Specific Dermatoses Of Pregnancy Research Articles

"Red flags" during pregnancy-skin symptoms and their causes during pregnancy

Pregnancy is aspecial state for the expectant mother. Not only is ahuman being growing, but the pregnant woman's body is also constantly changing during the 40-week pregnancy. One organ that is frequently affected by these changes is the skin. As diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy can present treating physicians with particular challenges, it is important to know the relevant pregnancy dermatoses, to recognize and diagnose them reliably, and to observe red flags in order to protect the pregnant women and the unborn child. In this article, the most important changes in the skin of pregnant patients are explained and potential warning signs are presented. In addition to aspects of altered pigmentation, the influence of pregnancy on pre-existing inflammatory dermatoses and their improvement or worsening is also described. The occurrence of so-called specific pregnancy dermatoses over the course of pregnancy is also explained. Finally, the extent to which autoimmune diseases of the mother can also affect the unborn child and to what extent skin changes in the newborn can indicate adisease of the mother are described. The respective "red flags" are presented as leading symptoms and their relevance is discussed.

Updates on the dermatopathology of pregnancy-associated skin conditions

Pathologists provide valuable input in the dermatological care of pregnant patients in various contexts. This article provides dermatopathology updates on cutaneous changes associated with pregnancy, organized based on the following classification system: physiological skin changes in pregnancy, specific dermatoses of pregnancy, dermatoses modified in pregnancy, and skin neoplasms in pregnancy. Awareness of the impact of pregnancy on the skin by pathologists is important, as this is an opportunity to contribute to diagnostic precision in this patient population.

A Clinical Study about the Frequency of Physiological Skin Changes Observed in Pregnant Females

Objective: To find out the frequency of physiological skin changes in pregnant females. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 100 pregnant females presenting in outpatient departments of dermatology & gynaecology, obstetrics at Akhtar Saeed Trust Hospital Lahore were enrolled over a period of 1year from June 2020 till June 2021. All consenting pregnant females were enrolled in this study and pregnant females with pre-existing skin diseases and having specific dermatosis of pregnancy were excluded from this study. Detailed history was taken & their complete physical & dermatological examination was carried out and the findings were noted down in pre-designed performa. Results: Physiological skin changes were observed in all the patients in our study. The agr range of patients in this study was 18-35 years, the mean age being 25.06 years. The most common cutaneous manifestation observed was hyperpigmentation out of which linea nigra was commonest finding present in 92% of patients, hyperpigmentation on various parts of body in 16 %, melasma in 12% of patients and 76% of patients showed vascular changes. Practical Implications: The rationale of this study is to assess the frequency of physiological changes occurring in pregnant females. So that they can be promptly and correctly diagnosed and thus reducing the emotional and financial stress on community. Conclusion: Pregnant females suffer from a variety of physiological skin changes. Awareness & recognition of these changes will help in timely diagnosis and treatment. Keywords: Pregnancy, skin physiological changes, hyperpigmentation, melasma, vascular changes

Pregnancy and cutaneous changes

Background: Pregnancy is associated with a number of changes in the skin. Some are directly related to pregnancy (dermatoses of pregnancy), some are modified by pregnancy, and yet others are referred to as physiological. We undertook a clinical study to determine the frequency and pattern of skin changes in pregnant females. Materials and Methods: A six-month, multi-centric, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 250 pregnant females participated in the study. Detailed history taking and complete dermatological examination were performed. Results were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Physiological skin changes were the most common finding, with pigmentary changes in 98% of the cases. Specific dermatoses of pregnancy were observed in 6.8% of the cases, with atopic eruption of pregnancy being the most common (4.8%). The prevalence of fungal infections was 9.6%. One case of psoriasis was exacerbated by pregnancy. Conclusion: Pregnant females are more likely to experience cutaneous manifestations. In order to establish the diagnosis, thorough history taking and knowledge of the clinical presentation are necessary. Key words: Pregnancy-specific dermatoses; Pregnancy; Physiological changes; Skin

Update on specific dermatoses of pregnancy.

