Specific Age Research Articles

Mechanism of Cu entry into the brain: many unanswered questions.

Brain tissue requires high amounts of copper (Cu) for its key physiological processes, such as energy production, neurotransmitter synthesis, maturation of neuropeptides, myelination, synaptic plasticity, and radical scavenging. The requirements for Cu in the brain vary depending on specific brain regions, cell types, organism age, and nutritional status. Cu imbalances cause or contribute to several life-threatening neurologic disorders including Menkes disease, Wilson disease, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and others. Despite the well-established role of Cu homeostasis in brain development and function, the mechanisms that govern Cu delivery to the brain are not well defined. This review summarizes available information on Cu transfer through the brain barriers and discusses issues that require further research.

Estimation of the Short-Term Impact of Climate-Change-Related Factors on Wood Supply in Poland in 2023–2025

In this study, we analyzed in situ data from the years 2018–2022 encompassing entire forest plantations in Poland. Based on data regarding stand density and the occurrence of fungal, water-related, climate-related, fire, and insect factors that may intensify with climate changes, we determined the correlation between their occurrence and the decline in wood increments for six tree species: pine, birch, oak, spruce, beech, and alder. Subsequently, we identified age intervals in which the species–factor interaction exhibited statistically significant effects. Next, we developed neural network models for short-term wood increment predictions. Utilizing these models, we estimated a reduction in wood supply harvested in accordance with the plans for the years 2023–2025 assuming a tenfold greater intensity of factors than in 2022. Findings indicate: birch: water-related factors may reduce wood production by 0.1%–0.2%. This aligns with previous research linking drought to birch wood decline, highlighting its sensitivity to water-related issues. Oak: fungal and insect factors could decrease wood production by up to 0.1%. Prior studies emphasize the significant influence of fungal diseases on oak health and regeneration, as well as the impact of insect infestation on wood production. Alder: water-related factors may lead to a slight reduction in wood production, approximately 0.02%. The impact is significant within specific age ranges, indicating potential effects on harvesting. Pine: water- and climate-related factors may result in up to a 0.05% reduction in wood production. Pine, a key forest-forming species in Poland, is notably sensitive to these factors, especially as it nears harvesting age. Spruce: insects, fungi, and climate-related factors could lead to a reduction in wood production of up to 0.2%–0.3%. Analyses demonstrate sensitivity, resulting in a noticeable growth differential compared to the typical rate. Short-term predictions based on neural networks were developed, acknowledging their suitability for short-term forecasts due to uncertainties regarding long-term factor impacts. Additionally, our study discussed modeling wood increments in divisions well below the harvesting time, emphasizing that the influence of current and 2023–2025 factors on wood increments and supply may only manifest several decades from now. These results imply important indications for the economic and financial performance of the wood industry.

The role of psychological interventions in improving quality of life and reducing symptoms in patients with rheumatologic conditions: systematic review

The long-term condition known as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) severely reduces bodily, emotional, and psychological functioning. Hence, the need of psychological interventions is important to improve the quality of life and reduce symptoms. For instance, this review aimed to explain the role psychological interventions in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life in rheumatoid arthritis patients. A thorough search was carried out in November 2023, mostly using PubMed, in compliance with PRISMA criteria. The search was limited to English-language research that looked at the effect of psychological interventions on rheumatoid arthritis patients. To guarantee the quality and applicability of the evaluated research, certain inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed. A wide spectrum of research from various countries and areas was included in the study, without any focus on a specific age. A discernible pattern indicated a high proportion of individuals with effect of psychological interventions in long term condition. According to the findings of the current investigation, there is confirmed evidence to prove the positive effect of psychological interventions on rheumatoid conditions.

The Association of Body Mass Index on Falls Risk and Mortality in Hospitalized Patients of Different Old-Age Categories Requiring Nutritional Support.

Malnutrition affect clinical outcomes in hospitalized old age patients, but the data on the related outcomes on the basis of different age categories are still limited. We aimed to investigate the interplay of associations among body mass index (BMI), falls risk, and mortality rate in different older adult patient age categories. This retrospective study included hospitalized patients aged ≥ 65 years who received artificial nutrition. Demographic, biochemical, and survival data were collected. BMI was evaluated using the World Health Organization BMI cutoffs for Asians, and patients were classified into high (≥ 23.0 kg/m2), normal (18.5-22.9 kg/m2), and low (< 18.5 kg/m2) BMI groups. The Morse Fall Scale was used to assess falls risk. By age categories, all patients (n = 4,642) were divided into the 65-74 (n = 2,649) and ≥ 75 (n = 1,993) years age groups. We found that the proportion of low-BMI and high risk of falls increased with age. Further, low-BMI was associated with increased falls risk in both age groups. Overall survival rate tended to be lower in the low-BMI and ≥ 75 years group than that in other patient groups, but did not differ significantly compared with the low-BMI and 65-74 years group. Low-BMI was associated with increased falls risk and mortality; however, the association depended on specific patient age groups.

