Specific Occupational Group Research Articles

The Effect of Total Antioxidant Capacity on Periodontal Diseases among Ionizing Radiation Workers

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of total antioxidant capacity on periodontal diseases among ionizing radiation workers. The relationship between oxidative stress and periodontal health in this specific occupational group was assessed to gain insights into potential antioxidant supplementation needs and strategies to promote periodontal well-being. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted among ionizing radiation workers (CT scan section) and control group participants. Salivary samples were collected from both groups, and total antioxidant capacity was measured using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Clinical periodontal parameters were also assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using T-tests to compare the results between the groups. Results: The study group showed a significantly lower total antioxidant capacity (2.534) compared to the control group (3.806) (p = 0.022). Significant differences were observed in plaque index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment loss between the groups. These findings suggest a potential association between radiation exposure, decreased antioxidant capacity, and periodontal tissue damage. Conclusion: Radiographic workers exposed to ionizing radiation had lower antioxidant capacity and higher rates of periodontal diseases. Maintaining adequate antioxidants is crucial for protecting periodontal tissues. Further research should investigate mechanisms and exposure variations.

Rehabilitation needs screening to identify potential beneficiaries: a scoping review

ObjectivesThe aim is to identify and compare the content of screening tools and needs assessments used to select rehabilitation beneficiaries and to describe the context of their use.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesWe...

남성 육아휴직을 통한 성평등한 공동양육문화의 조성 가능성 탐색: 교사 직군을 중심으로

This study aims to investigate the emergence of a gender-equitable co-parenting culture, specifically focusing on men’s utilization of the parental leave system. We conducted interviews with six male teachers who had utilized parental leave and identified two central themes. The first primary theme, “A New Perception of Care,” encompasses three sub-themes: “challenges associated with caregiving,” “cultivating empathy towards caregivers,” and “heightened interests in care recipients.” The second primary theme, “Gender-Equitable Co- Parenting Culture,” includes three subthemes: “fostering collaborative for co-parenting partnerships,” “promoting equitable distribution of household responsibilities,” and “father parenting,” which diverge from conventional maternal parenting practices. This study provides valuable insights by concentrating on a specific occupational group, i.e., teachers, and explores how the parental leave system actively contributes to the evolution of a shared, gender-equitable co-parenting culture within our society.

Effect of Active Stretching on Reducing Plantaris Fasciitis Pain on Sales Promotion Girl (SPG) Ramayana Makassar Town Square (MTOS)

Objective: to determine the effect of active stretching on reducing plantar fasciitis pain in Sales Promotion Girl (SPG) Ramayana Makassar Town Square (MTOS). Method: a quasi-experimental research design method. This study was carried out with a pretest-posttest design using a control group. The pretest was carried out in both groups, followed by active stretching interventions in the form of Active Calf Stretch and Achilles Tendon Stretch in the experimental group, while the control group was only given intervention in the form of Achilles Tendon Stretch. After that, a posttest was carried out in both groups. The population in this study is the entire SPG in Ramayana MTos. The sample in this study amounted to 60 SPGs which were determined using the Non-probability sampling method where all members of the sample were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. The collected data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test showed a p value = 0.001 or a p value <0.05, which means that there is an effect of active stretching exercises on reducing plantar fasciitis pain. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an effect of active stretching on reducing plantar fascia pain. Conclusion: this study has shown that active stretching exercises significantly reduce plantar fasciitis pain among Sales Promotion Girls (SPGs) at Ramayana Makassar Town Square (MTos). The findings underscore the efficacy of incorporating active stretching interventions to alleviate discomfort in this specific group. Implications of the research: The demonstrated efficacy of active stretching exercises in alleviating plantar fasciitis pain offers a practical solution for enhancing the occupational health and well-being of Sales Promotion Girls (SPGs) and similar professionals. By integrating these exercises into their routines, employers and individuals can potentially mitigate the impact of pain on job performance and overall comfort. Originality/value: This research offers a distinct and original contribution by examining the impact of active stretching exercises specifically on Sales Promotion Girls (SPGs) afflicted with plantar fasciitis pain. The focus on this specific occupational group provides a novel perspective within the context of pain management and occupational health. By investigating the efficacy of active stretching interventions tailored to the needs of SPGs, the research brings a fresh perspective to addressing the unique challenges faced by individuals in roles that involve prolonged standing and walking.

