Specific Angle Research Articles

Dual-Phase Singularity at a Single Incident Angle with Spectral Tunability in Tamm Cavities.

The phase singularity, a sudden phase change occurring at the reflection zero is widely explored using various nanophotonic systems such as metamaterials and thin film cavities. Typically, these systems exhibit a single reflection zero with a phase singularity at a specific incident angle, particularly at larger angles of incidence (>50 degrees). However, achieving multiple phase singularities at a single incident angle remains a formidable challenge. Here, the existence of a dual-phase singularity is experimentally demonstrated at a lower incident angle using a tunable Tamm plasmon polariton (TPP) cavity that consists of gold-coated ultralow-loss phase change material Sb2S3-based distributed Bragg reflector. It can excite narrowband TPP resonances from normal incidence to a wide angle of incidence for both s- and p-polarizations of light. Notably, this TPP cavity shows dual-phase singularity at lower angles of incidence since the excited TPP for s- and p-polarizations exhibits zero reflection at slightly different wavelengths for the same incident angle. A TPP cavity-based scalable hydrogen sensor is proposed and shows that the dual-phase singularity can further improve the sensitivity of singular phase-based sensing approaches. Moreover, spectrally tunable dual-phase singularity is experimentally demonstrated at a lower incident angle using a metal-free Tamm cavity.

Optimal angles for independent femoral tunnel drillings to prevent damage to anatomic structures in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

To determine the optimal angles for independent femoral tunnel drillings in single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) in different races and genders with the aim of preventing damage to lateral femoral anatomic structures (LFAS), posterior cortex and medial femoral condyle. This study included 180 volunteers, including 90 Caucasian and 90 matched Chinese. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to scan the knees to create three-dimensional bone models, the ACL femoral footprint centre and the LFAS. In each femur model, femoral tunnels were established using a set of 16 distinct angular combinations: 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° in the axial plane, as well as 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° in the coronal plane. The minimum distance from the tunnel exit to the LFAS was evaluated, and the tunnel length, posterior cortex damage and medial femoral condyle injury were assessed. Among the 180 patients with simulated ACL femoral tunnels, there was damage to the anatomical structure in parts of the model. According to the Cochran Q test results (P < 0.001), the percentage of safe tunnels varied significantly among the 16 different drilling angle combinations. The overall occurrence of the tunnel exit causing injury to LFAS were 8.3% and 8.1% in Chinese and Caucasian groups (P = 0.786). The means for tunnel length in Caucasians was 40.1 ± 7.9mm, respectively; for Chinese, the results was 38.8 ± 6.6mm (P < 0.001). Females had significantly shorter femoral tunnels than males in both Chinese and Caucasian (P < 0.001). The overall invasion rate of the posterior cortex and medial femoral condyle were 32.6% and 7.4% for Chinese; 31.0% and 7.4% for Caucasians, respectively. To reduce risks of injury to anatomical structures, such as the LFAS, posterior cortex and medial femoral condyle, specific angle combinations of 30°/45°, 45°/30°, 45°/45°, 45°/60°, 60°/30°, 60°/45° and 60°/60° should be used when creating the femoral tunnel in single-bundle ACLR. The selected drilling angles are critical for optimizing femoral tunnel placement.

Optimizing Circular MIMO Array Imaging Using Partial Equivalent Method for Sidelobe Suppression

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for circular Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) array imaging, termed the Partial Equivalent Method (PEM), aimed at sidelobe suppression. In our method, the imaging process of the circular MIMO array is initially decomposed into bistatic circular synthetic aperture radar (BCSAR) components with different bistatic angles. Components with larger bistatic angles produce equivalent channels whose wavenumber spectra are concentrated near zero frequency, leading to significant broadening of the main lobe in the corresponding point spread function (PSF). In traditional MIMO imaging, each transmit–receive antenna pair is considered an equivalent channel, and all these channels are utilized for imaging. However, components with large bistatic angles, when integrated into the MIMO imaging output, result in increased sidelobe levels. To address this issue, we employ the PEM to restrict the range of equivalent channels. This method selectively retains effective channels generated by components with specific bistatic angles, effectively mitigating the adverse effects of BCSAR components with larger bistatic angles. Through point target simulations, electromagnetic simulations, and practical experiments, we demonstrate that the PEM significantly reduces sidelobes and enhances image quality in circular MIMO array imaging.

