Specific Disciplines Research Articles

Многоликий жанр в концепции филолога В. С. Вахрушева

This article presents an interdisciplinary conception of genre proposed by the Russian philologist from Balashov, Professor Vladimir Serafimovich Vakhrushev. The feasibility of this task can be mainly seen in two aspects. First of all, Vakhrushev conceives genre as an ideal model generating versatile phenomena not only of discursive, but also of social, cultural, and historical processes. His broad understanding of genre can contribute to the comprehension of the specific speech genres, studied within the specific disciplines isolated so far by their primary tasks, as the elements of a coherent macro system “Genre – Text – Man – Society – Culture – Nature”. Within this macro system, the genres of verbal texts appear to be the structures similar to those of other types, existing elsewhere beyond the realm of art or everyday speech, namely, in nature, history and society. According to V. Vakhrushev, verbal genres and the genres of natural and sociohistorical phenomena share a number of intrinsic properties which are determined by the global ecological law of their adaptation to the ever-changing environment. Secondly, this publication is timed to coincide with Professor Vakhrushev’s 90th anniversary, which falls on September 2022, thus providing a motive for presenting his theoretical legacy to a wider community of linguists, literary scholars, cultural studies scholars, perhaps sociologists, historians, and natural scientists to engage them in a critical discussion. Researchers of speech genres and literary studies may be particularly interested in Vakhrushev’s phenomenological definition of genre and in the ways he is reasoning the isomorphism and the presence of analogies between text genres and the genres of other life forms, such as biology, daily social life and history.

National patterns of vulnerable decision points in school discipline

In this study, we identified the specific discipline decision situations (i.e., vulnerable decision points [VDPs]) that contribute most to racial discipline disparities from a sample of 2020 schools across the United States. We also examined how much VDPs contributed to overall discipline disparities and the extent to which there was similarity among the strongest VDPs within each school. Last, we directly compared the VDP that contributed most to disparities in each school to situations with the highest rates of office discipline referrals (ODRs) to identify the extent of agreement with overall school discipline patterns. We found the most common VDPs within schools to be subjective behaviors (e.g., defiance, disruption) in classrooms throughout the day, with ODRs for physical aggression contributing notably to disparities among the top 10 VDPs. The strongest single VDP accounted for an average of 17% of racial disparities across the school and the top three VDPs accounted for 37% of disparities. The strongest three VDPs within schools also were remarkably consistent across behavior and location. Finally, there was moderate agreement between situations with the most ODRs and those with the strongest racial disparities, with 63% of schools in the sample having VDPs identical to their situations with most ODRs. In the absence of prescriptive analysis of their own school data, the results of this study provide school leaders and intervention researchers with more precise, promising targets for intervention to increase educational equity.

TEACHERS' PERCEPTIONS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS' BEHAVIORS: a discussion in relation to the signs of conduct disorder

CIDD is a significant mental health problem in children and adolescents worldwide, with a global prevalence of approximately 3.2% among children and adolescents. Dysfunctional behaviors in children are frequently manifested in the school environment and may be associated with CIDD, causing serious interference in the teaching and learning process. The research aims to identify the prevalence of diagnostic indicators of Disruptive Impulse Control and Conduct Disorder (DICTD) in elementary school students in the public school system of Patos de Minas - MG. For data collection, an online questionnaire was made available to public school teachers in the municipality, in order to record their observations about the behavior currently displayed by elementary school children. The research seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between TDCIC and the school environment, as well as to the development of effective intervention strategies. The analysis of the teachers participating in this study reveals worrying indicators of maladaptive behaviors among students, indicating the possible presence of Conduct Disorder. The results highlight manifestations of disruptive disorders, such as angry mood, impulsivity and challenges to authority, which present significant barriers for educators. The challenges faced not only complicate the pedagogical dynamics, but also have the potential to generate psychological distress in teachers. Given this, the underlying implication points to the need to implement measures and strategies aimed at understanding and addressing the emotional and behavioral needs of these students. Such an approach may include specific pedagogical disciplines, specialized psychological support, improvement of social and emotional development programs, as well as close collaboration with families.