The demographic features of fatigue in the general population worldwide: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Fatigue is one of the most common subjective symptoms that impairs daily life and predict health-related events. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of fatigue in the global population. PubMed and the Cochrane Library were used to search for relevant articles from inception to December 31, 2021. Studies with prevalence data of fatigue in the general population were selected and reviewed by three authors independently and cross-checked. Regarding subgroups, adults (≥18 years), minors (<18 years), and specific occupation population (participants in each study being limited to a specific occupational group), and fatigue types and severity, meta-analysis was conducted to produce point estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). From the initial 3,432 studies, 91 studies accounting for 115 prevalence data points (623,624 participants) were finally selected. The prevalence of general fatigue (fatigue lasting < 6 months, or fatigue of unspecified duration) was 20.4% (95% CI, 16.7-25.0) in adults, 11.7% (95% CI, 5.2-26.6) in minors, and 42.3% (95% CI, 33.0-54.2) in specific occupations. Chronic fatigue (fatigue lasting more than 6 months) affected 10.1% (95% CI, 8.2-12.5) of adults, 1.5% (95% CI, 0.5-4.7) of minors, and 5.5% (95% CI, 1.4-21.6) of subjects in specific occupations. There was an overall female-predominant prevalence for all subgroup analyses, with a total odds ratio of 1.4 (95% CI, 1.3-1.6). Regarding the severity and presence of medical causes, the total prevalence of moderate fatigue [14.6% (95% CI, 9.8-21.8)] was 2.4-fold that of severe fatigue [6.1% (95% CI, 3.4-11.0)], while unexplained fatigue (fatigue experienced by individuals without any underlying medical condition that can explain the fatigue) was ~2.7-fold that of explained fatigue (fatigue experienced by individuals with a medical condition that can explain the fatigue); as proportion of 40.0% of physical, 8.6% of mental, and 28.4% of mixed cause. This study has produced the first comprehensive picture of global fatigue prevalence in the general population, which will provide vital reference data contributing to fatigue-related research, including the prevention of diseases. Identifier: CRD42021270498.

Review: Mining Irish-American Lives: Western Communities from 1849 to 1920, by Alan J. M. Noonan

Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: Mining Irish-American Lives: Western Communities from 1849 to 1920, by Alan J. M. Noonan Mining Irish-American Lives: Western Communities from 1849 to 1920. By Alan J. M. Noonan. (Louisville, University Press of Colorado, 2022. 378 pp.) David Brundage David Brundage University of California, Santa Cruz Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2023) 92 (2): 305–306. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.305 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation David Brundage; Review: Mining Irish-American Lives: Western Communities from 1849 to 1920, by Alan J. M. Noonan. Pacific Historical Review 1 May 2023; 92 (2): 305–306. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.305 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search Scholars have long recognized that the history of the Irish in New England, New York, Philadelphia, or Chicago cannot simply “stand in” for that of Irish immigrants and Irish Americans in the nation as a whole; and David T. Gleeson and David M. Emmons have provided us with rich overviews of the Irish in, respectively, the South and the West. While building on Emmons’s work, Alan J. M. Noonan provides an intensive focus on a specific occupational group (miners) and sensitively explores the interaction of occupational and ethnic identities in a range of locales and time periods, from the California Gold Rush to Montana in the era of the First World War. In so doing, he has fashioned a complex and persuasive analysis, built on a truly remarkable array of sources, that will be welcomed by historians of Irish migration, western community building, and the American mining industry. Noonan’s first... You do not currently have access to this content.

