Specific Emotional Reactions Research Articles

A Phono-Stylistic Analysis of Langston Hughes’ Poem “Harlem”

This research was utilized stylistic analysis tools at the phonological level in the poem titled “Harlem” by Langston Hughes. By leveraging the collective cultural scheme of the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes establishes a connection with the reader, eliciting specific cultural and emotional reactions. The study will be conducted using a qualitative method, followed by organizing the research data into a table and analyzing it by identifying dominant consonants and vowels. The research findings reveal a correlation between the dominant sounds and implicit themes in the poem. Surprisingly, the dominant sounds which is consonant give rise to words such as ‘tear’ and ‘star’, which are related to the theme of the Harlem poem. Both words obtained in this study strengthen the message and emotions conveyed by Hughes regarding the feelings of black individuals. In undertaking this research, it aids researchers in understanding the purpose, intent, and even the style of the author in creating the poem. In this particular poem, Hughes avoids repetition of themes but conveys the feelings of black individuals implicitly. This research contributes to deepening the understanding of stylistic elements at the phonological level and fosters an appreciation for a literary work.

Attributative style as a determinant of тhe modality of emotional manifestations of personality

The article examines the features of the attributive style as a stable way of explaining the causes of events and its connection with the dominant emotional states and emotional response of the individual. Existing research on the relationship between cognitive functions and emotions is summarized, it is emphasized that causal attributions are an important part of understanding emotions and determine both specific attitudes and emotional reactions of the subject. According to the results of the empirical study, differences in the modality of emotional manifestations were found in subjects with different attributive styles. All interviewees showed a high level of well-being assessment, at the same time, subjects with an optimistic and more optimistic attribution style have slightly higher well-being indicators compared to subjects with pessimistic and more pessimistic styles. Interviewees with an optimistic attributional style are also characterized by a significantly higher level of activity: they are active, have many hobbies, are active, mobile, in contrast to high school students with a pessimistic attributional style, who have a low level of activity. Differences were also found in the indicators of self-esteem studied by their mood: they are significantly higher in high school students with an optimistic attribution style. The interviewed high school students with a pessimistic attributive style are characterized by a low level of assessment of their mood, they often feel dissatisfaction, disappointment, sadness, shame, sadness, guilt. The obtained results, in particular, significantly higher indicators of self-assessment of well-being, activity, mood and general psycho-emotional state in subjects with an optimistic attribution style, confirm the assumption of causal attribution as a determinant of the modality of emotional manifestations of personality.

Experiences with COVID-19 Pandemic in the Spinal Cord Injury Community

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> Document the experiences of people with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. <h3>Design</h3> A cross-sectional survey. <h3>Setting</h3> An academic medical center. <h3>Participants</h3> A convenience sample of 35 participants from a local SCI Model Systems Center who completed a survey online or by phone between September 2021 and March 2022. <h3>Interventions</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> A scale "COVID-19: Impact of the pandemic and HRoL in cancer patients and survivors" obtained from NIH PhenX Toolkit was adapted for SCI population that measures personal COVID-19 exposures and experiences, including COVID-19 specific emotional and physical reactions, health care disruption and concerns, disruption to daily activities and social interactions, financial hardship, perceived benefits, functional social support, and perceived stress management. <h3>Results</h3> This sample had a mean age of 51.8 years, a mean duration of injury of 22.2 years, and 55.9 % had paraplegia with American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A, B, or C. 17.1% of participants had COVID-19 infection. Forty percent of participants were fully vaccinated which is lower than that of general population in the state (53.5%). More than half of participants were concerned about family members or close friends getting or dying from COVID-19, had feelings of sadness or depression, and experienced disruptions in day to day social interactions with family and/or friends. The majority reported perceived benefits, had functional social supports, and had ability to manage stress. Participants reported varying COVID-19 related impacts, including employment (eg, 8.5% lost job), health care disruption (eg, 37.1% general care disruption), and financial hardship (eg, 34.3% financial difficulties). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These results provide important markers for developing interventions for SCI population in future crises. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> No disclosure.

