Specific Legislation Research Articles

O CONTRATO DE TRABALHO INTERMITENTE E SEUS IMPACTOS NA RELAÇÃO DE EMPREGO.

The present study aims to present the creation of the intermittent employment contract in the new labor legislation and its impacts on employment relations and society in general. This informs of how the employee will be treated in this new type of work, as well as the suitability of the employer, to meet the specific legislation of this form of contract. We will study how the legislature sees the intermittent contract, making an analysis of how it is viewed by the labor judiciary. Recognizing a new standardization, which aims to modernize employment relations, although much questioned by part of the union and legal collectivity. It is proposed, through the few sources of research, to bring subsidies regarding this labor legal novel, to point a horizon of hope for both the employee and the employer, in order to comply with our federal constitution. The methodology used for this study was based on bibliographic and exploratory research seeking foundation in the legislation of intermittent work Law No. 13,467 / 2017 and Provisional Measure No. 808/2017.

Self-Regulation as an Alternative Mechanism of Private Governance and Dispute Resolution in Russia and Kazakhstan

The article seeks to explore self-regulation as an innovative, effective legal mechanism of private governance of any economic or professional activity and dispute resolution, which aims to substitute state regulation and thereby limit state interference in the economy. The research methodology consists of the critical analysis of scholars’ publications, different legislative acts and judicial practice of their enforcement in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan as well as finding legal uncertainties and gaps and making solutions for their settlement in the sphere in question. Special attention is paid to the comparative method. On the examples of the law of these two countries, it is argued that self-regulation as such lays down the freedom of economic activity guaranteed in the constitutional, business and other legislative provisions and stipulates uniting the subjects of economic or professional activity within a self-regulatory organization mainly under the scope of corporate law. It includes (a) setting standards and other rules for pursuing any economic or professional activity by members of a self-regulatory organization; (b) monitoring compliance with such requirements and applying different alternative methods of resolution of legal disputes with the participation of its members. Such corporate normative acts adopted by non-governmental actors are suggested to be recognized as a specific type of source of private law to be clearly enshrined in the present legislation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan. Unlike recommendatory documents of most non-profit organizations, they are mandatory and can be enforced through legal instruments determined in the special legislation on self-regulation. It allows the proper balance of private and public interests under the joint state and private governance of economic and professional activities. The article also stipulates enlarging the application of self-regulation to digital and other new spheres, which require a lot of rules to be adopted.

A mixed methods approach to investigate factors influencing young drivers’ intention to drink and drive: A case study from an alcohol-prohibited country

Drunk driving is a worldwide road safety concern that has led to road crashes. In Iran, while the production, distribution, and consumption of alcohol are prohibited, drinking has increased significantly over the last decade, resulting in a corresponding rise in drunk driving and related crashes. Therefore, this study adopted a mixed methods approach aimed at evaluating the factors influencing young drivers’ intentions to drink and drive, along with the facilitators and barriers to this behavior. Quantitative data was collected from 537 drivers aged between 18 and 25 with valid driving license in Tehran, Iran. An extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) model was proposed, and structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the proposed model. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews with 33 young drivers who had engaged in drunk driving at least once in the past six months, and reflective thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the survey highlighted the prevalence of drunk driving among young drivers, as 24.4% of participants reported driving under the influence of alcohol at least once in the past six months. The results showed that perceived risk, perceived behavioral control, attitudes, descriptive norms, and perceived ability to manipulate enforcement were significant predictors of intentions to drink and drive. The results of the interviews revealed that participants considered the social and cultural context of the country as the basis for the facilitators and barriers of drunk driving, subsequently forming their future behavior. Social restrictions for drinking and lack of education and specific legislation were mentioned as the facilitators, while legal and non-legal sanctions were considered as important barriers. The findings of this study provided an understanding of the underlying constructs of drunk driving to provide effective policy and practical implications that can be developed to address the issue.