Update on specific dermatoses of pregnancy.

Cutaneous Manifestations during Pregnancy

Pregnancy is a period characterized by complex and significant skin changes, which can have a major impact on a woman's life. The cutaneous manifestations associated with this period are usually divided into physiological changes related with pregnancy, pre-existing dermatoses modified by pregnancy, and pregnancy-specific dermatoses, with the latter being potentially associated with significant fetal morbidity. The diagnosis of dermatoses of pregnancy can be challenging due to the variability in its clinical presentation; therefore, a complete and detailed clinical history and a thorough physical examination are essential. Primary care clinicians should be able to recognize these entities and provide some therapeutic strategies, as well as to refer patients whenever there is a risk to the mother and/ or to the fetus. A multidisciplinary team is essential in the evaluation of the most complex entities, and should include dermatologists, pediatricians, obstetricians and family physicians, so that both the mother's symptomatic relief and the minimization of fetal risk can be achieved quick and concurrently.

A cross-sectional study of cutaneous changes during pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital in Northern India

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">Women undergo profound changes during pregnancy, making them susceptible to a number of dermatological manifestations. We aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of skin changes during pregnancy.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 400 pregnant women presenting to the Outpatient department of a Tertiary Care Centre in Northern India.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong><span lang="EN-US">A total of 400 pregnant mothers fulfilling inclusion criteria were included. The pigmentary changes were the most common physiological change seen in 90.8% (n=363) of pregnant women. The most common pigmentary change was secondary areola seen in 83% (n=332) women, followed by linea nigra seen in 37.5% (n=150) pregnant women. Vascular changes were seen in 13% (n=52), non- pitting pedal edema being the most common 10.25% (n=41). Connective tissue changes were seen in 62.25% (n=249) of pregnant women, striae gravidarum being the most common (n=242). The most common specific dermatoses of pregnancy was atopic eruption of pregnancy seen in 4.25% (n=17), followed by intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (n= 14). 3 cases (0.75%) of Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy were seen. 1 case of Pemphigoid gestationis was seen in the third trimester. Approximately 17% of pregnant women were positive for infections among which fungal infection was the most common infection affecting pregnant women, seen in 11.2% (n=45) participants. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> The dermatoses of pregnancy are common and have a range of dermatological manifestations apart from their specific pattern; in order to manage and treat them appropriately, proper attention needs to be given.</span></p>

A Study of Specific Dermatoses and Skin Disease Affected by Pregnancy

Background and Aim: Pregnancy associated skin diseases or changes can be physiological (hormonal), skin pre-existing disease, and development of dermatoses with new pregnancy. The specific skin dermatoses related to pregnancy involve eruption of pruritic skin in poorly defined heterogeneous group. The present study aimed to evaluate the specific dermatoses and skin disease affected by pregnancy. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 226 pregnant women in the Department of Dermatology and Obstetrics and Gynecology of Dow University Hospital, Karachi from June 2021 to November 2021. All the patients were investigated for pregnancy associated cutaneous changes. The presence of any concomitant dermatoses that developed during pregnancy was investigated. Detailed clinical examination was performed on pregnant women with specific dermatoses of pregnancy regarding pattern, distribution, and morphology of lesions. All the pregnant women undergone through routinely blood investigation. Results: Of the total 226 pregnant women, the incidence of specific dermatosis during pregnancy was 27 (11.95%). Prurigo of pregnancy (5.8%) was the prevalent specific dermatosis of pregnancy. The incidence of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPP), and pruritic folliculitis of pregnancy (PFP) was 0.41%, 3.9%, and 0.17% respectively. All these skin diseases were caused by pregnancy in 11.95% of females. Conclusion: The present study found that Prurigo of pregnancy was the prevalent dermatosis of pregnancy that occurred in the multigravida second trimester. The rare dermatosis with no primary lesion was intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. The course of pregnancy-associated disease changes, in turn, causes exacerbation like psoriasis, vitiligo, and dermatosis. Keywords: Specific Dermatoses, Skin disease, Pregnancy

