Specific Lens Research Articles

A concept in search of a stronger foundation: Three ideal types of place brand architectures

Besides a few extra mentions in case studies and conceptual articles, the concept of place brand architecture has received limited attention in the place branding literature. Moreover, the literature lacks a convincing theoretical foundation of the concept of place brand architecture. This lack of scholarly attention for the concept of place brand architecture is striking, because it means that we ('as scholars') have little knowledge about the different manifestations of place brand architectures. From a critical stance, it can even be argued that scholars have failed to scrutinise the scholarly question of under what circumstances a specific set-up of place brand architecture is most suited for a specific type of multistakeholder place branding campaign. To this end, the goal of this article is to contribute to the place branding literature by theorising on what the concept of place brand architecture entails, what the different dimensions of a place brand architecture are, and what ideal types of place brand architectures can be distilled from the literature. These ideal types, which, as the article shows, can also be observed in practice, may help future research to look with specific theoretical lenses at set-ups of place brand architectures.

Improved imaging quality of cluster LiDAR by optimizing laser energy distribution using an effective optical approach

The cluster LiDAR has been developed and applied for its superiority of high SNR, high resolution and long range. The laser energy distribution of optical antenna is the key component to improve the imaging quality of cluster LiDAR. Thus an effective optical approach is crucial for the design and optimization of the optical antenna. However, traditional approaches can hardly satisfy the requirement for cluster LiDAR technique. In this paper, an effective optical approach is proposed to optimize the imaging quality of cluster LiDAR. Double convex cone lenses and a cylindrical lens are mainly used to optimize the Gaussian laser energy distribution in the transmitting optical antenna. Then each APD can receive the same laser intensity from the targets. To verify the superiority of this method, mathematical model is established to analyze it in detail and an imaging experiment is conducted. The results indicate that the effective optical approach can increase the detectable area by about 30%. It is also worth mentioning that a special platform cylindrical lens is used to increase the energy utilization efficiency. The energy density is increased by 6 times than the original system, and the reflected laser intensity is greatly enhanced. Combining the above, the imaging quality of the cluster LiDAR is significantly improved.

“It’s Not Just a Picture When Lives are at Stake: Ethical Considerations and Photovoice Methods with Indigenous Peoples Engaged in Street Lifestyles”.

Photovoice is an arts-based, participatory research method in which participants take photographs to document their understanding of the research question. It engages participants in a process of creating and sharing photographs and dialogue, supports connections with others and can be a key tool for policy change advocacy. This method has grown in popularity over the years and has been heralded as ideal for research with Indigenous communities and other marginalized populations. While photovoice offers clear benefits, little research has considered the ethical dilemmas that can arise from this method from an Indigenous specific lens. This paper describes the photovoice approach and its benefits, notably its engagement and empowerment aspects. We then explore the ethical challenges photovoice raises drawing on a recent study that investigates the ways in which Indigenous men engage in street lifestyles. We conclude by offering lessons learned to guide the work of researchers using photovoice with Indigenous peoples or other marginalized populations.

“It’s Not Just a Picture When Lives are at Stake: Ethical Considerations and Photovoice Methods with Indigenous Peoples Engaged in Street Lifestyles”.

Photovoice is an arts-based, participatory research method in which participants take photographs to document their understanding of the research question. It engages participants in a process of creating and sharing photographs and dialogue, supports connections with others and can be a key tool for policy change advocacy. This method has grown in popularity over the years and has been heralded as ideal for research with Indigenous communities and other marginalized populations. While photovoice offers clear benefits, little research has considered the ethical dilemmas that can arise from this method from an Indigenous specific lens. This paper describes the photovoice approach and its benefits, notably its engagement and empowerment aspects. We then explore the ethical challenges photovoice raises drawing on a recent study that investigates the ways in which Indigenous men engage in street lifestyles. We conclude by offering lessons learned to guide the work of researchers using photovoice with Indigenous peoples or other marginalized populations.

Scenarios in the strategy process: a framework of affordances and constraints

This paper challenges the solely rational view of the scenario technique as a strategy and foresight tool designed to cope with uncertainty by considering multiple possible future states. The paper employs an affordance-based view that allows for the identification and structuring of hidden, emergent attributes of the scenario technique beyond the intended ones. The suggested framework distinguishes between affordances (1) that are intended by the organization and relate to its goals, (2) that emergently generate organizational benefits, and (3) that do not relate to organizational but individual interests. Also, constraints in the use of scenarios are discussed. Affordance theory’s specific lens shows that the emergence of such attributes depends on the users’ specific intentions.