BETWEEN FAITH AND LEGALITY: A STUDY ON THE REGULARIZATION OF PUBLIC LAND OCCUPIED BY RELIGIOUS AND WELFARE ENTITIES IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT

This article explores the relationship between Church and State in Brazilian Constitutions, focusing on secularism and the growing political power of evangelicals. The research investigates how this influence impacts the regularization of public lands occupied by religious and social welfare entities, which are objects of study in the Third Sector. Using a methodology that combines legal-constitutional analysis and Edgar Morin's complex approach, the study highlights the historical construction of religious influence in Brazil. In the Federal District, urban expansion and population pressure complicate land regularization. Between 1991 and 2008, many legislative efforts failed due to violations of the Constitution and the LODF. Complementary Law No. 806/2009 and Law No. 6.888/2021 are important to resolve these issues, proposing new parameters for collaboration between the State and non-profit entities. The article's hypothesis, confirmed by statistical data, suggests that the increase in the political power of evangelicals influences the regularization of public land in the DF, evidencing a correlation between the growth of the evangelical population and the formulation of specific legislation.

Academic integrity and artificial intelligence: overcoming challenges in the educational and scientific activities of Ukraine and foreign countries

The article presents the results of scientific research on a comprehensive analysis of the problem of compliance with the principles of academic integrity in the context of active use of artificial intelligence tools in the educational and scientific activities of Ukraine and foreign countries. The author emphasizes that the modern vector of education declares the concept of academic integrity as a prerequisite for the formation of an effective system of education and science free from academic fraud and other types of related violations. It is established that the extremely rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies significantly affects all spheres of human activity, creating unique opportunities for learning and research, but at the same time giving rise to new ethical dilemmas. An analysis of the literature on this topic shows that global issues of using artificial intelligence in education and science are the subject of study and active discussion by many domestic and foreign scholars. At the same time, the peculiarities of observing and ensuring academic integrity by students, teachers and researchers in the context of preventing violations related to the misuse of artificial intelligence technologies remain insufficiently studied. The article analyzes the process of implementation of the provisions of international acts, in particular, the Magna Carta of Universities (1988) and the Bucharest Declaration of Ethical Values and Principles of European Higher Education (2004) into the national legislation of Ukraine, as well as the impact of the Bologna Process on the reform of the educational and scientific environment of our country. It is established that Ukraine’s desire to comply with the generally recognized European principles of development of the education and science system places increased demands on the implementation of the concept of academic integrity in order to reduce the risks of violations in this area. The author emphasizes the need to adopt special legislation on academic integrity as soon as possible, given the relevance and importance of the issue under study.

Caregiver policies in the United States: a systematic review.

In the United States, there are nearly 53 million informal or unpaid caregivers, many of whom experience mental and physical stress related to their caregiving duties and increased financial responsibility. We identified federal and state informal caregiver support policies authorized by specific legislation along with their key provisions and conducted a systematic review of the academic literature related to quantitative evaluations of these policies. Twenty policies, eight academic studies, and four gray literature reports were included in the study, with half of the policies introduced since 2000. Our study criteria yielded few academic valuations tied to caregiver policies and few policies including research provisions. Of the provision areas identified in policies, respite services, caregiver training, and workplace protections appeared the most. Future policies and the studies examining them should incorporate cost outcomes and equity as focus areas and disaggregate data by vulnerable groups to ensure value and equity in caregiver support legislation. KEY MESSAGES: Increased legislation to support informal caregivers may be warranted. The limited academic research examining existing caregiver policies identifies mixed outcomes for caregivers. Prioritizing vulnerable populations in such policy research examining outcomes could help improve caregiver support efforts. The included studies investigated the outcomes of three policies and identified more negative than positive outcomes for caregivers.

Geotechnological multicriteria analysis applied to identify optimal locations for the installation of sanitary landfills

The Urban Solid Waste sector is one of the main contributors to methane emissions. Despite specific legislation, many Brazilian municipalities still maintain outdated waste dumps. Geotechnological tools, such as Fuzzy logic, can provide a viable and efficient solution. This research aimed to evaluate the current location and identify optimal sites for the implementation of sanitary landfills, using Fuzzy logic. We considered were slope, proximity to water bodies, urban areas, roads, and airports, land use and occupation, geology, and pedology. The results showed that the current dump location is inadequate due to its proximity to the airport, roads, and urban center. The suitability map revealed that 35.38% of the studied area has high to very high suitability. The new selected location to landfill having sufficient area, being distant from the airport and urban center, and complying with operational and logistical standards of proximity to highways and water bodies. The research confirms that the current Urban Solid Waste structure is not in compliance with regulations and that Fuzzy logic is effective in selecting sites for new sanitary landfills. This model can serve as a reference for other municipalities, contributing to more efficient and responsible waste management.