Antenna RCS minimization using load tuning

Abstract This paper synthesizes antenna RCS using load tuning, beginning with the derivation of the theoretical load impedance to achieve minimum RCS (MRCS) based on antenna radiation and conjugate-matched scattering parameters. This condition is utilized to obtain feasible MRCS zones and minimize backward RCS (BRCS) for the dipole and microstrip patch antennas. The dipole antenna exhibits a full feasible MRCS zone with a BRCS reduction of 77 dB at the resonant frequency, a 63% relative −10dB reduction bandwidth, and a full plane of reduction angles compared to the conjugate-matched condition. However, mismatching of MRCS loading significantly affects the dipole received power. Conversely, the microstrip patch antenna has a feasible MRCS zone that excludes forward directions and demonstrates a negligible mismatching level with a BRCS reduction of 35.5 dB at the resonant frequency, a 0.67% relative reduction bandwidth, a 50° reduction in H-plane, and a 20° reduction in E-plane compared to the conjugate-matched condition. Tuning the load reactance between conjugate-matched and MRCS loadings results in a trade-off between BRCS reduction and the received power. The calculated MRCS load for specific incident direction is applicable for nearby incidence directions, demonstrating applicability with misalignment. The findings validate the efficiency of using load-tuning method with the derived condition to minimize RCS within specific incident angles.

A Successive Approximate Angle Track Converter for Sinusoidal Encoders

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a novel angle track converter for sinusoidal encoders. These encoders provide electronic signals in which the position is encoded in sinusoidal form. This work aims to reduce the complexity and enhance the conversion speed of the sinusoidal‐to‐angle demodulation system. Considering the periodicity of sine and cosine signals (SCSs), the full range is evenly divided into eight segments to determine the coarse angle. According to the specific coarse angle segment, the SCSs are reshaped for proceeding demodulation. Then a fine angle is derived from reshaped signals based on division and arctangent algorithm. Division operation is achieved by a capacitor digital‐to‐analog converter, dynamic comparator, and successive approximation register. The arctangent value is obtained from the division result with the compensation by a small‐size look‐up table. The new converter fabricated in 0.18‐m BCD technology occupies an active area of 0.16 mm2 and consumes 1.5 mW at the sample rate 10 MHz. The measured maximum error is 1.8°, in the full range. Without analog‐to‐digital converters and no nonlinear operation unit, the proposed angle track converter has a significant advantage in cost, speed, and efficiency.

Impact of cochlear detailed morphology on insertion results and intracochlear trauma of a slim pre-curved electrode array: a micro-CT study.

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of detailed cochlear dimensions, assessed using micro-CT (µCT) imaging, on insertion outcomes and associated trauma with a new slim, precurved electrode array. Eleven temporal bone specimens underwent implantation of a 22-electrode slim precurved array via the round window. High-resolution µCT scans post-implantation enabled visualization of cochlear structures and electrode positioning. Combination with subsequent scans taken after electrodes removal, we analyzed angular insertion depth (AID), insertion length, number of electrodes inserted, cochlear dimensions (specifically cochlear duct length (CDL), basal turn diameter, scala tympani dimension), and intracochlear trauma of fine structures. Statistical analyses were performed to correlate cochlear detailed dimensions and morphology with insertion outcomes and trauma. The mean AID was 351.82°, and the mean insertion length was 21.07mm. CDL showed positive correlations with AID and insertion length. Basal turn diameter (value B) positively correlated with AID and insertion length, unlike value A. Middle-basal turn (M/B) relationships (angle and height) significantly influenced insertion depth. The cochleae with smaller M/B heights and specific angles were more susceptible to insertion trauma. Larger basal turn diameters correlated with increased trauma and electrode translocation into the scala vestibuli. This study highlights the importance of precise cochlear measurements in predicting and optimizing cochlear implant outcomes. Specific cochlear dimensions and anatomical shapes were identified as critical factors affecting insertion depth, trauma risk, and electrode positioning. Utilizing micro-CT provided detailed insights into cochlear anatomy and insertion outcomes, offering valuable data for advancing cochlear implant technology and surgical practices.

