Set Specific Goals Research Articles

An exploratory study of pre-college piano students’ practice habits and their teachers’ perceptions in Eastern China

The purpose of this study was to examine pre-college piano students’ practice habits and their teachers’ perceptions of their practice performance in Eastern China. Data collected for this qualitative descriptive study included video recordings of five students’ individual practice sessions. Additionally, students ( n = 5) and their teachers ( n = 3) completed questionnaires and accepted semi-structured interviews. Findings indicated that pre-college piano students organized their habitual practice routines with task-oriented principles. Moreover, practicing hands separately was the most frequently applied strategies used by student participants. Given the intense peer competition within the Chinese education system, students not only learned practice strategies from their teachers but also acquired support from their parents and other external resources, such as practice tutors and apps, to improve their practice efficiency. However, noticeable differences were perceived between teachers’ expectations and their students’ performance. Teacher participants expected their students to apply practice strategies with flexibility, actively solve problems, and set specific practice goals during at-home practice. The findings can help piano instructors gain a better understanding of their students and use specific teaching approaches to address individual issues.

Managerial Blurring of Employee Goals

Many researchers and practitioners believe that the lack of specificity of employee goals is detrimental to the effectiveness of performance management in firms. Using an inductive grounded theory approach, this study identifies two managerial factors that could impact negatively goal specificity in real-life corporate environments. First, ‘goal blurring’ is a counterintuitive purposeful managerial behavior that results in blurred employee goals being set during annual reviews. Second, ‘specifying capability’ incorporates factors that can result in a lower level of specificity of employee goals with no purposeful intent. The findings reveal two main reasons managers set less specific goals: (1) limited capability and (2) choice to purposefully blur employee goals to maintain flexibility in evaluating their subordinates. While non-purposeful blurring occurs because of circumstances that make setting specific goals difficult and limit the capabilities of managers to do so, purposeful blurring of goals occurs with the main aim of maintaining flexibility in evaluating employees. As a result, blurred goals are set for employees despite managers’ awareness of the benefits of setting specific goals, which is supported by extensive research and management practice. Our work reveals the purposeful managerial blurring of employee goals, a phenomenon that has a significant impact on firm performance, though it has not been previously identified as such, or explained.

Inclusive Special Education: What Do We Mean and What Do We Want?

The United States will soon recognize the 50th anniversary of the signing of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975. Considering the past 50 years in special education, we organized this special issue of Remedial and Special Education focused on inclusive education of students with disabilities in international contexts. Just as a broad array of educators in the US have grappled with improving how the education system might most effectively include students with disabilities, educational leaders in various countries across the globe have been addressing the same question: How can we design inclusive education for students with disabilities that effectively meets their needs? The manuscripts included in this special issue represent five countries—India, Japan, Norway, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. Each paper presents background on the inclusion of students with disabilities within the focus country and highlights recent advances in and proposes next steps for policy, practice, and research. Collectively, we hope the issue expands readers’ thinking about what special education could be, encourages our community to set specific goals for our next ‘milestone anniversary,’ and ignites conversations about the specific steps we need to accomplish our goals.

Effects of unstable load and unstable surface ontrunk muscles activation and postural control in healthy subjects

Exercise with an unstable load is considered a new training method to activate the core muscles. Research has shown consistency regarding an unstable surface but has not provided comprehensive findings about the effect of an unstable load. The study aimed to examine the impact of an unstable load and unstable surfaces on core muscle activation and postural control during lifting. Thirty-eight participants lifted a load equivalent to 10 % of their body weight under three conditions: a stable load on an unstable surface, a stable load on a stable surface, and an unstable load on a stable surface. The center of pressure (COP) displacement and electromyography activity of abdominal and back extensor muscles were measured during lifting. The results indicated that lifting on an unstable surface activated the lumbar erector spinae and multifidus muscles more than in a stable condition (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of thoracic erector spinae muscle activity between the unstable load and unstable surface conditions. The stable condition increased activity in the internal oblique muscle (1.37 times) compared to the unstable conditions. The analysis of postural control revealed that lifting the load on an unstable surface significantly decreased COP displacement in the anteroposterior direction (P<0.05), while holding the load on the unstable surface significantly increased COP displacement in the anteroposterior direction compared to the other conditions. These findings could be valuable for future rehabilitation research, learning appropriate lifting techniques, and setting specific training goals in sports.