Evaluating Patient Rights and Agency: An In-depth Examination of Autonomous Decision-Making in AI-Powered Telemedicine

This study examines the adequacy of regulations concerning consent and patient autonomy in AI telemedicine in Ghana. Using the IRAC (Issue, Rule, Analysis, and Conclusion) method, the research analyzes existing Ghanaian healthcare laws and regulations in the context of AI-driven telemedicine. The study finds significant gaps in the current regulatory framework, including a lack of specific provisions for informed consent in AI telemedicine, unclear guidelines on maintaining patient autonomy, and inadequate addressing of liability issues in AI-assisted healthcare. Recommendations include developing specific AI healthcare legislation, updating existing laws to incorporate AI and telemedicine considerations, establishing AI ethics committees, and implementing short-term mitigation strategies such as interpretive guidelines and enhanced disclosure protocols. The study emphasizes the need for a two-pronged approach: long-term regulatory development and immediate implementation of interim measures to protect patient rights and ensure ethical use of AI in telemedicine.

OS DESAFIOS DA PROTEÇÃO DO CONSUMIDOR NO COMÉRCIO ELETRÔNICO

With technological advances, a large part of everyday activities have migrated to the virtual environment, causing legislation to adapt to ensure citizens' rights in all situations. Consequently, e-commerce has grown exponentially in recent decades, bringing numerous benefits but also significant challenges for consumer protection. Considered vulnerable and, therefore, insufficient, consumers have been even more exposed to risky situations when concluding electronic contracts, which is why this article aims to present the biggest challenges to consumer protection in the virtual environment. To this end, the research uses the deductive method of study, carried out through bibliographical consultation of legislation, doctrine and jurisprudence, aiming to protect consumers in the face of online transactions, data security and quality of products and services contracted via the internet. Furthermore, it is intended to examine existing regulations at national level aimed at protecting consumers in the digital environment and the application of CDC articles in these cases, while there is no specific legislation for these contracts.

PSYCHOSOCIAL FACTORS AND CURRENT PRACTICES IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY: A literature review

The psychological evaluation for bariatric surgery is mandatory, and its conduction by the psychologist must adhere to professional principles and guidelines, as well as specific legislation. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the process of psychological evaluation for bariatric surgery and, additionally, to identify the psychological factors assessed and the instruments used in the process. This is a bibliographic research with data collection conducted between September and October 2023, in electronic databases such as Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed, and Pepsic, including full-text, open-access scientific articles published from 2018 to 2023. A total of 119 articles were found, of which 14 were selected for analysis. As a result, four categories were identified regarding psychological evaluation in bariatric surgery: 1) Importance of evaluation: involves expectations, support network, stress, and mental health; 2) Relevant psychosocial factors: such as social support and lifestyle; 3) Resources used: tools like BDI–II, BAI, ECAP, BAROS, EFS, IDATE, and LIS-A to assess emotional and cognitive aspects; 4) Challenges: highlight the complexity and the need for a multidisciplinary approach. Difficulties faced by psychologists in conducting these evaluations were also identified, requiring well-structured strategies and practices. Based on these findings, it is crucial that the responsible bodies—such as the Federal Council of Psychology—coordinate efforts, as the implementation of specific documents benefits psychologists and candidates for bariatric surgery by providing clear guidelines and standardizing procedures, making the professional practice more precise, safe, and accessible.

‘They don’t have bad intentions.’ The disciplinary power of heteronormative communication in upper secondary Polish physical education – a case study

