Specific Design Cases Research Articles

IYDSE: Ameliorated Young’s double-slit experiment optimizer for applied mechanics and engineering

The Young’s Double-Slit Experiment (YDSE) optimizer is a newly developed swarm intelligence algorithm inspired by Young’s double-slit experiment that reveals the wave nature of light. Due to its simple structure and efficiency, the researchers employed the algorithm to address real-world optimization problems in multiple domains. However, in large-scale mechanical and engineering applications, it still needs to balance exploration and exploitation effectively and easily fall into local optimum. Therefore, in order to ameliorate these shortcomings, a multi-strategy improved YDSE optimizer named IYDSE is developed in this study. In IYDSE, introducing the Bernoulli map strategy ensures a higher quality initial population in the initialization, thus improving the convergence speed. Then, Levy flight is utilized as a local development engine to avoid local search stagnation of the optimal solution during optimization. In addition, mirror reflection learning is designed to enhance group diversity. Finally, the information entanglement strategy is introduced to enhance the information exchange between light and dark fringes, thus balancing the exploration-development capability. The superiority of the proposed IYDSE is comprehensively demonstrated by comparing it with state-of-the-art algorithms on the CEC2019 and CEC2020 test suites, respectively. Meanwhile, the practicability of IYDSE is also verified by solving five specific engineering design cases and 50 different types of engineering optimization suites. Finally, the IYDSE algorithm is applied to three truss topology optimization problems. The experimental results demonstrate the applicability and development potential of the proposed algorithm in practical engineering applications. Therefore, IYDSE is potentially an effective and competitive algorithm for solving applied mechanics and engineering.

Teaching Design and Practice of Curriculum Ideology and Politics of Traffic System Engineering Integrating Micro-course

In order to promote Curriculum Ideology and Politics construction solidly and continuously, this paper takes traffic system engineering course as example, explores the integration method of theprofessional knowledgeand ideological and political element and proposes the idea of Curriculum Ideology and Politics teaching design. As we know, traffic system engineering is a specialized core course, and the course content focuses on thinking methods. Many professional knowledge points are important and difficult. So Micro-course was recorded. Meanwhile, the characteristic of Micro-coursewas integrated in the Curriculum Ideology and Politics teaching design. And in the teaching design, the spirit of HIT, engineering ethics, and university history are the main ideological and political elements. Scientific and technological figures, the frontier of transportation science and technology and the major projects are carefully selected to tell the Chinese story and teachers should set good example to the student. According to the idea of overall teaching design, two specific design cases are provided in order to make readers understand the implementation process of Curriculum Ideology and Politics teaching design. All of this aim to achieve the teaching objectives of imparting knowledge, cultivating professional competence, and educating student. And it can provide new ideas for the curriculum ideology and politics construction of traffic system engineering course.

Effectiveness of different requirements checklists for novice designers

Working under constrained conditions can boost or kill creativity, depending on the nature of the constraints (organizational, personal or task-related). However, a design process without clearly identified constraints, which set the project objectives, could lead to inefficiencies and unfruitful iterations. Some of the most acknowledged procedures to support requirement definition are focused on the use of specific checklists. However, notwithstanding the importance of the task, little attention was dedicated to the verification of the effectiveness of these tools. In such a context, the paper presents an investigation aimed at assessing the performance of three checklists that exploit different strategies to elicit requirements. To that purpose, a sample of fifty engineering students was asked to use the checklists to define the requirements for a specific design case. The outcomes of the experiment were assessed according to well-acknowledged effectiveness metrics, i.e. quantity, operationality, validity, non-redundancy, and completeness. The result of the assessment highlights that checklists based on more general questions or abstract stimuli can better support novice designers in making explicit internally felt design constraints that can potentially lead to more innovative design.