Occupational exposure to livestock and risk of tuberculosis and brucellosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Occupational diseases are caused by zoonotic pathogens, which spread to humans through various types and intensities of human-livestock contact at work. In the present era, human brucellosis and tuberculosis remain the predominant occupational diseases throughout the world. However, the actual percentage of reported cases that are acquired from various livestock-related occupational groups is not well known. Therefore, we carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of previous scatter studies mentioned the occurrence of human brucellosis and tuberculosis. From 2000 to 2021, a computer search of PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, BioMed and Scopus was conducted and finally we found 71 studies (brucellosis = 54, tuberculosis = 17), which were included in this meta-analysis to calculate the aggregate prevalence using the random effects model. Moreover, I2 statistic, Cochran's Q statistic heterogeneity and subgroup analysis were also performed. The analysis of the data showed that among the various livestock-related occupational groups, the global pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was 19% (95% CI: 09–30), which was higher than brucellosis 14% (95% CI: 10–18). In addition, North America and Africa were reported as the continents of the maximum prevalence rate of 25% (95% CI: −08-58) and 16% (95% CI: 11–21) for tuberculosis and brucellosis than the other continents. Afterwards, the individual's occupation was broken down into the following four groups: farm worker, livestock owner, livestock connected person and abattoir worker. The significant association was found between slaughterhouse workers and brucellosis prevalence (20%; 95% CI: 13–27) as well as the livestock owners and tuberculosis prevalence (28%; 95% CI: 06–50). Likely, a maximum prevalence of tuberculosis was documented among workers ages 20 to 49 years, and of brucellosis among those between the ages of 20 and 25, which suggests that age also had a role. Therefore, it is concluded that the livestock-related occupational groups were found to be at an increased risk of adverse zoonotic disease outcomes. Future studies could be focused on specific occupational group that are in high risk of disease transmission to minimize the effect of these two hazardous pathogens.

NER을 활용한 한국어 교재의 직업명 연구 - 한국어교육과 인공지능인문학의 확장적 탐색 -

This study extracted occupational names and classified them through a classification system by applying the Named entity recognition (NER) analysis technique, a quantitative tool, to 1,788 listening texts from Korean textbooks from 9 universities. A multi- faceted review was conducted by dividing the characteristics of occupational names in a textbook by institution and level. As a result, 151 types of occupational names were extracted, and [experts and related workers] items accounted for 68% of the total. In addition, for the detailed items within the larger classification, an imbalance appeared biased toward a specific occupational group, and each large classification item showed a difference in frequency trend based on its classification. Important considerations include: The phenomenon of occupational name bias can be seen as a result of the job needs that society admires and lower social perception of a specific job. Even though there are many occupational names that are necessary for a Korean learner's primary life, these were not sufficiently reflected in the textbooks. The occupational names of some proportionally small items showed a lack of specific job expertise or appeared in a negative context, resulting in negative learning results. Notable occupational names appeared in Korean textbooks, following developments in culture, science technology. Certain occupational names, which contained gender discrimination factors, continued to be fixedly assigned gender roles, but they also confirmed signs of positive change against them. This study reveals the need to make conscious efforts to exclude social discrimination elements from Korean textbooks in the future.

THE DECISIVE ROLE OF MEANINGFUL WORK AND FAIR WORKPLACE IN LIFE SATISFACTION

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the link between meaningful work perception and life satisfaction through the justice climate in the organization. Within this scope, the study also aims to find out the connection among meaningful work perception and organizational variables, which are highly emphasized in the literature, and thus to reveal the importance of meaningful work perception for both the literature and practitioners.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods: This study is designed as quantitative research and the quota sampling method (limits are: work experience- sector- employee number of organization) is preferred to obtain the data. Sİnce the meaningfulness of the work is not related to a specific occupational group according to previous researches, the sample of the study includes white-collar employees from various departments such as marketing, finance, HR, and R&amp;D. Within the survey method conducted data gathered different work areas from large companies in Istanbul, 193 valid questionnaires are obtained for analysis. A socio-demographic form and three well-known scales are used to evaluate the participants' perceptions.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: Analyses of the study are conducted through SPSS and Smart-PLS programs. First of all construct validity is measured with both Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Then Cronbach alpha, rho_A, CR, and AVE values are computed and variables are found to be valid and reliable. Hypotheses are tested with Structural Equation Modeling and Bootstrapping analysis is performed. Significant connections among the variables are found. According to findings, meaningful work is not directly effective on life satisfaction. And interactional justice is a full mediator in the positive meaning and life satisfaction relationship. Secondly, life satisfaction is directly affected by distributive justice and interactional justice dimensions of organizational justice climate. And also the other dimensions of meaningful work have no significant effect on justice climate perception.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality: As stated in previous studies, the climate of justice in an organization is an important indicator of both the workplace experience of the employees and their life satisfaction. Although the concept of meaningful work is relatively new and few studied in organizational behavior literature, it had been stated by leading motivation theories attributing meaning to work is an important instrument for meaningful and satisfying life perception. Meaningful work is mostly thought to have contributions to oneself and the community, however, studies show that this is due to the employee's perception of his work. This theoretical background indicates that meaningful work perception could be related to organizations’ justice perception and also can be beneficial to both individual and organizational desired outcomes. So emphasizing the importance of the phenomenon is the main motivation of the study, so that this study's findings can be an important contribution to both organizational behavior literature and practitioners especially in human resources activities in companies.