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have shown unequal treatment of female and male students during PE. However, few studies have focused on gendered communication between teachers and students. Particularly, students’ perceptions of communication have often remained unexplored. Understanding this process appears to be highly significant for ensuring gender equality in schools. In this study, we applied Foucault’s theory of normalization and Butler’s theory of gender performativity and heteronormativity to present data obtained during PE lessons in Polish upper secondary school. In Poland PE teachers still do not formally acquire knowledge of the significance of gender equality in the education process. No policies are formulated on teaching gender equality in schools. Hence, analyzing gendered communication during PE classes in Poland, where no specific gender equity legislation has been introduced, complements the ongoing discussion regarding prevailing gender structures in PE. Purpose The purpose of the study was to explore gendered communication between PE teachers and students in Polish upper secondary school, and perceptions about this communication specifically among male PE teachers and girls. Methods Data were gathered through three qualitative methods: observation of 60 PE lesson units, 17 focus group interviews with male (n = 27) and female students (n = 33), and 5 semi-structured in-depth interviews with PE teachers whose lessons were observed. Discourse analysis, informed by content analysis, was conducted to uncover fundamental communication patterns between teachers and students in the context of gender performativity and heteronormativity. Findings Communication between PE teachers and students demonstrated gender bias, indicating deeply rooted practices of heteronormativity. The male teachers communicated more frequently with female students than with male students and a significant portion of the communication took the form of jokes, teasing, and comments related to the physical appearance of the girls, romantic relationships and dating, and traditional gender roles assumed by women. Students’ statements obtained in the interviews indicate a significant degree of downplaying the impact of teachers’ way of communicating and ‘defending teachers’. They encountered a strong normalization process that restricted their ability to resist teacher communication. Although the PE teachers emphasized the importance of being ‘sensitive’ when communicating with students, PE the teachers’ understanding of gender issues appeared to be fragmented and unrefined, with insufficient recognition of the importance of proper communication with students. Conclusions The implications of this study emphasize the necessity for Polish PE teachers to acquire a deeper understanding of how gender operates within school environments and PE classes, recognizing its impact on students. This awareness is pivotal in recognizing and addressing heteronormative structures during lessons. In connection with that, a thorough discussion on the impact of political and cultural factors shaping the knowledge acquired by teachers and the curriculum in schools is required. Additionally, the research highlights a need for appropriate student education because they are currently subject to strong normalization processes. The normalization processes they undergo hinder their recognition of dominant gender relations in the school environment, and, consequently, their resistance to them.

TRENDS IN E-HEALTH AND PECULIARITIES OF THE PRACTICE OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION ON THE PROVISION OF MEDICAL SERVICES USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

The purpose of the research. The article discusses practical issues and problematic aspects related to the practice of dispute resolution on the provision of medical services using digital technologies both in pre-trial and judicial proceedings. The current judicial practice in the field under consideration is analyzed. The purpose of the study is to identify the features and trends in the settlement of disputes on the provision of medical services using digital technologies. Results. As a result of the conducted research, the author comes to the conclusion that the specific features of the consideration of disputes on the provision of medical services using digital technologies are limited by special legislation regulating this area, i.e. the mode of use. It is proved that the way of organizing the provision of medical services using digital technologies does not significantly affect the legal nature of relations within the framework of a contract for the provision of medical services, but differs in a special mode of its provision.

OS DESAFIOS DO DIREITO DAS SUCESSÕES NA HERANÇA DE BENS DIGITAIS NO BRASIL

This scientific article addresses the Inheritance of Digital Assets and the role of Succession Law in Brazil, with information regarding current legislation and examples of concrete cases. It presents examples of digital goods such as cryptoassets, items in virtual games, items stored on the Blockchain, among others. In this way, without intending to exhaust the topic, the authors bring up the importance of Succession Law linked to the lack of specific legislation on the topic, leaving it at the mercy of the judiciary to resolve broad issues or even the need for the owner of the assets to make a will directing instructions to heirs on how to access a certain asset, given the variety of items and their diverse economic value, which in some cases can even be compared to the values ​​of real estate in Brazil.

Influence of Longitudinal Fragmentation on Length–Weight Relationships of Fishes in the Someșul Cald River, Romania

Romania has a rich hydrographic network, which permitted the construction of over 80 large dams on its water courses, estimating a number between 545 and 674 hydropower plants that were either built or were in a different construction stage on the rivers of Romania in 2021. These hydropower plants were often built outside specific legislation regarding ecological impacts, especially before 1990. Longitudinal fragmentation of rivers causes severe ecological impacts on biodiversity, food chains, and nutrient cycles. Someșul Cald River is the main tributary of Someșul Mic River, the most important water source for the northwestern region of Transylvania. On its course, several dams and reservoirs were built from 1968 to 1980 for electricity production and population freshwater supply. The present study aimed to analyze the length–weight relationships (LWRs) and condition factors occurring in the longitudinally fragmented Someșul Cald River. The LWRs, relative condition factor Kn, and Fulton condition factor K were determined based on total length and wet body weight. Comparisons of LWRs, Kn, and K across river sections constrained by dams showed that some fish species exhibited similar growth patterns and physiological conditions, while others differed significantly. Freshwater fish physiology is altered by longitudinal fragmentation, both natural and artificial. Barriers such as dams influence the energy gradient, limiting feed availability and, consequently, the life history of fish species. Long-term management plans regarding conservation should take into consideration existing fish species population dynamics, along with their physiological and somatic status.