Design of A Self-Correctable Docking Mechanism in Disturbed Water Surface Environment

The docking mechanism is critical for unmanned surface vehicle (USV) applications, such as traction, dragging, charging, data transmission, building pontoons, etc. These applications are significant for observation, exploration, data acquisition, patrol, rescuing, etc., in aquatic environments. In this paper, a novel autonomous docking mechanism for USVs is proposed. It is capable of (1) docking the USV subject to disturbance efficiently, (2) latching without power consumption after the docking is completed, and (3) guiding the docking head to three specific angles at the end of the docking process. This paper proved the feasibility and rationality of the docking mechanism through theoretical force analysis. Experiments with three different scenarios are implemented to test the mechanism's performance. The experimental results show that the docking success rate is greater than or equal to 90 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> on the disturbed water surface.

Synergistic enhancing low-rank coal flotation mechanisms using nanocarrier collector through pore sealing and surface hydrophobicity

Low-rank coal (LRC) is difficult to float using conventional oily collectors due to the rich oxygen-containing functional groups and abundant pores on its surface. In this study, an effective nanocarrier collector containing both nanoemulsion and nanoparticle with droplet size of 10–70 nm was developed, through diesel-beeswax mixture and AEO-7 using low-energy shearing and rapid cooling emulsification to enhance the LRC flotation. The surface morphology and elemental compositions of LRC were firstly characterized using SEM and EDS, identifying its difficult-to-float mechanisms. Then, the macroscopic appearance and microscopic size distribution of nanocarriers, and flotation tests were conducted to determine the optimum formula of nanocarrier collector for LRC. The results indicated that the recovery rate of combustibles was first increased and then decreased, by increasing the mass ratio of beeswax to diesel. When the mass ratio of diesel, beeswax, and AEO-7 was 2:3:5, the recovery rate of combustibles could be achieved to 92.98 %. Finally, the BET specific surface area, water adsorption, contact angle and wrap angle experiments were conducted to clarifying the synergistic enhancing LRC flotation mechanisms of nanocarriers collector. The nanocarriers could permeate into and seal the LRC surface pores, thereby reducing the both surface pore volumes and specific surface area. In addition, the mixtures of diesel and beeswax synergistically improved the surface hydrophobicity. Consequently, this research provides new insight into the development of effective collectors for LRC flotation.

4D-printed intelligent reflecting surface with improved beam resolution via both phase modulation and space modulation

Recently, intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have emerged as potential candidates for overcoming the line-of-sight issue in 5 G/6 G wireless communication. These IRSs can manipulate the direction of reflected beams, enabling efficient beam steering to enhance the performance of wireless communication. Each unit cell (or unit structure) of an IRS commonly consists of electrical elements for phase modulation. However, by employing phase modulation alone, an IRS can steer the reflected electromagnetic waves toward only discrete and specific angles, leaving a wide range of out-of-beam areas. In this work, an IRS that uses both phase modulation and space modulation is presented to improve the beam resolution and continuously cover out-of-beam areas that phase modulation alone cannot address. A positive-intrinsic-negative diode is mounted on a unit cell for phase modulation, and a 4D-printed reconfigured structure is fabricated to demonstrate space modulation. The beam-steering function is achieved by alternating the states of the diodes in the same columns, while the beam resolution is improved by controlling the gaps between the columns. The functions are first theoretically and numerically analyzed and then experimentally verified, demonstrating that additional angles of −46°/+50°, −22°/+14°, and −16°/+12° are achieved with space modulation and −60°/+62°, −30°/+22°, and ±16° are achieved by phase modulation alone. The proposed IRS offers the possibility of functional integration in a variety of indoor applications within the wireless communication field.

Optimal Design of Smart Antenna Arrays for Beamforming, Direction Finding, and Null Placement Using the Soft Computing Method