Knowledge of Patients' Activation Level Changes Expert US Physicians' Communication in GERD Management.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common. Treatment is to manage symptoms, but medication nonadherence is common. To date, little emphasis has been on understanding patient behaviors and reasons for medication nonadherence. We performed a cross-sectional survey study among expert gastroenterologists specializing in esophageal disease. Survey studies consisted of a 6-item questionnaire measuring physician knowledge of patient activation, the Clinician Support for Patient Activation Measure (CS-PAM), and an adapted 20-item Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC). All question stems were specified to GERD management. Thirty-six experts participated. Most indicated hearing the term patient engagement before this survey (88.9%), but fewer were aware of the term patient activation (33.3%). Respondents were then made aware of the clinical significance of patient activation and asked, based on this knowledge, the likelihood that patients' activation level before the clinic would impact their communication. Responses varied between "to a great extent" and "not at all." Overall, CS-PAM activation scores were high, indicating a high level of support for patient activation. Lastly, respondents indicated their frequency of participating in partnership-building behaviors with patients. More than half (52.8%) of expert physicians "almost always" asked how GERD affected their lives, while less often asked patients about their health habits (22.2%), help set specific goals to improve their eating or exercise lifestyle (19.4%), or refer patients to a dietician, health educator, or counselor for their GERD (11.1%). Patient activation is an important strategy and may provide a behavioral approach to address medication adherence in GERD.

Research on the Relationship Between Ski and Snowboard Athletes’ Fear of Failure and Their Sport Enjoyment and Goal Orientation

Enjoying sport is a critical factor in understanding the sources of athletes’ enthusiasm for sport, creating enjoyable sport experiences for young athletes, maintaining their participation in sport, and setting specific goals. It is well known that fear of failure is amongst the main motivational problems on the path to achieving set goals. The inability to eliminate the fear of failure can lead to a decline in the level of fulfilment, satisfaction, and pleasure, interfering with the achievement of goals set by the athlete for a specific purpose. From this point of view, the aim of our study is to examine the effects of ski and snowboard athletes’ enjoyment of sport and goal orientation on their fear of failure in terms of various variables. This study is quantitative research in which the correlational survey model was applied. The Sources of Sports Enjoyment Scale (SSEE) adapted to Turkish by Çimen and Gürbüz (2008), the Task and Ego Orientation Scale (TEOS) adapted to Turkish by Toros (2004), and The Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory translated into Turkish by Kahraman and Sungur (2016) were used. The population of the study consists of ski and snowboard athletes in Turkey, while the sample group consists of a total of 124 ski and snowboard athletes 72 of whom are male and 25 of whom are female randomly selected from various ski clubs. Significant differences were found in all sub-scales of the participants’ gender variable and sports failure scale, and in both sub-scales of participation level variable and goal orientation. Positive moderate linear relationships were observed between sources of goal orientation, ego orientation and enjoyment of sport, and between ego orientation and goal orientation. Regarding the Failure in Sports scale, the female participants who regularly attended the trainings had, on average, higher scores on the "Participation Level" variable and the "Goal Orientation" scale. As the sources of sports enjoyment increase, goal orientation and ego orientation also increase. As ego orientation increases, goal orientation also increases.Keywords: Fear of Failure, Goal Orientation, Sports, Enjoyment

A patient-centered care for the management of children with rare diseases: collaboration between physicians, nurses, and patients