USE OF CLOUD-ORIENTED OPEN SCIENCE SYSTEMS IN THE PROCESS OF EDUCATION AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS: MODELS AND TECHNOLOGIES

. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The study by J. Borup and A. Evmenova examined the effectiveness of an in-service course designed to improve teachers' knowledge, skills, and attitudes. In the study by F. Coenders and N. Verhoef, there is professional development of experienced and beginning teachers who collaborate in Lesson Study groups. Research by T. R. Kelley, J. G. Knowles, J. D. Holland, and J. Han shows that science teachers’ self-efficacy increases after completing inservice courses. The research objective. To justify the models and technologies of using cloud-oriented systems of open science in the process of teaching and professional development of teachers. The statement of basic materials. Models of the composition and structure of the educational and scientific cloudoriented learning environment and professional development of teachers can be based on the model of the educational environment. An attempt has been made to design a general logical model for managing open scientific and educational research in institutions of general secondary education, which can form the basis for building narrower models (for individual levels of education, specific disciplines, etc.).

The Decline of a Professional Academic Organization: Examining a Regional Association

Organizations, civic clubs, volunteer associations, academic societies and associations, and religious and non-profit organizations have experienced declines in membership and participation during the past decades. The advent of COVID and the disruption to travel, gathering, and social activities is often cited as hastening what had already been seen as a trend and perhaps providing the death knell for many organizations and associations. Academic organizations and professional societies dedicated to fields of study and the advancement of knowledge in specific disciplines are no exception to these trends, and many have seen steep declines in participation and membership. This paper examines the case of a regional academic organization, the Southwest Case Research Association (SWCRA), and the negative trend lines experienced by the organization. Potential solutions are discussed in preparation of strategic planning and positioning for the future.

Improving the analysis of the judiciary performance - the use of data mining techniques to assess the timeliness of civil trials

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how data mining techniques can improve the performance management of the judiciary, helping judges in steering position with specific and timely measures. It explores different approaches to analyse the length of trials, based on the case of an Italian judicial office.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents a temporal analysis to compare the timeliness of trials, using data and process mining approaches with the support of a specific software to represent graphically the results. Data were gathered directly from the office data base, improving precision and the opportunity to monitor specific phases of the trials.FindingsThe results highlight the progress that can be reached using data mining approaches to develop performance analyses helping courts to correct inefficiencies and to manage the personnel distribution, overcoming the critical comments arisen against traditional KPI (Raine, 2000). The work proposes a methodology to analyse cases deriving from different juridical matters useful to set up a performance monitoring system that could be diffused to different courts.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitations of the research regard the analysis of a selected, limited number of cases in terms of judicial matters.Practical implicationsData mining techniques can improve the performance management processes in providing more accurate feedback to the judicial offices leaders and increasing the organisational learning.Social implicationsThe performance of the judiciary is one of the relevant issues that emerged in the recent decade in the field of public sector reforms. Several reasons explain this interest, which has gone beyond the specific legal disciplines to involve public policy, management, economics and ICT studies.Originality/valueConsidering the literature on the judiciary (Visser et al., 2019; Di Martino et al., 2021; Troisi and Alfano, 2023) the contribution differs as both the methodological approach and the predictive analysis considers the intrinsic differences that define cases belonging to different juridical matters performing a cross-sectional analysis, with a specific focus of process variants.

ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ УСЛОВИЯ

In the modern environment, there is a need to pay more attention to the development and use of integrated training, along with innovative teaching methods that promote the effective acquisition of knowledge and skills by students of aviation schools. Ways of education based on competences are provided for students, using the possibilities of interdisciplinary communication of cycles of general professional and special disciplines. The article highlights the potential of integrated training methods in the future development of aviation education. An integrated approach is an interdisciplinary approach that helps bring together knowledge and skills from different subject areas, allowing students to see their interrelationships and apply them holistically to solve problems.