Risk Profile of Stalking in South Korea: Analyzing the First Year of Court Decisions Following Initial Legal Responses.

South Korea implemented specific legislation titled the Act on Punishment of Crimes of Stalking (APCS) on October 21, 2021, to address the issue of stalking. This study evaluated the risks associated with stalking incidents in South Korea by reviewing and analyzing legal cases with finalized judgments within the first year of the APCS. Data were collected through a systematic search of the Korean Supreme Court's Written Judgment Management System database. We identified 193 stalking-related cases between October 21, 2021, and October 14, 2022. These cases were analyzed based on four risk profile criteria: profiles of stalkers and victims, the nature of stalker-victim relationships, motivations behind stalking, and patterns of stalking behavior. Further, we reviewed cases to which the APCS and the Criminal Act applied by analyzing stalker-victim relationships and the stalkers' underlying motivations to assess the risks associated with stalking. Approximately 16.6% of stalkers were diagnosed with mental disorders, the most common disorder being psychosis. The average age of the victims was 42.84 years, with a higher prevalence of female victims compared to male ones. Predominantly, stalkers were former intimate partners of the victims, with most cases motivated by rejection. Direct contact methods, such as physical approaches, have been observed more frequently than indirect methods, such as repeated unwanted messages, or non-contact behaviors, including surveillance and loitering. The findings provide an up-to-date overview of the under-examined criminal stalking issue in South Korea.

Legal mechanisms for imposition of administrative responsibility for violation of license and permit conditions

License and permit conditions violation leads to legal responsibility, expressed in different sanctions. The extent of liability depends on the country's legislation and the type of breached conditions. Adherence to the terms of the license and permit ensures the legality of the licensed activity, and legal problems will be avoided if there is no violation. Violation of license and permit conditions means non-fulfillment of the requirements and obligations imposed on the license or permit holder. Licensing conditions are established when a license or permit is issued and include various criteria and rules to be followed when performing licensed activities. Violation of license/permit conditions is subject to administrative or other liability, including a warning, fine, revocation, or suspension of license or permit. The extent of liability depends on the nature of the violation, the legal circumstances, and the requirements of specific legislation. The article will discuss cases of violation of license/permit conditions, legal bases, and mechanisms of imposing administrative responsibility.

International practice of state regulation in the field of gambling

State regulation in the field of gambling is an important factor for the harmonization of these relations and their adjustment. Currently, world practice does not have special legislation that would establish international requirements for the organization and conduct of gambling. However, the development of gambling business in other countries of the world has a long history and considerable experience of successful state regulation of these legal relations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to study similar practices of other states and their possible consideration for further improvement of state regulation in the field of gambling in Ukraine. The article presents certain aspects of state regulation of activities related to the organization and conduct of gambling in some countries of Europe (Switzerland, France, Malta) and North America (United States of America, Canada). It is emphasized that public management and administration in the field of gambling should be aimed at solving the main problems of this sphere of social relations: meeting the needs and interests of a certain group of people; prevention of gambling; protection of citizens from criminal encroachments that pose a danger to a large segment of the population; full and timely receipt of taxes provided for by law to the state budget and their allocation to socially important needs; prevention of types of gambling addiction not permitted by law; combating corruption offenses and legalization (laundering) of proceeds obtained through crime, etc. As evidenced by international practice, in order to solve these problems and eliminate existing problems and risks in this area, a more or less permanent trend is developing in the world (for those countries in which gambling is allowed and controlled): the adoption at the national level of a special regulatory law (legal act); creation of a system of relevant authorized state bodies of public administration with the distribution of organizational, permitting, supervisory and jurisdictional powers; maintenance of the necessary balance of public interests and the interests of business entities and individuals by introducing a system of permissive, agreeable and prohibitive methods of legal regulation and relevant organizational and legal measures.