RESIDENTIAL HOMES FOR THE DYING: AN UNTAPPED RESOURCE FOR TEACHING PATIENT- AND FAMILY-CENTERED END-OF-LIFE CARE

Clinical training opportunities in end-of-life care are lacking, especially in home settings where death is expected and supported as a natural process. The Community Action, Research and Education (CARE) program provides students who are interested in healthcare a better understanding the challenges of providing end-of-life care. Over 8 weeks, undergraduate students serve as surrogate family members providing care to hospice patients in residential homes for the dying. Additionally, students engage with a formal curriculum by completing online learning modules each emphasizing different skills for providing end-of-life care. This study analyzed data from three cohorts of undergraduate students (n = 21) who participated in the CARE Program. Analyses from assessment surveys revealed that students reported improved knowledge and skills, including enhanced bedside education and training and increased ability to care for someone at the end-of-life after completion of the program. Also, 95% (n = 20) of students over the three cohorts reported that the formal coursework enhanced skills and training related to bedside care. Previous research has examined end of life training in a professional school setting, but the focus was on care in an institutional or facility setting (Billings et al., 2010; Supiano, 2013). The CARE program is a model for experiential learning in a home setting that provides a special lens to the dying experience in a holistic, patient and family centered way.

Progress in HAXPES performance combining full-field k-imaging with time-of-flight recording.

An alternative approach to hard-X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) has been established. The instrumental key feature is an increase of the dimensionality of the recording scheme from 2D to 3D. A high-energy momentum microscope detects electrons with initial kinetic energies up to 8 keV with a k-resolution of 0.025 Å-1, equivalent to an angular resolution of 0.034°. A special objective lens with k-space acceptance up to 25 Å-1 allows for simultaneous full-field imaging of many Brillouin zones. Combined with time-of-flight (ToF) parallel energy recording this yields maximum parallelization. Thanks to the high brilliance (1013 hν s-1 in a spot of <20 µm diameter) of beamline P22 at PETRA III (Hamburg, Germany), the microscope set a benchmark in HAXPES recording speed, i.e. several million counts per second for core-level signals and one million for d-bands of transition metals. The concept of tomographic k-space mapping established using soft X-rays works equally well in the hard X-ray range. Sharp valence band k-patterns of Re, collected at an excitation energy of 6 keV, correspond to direct transitions to the 28th repeated Brillouin zone. Measured total energy resolutions (photon bandwidth plus ToF-resolution) are 62 meV and 180 meV FWHM at 5.977 keV for monochromator crystals Si(333) and Si(311) and 450 meV at 4.0 keV for Si(111). Hard X-ray photoelectron diffraction (hXPD) patterns with rich fine structure are recorded within minutes. The short photoelectron wavelength (10% of the interatomic distance) `amplifies' phase differences, making full-field hXPD a sensitive structural tool.

2094 Single-Port Laparoscopic Hysterectomy without Uterine Manipulator in Early Cervical Cancer

Video Objective To present the advanced single port laparoscopic hysterectomy without a uterine manipulator in early cervical cancer. Setting A 42-year-old woman(G2P2) undertook surgery diagnosed with cervical cancer in PAP smear and punch biopsy. She had no past medical history. There was neither evidence of definite burging mass in the cervix nor any metastasis in the preoperated abdominal computed tomographic imaging. Two ml (2.5 mg/mL) of ICG solution was prepared in a 10 ml syringe to inject directly into the cervix. We recorded video with 30° 10 mm scope equipped with a specific lens and light source emitting both visible and NIR light (Stryker 1588 AIM, Stryker Co., ABK, MI, USA). Interventions Under general anesthesia, we performed laparoscopic single port hysterectomy and both salpingectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy. During the surgery, we didn't inserted both uterine manipulator and foley catheter. we used only the colpotomizer cup just before cutting the uterus. we also used a retrieval bag when removing the uterus from the abdominal cavity. Pathology revealed invasive squamous cell carcinoma and no sentinel lymph node metastasis. Conclusion We successfully performed the single port laparoscopic hysterectomy not using a uterine manipulator for the early cervical cancer without any complication and that would be helpfull reducing the risk of tumor reccurence.