Gender gaps in scientific research: a systematic review

Background: The gender gaps present in the field of scientific and academic research generate discrimination and lack of equal opportunities for women, resulting in several barriers that significantly limit women's scientific productivity. The objective was to identify the main gender gaps in productivity and scientific research. Method: The researchers conducted a systematic search for articles on gender disparities in women's scientific production in the SCOPUS and REDALYC repositories, taking into account manuscripts in English, Spanish, and Portuguese. Articles on gender gaps in scientific production were included, while empirical studies with other approaches to gender discrimination were excluded. Studies that did not address gender differences in scientific research, those that focused only on specific scientific disciplines without taking gender into account, and those that were not available in their entirety were excluded. The search and selection were conducted from May and June 2023. To avoid stumbling blocks, other methods were used, such as initially filtering titles based on a search equation and then excluding those that did not address gender differences in scientific research. Next, manuscripts were reviewed and those that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. Finally, the remaining research was thoroughly reviewed to obtain the information needed for the study. Results: A total of 23 articles were analyzed, addressing various issues such as discrimination, lack of policies to support women, academic inequalities and other factors that make female participation more difficult. Conclusion: The main findings revealed gender gaps that have an impact on worldwide female scientific production. The literature frequently focuses on low output without investigating the causes. When they approach, they just treat the surface. Future research should focus on gender disparities in production, as well as the daily challenges women face in research and scientific production.

Exploring Capabilities of Large Language Models such as ChatGPT in Radiation Oncology

PurposeTechnological progress of machine learning and natural language processing has led to the development of large language models (LLMs), capable of producing well-formed text responses and providing natural language access to knowledge. Modern conversational LLMs such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable capabilities across a variety of fields, including medicine. These models may assess even highly specialized medical knowledge within specific disciplines, such as radiation therapy. We conducted an exploratory study to examine the capabilities of ChatGPT to answer questions in radiation therapy. Methods and MaterialsA set of multiple-choice questions about clinical, physics, and biology general knowledge in radiation oncology as well as a set of open-ended questions were created. These were given as prompts to the LLM ChatGPT, and the answers were collected and analyzed. For the multiple-choice questions, it was checked how many of the answers could be clearly assigned to one of the answers, and the proportion of correct answers was determined. For the open-ended questions, independent blinded radiation oncologists evaluated the quality of the answers regarding correctness and usefulness on a 5-point Likert scale. Furthermore, the evaluators were asked to provide suggestions for improving the quality of the answers. ResultsFor 70 multiple-choice questions, ChatGPT gave valid answers in 66 cases (94.3%). In 60.61% of the valid answers, the selected answer was correct (50.0% of clinical questions, 78.6% of physics questions, and 58.3% of biology questions). For 25 open-ended questions, 12 answers of ChatGPT were considered as “acceptable,” “good,” or “very good” regarding both correctness and helpfulness by all 6 participating radiation oncologists. Overall, the answers were considered “very good” in 29.3% and 28%, “good” in 28% and 29.3%, “acceptable” in 19.3% and 19.3%, “bad” in 9.3% and 9.3%, and “very bad” in 14% and 14% regarding correctness/helpfulness. ConclusionsModern conversational LLMs such as ChatGPT can provide satisfying answers to many relevant questions in radiation therapy. As they still fall short of consistently providing correct information, it is problematic to use them for obtaining medical information. As LLMs will further improve in the future, they are expected to have an increasing impact not only on general society, but also on clinical practice, including radiation oncology.