A case of Pemphigoid gestationis- Successfully managed with good outcome

State of pregnancy can manifest with various physiological and pregnancy specific dermatoses. The physiological changes include pigmentary, vascular and connective tissue changes. The specific dermatoses includes Atopic Eruption of Pregnancy, Polymorphic eruption of Pregnancy, Pemphigoid Gestationis and Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy. Pemphigoid gestationis (PG) is a rare autoimmune bullous disease exclusively associated with pregnancy. It develops during the third trimester of pregnancy and is associated with maternal and foetal complications. Here, we report a case of PG which was successfully managed with systemic steroids with a favourable outcome.

The spectrum of mucocutaneous manifestation during pregnancy: An observational study of 170 pregnant women visiting a tertiary care hospital

Background: Pregnancy is characterized by myriad of temporary alteration in endocrine, metabolic, and immunological factors. These alterations result in multiple mucocutaneous manifestations. The various skin changes may be either physiological or changes in preexisting skin diseases, or development of new pregnancy-specific dermatoses. Pregnancy-specific skin dermatoses include atopic eruption of pregnancy (AEP), polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationalis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. Aims: The aim of the study was to study the frequency and pattern of mucocutaneous manifestations in pregnant women attending the tertiary care hospital. Settings and Design: A descriptive observational study. Subjects and Methods: A total number of 170 pregnant women attending antenatal outpatient department from October 2017 to March 2019 were included in the study. Detailed history, clinical examination, and relevant investigations were done. Patients not willing to give informed consent were only excluded from the study. Results: In this study, 58.23% (99) were primigravida and 41.77% (71) were multigravida. Most of the cases presented during third trimester (73%). In this study among the 170 pregnant women, the incidence of skin changes observed was 790 physiological entities, nonspecific dermatoses of pregnancy were 95, and 42 cases of specific dermatoses of pregnancy. The most common physiological changes noted were pigmentary changes 46.96% out of all physiological changes. All pregnant women showed pigmentary changes. Most common pigmentary change was linea nigra and melasma. Other changes were striae distensae 14.55%, vascular changes 10.37%, mucous membrane changes 5.19%, pruritus 17%, hair changes 1.51%, and nail changes 1.13%. Tinea corporis was most common infection 48.6% out of all infections, followed by candidal vaginitis 10.8%. Acne vulgaris was most common inflammatory disorder seen in 12.35%, followed by urticaria and psoriasis, seen in 7.05% and 1.76%, respectively. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy and AEP was seen in 14.70% and 10%, respectively. No cases of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and pemphigoid gestationalis were noted. Conclusions: This study brings into focus prevalence of various mucocutaneous changes during pregnancy. Thorough knowledge about pregnancy dermatoses is essential to arrive at a specific diagnosis which is a mandate for counseling and management.

Peau et grossesse

Pregnancy has a substantial impact on the hormonal status of the organism, consequently influencing the physiology of the skin. This results in dermatoses that only occur during pregnancy, which can also improve or exacerbate pre-existing dermatoses. In this article, we explain the management of pregnancy-specific dermatoses : atopic eruption of pregnancy, polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis, and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy. It is essential to clearly distinguish these different dermatoses as some of them, such as pemphigoid gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, can have fetal consequences and as result, need to be closely monitored by the obstetricians.

Assessment and management of itchy skin in pregnancy.