Deep Neural Network Model-Assisted Reconstruction and Optimization of Chinese Characters in Product Packaging Graphic Patterns and Visual Styling Design

Chinese character fonts not only carry the long history of Chinese civilization, but also burst out modern design art elements with distinctive Chinese characteristics. This article first analyzes the origin and writing form of several ancient Chinese characters and draws out the influence of the historical evolution of ancient Chinese characters on Chinese culture. In the basic theoretical structure of font design, traditional art elements and modern font design are integrated, and specific design cases are analyzed. A Chinese character packaging quality detection method combining machine vision and a lightweight convolutional neural network is proposed. First, the method based on threshold segmentation and affine transformation in machine vision is used to perform threshold processing on the image to be tested, and the Chinese character region is tilted and cropped; then, the network structure of the classification algorithm is designed according to the requirements of image features and defect recognition. The field images are produced, a dataset of Chinese character packaging defects is established, and then the proposed Chinese character packaging defect recognition network is verified and deployed to test the accuracy and detection speed of the algorithm deployed on the Jetson Nano embedded platform. Combined with theoretical research and case analysis, the design of packaging design series is practiced with the idea of combining Chinese character art design and classical culture.

Advanced Methodologies on Design and Control for Linear Induction Machine and Drive Adopted to Urban Transportation

Urban transportation, e.g., linear metro, driven by linear induction machine (LIM) has been paid more attention by both academia and industry recently for its direct thrust drive, strong climbing ability, flexible line choice, smaller cross section area, lower noise, etc. However, this system is greatly different with traditional rotary induction machine (IM) due to its cut-open primary (end effect), normal force resulted from the asymmetric structure, eddy current in the secondary, and so on. There exists great difficulty for accurate modelling and advanced control strategies for LIM influenced by nonlinear circuit, partial magnetic saturation, internal and external disturbance, etc. This paper will introduce one new reasonable equivalent circuit for LIM performance analysis, as well as some specific design and control case studies. Afterwards, advanced control strategies, like efficiency optimization control (EOC), model predictive control (MPC), will be employed to further increase the LIM drive indexes, such as average thrust, efficiency, etc.

The Effect of Blade Angle Deviation on Mixed Inflow Turbine Performances

The choice of blades for mixed turbines is to achieve the required deflection with minimal losses. In addition, it is necessary that the blade functions without a detachment in a wide area outside the nominal operating point of the machine. In the blade profile study, it is required to satisfy the conditions relating to fluid mechanics and those relating to the possibility of realization of construction. The work carried out presents the effect of the blade deviation angle on the geometric blade shape and the performance of the mixed inflow turbine on keeping the same rotor casing in order to improve its performances. It was remarked that the efficiency is proportional to the deviation angle’s increase, but the rotor became heavy. It has been determined that the effect of the blade deviation angle on mixed inflow performances decreases dramatically starting from the angle −20° for a 100% of machine load. It was urged to avoid relying on angles greater than −20 as values for blade deviation angles. The study noted that the maximum obtained in the output work and power is related to the highest the efficiency for a specific optimum design case (−35° of deviation blade angle) due to the increase in the contact surface between the blade and the fluid, but the problem is that the rotor gets a little heavy (4.37% weight gain). Among recommendations, attention was given to the more significant absolute exit kinetic energies, for values of deviation blade angle between -10° and −20°, where an exhaust diffuser is recommended to use to recover a part of it into a greater expansion ratio. These simulation results were obtained using a CFD calculation code-named CFX.15. This code allowed for the resolution of the averaged dynamic equations governing the stationary, compressible, and viscous internal flow.

Study on the Quimby-tooth rotor profile for dry screw vacuum pumps

This paper summarizes three Quimby-tooth rotor profile (QRP) generation models for dry screw vacuum pumps. Seven typical profiles are generated and compared to reveal their differences in curve structure, meshing line, parameter design range, and geometrical characteristics. The analysis indicates that there still is insufficient design flexibility for the typical profiles in the application of conical rotors. Therefore, a novel rotor profile is further proposed, in this paper, by modifying an existing profile. The advantage of the novel profile is identified through a specific design case. Results show that the summarized profile generation models provide an effective means to generate typical profiles and create novel profiles. In comparison with traditional profiles, the proposed profile achieves a 2.8% reduction of the contact line length and a 1% boost of the internal compression degree for conical rotors. This paper presents effective references for profile design and optimization of dry screw vacuum pumps. Graphic Abstract [Formula: see text]