Formation and development of legal-communicative competence in the framework of higher legal education

Introduction. The solution of the formation and development problem of legal-communicative competence within the framework of higher education is one of the most urgent issues of legal education modernization, as the mastery of such competence is considered a component of professional suitability and is a special competitive advantage in the legal profession. The aim of the article is to analyse theoretical and practical aspects of the formation and development of legalcommunicative competence in accordance with its structural elements within the framework of higher legal education. Materials and methods. The complex content of the elements of legal-communicative competence determined the use of an interdisciplinary approach to its research and the application of legal, pedagogical, philological and psychological scientific methodologies. The materials of the research were scientific works devoted to the problems of communicative competence, various aspects of the formation and development of communicative competence in legal education, materials of scientific periodicals, dissertations, works of the world's leading scientists in the field of communicative competence, materials and reports of UNESCO in the field of education, which are publicly available on the Internet and in official reports. Results. The formation and development of legal-communicative competence can be considered through the prism of its structural elements formation. Pedagogical conditions for the formation and development of individual elements of legal-communicative competence include acquiring the skills of communicative competence in the study of various disciplines throughout the period of study (integration of theoretical and practical training, increased attention to legal practice, involvement of practicing lawyers in the educational process), as well as the acquisition of communicative skills in the framework of certain special disciplines (such as "Speech Culture and Business Communication", "Legal Conflictology", "Legal Argumentation", etc.). Conclusion. The practical significance of the results is determined by the development of recommendations for the formation of legal-communicative competence. The educational process should take into account the pedagogical conditions of the formation of communicative competence of future lawyers, which will ensure their readiness to interact in the professional sphere and to cooperate.

Artificial Intelligence in Education: Awareness, Readiness and Practice of Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Professional Activities by University Faculty

Daily artificial intelligence (AI) technologies are being implemented deeper and deeper in all spheres of human life, including education. At the same time, the degree of integration of AI tools into the pedagogical process largely depends on the awareness, readiness and practice of using the entire AI arsenal by teachers in their professional activities. The purpose of this study is to identify the awareness of university faculty in the use of AI tools in teaching activities, as well as to determine the degree of their readiness and practice of using AI technology in the educational process. The survey participants were 426 teachers from 18 universities of the Russian Federation. The results of the survey showed that the integration of AI tools in education is currently at an early stage. In general, university faculty lack a systematic understanding of the organizational, teaching and learning potential of AI tools. Many educators have segmental knowledge, related to a greater extent directly to their professional activities in teaching specific disciplines, and are not able to create a complete picture of the possibilities of AI in education. At the same time, most university professors express a neutral attitude or readiness to use AI tools in teaching activities. The experience of practical application of AI tools in the pedagogical process is limited to a few cases of using specific technologies in teaching specific aspects of disciplines.

Integration of STEM Education to Humanities: Examining Interdisciplinary Links in Basic Chemistry Course According to Student Views

Science standards for the next generation, as well as other educational reforms, encourage the creation of solid ties between STEM disciplines. Education societies regard integrated STEM as the best practice in various fields. Besides, the integration of disciplines other than STEM has yet to be adequately studied, and the integration of artistic disciplines is limited. Humanist STEM combines the STEM studies in terms of culture, human relationships, level of well-being, and values. This study investigates whether incorporating humanities in an electronic chemistry lecture affects student communication between course themes and interdisciplinary viewpoints. Students were explicitly asked to link STEM subjects between the scientific and the non-scientific, between the scientific and the physical reality from a broader scientific view. This study was conducted with 85 first-year student-teacher candidates studying at the Faculty of Education, Department of Mathematics and Science Education of a Western Black Sea region university in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the study, homework was designed to make evaluations throughout the course. In addition, cross-sectional study analysis was used in the study. A 5-point Likert-type scale was used. All data were analyzed with StatDisk 13 using the required 2 (chi-square) tests. In the data obtained from the research, most students agree that education creates a strong relationship and understanding between science and other undergraduate courses and STEM fields, humanities, and the environment in which they live. This has been observed in traditional (practical) and interdisciplinary (post-implementation) approaches. The findings from this study contribute to the idea of positively altering interdisciplinary perspectives as part of an introductory chemistry course. Today, it is seen that multidisciplinary science is widespread in the fields, and our academic courses need to be shaped according to the specific discipline approaches desired.