Women with rashes or itchy skin during pregnancy will often present initially to the general practitioner. Knowledge of thespecific dermatoses of pregnancy willassist in diagnosis, management and,importantly, facilitation of timely escalation of care of conditions that canpotentially affect the fetus. The aim of this article is to provide a diagnostic framework for approaching apruritic rash during pregnancy as well asa helpful summary of management ofpregnancy-specific dermatoses. It will assist clinicians in the identification of specific dermatoses that pose fetal risks. In addition to considering non-pregnancy specific conditions when approaching pruritus or a pruritic rash in pregnancy, it is important that clinicians also consider pregnancy-specific dermatoses, which have been reclassified into four categories: polymorphic eruption of pregnancy, pemphigoid gestationis, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and atopic eruption of pregnancy. Unlike the other dermatoses, ICP begins with pruritus, and skin changes are secondary. ICP and pemphigoid gestationis are associated with fetal riskssuch as prematurity and stillbirth.

Bullous pemphigoid of pregnancy: clinical picture, diagnostics, treatment

Pregnancy is a particular period in womans life. It accompanies with plenty of adaptation changes include many on skin. Pathological morphofunctional changes form a group of pregnancy-specific dermatoses.
 The clinical case of bullous pemphigoid of pregnancy is presented in the article. The disease occurs during pregnancy or postpartum period. The incidence is estimated to be approximately 1 in 60,000 pregnancies. Clinically, PG is characterized by intense pruritus and polymorphic skin eruptions. Skin lesions develop including erythematous patches and plaques, followed by urticarial rash and blisters. Diagnosis of the disease is based on the features of the clinical picture, complex data of pathomorphological and immunological research methods, including direct or indirect immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemical determination of a fragment of the complement component C4d and determination of serum antibodies to BP180.
 The most effective treatment is systemic glucocorticosteroids in combination with topical steroids and/or antihistamines. Timely diagnosing and prescribing appropriate medication are highly important in preventing intrauterine fetal suffering.

English

BACKGROUND The present study was conducted to evaluate the incidence, clinical presentation, course and prognosis of physiological changes of pregnancy i.e. to study the incidence of different dermatoses during pregnancy, cutaneous manifestations associated with pregnancy according to trimester and parity of pregnancy, specific dermatoses of pregnancy, the presence of same or other diseases in the past pregnancy, and observe the relative effect of pregnancy on already existing dermatoses or which are basically not related to pregnancy. METHODS A random hospital based descriptive study of 80 patients with pregnancy, who attended skin outpatient department (OPD) in GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar, Gujarat, India, was done. Detailed history was taken, and each patient was examined thoroughly. General- and systemic-examination were done and whenever necessary, relevant investigations were done. RESULTS A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Of them 39 (48.7 %) were primipara and 41 (51.3 %) were multipara. Skin changes were grouped into physiological changes (all cases), specific dermatoses (17 cases) and other dermatoses (52 cases). Most common physiological changes were related to pigmentation followed by striae gravidarum. Physiological changes were observed in almost all the patients. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant women are prone to suffer from a wide range of dermatological problems apart from the specific dermatoses of pregnancy. Detailed history and awareness of clinical presentation facilitates the confirmation of diagnosis and will direct the most appropriate laboratory evaluation in an effort to minimize maternal and foetal morbidity. KEYWORDS Pregnancy Dermatoses, Specific Dermatoses, Physiological Changes

A review of literature of polymorphic eruption of pregnancy

<p class="abstract">Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (PEP), also known as pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy [PUPPP] is the most common of all the specific dermatoses of pregnancy. It is a benign, self-resolving, pruritic disorder of pregnancy, usually affecting primigravida during the last trimester of pregnancy or immediately postpartum. Its exact pathogenesis is still unknown, and its clinical presentations are variable. It may mimic many common dermatoses. In PEP, the histological findings are non-contributory and the laboratory results, including direct and indirect immunofluorescence are negative. Diagnosis mainly depends on clinical findings. Significant diagnostic confusion may occur with early lesions of pemphigoid gestationis, which needs to be differentiated from PEP as the former may have a bad fetal outcome. PEP is not associated with any fetal or maternal risk, and symptomatic treatment is all that is usually required. The awareness of this condition helps the physician recognize this entity, reassure the patient, and avoid unnecessary investigations. This review focuses on etiology, various clinical presentations, differential diagnosis, and management of PEP.</p>

