A study of dermatoses in antenatal patients attending tertiary care centre

Abstract

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnancy produces many cutaneous changes which can be either physiological, alteration in pre-existing skin diseases or development of dermatoses which are specific to pregnancy which occur due to the production of a number of proteins and steroid hormones by the fetoplacental unit and maternal pituitary, thyroid and adrenals. Patient’s concern may range from cosmetic appearance to potential effects on mother and fetus. Aims and objectives: Study was undertaken to observe physiological and pathological skin changes in different gravidae and trimesters of pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross sectional study performed after institutional ethics committee clearance. Total 205 pregnant females were enrolled in study by simple random sampling. Complete history, clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Patients were treated accordingly. Data was analysed by application of descriptive analysis, Mean and SD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In physiological changes, linea nigra was the most common, followed by striae distensae. Pigmentary changes were found more commonly in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester while vascular and structural changes were commoner in 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester. In dermatoses affected by pregnancy, fungal infection was most common followed by viral infections and acne which were most commonly seen in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester. Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy was most common among pregnancy specific dermatoses followed by pruritus gravidarum which were more commonly noted in the 3<sup>rd</sup> trimester. Atopic eruption of pregnancy was common in 2<sup>nd</sup> trimester. As study was cross sectional, disease progression and treatment outcome could not be observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cutaneous lesions<strong> </strong>may range from common, benign changes termed physiological or more severe, posing significant risk to mother and child. Timely diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential for improving maternal and fetal well-being and prognosis and to minimize their morbidity.<strong></strong></p>