Clinicians' Emotional Reactions toward Patients with Depressive Symptoms in Mood Disorders: A Narrative Scoping Review of Empirical Research.

The purpose of this article is to narratively review the empirical literature on clinicians' emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses (i.e., countertransference) to depressive and other symptoms of patients with mood disorders. Therapist subjective responses (countertransference) can negatively affect both diagnostic and therapeutic processes, especially when they are not recognized and managed promptly. However, at the same time, countertransference recognition, processing, and management can help inform the diagnostic process and improve the therapy process and outcome. In the last couple of decades, the number of studies that empirically explore countertransference toward mood disordered patients, as well as its relationship with various characteristics of both patients and treatment, has increased. Current evidence suggests that patients with depression tend to elicit more positive feelings among clinicians than patients with other severe mental disorders such as borderline personality disorder or schizophrenia. Furthermore, it documents the existence of associations between patients' severity of depressive symptoms and clinicians' subjective reactions, although the results regarding which specific countertransference patterns are evoked in relation to the different phases of the treatment are not entirely consistent. Lastly, growing evidence suggests the presence of clinicians' specific emotional reactions towards patients with suicidal ideation and behavior.

Psychological Distress in the Galapagos Islands During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objectives: to explore the emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Galapagos Islands. Methods: an online survey of 369 participants, conducted on October of 2020, was used to assess levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as specific behavioral and emotional reactions to the pandemic. Results: the prevalence of anxiety was 4% and depression 3.65%. Perceived stress level was higher, with 52% of the sample reporting moderate amounts. Women had higher levels of depression and perceived stress. Financial distress, interpersonal conflicts, feelings of isolation and fear of contagion of COVID-19 were all associated with higher levels of anxiety, depression, and stress. Conclusion: prevalence of anxiety and depression is lower in the Galápagos Islands during the pandemic compared to other regions, while stress levels are more significant and may warrant intervention. Despite being low, anxiety and depression were associated with potentially problematic behaviors and emotional reactions.

The role of causal attributions in determining behavioral consequences: A meta-analysis from an intrapersonal attributional perspective in achievement contexts.

A large body of research has documented Weiner's theory as it applies to achievement contexts, highlighting the role of the causal dimensions (locus of causality, stability, and controllability) as antecedents of specific emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. The aim of this article is to address important, and as yet unanswered questions, by focusing on the relationship between these causal dimensions and their cognitive and behavioral consequences, and by meta-analyzing research using the direct-rating method to measure the causal dimensions identified by Weiner (1985, 2005). 43 studies using direct-rating measures of causal dimensions, reporting 57 correlation matrices involving 15,213 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Using meta-analytic structural equation modeling, the fit of the cognition-expectancy-action sequence of Weiner's model, its structural parameters and between-sample variations were examined. Our model fitted the data well, and the structural parameters showed that the causal dimensions influenced behavioral adjustment and performance through psychological consequences. The results also revealed large effect size heterogeneity across studies, explained by several moderators such as event valence. To conclude, the results support the cognition-expectancy- action sequence proposed by Weiner's attributional theory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Roll-your-own smokers’ reactions to cessation-efficacy messaging integrated into tobacco packaging design: a sequential mixed-methods study

BackgroundAlthough loss-framed pictorial warning labels (PWLs) have increased knowledge of the health harms caused by smoking, they may elicit maladaptive responses among some smokers who have tried repeatedly, yet unsuccessfully,...

Teaching the comic Yummy to engage adolescent empathy, critical reflection, and community awareness

ABSTRACT For researchers interested in how pedagogy within schools can be used as a catalyst for adolescent moral development, investigating practitioner-based studies of classroom practices that support the growth of prosocial behaviors is crucial. This paper delineates a qualitative study conducted in an ethnically diverse high school language arts classroom where texts were being utilized to promote moral development across multiple domains. Authors describe how the critical reading and discussion of the comic Yummy led students to express emotional responses to the text centered in feelings of empathy, gratitude, and community awareness. Findings suggest that these specific emotional reactions demonstrate potential for critical, social consciousness and the development of empathic and prosocial behaviors. Fundamentally, this paper seeks to enrich scholarship in the field of adolescent moral development by arguing that pedagogy within schools can be utilized to promote emotions and cognitions that lead to community action.

Understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on stress, mood, and substance use among young adults in the greater Minneapolis-St. Paul area: Findings from project EAT.

There is a need to understand how the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has affected the mental and behavioral health of young adults in the U.S. This study used quantitative and qualitative survey data to identify young adults at highest risk for psychological distress during the U.S. outbreak of COVID-19 and to further understand how the pandemic has impacted their stress, mood, and substance use. Participants were 670 young adult cohort members (ages 21-29) of the population-based longitudinal study EAT 2010-2018 who participated in the C-EAT study (COVID-19 Eating and Activity over Time). Among the sample, 84% (n=561) reported pandemic-related changes to their mood or stress and 33% (n=221) reported changes to their substance use. Linear regression analyses identified several meaningful risk factors for higher psychological distress during the pandemic, including female gender, White race, higher pre-pandemic depressive symptoms and perceived stress, and lower pre-pandemic stress management ability. A thematic analysis further identified five major themes related to changes in stress and mood following the COVID-19 outbreak describing specific emotional reactions, stress related to the direct impact of the pandemic as well as interpersonal connectedness and economic factors, and strategies for managing stress. In addition, two major themes were identified related to substance use during the pandemic detailing specific changes in and motivations for substance use. These findings underscore the need to develop effective, scalable, and rapidly deployable public health resources that target the stressors commonly experienced among young adults to improve their psychological wellbeing during this pandemic.

CONFLICTS՚ SOURCES AND STRESSFUL FACTORS IN MODERN ORGANIZATIONS

The article gives the results of a study of managers and ordinary employees of Russian organizations on the problem of identifying sources of conflicts and stress factors affecting the functioning of companies. The paper analyses in detail and presents the answers of respondents to the questionnaire about the frequency of the confrontation; on the impact of collisions on staff productivity and on the development of unfavorable mental states of workers; on the role of management and ordinary employees in the emergence of conflicts; about the main reasons for the conflict confrontation; on the system of conflict and stress management, including measures to prevent and resolve them. The results of the survey showed that both the company’s management and ordinary personnel are involved in conflicts, and the leading source of confrontation, according to the majority of respondents, is the individual psychological characteristics of employees. At the same time, the conflicts themselves act as stress factors, having a direct adverse effect on the efficiency of activities and causing specific unwanted emotional reactions. Among other things, the results of the survey showed that the organizations where the respondents work do not have a well-functioning system of conflict management. The research results are practice-oriented.

Life partners’ perceptions of the emotional, speech disruptive, and attitudinal correlates of stuttering

PurposeThe purpose of the current investigation was to explore the extent to which the life partners (LPs) of people who stutter (PWS) perceive their loved ones’ speech-situation specific emotional reaction, expectancy of speech disruption, and speech-related communication attitude. MethodsThree subtests of the Behavior Assessment Battery (BAB): the Speech Situation Checklist - Emotional Reaction (SSC-ER), the Speech Situation Checklist - Speech Disruption (SSC-SD) and the Communication Attitude Test for Adults Who Stutter (BigCAT) were administered to 33 PWS and modified versions were administered to their LPs via Qualtrics Survey Software. Effect of relationship duration on subtest scores was considered. Perceived stuttering severity by the participant and their LP was also queried as part of a demographic questionnaire. ResultsPWS and their LPs rated BigCAT items in a similar way, while they rated certain SSC-ER and SSC-SD items differently. Importantly, between-group agreement was not affected by relationship duration. Among the PWS and LP, perceived stuttering severity influenced all BAB subtest scores. ConclusionLPs of PWS appear to be in tune with the cognitive aspects of their partner’s experience of stuttering. This has important clinical implications as it relates to active involvement of the family in speech intervention targeting fluency.