Cutaneous changes in pregnancy: A comprehensive study of 700 cases at a tertiary care centre from South India

Introduction: Pregnancy is associated with many skin changes, due to profound immunologic, metabolic, endocrine and vascular changes occur during pregnancy. Though most of which are physiological in nature, there can be changes in pre-existing skin diseases or develop new pregnancy specific dermatoses which can cause distress to pregnant female and may influence the fetal outcome as well. Aims: To study the frequency and pattern of skin changes in pregnant women. Study Design: Prospective cross sectional study in a tertiary care centre Materials and Methods: After obtaining institutional ethical committee approval, a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the outpatient department of obstetrics and gynaecology and Skin, Cheluvamba and KR Hospital, Mysuru. A total of 700 pregnant females were screened for physiological skin changes, associated dermatological diseases and specific dermatoses of pregnancy. Statistical analysis used: M S word Results: A total of 700 pregnant women were included in the study, of which 309(44.1%) were primigravida and 391(55.9%) were multigravida. Physiological skin changes were seen in all cases, out of which Linea nigra was the most common change seen in 610(87.14%) cases, specific dermatoses of pregnancy (PSD) were seen in 58(8.28%) cases, out of which Atopic eczema of pregnancy (AEP) was the most common, seen in 36(62.06%) cases followed by pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy (PUPPP), observed in 18(31.03%)cases and Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) was seen in 4(6.89%) cases and among other concomitant dermatological disorders fungal infection was the most common seen in 72 cases (10.28%). Conclusions: Many skin changes occur during pregnancy are physiological require no treatment. Pregnancy specific dermatoses are not very rare, few PSDs have impact on pregnancy and fetal outcome, likely to recur in subsequent pregnancy, require thorough examination and specific diagnosis to counsel and manage ac

A study of dermatoses in antenatal patients attending tertiary care centre

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy produces many cutaneous changes which can be either physiological, alteration in pre-existing skin diseases or development of dermatoses which are specific to pregnancy which occur due to the production of a number of proteins and steroid hormones by the fetoplacental unit and maternal pituitary, thyroid and adrenals. Patient’s concern may range from cosmetic appearance to potential effects on mother and fetus. Aims and objectives: Study was undertaken to observe physiological and pathological skin changes in different gravidae and trimesters of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study performed after institutional ethics committee clearance. Total 205 pregnant females were enrolled in study by simple random sampling. Complete history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Patients were treated accordingly. Data was analysed by application of descriptive analysis, Mean and SD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In physiological changes, linea nigra was the most common, followed by striae distensae. Pigmentary changes were found more commonly in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester while vascular and structural changes were commoner in 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester. In dermatoses affected by pregnancy, fungal infection was most common followed by viral infections and acne which were most commonly seen in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy was most common among pregnancy specific dermatoses followed by pruritus gravidarum which were more commonly noted in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester. Atopic eruption of pregnancy was common in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester. As study was cross sectional, disease progression and treatment outcome could not be observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cutaneous lesions<strong> </strong>may range from common, benign changes termed physiological or more severe, posing significant risk to mother and child. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential for improving maternal and fetal well-being and prognosis and to minimize their morbidity.<strong></strong></p>