ABSTRACTThe urge of modern communication system is to design and development of the smart antennas with adaptive radiation characteristics. The multifold capabilities of fourth‐dimensional antenna arrays can cater that much needed adaptiveness if properly designed. Compared to the conventional arrays, the fourth‐dimensional arrays have one added advantage as the ‘Time’ of all the switched‐on antenna elements can be managed to generate the required amplitude and phase tapering without even using attenuators and phase shifters. However, one inherent limitation of fourth‐dimensional control parameter is the generation of harmonics or sidebands. This article proposes various means of radiation pattern synthesis in fourth‐dimensional linear antenna arrays with pulse shifting, pulse splitting, and a combination of both. First of all, the pulse splitting and shifting techniques are combinedly proposed by reducing the sidelobe levels and sideband levels of the beamforming antenna arrays to enhance directivities and efficiencies. Then, this mathematical proposition of the direction finding fourth‐dimensional arrays is developed. Finally, broad nulls over a specific angle of arrival region are created for jamming and interference mitigation. For all these cases, the sidelobe level and the unwanted higher‐order sideband levels are suppressed to reduce the unwanted interferences and power losses. The optimal time schemes for all the synthesized patterns are generated by proposing a chaos‐based soft computing algorithm. The radiofrequency signals at each radiating array element are processed by the optimal time schemes proposed for specific applications. The outcomes are validated and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art works of this domain to prove the competency of the proposed work. The qualitative and quantitative comparisons presented for beamforming array is aimed for a good improvement over other reported works by targeting ultralow (less than −40 dB) sidelobe and sideband levels. For direction‐finding array, the proposed idea has also targeted ultralow sidelobes for the main as well as steered beam patterns. Furthermore, the null placement over a region has been aimed to cover more area for jamming and sidelobe reduction for interference mitigation. Overall, the optimal designs proposed for these advanced applications are beneficial for cutting‐edge communication systems.

Passive Stylus Tracking: A Systematic Literature Review

Passive stylus systems offer a simple and cost-effective solution for digital input, compatible with a wide range of surfaces and devices. This study reviews the domain of passive stylus tracking on passive surfaces, a topic previously underexplored in existing literature. We answer four key research questions: what type of systems exist in this domain, what methods do they use for tracking styli, how accurate are they, and what are their limitations? A systematic literature review resulted in 24 papers describing passive stylus systems. Their methods primarily fall into four categories: monocular cameras with image processing, multiple camera systems with image processing, machine learning systems using high-speed cameras or motion capture hardware, and radio frequency signal-based systems with signal processing. We found the system with the highest accuracy used a single monocular camera. In many systems, markers such as retroreflective spheres, tape, or fiducial markers were used to enhance the feature matching. We have also found stagnation and in some cases, regression in the precision and reliability of these systems over time. The limitations in these systems include the lack of varied stylus form factor support, the restriction to specific camera positions and angles, and the requirement of expensive hardware. Given these findings, we discuss the important characteristics and features of passive stylus systems and propose ways forward in this field.

Heart Rate Estimation Considering Reconstructed Signal Features Based on Variational Mode Decomposition via Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Radar.

Accurate heart rate estimation using Doppler radar and Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar is highly valued for privacy protection and the ability to measure through clothing. Conventional methods struggle to isolate the heartbeat from respiration and body motion. This paper introduces a novel heart rate estimation method using Variational Mode Decomposition (VMD) via Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) FMCW radar. The proposed method first estimates human positions within the radar's coverage, reducing noise by focusing on signals from these positions. The signal is then decomposed into multiple Intrinsic Mode Function (IMF) signals using VMD, and the heartbeat-specific IMF is extracted based on its center frequency. The heart rate signal is reconstructed using weighted addition of IMF signals for each radar cell, with cells defined by specific angles and distances within the coverage area. Peak detection is used to estimate heart rate from these reconstructed signals. To ensure accuracy, the method selects the heart rate estimate with the highest energy and periodicity for the first four time windows. From the fifth time window onward, it selects the estimate closest to the average of the previous four, minimizing extraneous variations. Experiments conducted with one and two subjects showed promising results. In case 1, with one subject, the method achieved a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 2.54 BPM and an exclusion rate of 0.94% using MIMO FMCW radar, compared to 4.72% with Doppler radar. In case 2, with two subjects, the method achieved an MAE of 2.28 BPM, confirming accurate simultaneous heart rate estimation.

Annealing effect of Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 catangasite crystals on their optical activity

The spectral dependences of transmission and absorption in the wavelength range of 200–2500 nm were measured for Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 crystals cut perpendicular to the optical axis in the initial state (without annealing) and after isothermal annealing in vacuum and in air. It was found that annealing in vacuum leads to a decrease, and annealing in air leads to an increase in the intensity of absorption bands. A spectrophotometric method for measuring and calculating the specific rotation angle ρ of the plane of polarization of light in gyrotropic crystals from the transmission coefficient spectra at different angles between the polarizer and the analyzer is considered. The transmission spectra were normalized in order to eliminate shifts in the spectra associated with measurement features. Spectral dependences of the values of ρ for all three samples, which are approximated by the extended Drude formula, are obtained; the influence of the annealing atmosphere on the values of the coefficients of this formula is established.