Features of the regulation of the legal status of public law legal entities in France

In the article, the author considers issues related to the legal status of legal entities under public law in France. The legal status of legal entities under public law is regulated by the Constitution of France, special legislation in the field of administrative law. The article analyzes the criteria for distinguishing legal entities into legal entities of private and public law, developed by the judicial practice of French courts. In the article, the author examines the types of legal entities of French public law, in particular, the latter include: the state, territorial entities, public institutions. The article examines the legal nature and types of public service, which is carried out in the field of defense, transport, and industry management. The article defines a public service, as a rule, the specified services do not have the status of a legal entity, the specified status belongs to the state that creates these services. The author researches public institutions of France that belong to legal entities under public law. The article defines the concept of a public institution, classifies public institutions according to various criteria, and defines the organizational structure of these institutions. A variety of public institutions is industrial and commercial in nature. The author examines the historical aspects of the emergence and development of this type of institution. The article examines the characteristics of a public institution, in particular, the following characteristics are distinguished: 1) it is a legal entity under public law; 2) has a socially beneficial purpose; 3) is under the supervision (guardianship) of the state can be fully applied to the legal regulation of public benefit institutions, which also have the status of a legal entity, pursue a socially beneficial goal, and are under the supervision (guardianship) of the state. The article examines the legal nature of associations of persons of liberal professions (lawyers, attorneys, notaries, doctors, pharmacists, veterinarians, and others). The article examines the judicial practice of French courts on issues of compensation for damage caused by the activities of a state institution. The author examines and investigates issues of the legal regime of property of legal entities under public law.

Current state of legal regulation of economic activities in the field of organizing and conducting gambling

The article is devoted to the issues of characterizing the current state of development of legal regulation of economic activity in the field of organization and conduct of gambling. The development of the gambling industry and market in Ukraine, their impact on social processes, including negative ones, the speed of regulatory reaction, tax revenues and other factors, shows the importance of this type of economic activity in the general economic environment and the need for its comprehensive study. It was determined that the regulation of social relations of this type of economic activity is characterized by a variety of norms that are involved in this process from different branches of law and the presence of current socially significant problems, the response to which is associated with possible changes to legislation. A separate component of these processes is the effect of martial law in Ukraine and the efforts of the subjects of regulatory and legal regulation to use the discretionary powers granted in connection with this. In turn, such actions, regardless of their positive nature, have law enforcement risks associated with the «legal purity» of the adopted normative legal acts. The author examines the current state of legal regulation of economic activity in the field of gambling, considers the possibility of alternative approaches to the generalization of the results of such an analysis, depending on the type of economic relations. It was determined that at the current stage of the development of legislation on gambling, the regulation of such economic activity can be carried out not only with the help of special legislation, but also by individual legal acts (Decision of the National Security and Defense Council of Ukraine on the introduction of sanctions), which is contrary to legal principles and the jurisdictional criterion of the origin of regulatory influence. It is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the priority of legislative procedures before the regulatory reaction caused by the resonance of social problems, and it is proposed, taking into account the state of development of the gambling business in Ukraine, to apply special management regimes.

Advancing neonatal hearing screening in Latin America: Insights from pediatric otolaryngologists

ObjectiveTo assess the real-world application of legislative measures and regulations governing newborn hearing testing in Latin America. MethodsAn online survey was sent to the Interamerican Association of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (IAPO) network to investigate neonatal hearing screening practices. Twelve questions were asked about legislation, implementation, and barriers to neonatal hearing screening. ResultsA total of 89 pediatric otolaryngologists representing 20 Latin American nations participated in this survey. The majority of respondents (64 %) indicated the existence of neonatal hearing laws within their respective countries and correctly named the specific legislation. However, it is noteworthy that over half (58 %) of pediatric ear, nose, and throat specialists reported that these laws are not consistently put into practice in their daily clinical routines. Respondents from five countries disclosed that neonatal hearing screening is not conducted within the first month of an infant’s life. ConclusionsWhile the majority of Latin American nations have established legislation concerning neonatal hearing screening, its application in clinical practice is lacking due to economic obstacles. Marked disparities across Latin America persist for neonatal hearing screening. Our study provides key insights and recommendations aimed at addressing these issues, including the need for stronger legislative enforcement, increased funding, improved infrastructure, targeted professional training, and expanded public education to strengthen this vital aspect of healthcare in Latin America.