Analysis of Underwear Used with Protective Clothing Worn by Metallurgy Workers and Welders – Research Survey

Employees of the metallurgy industry and welders are constantly exposed to a hot factors and hot microclimate in working environment. Difficult working conditions associated with expose employees to hot factors occurring in the form of flame, contact heat, convective heat, and splashes of molten metal may consequently lead to extensive body burns and even death. Scientific publications have proven that the temperature of the working environment is an important factor affecting human safety and performance. Improved comfort and safety can be achieved by using properly selected clothing and underwear/undergarment, meeting the requirements for a specific occupational group. In order to obtain information regarding underwear/undergarments usually used under protective clothing as well as to get acquainted with expectations regarding the subject matter, questionnaire surveys were conducted among two professional groups, namely employees of the metallurgy and welders, who are constantly exposed to a hot factors and hot microclimate.

How to Treat Musicians with Frozen Shoulder: A Narrative Review.

Musicians comprise a specific occupational group with high musculoskeletal loads as well as demands. A frozen shoulder, or adhesive capsulitis, is a common musculoskeletal condition characterized by pain and loss of function of the glenohumeral joint. Despite being described as a generally self-limiting condition, the clinical course of the disease is unclear. A frozen shoulder can be a career-threatening diagnosis for musicians who need a wide range of motion of the shoulder to play their instruments. The aim of this narrative review is to provide healthcare providers and musicians with an overview of treatment principles for instrumental musicians with frozen shoulder. In this review, both general treatment principles as well as instrument-specific ergonomic tools are discussed. The aim is to provide an overview of the available tools to preserve a musician's playing capabilities and to enable early return to playing the instrument.

Health Status of Bank Employees in Belagavi City of Karnataka– A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Recent decades have witnessed tremendous advancements in health and survival throughout the world. The major risk factors of non communicable diseases attributed to mortality are well prevalent among bank employees, affecting across all social and income groups. Hence this specific occupational group of bank employees who represent the subset of population at risk to develop chronic diseases and stress related adverse health effects was selected for the study. The objective of the study was to assess the health status of bank employees and to know lifestyle factors affecting the health of bank employees.&#x0D; Methodology: The study was conducted among 410 bank employees from the banks which were selected using random number technique in Belgaum district. The data on socio demographic variables, risk factors, physical measurement were done followed by estimation of Haemoglobin and Random blood sugar.&#x0D; Results: In this study, 72.7% of the subjects had three or more risk factors for non communicable diseases. The prevalence of Anaemia in this study was 34.15%. Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes was 32.9% and 17.32% respectively.&#x0D; Conclusions: Majority of the bank employees were apparently healthy and most of them were having work related risk factors.

Social space and family reproduction among Quebec City leather workers in 1911

Cet article explore les caractéristiques de la reproduction familiale au sein du groupe socio-professionnel que forment les travailleurs du cuir dans la ville de Québec au tournant du xx e siècle. Il en examine les dimensions sociale, spatiale et familiale de manière à contextualiser les dynamiques de reproduction en période d’industrialisation. Ancrée dans une perspective d’histoire sociale, cette étude vise à outrepasser la dichotomie entre, d’un côté, les interprétations matérialistes, et, de l’autre, les interprétations culturelles des changements démographiques. Nous nous concentrons ici sur les dynamiques de l’économie familiale issues de l’enchevêtrement des expériences individuelles de travail et du vivre ensemble au quotidien ainsi que des perceptions des normes et rôles accolés aux hommes, femmes et enfants. Nous adoptons une perspective analytique qui s’appuie sur les concepts de communication communities et de réseaux familiaux multigénérationnels en examinant de manière très détaillée la distribution résidentielle et les réseaux de parenté de ces familles. Pour ce faire, nous tirons profit des microdonnées du recensement de 1911, lesquelles ont été géoréférencées à l’échelle du bâtiment et jumelées aux registres de l’état civil. Les résultats de cette micro-étude apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les comportements de fécondité et sur la complexité de l’articulation entre les modes de production et les stratégies de reproduction.