Dual-Modal Illumination System for Defect Detection of Aircraft Glass Canopies.

Defect detection in transparent materials typically relies on specific lighting conditions. However, through our work on defect detection for aircraft glass canopies, we found that using a single lighting condition often led to missed or false detections. This limitation arises from the optical properties of transparent materials, where certain defects only become sufficiently visible under specific lighting angles. To address this issue, we developed a dual-modal illumination system that integrates both forward and backward lighting to capture defect images. Additionally, we introduced the first dual-modal dataset for defect detection in aircraft glass canopies. Furthermore, we proposed an attention-based dual-branch modal fusion network (ADMF-Net) to enhance the detection process. Experimental results show that our system and model significantly improve the detection performance, with the dual-modal approach increasing the mAP by 5.6% over the single-modal baseline, achieving a mAP of 98.4%. Our research also provides valuable insights for defect detection in other transparent materials.

Aerodynamic study of a leading-edge rotating cylinder in a cambered aerofoil (NACA2412)

Purpose Flow separation over an aircraft’s wing beyond a specific angle of attack is challenging. Flow boundary layer manipulation has been investigated to improve aerofoil lift and mitigate flow separation difficulties including stall and drag. This is solved via active or passive flow control. Active flow control method moving surface boundary (MSB) enhances shear flow momentum, making it effective. MSB is easier than suction and blowing. Asymmetrical airfoils, which generate lift in aircraft wings, have received less MSB research than symmetrical ones. The purpose of this study is to asses the design efficacy of MSB’s NACA 2412 aerofoil. Design/methodology/approach To observe the performance of MSB in NACA 2412, a computational model has been created, and aerodynamical performance has been analyzed. Findings The study results show that the NACA 2412 with MSB has better aerodynamic efficiency than the NACA 2412 base design. It works best when it reaches its optimal speed and the delay in flow separation works well. Research limitations/implications Limitations may include specific aerofoil applicability, external factors and simulation constraints. Implications guide future research for broader insights and applications. Practical implications Improving asymmetrical aerofoil performance, mitigating stall effects, reducing drag and optimizing designs with moving surface boundary. Insights gained can enhance overall aircraft efficiency and flow control techniques. Originality/value The MSB flow control in a chambered aerofoil is less explored and not explored enough in wing-based aerofoils, and the optimal cylinder speed ratio trend has been discussed at each angle of attack studied.

Performance Investigation of Multi-Turn Pickup for Circular Fractal Flexible Planar Eddy Current Probe

ABSTRACT This paper aims to compare and analyze the performance differences between a single-coil and multi-coil pickup coil layout in a flexible circular fractal planar eddy current probe. Flexible planar eddy current probes offer flexibility and adaptability, making them widely used in the detection of complex structures. The circular fractal flexible planar eddy current probe is a new type of probe that has a lower miss rate in detecting cracks at specific angles compared to traditional circular and rectangular coil eddy current probes. However, the single-coil structure of the probe’s pickup coil has the drawback of being less sensitive to weak signals. This paper investigates the detection performance of the flexible circular fractal probe by varying the number of turns in the original pickup coil. Experimental comparisons were conducted by preparing and installing single-coil and multi-coil circular fractal planar eddy current probes. The performance differences between single-coil and multi-coil configurations were compared and analyzed under various excitation frequencies, liftoff distances, and internal crack depths. The results showed that, compared to the single-coil probe, the multi-coil probe exhibited significantly improved detection signal values and sensitivity.