Design Approach for Lateral Capacity of Dowel-Type Steel Connections in Precast Reinforced Concrete Elements

In precast concrete buildings, connections play a key role. Among them and especially in industrial buildings, the ability to transfer a shear force from the beam to the column is often left to steel bars (often a single one) that act as dowels. Despite several research studies carried out in recent years, there is still a lack of agreement regarding the applicability of Eurocode 2 rules for fastening in concrete to such specific design case. More specifically, the role of the edge reinforcement and the effectiveness of multiple reinforcement layers in the proximity of the steel bar do not find a unique interpretation. The present paper aims to review existing design methods, both in codes and in literature, for such connections, aiming to propose a common interpretation of the load-transfer mechanism.

Interface Design Technology and Verification of Intelligent Manufacturing Oriented CNC System

Objective With the proposal of German Industry 4.0, intelligent manufacturing has become the main direction of manufacturing technology development. In recent years, CNC technology industry for intelligent manufacturing has developed rapidly in China, and it has been widely used in various fields of manufacturing industry. Among them, the design of man-machine interface for system appearance is closely related to the operation mechanism of internal functions with high specialization and complexity, which has attracted more and more attention from the industry and designers. Therefore, the design method and key points of the human-machine interface of NC system will be discussed for intelligent manufacturing, and the technical verification will be made. Method The interface design requirements of intelligent manufacturing oriented CNC system were systematically analyzed, and the corresponding design techniques and key points were given. The specific design scheme and verification of Huazhong 9 interface design of Huazhong CNC were discussed based on a specific design case. Conclusion It is hoped that the design of man-machine interaction interface of intelligent manufacturing CNC system can be optimized and improved, and that a little contribution can be made to the CNC technology industry in China.

A probabilistic design method to achieve targeted levels of reliability for seismically isolated structures

Previous studies conclude that additional capacities of isolation system are needed beyond minimum demand required in minimum design loads for buildings and other structures (ASCE 7) to achieve the targeted level of reliability for seismically isolated structures. To implement this concept for practical design, a probabilistic design method with minor computational cost is proposed to obtain the isolation system capacities based on the targeted failure fragility. As an essential statistical parameter for determining the fragility curve shape, total system uncertainty value ( βTOT) is needed. Among different sources of βTOT, the record to record uncertainty ( βRTR) contributes most to the isolator deformation demand and is challenging to obtain for a specific design case. A simplified procedure with minor computational cost has been proposed for estimating βRTR when failure is governed by the isolators. Main assumptions and simplifications in the proposed design method have been investigated and justified. Finally, a step-by-step procedure for implementing the proposed probabilistic design method has been introduced. A design example was given, and the three-dimensional incremental dynamic analysis was performed to validate the design method.

Progress and recent trends in generative design

Due to recent developments in the field of additive manufacturing enormous advantages have become in product design and manufacturing process. Before the appearance of additive manufacturing, developing very complex or light weight structures was difficult to manufacture. The development of artificial intelligent technology helps to develop new collaborative tools and algorithms. Generative design approach is one of them. The outcome model from a generative design study is not depending only from designer/engineer experience or his knowledge. Designers can react with sophisticated algorithms through CAD programs to specify the shape and the topology of the model. A significant tool on a generative design system is topology optimization which is able to generate different solutions. The changes in design process are significant. A rough conceptual design (sketch) or a 3d model is first prepared. Then, boundary conditions, safety factor, manufacturing limitations and materials properties are defined. The generative design system generates potential solutions. It’s up to the designer to find the design that best fits to his need. In this paper the review covers the limitations of current systems through the study of specific design cases using commercial generative design systems.

