. It emphasizes the relationship between individual traits and professional excellence, being crucial educational strategies for overall improvement in healthcare.

Sound to expression: Using emotional sound to guide facial expression editing

Recently, image generation technology has demonstrated surprising effects. However, precisely recognizing the emotion in sound to accurately express it on the face of a designated person is a huge challenge. To address this challenge, a new framework, Sound to Expression (S2E), which can use the emotion in sound to guide facial expression image generation, is proposed. A speech dataset for emotion recognition is constructed. S2E can edit facial expressions with different emotions in sounds for different people. S2E consists of Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), YOLOv3, ChatGPT-3, and facial expression diffusion editing model (FEDEM). CWT is utilized to extract emotional features from different sounds. YOLOv3 is employed to identify the emotion categories. The emotion category and a specific person's name are input into ChatGPT-3 to randomly generate a description of the person and emotion. The description is input into FEDEM to generate a facial expression image. To generate more accurate images and address emotional semantic deviation, a new facial detail emotional preservation loss is proposed. The experimental results show that S2E can accurately recognize the emotion in the voice and use this emotion to guide the editing of the facial expression for the specified person to generate more accurate images.

『대학』의 8조목과 팔선녀 관계에 대한 연구

This thesis seeks to examine how the characters in ‘Guunmong’ such as the main character, who is both Sung-Jin and So-Yu and his counterpart, who are both the 8 celestial women and the 8 wives in the current life, form a relationship with the 8 articles, and how they may be compared and symbolized in terms of literature. In other words, the thesis aims to analyze how the 8 articles of ‘Daehak’ can be interpreted through their substitution as the 8 celestial women.
 The author views that ‘Guunmong’ symbolically illustrates the 8 articles of ‘Daehak’ through the chain of process of Yang, So-Yu and the 8 celestial women forging a relationship. Through this, the author seeks to examine how the study of Confucian classics and literature study were substituted through comparison and symbolism and had the role of a detailed report. and whether they can be interpreted abundantly.
 Kim, Man-jung is a typical Confucian scholar who grew up in a Confucian family environment. In the East, literature and thought are complementary or integral relations rather than individual relationships. Since this is the case, this kind of idea could be expressed by whatever means in his novel ‘Guunmong’.
 If we were to look from this sort of meaning, the 8 people are chosen and intended as the 8 people by Kim, Man-Jung as the 8 articles, and the 8 articles that he sought to express are projected onto the specific individual personality. This thesis sees that this is intentionally expressed as the symbols of the 8 articles of ‘Daehak’ and attempts to trace and analyze this theory.
 Most likely, there must be a message for the Confucian scholar Kim, Man-jung, who has been equipped with the knowledge of Confucian classics, to convey through ‘Guunmong’ which is the work of literature that illustrated three religions, which are Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. In this way, by comparing the 8 celestial women of ‘Guunmong’ with the 8 articles of ‘Daehak’, I hope to propose a new research direction about ‘Guunmong’ and Kim, Man-jung, and the combining of Kim, Man-jung’s literature and Confucian classics.

Analisis risiko produksi ribbed smoked sheet (RSS) di PTPN IX Kebun Balong, Jepara

Indonesian rubber plantations have the largest area in the world at 3,776.49 thousand hectares, yet they cannot be the largest producer of natural rubber. PTPN IX Balong is a state-owned company that processes latex into RSS. The production often experiences fluctuations which indicate the production risks faced by the company. The study aimed to examine the agents of production risk that are considered priorities, as well as effective mitigation strategies to reduce the impact of production risk. The research was conducted from November to December 2022 at PTPN IX Balong, Bumiharjo Village, Keling District, Jepara Regency. The research was a case study method with primary data collected by observation and distributing questionnaires to specific key persons. The secondary data were obtained from RSS production records. Data were analyzed using a quantitative method, namely House of Risk (HOR), to answer research purposes. The results showed that there are 8 priority risk agents that will be mitigated, namely high rainfall, long-tapping and picking-up times, errors made by the officers of the smoke room, broken grinding machine, dirty post-harvest tools, improper latex dilution, an excess dosage of antacid, and late application of ammonia. The mitigation strategy used to minimize the priority risk agent (source) consists of 7 risk mitigation strategies. Tightening inspections at the factory is the top priority to be implemented.

SECURITY OF PERSONAL DATA. PART II - IDENTITY IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The technical progress that is presently taking place makes man not only a living organism in theworld of nature, but also an avatar in the form of a package of bits in the virtual ICT space, whichis created as a result and based on his activity on the Internet. This state of affairs means that thecommonly known and used methods of identifying environmental data of natural persons havebeen extended by technologically advanced methods of marking the environmental identity ofnatural persons on the basis of annotated data attributed to them. However, identification is notlimited to living natural persons, but is also required in certain situations to establish the identityof deceased individuals. The processing of data of deceased persons is not subject to rules set out inRegulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on theprotection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movementof such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (commonly referred to as: GDPR). Such data aredata about an individual. Despite the fact that in terms of content, data concerning a given personare at least identical to the personal data of a specific person during his or her lifetime, in the legalcontext their processing is carried out on the basis of provisions of other laws and regulations. Thisarticle complements the diptych bearing the common title Security of personal data, divided into2 parts: Part I – Identity specifics in the 21st century and Part II – Identification in the 21st century.