Russians of the near abroad in the focus of Russian sociology: the evolution of research approaches and angles (1990s – 2020s)

The article examines main directions of sociological research on the Russian population of the near Abroad, establishes quantitative, thematic dynamics, territorial priorities of publications devoted to this problem complex. A shift in publication activity has been revealed from large forms (author’s and collective monographs, collections of articles) that dominated in the 1990s to scientific periodicals, the quantitative peak of which occurred in the second half of the 2000s. Of the leading Russian sociological publications “Sociological Studies” paid maximum attention to the problems of foreign Russians. The professional community, initially consisting of researchers from Moscow academic structures, gradually expanded to include specialists from St. Petersburg and the post-Soviet countries themselves. Since the late 2000s, the activity of researchers from Russian regions has been growing significantly. In the context of content, there was a gradual thematic detailing of research, a shift to more specific angles and narrow groups of the analyzed Russian population. Geographically, the interest of ethnosociologists was extremely unevenly distributed – three quarters of all publications were devoted to Russians from four post-Soviet countries (Kazakhstan, Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine). At the same time, the Russian communities of the South Caucasus, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan practically fell out of the research focus, despite the fact that their adaptation to the new conditions of functioning was quite difficult.

An adaptive internal mass source wave-maker for short wave generation

The mass source wave-maker is commonly employed for generating water waves in numerical simulations, during which a correct amount of mass is introduced or subtracted from the internal flow region to produce target waves. The method has proven to be effective in producing waves in shallow and intermediate water depths, while its efficiency is declined for short wave generation. The main reason for this efficiency declination is that the internal mass source in deeper water region is not effective to generate short waves with their motions primarily on water surface. In order to overcome this shortcoming, many of the previous numerical treatments have introduced various enhancement factors into the source functions, which are empirically obtained and also violate the law of mass conservation. In this study, we develop a new adaptive internal wave-maker model that can be self-adjusted to suit different wave conditions. The line source starts from the bottom and extends to the computational cell right beneath free surface at each time step. The depth dependent weighting coefficient is introduced to the source function based on the linear wave theory for each wave component. No empirical coefficients are necessary, and the mass conservation is strictly and explicitly enforced. In principle, the method can be applied to all types of linear waves in the entire range of kh. The numerical experiments show that the present method can produce very good results for linear waves with kh up to 16.11, adequate for most of wave conditions in coastal engineering. For generation of fifth-order Stokes waves, the method can be extended straightforwardly for each of five wave components. For irregular waves composed of many linear wave components, different weighting coefficients can be readily calculated for each of them, respectively. As a result, the new model can generate irregular waves with overall better performance of reproducing wave spectrum, whose high-frequency part has been underestimated by previous methods. The numerical experiments also show that the new model can produce better results for focused waves where many linear waves of different frequencies start from the same point with specific phase angles, due to its capability of generating shorter wave components.

Dynamic 3D Fresnel incoherent correlation holography imaging based on single-shot mirrored phase-shifting technology.

Fresnel incoherent correlation holography (FINCH) records coaxial holograms for wide-field 3D imaging with incoherent light, but its temporal phase-shifting strategy makes dynamic imaging challenging. Here, we present a compact, portable single-shot mirrored phase-shifting (SSPMS) module that can be easily integrated into the FINCH system, achieving secondary modulation of self-interference beams to enable the simultaneous acquisition of four phase-shift holograms in a single exposure. Compared with previously reported methods that use diffraction gratings to spatially separate self-interference beams at specific angles, this module duplicates a laterally shifted mirrored beam using a simply modified Michelson interferometer, so the phase-shifting holograms obtained via this module are free from optical aberrations or higher-order diffracted light noises. The feasibility of the proposed method is experimentally demonstrated through imaging dynamic 3D grayscale scenes.

Two-stage assembly of patchy ellipses: From bent-core particles to liquid crystal analogs.

We investigate the two-dimensional behavior of colloidal patchy ellipsoids specifically designed to follow a two-step assembly process from the monomer state to mesoscopic liquid-crystal phases via the formation of the so-called bent-core units at the intermediate stage. Our model comprises a binary mixture of ellipses interacting via the Gay-Berne potential and decorated by surface patches, with the binary components being mirror-image variants of each other-referred to as left-handed and right-handed ellipses according to the position of their patches. The surface patches are designed so as in the first stage of the assembly the monomers form bent-cores units, i.e., V-shaped dimers with a specific bent angle. The Gay-Berne interactions, which act between the ellipses, drive the dimers to subsequently form the characteristic phase observed in bent-core liquid crystals. We numerically investigate-by means of both Molecular Dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations-the described two-step process: we first optimize a target bent-core unit and then fully characterize its state diagram in temperature and density, defining the regions where the different liquid crystalline phases dominate.