A Review on Global Cooperation Network in the Interdisciplinary Research of Geochemistry Combined with Artificial Intelligence

With the rapid development of modern geochemical analysis techniques, massive volumes of data are being generated from various sources and forms, and geochemical data acquisition and analysis have become important tools for studying geochemical processes and environmental changes. However, geochemical data have high-dimensional, nonlinear characteristics, and traditional geochemical data analysis methods have struggled to meet the demands of modern science. Nowadays, the development of big data and artificial intelligence technologies has provided new ideas and methods for geochemical data analysis. However, geochemical research involves numerous fields such as petrology, ore deposit, mineralogy, and others, each with its specific research methods and objectives, making it difficult to strike a balance between depth and breadth of investigation. Additionally, due to limitations in data sources and collection methods, existing studies often focus on a specific discipline or issue, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the bigger picture and foresight for the future. To assist geochemists in identifying research hotspots in the field and exploring solutions to the aforementioned issues, this article comprehensively reviews related studies in recent years, elaborates on the necessity and challenges of combining geochemistry and artificial intelligence, and analyzes the characteristics and research hotspots of the global collaboration network in this field. The study reveals that the investigation into artificial intelligence techniques to address geochemical issues is progressing swiftly. Joint research papers serve as the primary means of contact within a worldwide collaborative network. The primary areas of focus in the ongoing research on the integration of geochemistry and artificial intelligence include methodologies for analyzing geochemical data, environmental modifications, and mineral prospectivity mapping. Geochemical data analysis is currently a significant focus of research, encompassing a range of methods including machine learning and deep learning. Predicting mineral resources for deep space, deep Earth, and deep sea is also a pressing topic in contemporary research. This paper explores the factors driving research interest and future trends, identifies current research challenges, and considers opportunities for future research.

Decolonising economics and politics curricula in UK universities

ABSTRACT This article explores initiatives to decolonise the curriculum via two specific disciplines, namely Economics and Politics, both of which have tended to marginalise the study of race, empire, and colonialism and whose canonical thinkers are overwhelming white. By providing the first comparative analysis of decolonising initiatives in these disciplines, this article: investigates the extent to which Economics and Politics curricula in UK universities have been ‘decolonised’; explores the factors which affect support for or resistance to decolonisation; and analyses the extent to which these factors share common roots in both disciplines. Our comparative method allows us to shed light on drivers of resistance that affect all disciplines alike and those that are rooted within specific disciplines. Using an audit of UK undergraduate courses and a survey of academics, we show that neither Politics nor Economics can plausibly claim to have made much progress in decolonising curricula. However, more progress has been made in Politics, and Politics staff are more informed about and less hostile to decolonising initiatives than Economics staff. We locate one of the reasons for this difference in the epistemological and ideological idiosyncrasies of the dominant neoclassical paradigm in Economics. We therefore argue that initiatives to decolonise the curriculum must take into account potential discipline-specific obstacles.

Environmental Engineering and Management for Interdisciplinary Research-based Solutions and Education for Sustainable Transformations

Environmental sustainability is the foundation for maintaining global systems and supporting economic development within society. However, issues such as the climate crisis, overexploitation of natural resources, biodiversity loss, and significant alterations in ecosystems, complicate our ability to thrive in an ever-changing environment. These issues have far-reaching implications, from personal well-being to the vulnerability of entire populations to food and water scarcity, energy challenges, hazardous substances, and social inequalities. These challenges transcend the boundaries of specific scientific disciplines.