The severity of work-related stress and an assessment of the areas of worklife in the service sector.

The aim of the study was to examine the potential differences in the assessment of the severity of work-related stress, and in the global assessment of the areas of worklife and individual worklife dimensions in employees working in service occupations. The research covered 61 emergency workers, 92 helping professionals, and 58 knowledge workers. A subjective assessment of the areas of worklife was carried out using the Areas of Worklife Survey, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) was used to investigate stress severity. The research has revealed statistically significant differences between workers belonging to the 3 groups of service occupations in their assessment of the severity of work-related stress. The findings have shown that 26% of the variance of the Stress Severity Assessment variable is explained by belonging to a specific occupational group. Police officers and helping professionals experience comparably severe stress, which is significantly stronger than that experienced by the laboratory staff. Statistically significant differences have also been found between the studied groups in terms of the global assessment of all areas of worklife, as well as in the assessment of particular areas, i.e., control, rewards, fairness and values. No significant differences have been found with regard to the workload and community areas. Working in social service occupations, whether as emergency or helping professionals, may lead to a similar level of stress severity. The surveyed workers do not differ in their assessment of workload or of the sense of trust, cooperation and support received from their co-workers. Further research should be carried out to explore the sources of stress, which may be linked to other factors than the areas of worklife presented here, such as stress inducing contact with customers, environmental determinants of work, existing hazards to life or health, or the intrinsic predispositions of individuals performing specific types of work and gender. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):569-84.

Personal Resources and Work Engagement: A Two-Wave Study on the Role of Job Resources Crafting among Nurses

Building upon the job demands-resources and conservation of resources theories, the central aim of the study was to investigate the role of job resources crafting in the relationship between personal resources – self-efficacy and optimism – and work engagement. In order to reach this goal, we conducted a two- -wave longitudinal study among 107 nurses – a specific occupational group known to have very high job demands. We assessed personal resources and job resources crafting behaviors at Time 1, and work engagement at Time 2 (one month after). The results of our two-wave longitudinal study provided support for the hypothesized research model. When nurses reported high levels of personal resources at Time 1, they were also more inclined to craft structural and social job resources. This, in turn, led to higher work engagement at Time 2. The findings of this study indicate that, even if employees work in unfavorable work situations, they can mobilize their personal resources and experience high work engagement by proactive interaction with their work environment.

Hepatitis C infection among pregnant women in central Poland: Significance of epidemiological anamnesis and impact of screening tests to detect infection

Mother-to-child transmission is one of the main sources of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in children. However, because of the asymptomatic course of the illness, certain women may not be aware of their infection. The aim of this study was to estimate the significance of epidemiological anamnesis in diagnoses of HCV infection in women of reproductive age and to evaluate how screening among pregnant women impacts the detection of HCV infection. Epidemiological interviews of 432 mothers infected with HCV (but free of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)) were conducted in the Warsaw Hospital for Infectious Diseases (Poland) from 1998 to 2012. Complaints or abnormalities in laboratory tests were the reasons for anti-HCV antibody testing in 28.2% of mothers, whereas specific interview responses or occupational health care services group affiliation were the reasons for testing in 35.6%. However, in a large group of women, infection was only detected because of screening examinations. The introduction of routine screening for pregnant women (since 2010 in Poland) has led to the increased detection of HCV infection in women who did not present with infection risk factors (9.9% before 2010 vs 46.1% after 2010). This practice has also led to an increase in the percentage of women diagnosed during pregnancy (21.5% before 2010 vs 30.8% after 2010). Establishing HCV infection risk factors during the interview process is the most common indicator for serological testing; however, not all infected cases can be diagnosed in this manner. Screening for anti-HCV antibodies in pregnant women increases the detection of HCV infection in this group.