Study on Comprehensive Evaluation on Green-targetedEnergy-saving Renovation Design for Existing Buildings

The renovation for existing buildings will be a trend for architectural transformation in the future. The selection of architectural design plan is a vital step for determining the effect of energy-saving renovation. Based on the analysis of renovation evaluation system for existing industrial buildings and the energy-saving renovation target for existing buildings, this paper sets up the evaluation criteria and factors and determines weight by adopting AHP to produce a quantified evaluation model, as well as makes a practical verification for a specific renovation design case.

Ethical Framework for Designing Autonomous Intelligent Systems

To gain the potential benefit of autonomous intelligent systems, their design and development need to be aligned with fundamental values and ethical principles. We need new design approaches, methodologies and processes to deploy ethical thought and action in the contexts of autonomous intelligent systems. To open this discussion, this article presents a review of ethical principles in the context of artificial intelligence design, and introduces an ethical framework for designing autonomous intelligent systems. The framework is based on an iterative, multidisciplinary perspective yet a systematic discussion during an Autonomous Intelligent Systems (AIS) design process, and on relevant ethical principles for the concept design of autonomous systems. We propose using scenarios as a tool to capture the essential user’s or stakeholder’s specific qualitative information, which is needed for a systematic analysis of ethical issues in the specific design case.

Turbomachinery selection: Generating the selection charts and extending their use beyond the conventional for cryogenic plants

Non-dimensional analysis of turbomachinery reviewed and presented in a nutshell. Momentum equation of the inward flow radial (IFR) turbine is used to correlate efficiency of the turbine with the parameters, specific speed (ns) and specific diameter (ds). The design points satisfying the momentum and energy equations simultaneously for the specific but common design case of cu/u = 1, are extracted from the Balje charts. It is shown that for such a case ds and the isentropic efficiency can directly be correlated with specific speed nsfor constrained optimization studies of the cryogenic cycles. An attempt has been made to extend the use of the concept of ns -ds charts for selection and design of the cryogenic process cycles where the design demands maximum possible plant efficiency plant compactness and impurity management. As an elucidation of the concept, optimization and performance maps of a two stage reverse Brayton cycle based refrigerator are generated and presented.

Design and Analysis of Project-driven Flipping Classroom Teaching Cases

"Web Design and Production" is a strong practical computer science foundation course. The concept, ideas and techniques of web front-end development have an important impact on the follow-up courses. The paper compares and analyzes the reform in current teaching methods of the course, and proposes a project-driven flipping classroom teaching method, which rationally decomposes and reorganizes the curriculum knowledge system, and divides the curriculum content into several modules. Meanwhile, each module is driven by a project, mixing problem-based teaching methods, task-driven methods and flipping classroom teaching methods. The paper clarifies pre-class, in-class, and after-school tasks. Knowing the project tasks before class, understanding the knowledge and skills needed for the design project, using the micro-curriculum resources to learn and practice knowledge autonomously; detecting the learning effect of knowledge in the class, solving the problems in the self-learning, and apply the learned knowledge to the actual project development by the way of group collaboration in order to promote internalization and application of knowledge, when encountering new problems, teachers not only explain new knowledge to help students continue to implement the project, but also promptly recorded the completion of the project of the group collaboration; After class, teachers summarize questions, build a knowledge system, and guide students to complete extended design of project. In this way, students' practical application ability, project development ability, self-learning ability and creative ability can be improved. This article also provides specific instructional design cases based on the "Web Page Layout and Beautification" module and provides specific teaching design cases.

A Unique and Rational Applications Methodology for Fiber Composite Laminates

An applications methodology is synthesized from the research-based development of failure theory for orthotropic fiber composite laminates. In effect, this work continues and completes the work of Christensen (2017, “Lamination Theory for the Strength of Fiber Composite Materials,” ASME J. Appl. Mech., 84(7), p. 071007). This failure theory applies for the condition of fiber-dominated behavior, appropriate to carbon fiber—polymeric matrix composites and such similar systems. A lamination theory for stiffness and a separate lamination theory for strength are the outcomes derived here. Final forms are given for 0, 90, ± 45 type orthotropic laminates, with the four lamina orientation volume fractions to be specified in any particular application of interest. Many examples are given of using the new methodology in specific design cases.