Communicating Uncertainties during the COVID-19 Outbreak

ABSTRACT With specific references to South Korea’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic, this commentary discusses insights and problems related to the issue of how to communicate uncertainties about health risks to affected publics. First, we discuss examples of uncertainties relating to deficiencies of knowledge and divergent views among experts. Next, we summarize key findings on effective communication about uncertainty, and we suggest possible future directions for research in this area. Last, we suggest further development of theories that could explain how people process uncertainty in communication and how uncertainty leads to specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral reactions.

Socio-psychological and personal characteristics of adolescents who witness bullying

Introduction . Bullying witnesses are the most prevalent and yet the least researched group of adolescents involved in bullying. The objective of the current article is to summarise the results of the studies of psychological and personal characteristics of adolescent bullying witnesses. Materials and Methods . Summarising results of the theretical and experimental studies dedicated to psychological and personal characteristics of adolescent bullying witnesses. Results . Bullying witnesses are the most prevalent group, which makes bullying possible. There are four groups among witnesses: defenders of the victim, assistants of the bully, sympathizers of the victim and bystanders. These groups have specific social status, traumatic experience, emotional reactions, attitudes, perceptions, friendships and motivations. Defenders of the victims have high social status, psychological wellbeing and personal resources. Adolescents from other groups are more troubled or have traumatic experience, have less wellbeing and personal resources. These findings must be taken into account when developing preventon programs. Discussion and Conclusions . Nonconstructive behavior of the witnesses, as a key element of the bullying, must be understood for each bullying case. Prevention program must be aimed at changing nonproductive role positions of the witnesses into the active position of the victim defender. Increasing the number of active defending stops the bullying and prevents the bully from future attacks.

0276 Does Losing Sleep Unleash Anger?

Abstract Introduction Sleeping is understood as essential to affective function, yet little is known about how sleep shapes more specific and contextualized emotional responses besides anxiety and depression, such as anger. Anger itself involves arousal and can disrupt sleep. To examine the causal role of sleep in anger, a daily-diary study and an experimental study tested whether shortened sleep amplifies angry feelings, while exploring mediating mechanisms of this influence. Methods The daily-diary study (N = 202) collected daily reports of last-night’s sleep, daily stressors, and state anger across one month from college students, examining sleep and anger within everyday life. The experimental laboratory study (N = 147 community residents) examined changes in anger experienced during aversive noise following random assignment to either at-home sleep restriction (by about 5 hours across 2 nights), or to individuals’ regular schedule. Results In the daily-diary study, individuals experienced more anger on days following less sleep than their usual, with half of this effect attributed to the increased frequency of stressors experienced on such days, and somewhat independently from the effect of sleep duration on negative affect more generally. In the experimental study, well-slept individuals adapted to noise and reported less anger and negative affect after 2 days. In contrast, sleep-restricted individuals exhibited higher and increased anger responses. The impact of sleep restriction on anger held even after accounting for negative emotions more generally. Subjective sleepiness accounted for most of the experimental effect of sleep loss on anger. Conclusion Together, these results provide compelling evidence that lost sleep amplifies anger in both the laboratory and everyday life, while also pointing to short-term (subjective sleepiness) and mid-term (stress) mediators of these influences. The findings also point to the value of examining specific emotional reactions (and their regulation) in the context of sleep disruption, alongside affect more broadly. Support N/A

Emotional experiences in vulnerable and grandiose narcissism: Anger and mood in neutral and anger evoking situations

ABSTRACT Objectives: This paper presents four independent studies examining emotional experiences in grandiose and vulnerable narcissism across neutral and anger-evoking situations, controlling for the shared variance between neuroticism and vulnerable narcissism. Methods: In Study 1 and 2, we explored the associations of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism with temporary anger and mood in neutral situations. In Study 3 and 4, we examined participants' responses to induced anger and provocation, respectively. Results & Conclusions: Across conditions, vulnerable narcissism was associated with higher baseline anger and worse mood, while grandiose narcissism was related to a better mood. Our results suggest that narcissism shapes individual emotional experience. However, it is not connected with any specific emotional reactions in anger-evoking situations.