Skin during pregnancy

During pregnancy, many systemic changes may occur, them being haematological, car-diac, renal, respiratory, gastro-intestinal, endocrine or metabolic. Some other modifica-tions may target the cutaneous layers. It seems logical that during pregnancy, hormonal or other less well-explained pathways may influence one or more of the skin cell types. Pigmentary changes, such as melasma, but also vascular or structural modifications may affect the skin of pregnant women. Among the latter, striae distensae are probably the most common. Hair disorders featuring hair loss are frequently of concern during this pe-riod. Endocrine changes will often affect the skin glands, especially sebaceous ones, provoking acne. By contrast, some specific diseases originating in the skin may also oc-cur during the course of the gestation. Most of them present pruritic symptoms and for this reason affect the quality of life of pregnant women. Cutaneous infections such are vari-cella zoster virus, genital warts, infestation by Candida, Lyme disease or scabies may be observed during the period of gestation. Skin is modified during pregnancy and/or postpartum. These changes are usually only physiologi-cal, expressing changes in hormones or other factors secreted though the placenta, ovaries or en-larged pituitary gland. However, various dermatoses may specifically develop during this period and may influence the foetal outcome or, more rarely, the mother’s health. Therefore, being able to di-agnose and manage them is of high importance. Further, the increasing demand about cosmetic procedures, even during pregnancy, makes necessary to adapt our knowledge about their safety during this period.In this review, cutaneous modifications will be classified as physiological changes, spe-cific dermatoses of pregnancy, cutaneous infections that may modify the prognosis of pregnancy, miscellaneous skin diseases that may be affected by pregnancy and finally the safety of cosmetic dermatologic procedures during pregnancy will be overviewed, in order to offer to the dermatologists updated information permitting them to bring accurate assistance to their pregnant patien

Assessment of prurigo of pregnancy in patients without atopic background

Prurigo of pregnancy (PP), a specific pregnancy dermatosis, has been associated with atopic background in the patient and/or the patient's family. However, this association was not validated in some studies, and cases without atopic background have been reported. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical features of PP not related to atopic background and search for comorbid conditions in medical and obstetric records. In this case series, patients with typical PP presentation (i.e., pruritic, discrete papulonodules on the extensor surfaces of the extremities) diagnosed at the dermatology clinics of tertiary referral hospitals were evaluated. The exclusion criteria included missing historical data, inadequate follow-up, laboratory test results suggestive of other pruritic conditions, history of atopic disease, and family history of atopy. Clinical and laboratory data including course, response to treatment, serum total immunoglobulin E level, and comorbidities in the medical and obstetric history were collected. Twenty patients developed PP predominantly during the late second or early third trimester. Nine patients reported that itching developed first, versus 10 patients who reported that lesions started first (one patient was uncertain about onset). There was no recurrence postpartum (mean postpartum follow-up, 17 months). Serum total immunoglobulin E level was elevated in 3 of 14 patients tested (21.4%). Obstetric history (n = 12) included polymorphic eruption of pregnancy (16.6%), PP (16.6%), and gestational pruritus (8.3%). Two of 20 patients (10%) had a history of pruritic skin condition (prurigo nodularis and pruritus of unclear etiology) while not pregnant. Medical history (n = 20) included psychiatric disease (20%) (obsessive compulsive disorder and anxiety), hypothyroidism (10%), and obesity (10%). PP can develop in patients without an atopic background. This finding should be considered when classifying specific pregnancy dermatoses. A thorough medical and family history with a focus on atopy should be obtained from every patient with a gestational eruption, and patients should be counseled accordingly.

Clinical evaluation of pathological dermatoses induced in pregnancy

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Pregnancy can present with various dermatoses which is divided into physiological and pathological dermatoses. These dermatoses have various effects on pregnancy and patient’s life. The objective was to study the various pathological dermatoses.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of 1425 pregnant females attending dermatology, obstetrics and gynaecology Out Patient Department of Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital were included, out of this 275 presented with pathological dermatoses. Detailed history, examination and investigations were done. Data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21.0 (test).<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Pathological dermatoses was seen in 275 pregnant females ranged between 18 to 45 years. Infections or infestations and STDs (53.5%) were the most common dermatological conditions followed by pregnancy specific dermatoses (24.7%), acne and folliculitis (7.6%), non-specific itching (5.8%) and other conditions (10.9%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Pregnant females suffer from number of pregnancy dermatoses. A knowledge of the profile of dermatoses during pregnancy is essential to plan preventive measures, care of the mother and the child.</p>