Briefing: Introduction of French asphalts into UK airfield design

French asphalt mixtures have been shown to provide viable alternatives to conventional UK airfield materials. This paper introduces an analytical design methodology for using French asphalt materials and quantifies the thickness benefits compared with conventional materials for new and rehabilitated airfield flexible pavements. The use of a stress-absorbing membrane interlayer (Sami) to mitigate the risk of reflective cracking in composite pavements is also considered. An assessment of materials presents similarities in performance properties between UK and French asphalt surfacing, resulting in the recommendation for using bétons bitumineux pour chaussées aéronautiques (BBA) as a direct replacement for Marshall asphalt surfacing. A direct replacement of UK materials with the same thickness of BBA/grave bitume (GB3) asphalt surface and base is proposed, whereas a thickness reduction of 20% is recommended through use of enrobé à module elévé (EME2) base material. Overlay thicknesses are proposed for reduction using either EME2 material or a Sami, dependent on specific design cases. Material equivalency factors have been proposed for inclusion of French asphalts in UK pavement design.

How Fitness Trackers Facilitate Health Behavior Change

Fitness trackers have broadened the healthcare ecosystem and made self-tracking everyday physical activities possible. Features like heart rate monitoring can help detect health ailments, yet there is little evidence that suggests tracking health indicators and physical activities leads to long-term health behavior change. This proceeding analyzes areas of Human Factors that could be used to increase long-term user engagement. Feedback, information display, and specific design principles and case studies are discussed.

Abstraction versus Case Based: A Comparative Study of Two Approaches to Support Parametric Design

We describe an experimental study testing the reuse of design knowledge as a method to support learning and use of parametric design in architecture. The use of parametric design systems and programming environments offer architects new opportunities, providing a powerful means to create geometries and allowing dynamic design exploration, but it can also impose substantial challenges. The proposition tested in this study is that the reuse of design knowledge can improve architects' ability to use parametric modelling, and reduce the barriers to using programming in a design context. The paper explores and compares two approaches as a means of accessing and reusing existing design solutions: the reuse of abstract parametric ‘Design Patterns' [1]; and secondly the reuse of parametric solutions from specific design cases (Case-Based Design). This paper outlines the principles and methods of ‘abstract' versus ‘case-based’ approaches to reuse parametric solutions; and focuses on the results of their practical implementation through the statistical analysis of a comparative study involving 126 designers. In conclusion, it is proposed the outcomes from this study can be applied to inform the methodology for introducing parametric design in architecture and design disciplines.

Instruction in Divergent Thinking for Conceptual Design: A Case Study Based on a Corkscrew

ion is a powerful tool for designers in the conceptual design stage. Such abstractions take various forms, and little is known as to how a particular method of abstraction would support designers in specific design cases. A method is proposed which includes a deliberate step for divergent thinking. The method presents learners with an abstract representation of an existing artifact, and encourages them to explore potential concepts that are different in style but are based on the same or similar abstraction as that given in the representation. To evaluate how the method would help novice designers, a summer workshop activity of designing stylish corkscrews was conducted with twelve recent graduates from industrial design graduate programs. The students come from a variety of academic backgrounds. The processes for concept generation, making a prototype and a summarized statement are the main inputs used for activity assessment. Students proposed a total of 56 design concepts, with an average of 4.7 concepts per student. Design-related students (six participants) generated between 3 and 12 concepts, while students without a design background generated between 1 to 6 concepts. The concepts were divided into five classes based on appearance: human-like, animal-like, artificial product-like, plant-like, and phenomena-like. Of the 12 students, three produced mechanically functional prototypes. Based on student feedback, the pros of the instructional approach included support for the linking of concepts, encouraged learner engagement, and promoted specific thinking processes. Results suggested this method has potential for supporting positive learning outcomes, particularly in generating a range of stylish concepts based on an existing artifact within a limited time frame. However, prototype development would require additional support.