The purpose of our study was to determine the effective strategies of patient-centered care for children with rare diseases and the role of healthcare professionals’ collaboration with patients in implementing this approach. Patient-centered care, which revolves around respecting patients’ values, preferences and needs, involving their families and friends, coordinating and integrating the care, promoting awareness, communication, and education, ensuring physical comfort, emotional support, and reducing fear and anxiety of patients, continuity and accessibility, has emerged as the most effective model of medical care for patients with rare diseases. To successfully implement this approach, it is crucial to have a targeted institutional policy with the active involvement of both institutional leaders and healthcare professionals in cooperation with patient organizations. This collaboration helps understand and address patients’ needs, set specific goals and objectives, and enhance medical staff education and patient awareness, which are integral to the effectiveness of the approach. Family-oriented rounds as a form of patient-centered care contribute to increased patient satisfaction, improved communication between medical staff and patients/families, reduced stress levels associated with hospitalization, increased patient awareness and safety, and facilitate collaborative decision-making regarding diagnosis, treatment, and discharge planning. Coordination of care for patients with rare diseases is a fundamental aspect of integrated care across different levels. Through collaboration between the medical community and patient organizations, significant progress has been made in improving the diagnosis and treatment of rare disease patients, implementing evidence-based treatment standards, and incorporating best global practices. The cooperation with international professional and patient organizations since the first days of Russian aggression against Ukraine has been invaluable in saving the lives of patients with rare diseases and serious conditions.

SKILLS TO COPE WITH LEARNING STRESS OF STUDENTS IN CAN THO UNIVERSITY, VIETNAM

The research on the topic has systematized the theoretical basis of students' skills to cope with stress in learning. Currently, students face a lot of pressure and stress in their studies, so coping skills are an extremely important issue and need attention. The study presents the manifestations of skills to cope with stress in the learning of students of School of Education at Can Tho University (CTU), Vietnam. The research mainly uses a questionnaire survey method with 400 students from various fields of study, SoE, CTU. According to survey results, there were many manifestations of stress that students encountered. The survey results are the basis for finding the causes so students can plan and manage their time, set specific goals to find effective remedies, adapt and manage better emotions. From the current situation of the problem, the study has proposed measures to support students' skills to cope with stress in their studies. This study provides recommendations to deploy and apply the research results to Can Tho University lecturers and students as well.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/soc/0061/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The Influence of Teachers’ Classroom Transformational Leadership on Chinese College Students’ English Learning—Taking the Flipped Classroom as an Example

Many educators have recognized that a teacher-centered approach to teaching and learning frequently results in students becoming passive in the classroom. The flipped education model has resulted in students becoming more motivated and participating in the classroom, particularly in English (Doman &amp; Webb, 2017). In addition, in a flipped university English classroom, the teacher as a leader can first stimulate students’ interest in the flipped classroom; set motivational goals to stimulate students’ interest in learning the language; set specific and manageable goals, plans, requirements, and assessment criteria; provide personalized guidance to students; set an example for students through the teacher’s own behavior; and create a pleasant and relaxed learning environment (Suo &amp; Hou, 2017). All of these changes in teaching styles reflect the transformational leadership of teachers in the classroom, while this change in classroom paradigm has also influenced university students’ learning of English.

일반병동 간호사의 의사소통 자기효능감과 셀프리더십이 정신간호역량에 미치는 영향

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of psychiatric nursing competency among general ward nurses as well as the influence of communication self-efficacy and self-leadership on it. Methods The participants were 197 general ward nurses who worked in a general hospital or a higher-level facility (more than 100 beds). Data were collected using structured self-report questionnaires from August 20 to August 27, 2021. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0. In addition, frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe’s test, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression analysis were used. Results The mean score for psychiatric nursing competency among general ward nurses was 3.42 out of 5. There were significant differences in behavior health care competency according to general characteristics such as sex (t=-3.38, p=.001), type of duty (F=6.09, p=.003), and remuneration education experience related to mental nursing (t=-4.51, p&lt;.001). It was positively correlated with communication self-efficacy (r=.44, p&lt;.001) and self-leadership (r=.55, p&lt;.001). The significant factors affecting psychiatric nursing competency were specific communication skills (β=.37, p&lt;.001), remuneration education experience related to mental nursing (β=-.33, p&lt;.001), goal setting (β=.20, p=.003), and constructive thinking (β=.16, p=.009). The explanatory power of these variables was 50.0%. Conclusions To improve the Psychiatric Nursing Competency among general ward nurses, it is necessary to provide opportunities for remuneration education related to mental nursing and to include specific communication skills, goal setting, and constructive thinking-related programs educational content.

OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIC PLANNING OF THE TEACHER’S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MODE OF TIME MANAGEMENT

The article analyzes the contradiction between need for a planned and systematic professional development of a modern teacher and lack of time for this process. It shows a dependence of the teacher’s professional planning process from conscious and specific goal setting and strategic planning. It’s noted that goal setting is the basis for self-management and time-management. The article proves the importance of goal setting in the teacher’s professional development, explains the methods and techniques of goal setting in time management mode. It pays attention to framing the issues of goal setting. It marks the main reasons, why the teachers waste their time, so that make them to spend their personal time on the work matters. According to these reasons it gives the recommendations on time planning. The article points, that goal setting is preceded by an analysis of the accumulated cases and determination of their importance by the teacher himself, and goal setting itself begins with open questions and is carried out using SMART technology.

Early perioperative quality of recovery after hip and knee arthroplasty: a retrospective comparative cohort study.

Increasing our knowledge about postoperative global Quality-Of-Recovery (QoR) after THA and TKA is important to improve perioperative medicine, in particular for preoperative patient information and benchmarking of postoperative patient status. This study is a single centre, retrospective cohort study of prospectively collected data, conducted in Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France. The main outcome was the modified French version of the QoR-15 (mQoR-15F) score monitored preoperatively, at postoperative day one, three, 14 and 28. We questioned the hypothesis: would THA and TKA recovery patterns differ and would postoperative health status eventually overreach the preoperative reference? The mQoR-15F was statistically higher in the THA group compared to the TKA group in POD 1 and 28 (112 ± 17 vs. 107 ± 17; p < 0.01 and 131 ± 12 vs. 127 ± 15; p = 0.02, respectively). The mean postoperative time delay to reach preoperative mQoR-15F was seven and 16days for THA and TKA patients, respectively. Early postoperative health status after THA and TKA differs significantly; TKA being associated with a larger early decrease of global health status compared to THA. Both THA and TKA groups global health status overreached preoperative levels after one and twoweeks postoperatively. These surgery-specific recovery profiles may favor improved patient information to steer advised operative decision and set specific recovery goals as part of enhanced recovery pathways.

Procedural Teaching: Focusing on the Conscious Patient

In this perspective, the authors discuss how to teach procedures at the bedside with an awake patient. The teaching process is divided into 3 stages: preprocedural, intraprocedural, and postprocedural. Each stage focuses on a specific set of educational goals and aims for the learner, with specific tips for how the faculty member should be teaching the learner. We discuss how to deal with challenging situations, such as when the faculty member needs to take over the procedure, and how to allow the learner to troubleshoot if they come across the unexpected. With the guidance provided in this perspective, we aim to make procedural teaching at the bedside less daunting for faculty members.

(Un)consciousness-Raising, (Un)knowability, Lack and Spectrums of Solidarity: Discussion of “Unconsciousness-Raising”

ABSTRACT In this response, I address five selective arguments in relation to Malherbe’s thesis on the implication of the unconscious in the structuring of our political orientations and activities, and the importance of engaging in a process of unconsciousness-raising. First, I raise a seeming conceptual tension in his argument about the relationship between conscious and unconscious activity. Second, I highlight the challenge of occupying a range of subject positions and how their associated multiple unconscious lack(s) may compromise solidarity in political formations. Third, I suggest that surrendering individual unconscious needs to that of the group is a more troublesome process than we anticipate, as it is always ideologically contested, both consciously and unconsciously. Fourth, I argue that unconsciousness-raising is not in and of itself implicitly connected to a specific set of political goals, as the unconscious is not inherently politically partisan, and I consequently conclude with the suggestion that the very idea of solidarity is an unstable and dynamic construct and process.