A Study on Activation Plan of Child Abuse Reporting System

본 연구목적은 아동학대 예방 및 학대의심사례 발굴을 위한 신고의무제도에 대한 현황을 살펴보고, 신고의무제도 활성화 방안을 살펴보기로 한다. 2016년 ‘아동학대 근절 원년의 해’로 선포한 뒤, 관계부처 합동으로 아동학대 예방·발굴·대응을 위한 정책과 아동학대 신고의무 인식재고를 위한 방안을 마련하였다. 아동학대 근절을 위한 관계부처의 대책마련에도 불구하고 2017년 친부와 내연녀에 의해 학대를 당한 뒤 사망하게 된 ‘고준희 양 살인사건’과 같이 아동대상으로 학대행위가 이루어진 사건이 끊임없이 발생하였다. 이에, 아동학대 신고의무제도 활성화를 통해 아동학대 예방 및 효과적인 대응활동을 강화하고자 한다. 첫째, 신고의무자의 특정직업군 중 ‘사설상담기관 아동전문상담사’를 포함하는 방안이 마련되어야 하며, 둘째, 주 양육자(부모 및 조부모, 아이돌보미)에 의한 자진신고기간제도가 마련되어야 한다. 매년 보고되는 ‘전국아동학대현황보고서’에 의하면 아동학대유형(신체 적·정서적·성적학대, 방임)별 모두 주 양육자에 의해 발생되는 것으로 나타나 주 양육자의 양육어려움을 발굴하여 서비스를 초기에 지원할 수 있는 방안이 강화되어야 한다. 셋째, 주 양육자 아동학대예방 신고의무교육이 활성화되기 위한 방안을 제시하였 으며, 마지막으로, 조기지원사례 및 일반사례관리 시스템이 강화되어야 한다. 아동학대사건은 발굴이 어렵다는 특성이 있다. 이에, 아동학대 의심사례 신고접수 유형 중 조기지원사례 및 일반사례 관리를 통해 아동학대 여부를 판단하여 지원 및 보호할 수있는 특성을 가지고 있기에 조기지원사례 및 일반사례 관리를 전담할 인력확충과 시스템관리체계가 명확하게 구성되어야 한다.The purpose of this study is to investigate the status of reporting duty to detect cases of child abuse prevention and suspected abuse, and to examine ways to activate reporting duty system. After declaring the year 2016 as the year of extermination of child abuse, the related ministries and agencies jointly established policies for the prevention, detection, and response to child abuse, and measures for reconsidering the duty to report child abuse. Despite the measures taken by the ministries for the abolition of child abuse, there have been incidents of child abuse, such as the Joon Hee Yang murder case , which was abandoned after being abused by his father and his wife in 2017. Therefore, we intend to strengthen child abuse prevention and effective response activities by activating the child abuse reporting system. First, there should be a plan to include counselor for child counselor in private counseling agency among the specific occupational group of the reporting duty person. Second, there should be system of voluntary reporting period by the main caregiver(parent and grandparent, child care). According to the National Child Abuse Report, which is reported annually, all types of child abuse (physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect) are reported to be caused by the main caregiver, so that it is possible to find the child care difficulties of the main caregiver, The plan should be strengthened. Third, it suggests ways to encourage the compulsory education for child abuse prevention for the primary caregiver. Finally, early support cases and general case management system should be strengthened. Child abuse cases are characterized by difficulty in finding them. Therefore, it has the characteristics that it can support and protect child abuse by early support cases and general case management among child abuse suspicion cases. Therefore, The system must be clearly structured.

Prevalence of somatisation as a determinant of burnout amongst staff working in drug and alcohol services