On improving sound beam formation using the special acoustic lens in sound extinguisher

New fire prevention technologies have become necessary due to various fire fighting environments. Sound fire extinguishers can be a new alternative technique to suppress fire by using sound characteristics. We have newly proposed a special acoustical lens to improve the sound beam forming of a sound extinguisher. In this paper, the characteristics of the sound beam formed by the special acoustic lens and the sound beam are verified through experiments. While the wind speed was measured in the sound beam, when the reverse phase sound was supplied, the wind speed was lost and the sound amplitude was reduced by about 20 dB, and the sound velocity of the sound beam was measured to move the medium at a constant cycle with a very large pressure change. Also, the sound level on the propagation path was measured to be 4 dB attenuation up to 30 cm, which is 3 times of 10 cm, and it was confirmed that sound energy was effectively transmitted to 70 cm. As a result of this experiment, the special sound lens of the so...

Platformization of the Unlikely Creative Class: Kuaishou and Chinese Digital Cultural Production

This article studies the platformization of cultural production in China through the specific lens of Kuaishou, an algorithm-based video-sharing platform targeting second- and third-tier cities as well as the countryside. It enables the forming of an “unlikely” creative class in contemporary China. Kuaishou’s platform business fits into the Party State’s socio-economic agenda of “Internet+” and “Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation,” and is also folded into the state’s demand for cultural censorship and social stability. As we will show, this state-commerce relationship largely shapes Kuaishou’s interface and its affordances as encoded in its algorithm. Nevertheless, Kuaishou enables the diverse, often marginalized, Chinese living outside the urban centers of the country to become “unlikely” creative workers, who have become self-employed creative, digital entrepreneurs. For these “grassroots individuals,” creativity, life, and individuality are constantly mobilized and calculated according to the workings of the platform. This grassroots entrepreneurship, in tandem with the institutional regulation and censorship of the Internet, contributes to the transformation of Chinese economy and the production of social stability and a digital culture permeated with contingency and negotiation.

Comparison of aplanatic and real lens focused spots in the framework of the local plane interface approximation.

Tight focusing of various beams is widely used for microscopy, optical tweezers, lithography, optical storage, etc. In literature, the investigation of the tightly focused spot is very often based on an ideal lens, which is aplanatic, by the Debye-Wolf integral. In this work, we formulate the aplanatic lens by interpreting the Gaussian reference sphere as a fictitious surface. In this manner, the formulation of an ideal lens is analogous to the one of a real lens by local plane interface approximation, which is well known. It is straightforward to interpret. And furthermore, we compare the tight focusing of differently polarized beams via ideal and real lenses with circular and annular apertures. We find the focal spot by a well-designed real lens is in good agreement with that of the ideal lens in the case of perfect alignment. But the appearance of misalignment distorts the focal spot. The deformed focal spot is more sensitive in the case of the annular aperture compared with the circular aperture. It is in good agreement with the experimental results in literature. An investigation of the tolerance of misalignment of a specific lens system is also performed.

P‐3.1: Special Lenses for Measurement of Near Eye Displays (NED)

P‐3.1: Special Lenses for Measurement of Near Eye Displays (NED)

Academic integrity and contract cheating policy analysis of colleges in Ontario, Canada

In this study, we analyzed the academic integrity policies of colleges in Ontario, Canada, casting a specific lens on contract cheating. We extracted data from 28 individual documents from 22-publicly-funded colleges including policies and procedures (n = 27) and code of conduct (n = 1). We analyzed the characteristics of the documents from three perspectives: (a) document type and titles; (b) policy language; and (c) policy principles. Then we examined five core elements of the documentation including (a) access; (b) approach; (c) responsibility; (d) detail; and (e) support. Key findings revealed that specific and direct language pertaining to contract cheating was largely absent from the policy documents, that underlying policy principles lacked clear definition, and that exemplary policy has yet to be developed in this context. We conclude with recommendations for increased policy research in the area of academic integrity and a call for policy revision in Canadian higher education institutions to more explicitly address the issue of contract cheating, as well as provide more support to students and other campus stakeholders to better understand how contract cheating impacts and impedes teaching and learning.