Services gone wrong: Investigating cause and affect

The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate the research propositions set out by Harrison-Walker (2012) with regard to the relationships between the perceived cause of a service failure and the resulting consumer emotions. The premise is that when a service failure occurs, the customer's specific emotional reaction depends on the customer's perception of why the service failure occurred in the first place. This paper examines six perceived causes and their relationship to six specific emotions.

A dining table without food: the floral experience at ethnic fine dining restaurants

PurposeA high-end ethnic restaurant is a tourism experience that can increase the attractiveness and brand recognition of a tourism destination. The restaurant environment is a key element that affects consumer visits. The purpose of this paper is to adopt Schmitt’s experience module to analyse tourist preferences and experiences with respect to floral styles in ethnic fine dining restaurants. The results of this study are intended to serve as a reference for operators of fine dining establishments in designing flower arrangements.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts a quantitative research method. A sample was developed using tablet computers to simulate flower arrangements in restaurants. The research tools included a floral style preference scale and a tourist floral experience scale.FindingsBased on the results, the test subjects preferred European floral design styles in restaurants. Restaurant environments with floral arrangements were best at relaxing the test subjects. A restaurant’s floral style was positively correlated with various aspects of the tourist experience. Gender, age, Chinese flower styles, Japanese flower styles, European flower styles and other variables enabled forecasting the degree of the tourist experience.Originality/valueWhen a consumer exhibits higher preference for a restaurant’s floral style, the level of the tourist experience increases. This study investigates the aesthetic experience of restaurants and restaurant atmosphere as a marketing tool. Sensory stimulation within the restaurant atmosphere can be based on the five senses such that tourists may, through the design of the restaurant environment, have specific emotional reactions that improve their tourist experience and reinforce the restaurant’s brand image.

Consumer Reshoring Sentiment and Animosity: Expanding Our Understanding of Market Responses to Reshoring

Although an increasing body of research has focused attention on reshoring, namely, a company’s decision to relocate activities back to the home-country, how and when reshoring impacts market responses remains largely understudied and requires specific theoretical and empirical consideration. Our study complements existing research on reshoring by adopting a demand-side perspective. Through multiple, experimental and survey-based studies, conducted in two countries (Italy and the US), we verified that the interplay between Consumer Reshoring Sentiment (CRS) and Consumer Animosity (CA) leads to specific emotional reactions (gratitude and relief) which, in their turn, affect relevant market responses (positive word of mouth, willingness to buy, advocacy behaviors). Our work provides interesting insights for practitioners and international managers evaluating reshoring; they can capitalize on the positive market responses to reshoring by considering both reshoring sentiments characterizing the home-country market and consumer animosity associated with tensions between the countries involved in the reshoring decision.

Why consumer animosity reduces product quality perceptions: The role of extreme emotions in international crises

International crises often influence consumers to reject offerings associated with a hostile country. While research has shown that negative emotions mediate the influence of animosity beliefs on consumer behavior, scholars do not examine the specific influence of different discrete emotions. This study extends prior research by demonstrating that extreme negative emotions of contempt and disgust play a key role in explaining the effects of animosity beliefs on behavior. The strength of these emotions results in a degraded image of the target country that is associated with social exclusion and intergroup hatred. In such circumstances, animosity also reduces product quality perceptions and is extremely difficult to manage. The best strategy is to eliminate any connection between the country of origin and the relevant offering. The findings of this study suggest that rather than assessing negative emotions in general, managers should consider the specific emotional reactions elicited by the country under examination.

Inflammatory Comments Elicit Less Outrage When Made in Anonymous Online Contexts

Digital communities often face difficulties in limiting inflammatory social exchanges. The present studies test one potential obstacle to combating malicious comments online: that characteristics of specific online environments dull emotional reactions to inflammatory speech. Across four studies, results suggest that online contexts, particularly those lacking social information such as names and profile pictures, attenuate negative reactions to malicious behavior relative to face-to-face contexts. Shifting expectations and perceptions of harm may partly account for varying outrage across face-to-face and digital environments.