Global Climate Change and Response: Analysis from Sociological Perspectives

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of the contemporary world. From the beginning, natural sciences within the specific discipline have dominated climate change research and have been successful in identifying the relationship between human action and environmental change but are unable to see the relationship within society that builds environmentally damaging social structure. Sociologists have made important contributions in identifying the effects of social structure on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Sociology provides a wealth of resources including different concepts and theories that take into account the influence of social norms, values, cultural beliefs, power, social inequalities, vulnerabilities, and global systems in causing climate change. This paper is based on the review of different articles, book chapters and research reports related to climate change and examine the causes, impacts and response measures from sociological perspectives and insights. The study showed that the individual’s consumption behaviour that drives GHG emissions is constrained by the contexts of the society and the working of the global system. The impacts of climate change are varied among social groups and societies so need to take account the underlying causes of social inequalities, vulnerabilities and climate injustice at both national and global levels. The paper concludes that without understanding the complex interaction between individuals and the socio-cultural, economic and political context of the society we cannot deal with the current challenges of climate change.

Electronic Table of Contents Service: Still “Forwarding” 11 Years Later

An electronic table of contents (eToC) program was implemented by a medical librarian more than 11 years ago at a pediatric hospital (now a clinical and academic health system) with the goal of saving healthcare providers time and assisting them in staying current on the literature in their specific disciplines and/or general medicine. The eToC program still remains a highly popular service with more than 180 clinicians participating. This paper describes the implementation and maintenance of the program.

What Can Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences Give Each Other?

The article explores some possible ways of interaction between philosophy and the specific cognitive scientific disciplines: psychology, neurosciences, artificial intelligence, linguistics, and anthropology. The author draws on V.A. Lektorsky’s idea of the dialogue between philosophy and the cognitive sciences. Philosophy and the cognitive sciences engage in a productive dialogue in which their mutual enrichment, the strengthening or weakening of certain scientific or philosophical theories, and theoretical progress can occur. On the one hand, it is asserted that philosophy can have the greatest impact on the development of the cognitive sciences in the way of clarifying problems of the philosophy of science. These problems encompass the problem of the theoretical progress of cognitive studies, the problem of the nature of individual cognitivist theories (as well as the nature of groups of individual theories such as connectionism, predictive processing, etc.), the problem of the relationship of cognitive disciplines to each other, and more. In addition, philosophers can contribute to discussions concerning the foundations of the cognitive sciences and their key concepts of representation and computation. They can also play a significant role in assessing the ethical implications of the emergence of new cognitive technologies and neurotechnologies. On the other hand, the specific cognitive disciplines can provide new insights into traditional philosophical issues, like the problem of consciousness and the brain, the problem of free will, and enrich the philosophy of science with novel empirical data.

Longitudinal Analysis of Stakeholder Attitudes Toward External Review of Sport Management Master’s Degree Programs

The trio of assessment, accreditation, and accountability is at the forefront of higher education today. National organizations serving specific disciplines often establish curricular elements, review degree programs, and provide external accountability of program quality. Sport management has had two external review options in its history, yet few studies have addressed stakeholder attitudes toward these options. Using longitudinal data, this study explored attitudes and familiarity of external review and the impact that formalized accreditation has had on sport management master’s programs. Reasons for seeking or refraining from external review remained consistent, as did familiarity with external-review standards. Results suggested a general satisfaction with the evolution from the Sport Management Program Review Council to the Commission on Sport Management Accreditation (COSMA).

DEVELOPMENT OF LEADERSHIP QUALITIES OF STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions of the psychological and pedagogical activities of university employees in developing the leadership qualities of students. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were solved in the work: identifying the degree of expression of students' leadership qualities; determination of directions for the development of leadership qualities of students by means of psychological and pedagogical practice. The study showed that the leadership qualities of students are mostly at the average level and need to be developed. As possible directions for solving the problem of developing students' leadership qualities, it is proposed to introduce special disciplines into the educational process, use technologies and methods for organizing educational activities aimed at enhancing students' leadership potential.