Frontier development in the midst of ecological civilization: Unravelling the production of maca in Yunnan, China

In this paper we argue that research on development in frontier regions needs to incorporate an explicitly environmental and ecological dimension, because economic frontiers are increasingly regarded as ecological frontiers in state and public discourses alike. We elaborate this argument by examining how the state-capital coalition has intervened in the development of Yunnan, a southwestern frontier of China, and how this process has involved the construction of an ecological civilization. This paper conceptualises the campaign of ecological civilization as the performance of state power through the discourses and practices of nature, and in this process, development is a highly situated and contingent process entangled with the complex negotiations between the state’s ambition of socio-political assimilation, the volatility of the market and the agency of local communities. In specific, we focus on economic and ecological practices of using land for the plantation of the commercial crop maca. In the past decade or so, maca production in Yunnan has undergone a drastic process of rapid expansion and subsequently an equally rapid decline. Local authorities colluded with large enterprises to domesticate maca and promote maca production for land-based capital accumulation and poverty alleviation. Meanwhile, local farmers underwent a transformation, albeit contested, incomplete and full of back and forth, from passive recipients of development to active agricultural entrepreneurs. This article advances debates on frontier development and the role of nature in such processes, through the specific lens of ecological civilization in contemporary China.

Conceptualizing Interactive Network Branding in business markets: developing roles and positions of firms in business networks

PurposeThis paper aims to present the concept of Interactive Network Branding (INB) in business markets. The INB conceptualization offers an understanding of corporate branding processes as an inherent part of business networking. More specifically, the paper focuses on the importance of INB for firms that are developing their roles and positions in business networks.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual paper reviews the extant literature on corporate branding in conjunction with business network research. This perspective adds to the current knowledge of business marketing by proposing a theoretical framework of INB.FindingsThe conceptualization of INB offers a specific network lens on corporate branding by presenting three INB dimensions. The first dimension deals with corporate identity; the second dimension deals with corporate reputation; the third, mutual INB dimension, presents an “interactive space” where branding and networking collide. These three dimensions are enacted by individuals acting on behalf of their companies, as key implementers of INB processes. Through the INB, strategic roles and positions of firms embedded in their business networks are formed.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper contributes to current literature on business network research that has left a corporate brand perspective almost unnoticed. The INB concept also offers an extension to current literature on corporate branding, which has to date neglected business relationships and networking issues. Being strongly conceptual, the paper notes that empirical research is needed for observing the role of INB in real-life business encounters.Practical implicationsThis study provides novel ideas and implications for firm representatives responsible for branding and relationship development in business networks. It denotes the critical role of individuals and their interactions with other individuals, which influences the development of specific network roles and positions for connected business entities.Originality/valueThe used multidisciplinary approach provides a conceptual platform to study branding processes in business networks. By offering a network perspective to corporate branding, new and relevant implications for both theory and practice are fore fronted.

Food as a Major Cite for Culture and Identity: A Select Reading of Frances Mensah Williams’ Novel From Pasta To Pigfoot

It is an unending attempt for the immigrant community to come out of the entanglement of identity issues, especially in postcolonial settings. Apparently, it appears to be more complicated for the second or third generation subjects of the settler’s family for they have zero firsthand experience of their home culture. Such issues of complicated identity are widely addressed in many of the postcolonial narratives and this paper attempts to trace similar kinds of concerns through the specific lens of food. The reason for which food is chosen as a focal point is that food stands as a striking symbol through which multiple aspects of the society like culture, ethnic identity, gender roles, politics, social order, etc., can be vastly interpreted. The novel From Pasta to Pigfoot written by Frances Mensah Williams has a greater scope on analyzing such concepts of culture and postcolonial identity through the representation of food. A deeper examination on the role of food played at various layers throughout the novel allows us to understand that the concepts revolved around the food like cooking, dining, choice of food, eating, food manners and many other culinary aspects subject to challenge an individual’s identity at a greater level. This article also seeks to examine the ways in which this complexity of individual identity could be at least balanced if not completely resolved.