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the prevalence of somatisation as a determinant of burnout amongst drug and alcohol staff in the UK. Design/methodology/approach The study employed a cross-sectional design utilising a self-completion online questionnaire. Data were collected from substance misuse workers across England and Wales. In total, 165 responses were eligible for analysis, yielding a response rate of 5 per cent. Burnout and somatization were measured with Maslach’s Burnout Inventory and the Physical Symptoms Inventory. Findings The prevalence of somatic symptoms was relatively low in the sample studied. The reported levels of burnout were moderate. Personal accomplishment remained high in the sample. There was a strong association between burnout and incidence of stress-related somatic symptoms, with higher levels of burnout correlating with multiple symptoms. Research limitations/implications It was not possible to determine the extent of non-response bias, as at the time of the study there was no information available relating to the characteristics of drug and alcohol staff in the selected services. Therefore, as the response rate was very low (5 per cent) it was recognised that non-response bias might have affected the findings, in such way that non-respondents may have differed in their experiences of work stress, satisfaction, burnout and health outcomes. Practical implications Despite the limitations, the study provided practical information relating to burnout vulnerability and associated physical symptoms in this specific occupational group. These findings can support employers to address staff wellbeing with a view to prevent burnout and reduce existing levels of burnout and related somatic symptoms, and improve job performance, job satisfaction and staff retention through making appropriate adjustments, such as developing staff-wellbeing programmes. These adjustments could potentially contribute to improvement in substance misuse practice, through maintenance of healthy and satisfied workforce. Originality/value There are very few studies looking at burnout in drug and alcohol staff. This study is also novel in a way that it reveals correlations between a variety of specific stress-related physical symptoms and the three components of burnout.

Occupational Determinants of Successful Aging in Older Physicians

Demographic, physical and psychological associations of successful aging (SA) have been evaluated, but occupational factors have not. Nor has SA been evaluated in a specific occupational group. The aims of this study were to examine the occupational associations of SA in older physicians, and to explore the concept of occupational SA. Physicians aged 55+ years completed self-ratings of occupational and personal SA on a 10-point visual analogue scale (VAS; 1 being "least successful" and 10 "most successful"). Associations between occupational and personal SA (defined as 8-10 on the VAS), respectively, and demographic and practice characteristics; health; social and financial resources; cognitive, emotional and motivational resources; work centrality; and anxiety about aging were examined. Rates of occupational SA (69.2%; 95% CI: 66.3-72.0) were significantly higher than personal SA (63.1%; 95% CI: 60.1-66.0) in the sample of 1,048 physicians. Occupational and personal SA were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.73, N = 1,041, p < 0.001). Personal SA was predicted by demographic (older age, female, international medical graduate, urban practice), physical (better self-rated health), psychological (less depression, better cognitive, emotional and motivational resources, and greater anxiety about aging), and occupational (higher work centrality, fewer practice adaptations and not intending to retire) factors. Occupational factors are central to physicians' self-conceptualization of SA. That greater work centrality, fewer work adaptations and less retirement planning were associated with personal SA suggests older physicians' sense of "success" is intertwined with continuing practice. There is a need for educating physicians to adapt to aging and retirement.

Associations of psychological capital, demographic and occupational factors with cigarette smoking among Chinese underground coal miners.

BackgroundAs a specific male occupational group, underground coal miners have been commonly found to have a high prevalence of cigarette smoking. It is of urgent need to explore some factors that could be intervened to reduce smoking from personal or internal perspective. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of psychological capital (PsyCap), demographic and occupational factors with smoking among Chinese underground coal miners.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted in a coal-mining population in northeast China. Twenty-five hundreds of male underground miners were sampled from six coal mines. Self-administered questionnaires involving current smoking status, specific scales to measure the levels of PsyCap, effort-reward imbalance (ERI) and perceived physical environment (PPE), and some demographic and occupational factors were completed anonymously after a day shift. Complete responses were obtained from 1,956 participants (response rate: 78.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the factors in relation to current smoking.ResultsThe overall smoking prevalence was 52.4%. After controlling for demographic and occupational variables, PsyCap was not associated with smoking. Compared with the miners in the lowest tertile of resilience, the odds ratios (ORs) of smoking for the miners in the intermediate tertile and highest tertile were 1.30 (95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.99–1.70) and 1.58 (95% CI: 1.13–2.20), respectively. Compared with the miners in the lowest tertile of optimism, the ORs of smoking for the miners in the intermediate tertile and highest tertile were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.61–1.03) and 0.69 (95% CI: 0.51–0.92), respectively. Low education and high PPE were the risk factors of smoking, whereas ERI had no association with smoking.ConclusionsMore than half of the underground coal miners were current smokers, which indicated that cigarette smoking might be a common health risk behavior in this occupational population. High resilience and PPE, together with low education were the risk factors of smoking, whereas high optimism was a protective factor. Consequently, PsyCap had mixed effects on cigarette smoking. Investment in resilience and optimism should be given more attention for the purposes of the prevention and reduction of smoking among occupational populations.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-015-1349-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.