Civilizational-value analytics as a method of public administration and sectoral policies

The author raises the question of the instrumentalization of the cultural code of the country to ensure the praxeology of its public administration and sectoral policies and suggests a methodology based on the method of ontological deduction. The current state with the objectification of value constants in Russia is given, progress and unambiguous logic of the legislator on the use of cultural policy for the implementation of the goals and objectives of not only the cultural block, but also national security and socio-economic development of the Russian Federation are noted. The concept of the praxeology of public administration is introduced, the thesis of the conditionality of the effectiveness of public administration by the use of appropriate criteria is introduced and substantiated, the genesis of values from individual motives through consistent pre-values to social imperatives is given as confirmation of the hypothesis of the direct influence of the value basis of managerial activity on the adequate perception of the country by the people strategies of public administration. The ontological hierarchy of values based on the philosophical and methodological concretization of the mechanisms of reproduction of human society from civilization to the country is given, which makes it possible to instrumentalize values. The concretization of industry values is made on the example of the values of the economic block of the country for the implementation of specific goal-setting and goal-achievement in this industry. The logic of non-random goal-setting and goal-attainment in the civilization-value approach is reproduced. The current situation with the implementation of Decree No.809 of 09.11.2022 regarding the civilizational and value expertise of legislation is problematized, a request is made for the need to launch a federal program of civilizational and value analytics. The methodology has been tested in a number of regions of the Russian Federation, training programs for experts are ready, based on it, methodological instructions for employees of state and municipal authorities are being developed in accordance with the requirements of Decree No.809 of 09.11.2022.

Life goal selection pattern and purpose in adolescence: A latent class analysis.

This study aims to investigate the goal selection patterns among adolescents and examines the extent to which goals focused on oneself, relationships, and the larger community were associated with variability of daily purpose and mean level sense of purpose in life. Participants were 213 high school students with an average age of 15.18 years in an urban public school district in the Northeast United States. Students were asked to select their three most important goals one time and report on their sense of purpose once a day for 3 weeks in spring of 2022. Latent class analysis was used to classify students by the type of goals selected. Differences in the overall sense of purpose and its subscales by class were examined. A model with four classes (Self and Inner Circle, Inner Circle, Other-Oriented, and Self-Oriented) best fits the data. There were no statistical group differences in the variability of daily purpose and overall sense of purpose. Only one pairwise comparison was significant and indicated that students in the Other-Oriented group perceived their purpose as more meaningful than students in the Self and Inner Circle group. Findings from this study provide a lens into goal prioritization patterns among adolescents. Further, although students who were more likely to select other-oriented goals had somewhat higher perceptions of sense of purpose, findings support the concept of equifinality by suggesting that a sense of purpose may be actualized through a diverse set of specific goals.

GOAL-SETTING IN SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTIONS: THEORY AND TECHNIQUES

A goal-setting technique could be considered as one of the modern tools of client-centered social work. Such techniques are designed to motivate and direct the client to achieve a specific goal and result. The paper systematizes academic approaches to understanding the theory of goal setting, defines the specifics of its practical use in social work, and presents specific goal setting techniques that have been tested as part of structured interventions for clients who are in difficult life circumstances and are motivated to change them.The elaboration of social work interventions must be based on the understanding that goals, by their very nature, are more attainable and accessible than wishes, intentions or dreams. Their formulation by social work clients who are in difficult life circumstances and may have a reduced social perspective cannot be considered a simple process, since it requires the use of specific techniques such as setting goals and tasks («Wheel of life balance», various visualizations and discussions; «Map achievement of goals», «Suitcase of goals»), as well as the implementation of steps to achieve them (diaries, weekly goal achievement maps, skill trackers, coaching, etc.).As evidenced by the literature review, the authors’ own experience, as well as the results of other applied studies, the goal-setting theory contains ideas and concepts that are consistent with the basic principles of professional social work. It suggests that the client and the social worker work together to find differences in the client's current state of life and the outcome he or she is striving for. The paper reveals that goal setting stimulates activity, initiative and motivation of clients, encourages choice and forms a sense of responsibility for this choice, and thus strengthens the client-centeredness of social work.