Being a Teacher of Holistic Profession: A Perspective of Transformative Learning

This study explores how to be a teacher of holistic profession from a perspective of transformative learning. Cultivating holistic profession in transformative learning involves the process of changes in communicative and instructional learning, the process of learning practical experience, and the process of critical reflection. These transformative learning processes contribute to the construction of teachers’ holistic profession contextually. The rationales of applying a perspective of transformative learning concentrate on three major reasons. Cultivating teachers’ profession as one type of adult learning is the core subject of transformative learning. Development serves as core idea of teachers’ holistic professional consciousness. The learning transformation occurred from semi-profession to holistic profession. In this sense, the transformative learning model for teachers’ profession is initially proposed to identify a special lens to shape an explicit pathway of being a teacher of holistic profession. In this model, transformative learning involves identifying “learning being professional”. Transformative relationship focuses on “teaching being professional”. Transformative context view concentrates on contenting being professional. Transformative context view involves contenting being professional. The conclusion and remarks are offered to summarize the rewards of being a teacher of holistic profession.

Secondary Freeform Lens Device Design with Stearic Acid for A Low-Glare Mosquito-Trapping System with Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diodes

Dengue fever is a public health issue of global concern. Taiwan is located in the subtropical region featuring humid and warm weather, which is conducive to the breeding of mosquitoes and flies. Together with global warming and the increasing frequency of international exchanges, in addition to the outbreak of pandemics and dengue fever, the number of people infected has increased rapidly. This study is dedicated to the development of a new mosquito-trapping system. Research has shown that specific wavelengths, colors, and temperatures are highly attractive to both Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. In this study, we create equipment which effectively improves the trapping capabilities of mosquitoes in a wider field. The design of the special Secondary Freeform Lens Device (SFLD) is used to expand the range for trapping mosquitoes and create illumination uniformity; it also directs light downward for the protection of users’ eyes. In addition, we use the correct amount of stearic acid as a mosquito attractant to allow a better control effect against mosquitoes during the day. In summary, when the UV LED mosquito trapping system is combined with a quadratic free-form lens, the experimental results show that the system can extend the capture range to 100 π m2 in which the number of captured mosquitoes is increased by about 350%.

Diving into emerging economies bottleneck: Industry 4.0 and implications for circular economy

PurposeIn this paper, the authors aim to explore the relationship between the concepts of Industry 4.0 and circular economy (CE) as a contribution to the management decision on emerging countries. By analyzing the trends of scientific production to ascertain the interface of both constructs, the purpose of this paper is to identify limitations for Industry 4.0 and CE implementation in Brazil, as well to present an original framework and strategic pathways to overcome limitations for emerging countries.Design/methodology/approachSupported in the Brazilian case, the authors draw a framework using the structuralism approach to indicate pathways for the strategic positioning of emerging economies that consider their limitation and potential for competitive advantage. By understanding country-related limitations such as social and economic contingencies, the authors conceive a structure of implications for Brazil’s capacity to develop CE in the digital era.FindingsResults show that Brazil has a reasonable, institutional and stable environment, as well as strong regulatory policies for solid waste that can stimulate CE in the country. However, it requires more communication between actors, especially public and private institutions, performing long-range relationships. Also, the country requires consolidation of industrial policies and investments in the remanufacturing process in the supply chain. Likewise, despite Brazil’s ability to take advantage of CE’s benefits, the country presents a huge lack of qualification to fulfill the competences that the digitization process demands. Economically, Brazil has been fighting against an economic crisis since 2014 that has limited general investments, especially in the industrial sector. Industry presents low performance and decreasing GDP participation, which leads to constant overseas production transfer as a consequence of the workforce’s high costs.Research limitations/implicationsThe authors can affirm that Brazil is far behind developed countries in searching for the capacity to provide CE through technological industrial change. The main problems are related to the lack of articulation of public and private spheres to promote new digital business models. Therefore, the structured framework enables managers and public agents to provide solutions and to properly address supply chain bottlenecks in emerging economies.Originality/valueExploring the relationship between the concepts of Industry 4.0 and CE through the specific lens of the structuralist method, this work can contribute to the management decision on emerging countries, looking into four important perspectives: political, economic, social and technological.

Singlet lens for generating aberration-free patterns on deformed surfaces

We introduce a general closed-form analytic formula to design special lenses that generate spherical aberration-free extended images specified previously by the user. The formula considers arbitrary and non-conventional patterns. The formalism is tested with well-established ray tracing techniques.