ANALYSIS ON MATILDA’S PUNISHMENTS IN ROALD DAHL’S NOVEL FROM PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Roald Dahl's novel Matilda features a child with a strong penchant for punishing adults. Using Erikson’s concept of children’s development, the present study aimed to explain why Matilda was described as a five-year-old girl to perform those punishments. Through textual analysis, the present study revealed that Matilda developed as a girl who administered punishments to adults around her as part of her development at the play age. At this age, a child learns to set specific goals and plan to achieve them. In the novel, this development is reflected in Matilda Wormwood’s goal to punish her father as described in chapters “The Hat and the Superglue,” “The Ghost,” and “The Platinum-Blonde Man.” Matilda’s punishments in this novel send a strong message to readers that parents should provide good examples and sufficient attention to their children when they start learning to set goals, especially when they are very intelligent and have strong potential like Matilda.

LAW OBJECTIVES AND GOALS OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW OF UKRAINE

The article defines the goals of administrative law and describes them. It has been established that goal setting as a method of researching legal phenomena helps, firstly, to find out the orientations of legal regulation of law and its elements (branches, legal institutions, legal norms), and secondly, to determine the effectiveness of legal regulation, comparing with each other goals and results of legal regulation. At the same time, law is a multi-level system in which each level has its own specific set of goals determined by the subject of legal regulation. Established, goal setting helps to reveal the interdependence of the goals of legal regulation and the results of legal implementation. It was found that in scientific sources, administrative law was studied as an element of the legal system of Ukraine, as a systemic phenomenon, as a functional legal phenomenon, however, there are almost no publications dedicated to the goals of administrative law and its elements. In view of this, the study of goal setting in law and the goal of administrative law is considered relevant for the development of legal doctrine in Ukraine. It is proven that administrative law, as a branch of Ukrainian law, pursues the following basic goals: regulation of social relations, which are determined by the object and subject of administrative-legal regulation; protection of administrative legal relations and legal relations of other branches of Ukrainian law; consolidation of administrative proceedings regarding the implementation of material norms of administrative law. It was concluded that administrative law, as a branch of public law, has the following goals: consolidation of the mechanism of building a system of public administration bodies and the foundations of its functioning, the main duty of which is to affirm and ensure human rights and freedoms; establishment of legal standards for the organization of public service, which contribute to ensuring and realizing the rights and freedoms of a person and a citizen; establishment of legal standards for implementation of management procedures and management activities; establishment of legal standards for the implementation of law-making procedures regarding the issuance by subjects of public administration of bylaws; establishment of legal standards for the implementation of administrative procedures and public service activities; establishment of legal standards for the implementation of control activities by subjects of public administration; establishment of legal standards for law enforcement activities of public administration entities; establishment of methods and mechanisms of administrative-legal protection of violated rights and freedoms of a person in the public-legal sphere.

Model Kepemimpinan Situasional dan Transformasional Kepala Sekolah SMAK Yos Sudarso Batu

The focus of this study is to explain the situational and transformational leadership models that exist in the Principal of SMAK Yos Sudarso Batu. The leadership models that can be observed from this school principal are situational leadership and transformational leadership. These two terms are quite foreign to the ears, because they are rarely mentioned in an organization or institution that are encountered on a daily basis. This leadership model is an expression of how Principal Yos Sudarso is in the organization or foundation he leads. This study aims to describe and analyze the basis, character, and pattern of situational and transformational leadership of school principals. The researcher uses descriptive qualitative method which produces data in the form of words and in writing or verbally from the people and observed behavior. The findings of this study are that a leader who lives a situational and transformational leadership model is a leader who is able to set clear, specific and measurable organizational goals. Cooperative, capable and militant leader. This leader also has a strong determination and commitment, is able to create synergies within the organization and is able to mobilize all member resources.