Analysis of Primary Tooth Extractions and Associated Factors in 3 to 5-Year-Old Children in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Retrospective Study.

Understanding the patterns and reasons behind the extraction of children's primary teeth is crucial for improving oral health outcomes. This retrospective investigation aimed to discern the patterns and factors contributing to primary tooth extraction among pediatric patients aged 3 to 5 years treated at the Pediatric Surgery Department of the National Curative and Specialized Stomatology Hospital in Kabul, Afghanistan. Between January and May 2023, we conducted an extensive review of dental records, focusing on patients aged 3 to 5 years who had undergone primary tooth extraction. Data were collected on patients' age, gender, specif tooth extracted, and reasons for tooth extraction. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics version 25. Among 150 subjects reviewed, 53.3% were male. Primary first molars were the most commonly extracted teeth (29.3%). Dental caries was the leading cause of extraction (50%), followed by periodontitis (31.3%) and root resorption (18.7%). Mandibular extractions (58.6%) were more frequent than maxillary extractions (41.4%). No significant differences were found based on age or tooth type. Weak correlations were observed between specific tooth extractions, age, and etiology. This study reveals a higher frequency of extractions in older children, primarily due to dental caries, periodontitis, and root resorption, with a slight male predominance. While no significant differences were noted in extraction patterns based on age or tooth type, understanding these trends is essential for improving pediatric dental care.

The effect of periodontal health and disease on interleukin 1β and nesfatin-1 levels in gingival crevicular fluid: A cross-sectional study.

Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease associated with dental biofilm, poses a significant threat to oral health. This study explores the roles of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and nesfatin-1 in periodontal diseases, aiming to contribute to the molecular understanding of their pathogenesis. A diverse cohort of 62 participants was recruited, spanning ages 20 to 60, and categorized into healthy, gingivitis, and periodontitis groups. Clinical measurements, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, and bleeding on probing, were conducted. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected for IL-1β and nesfatin-1 analysis using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis employed Kruskal-Wallis and Spearman correlation tests. Significant differences in oral hygiene habits were observed among groups, particularly in the 40-60 age range. Clinical indices showed variations, with the highest IL-1β levels in the periodontitis group and the lowest nesfatin-1 levels. Correlation analysis revealed positive associations between IL-1β, nesfatin-1, and oral indices. While providing valuable insights, we acknowledge this study's limitations, including a cross-sectional design and a specific age range. Future research should employ longitudinal designs and larger cohorts, and explore broader inflammatory markers, genetic influences, and confounding variables for a more comprehensive understanding of periodontal diseases. The findings underscore the complex interplay between inflammatory markers and periodontal health.

Интерпретационный потенциал оценочных выражений по-детски и по-взрослому: выбор говорящего

The paper analyzes the semantics and functioning of the comparative-suggestive adverbs po-detski (childishly) and po-vzroslomu (maturely). The meanings of these words are scarcely reflected in the Russian language dictionaries. The analysis of the materials from the National Corpus of the Russian language has revealed the evaluative semes in the meanings of the words under study. The connection between the expressed evaluation and the societal norms governing the behavior of individuals within a specific age group has been established. The norm expressed by the evaluative adverb po-detski is associated with naivety, trustworthiness, spontaneity, immaturity, and other characteristics of a child. The evaluative adverb po-vzroslomu is characterized by emotional restraint and rationality, seriousness, strength, thoroughness, etc. The discrepancies with the speaker’s stereotypical view of child or adult behavior are expressed in using po-detski and po-vzroslomu as evaluative nominations. The groups of verbs, adverbs, and adjectives have been identified, revealing the evaluative semantics of the words po-detski and po-vzroslomu and determining the specifics of their functioning in speech. The object of evaluation is analyzed from the position of compliance/non-compliance with the age stated by the evaluation lexicon: both lexemes can be used in relation to a child and an adult. A conclusion is made that the content of po-detski and po-vzroslomu assessments, despite the apparent simplicity of interpretation, turns out to be more profound and ambiguous.

Challenges and Opportunities of using Role-players in Medical Education: Medical Educator’s Perspective

Introduction: Roleplaying is getting popular in modern education. Role-players are trained to act specific roles in clinical situations and interact with medical students in the simulation of real-clinical scenarios. Educators used Role-players wisely especially in restricted situation of Covid Era. There are many opportunities in using Role-players such as creating clinical situation, practicing communication skill, cost-effectiveness, saving the time, comfortable learning environment for learners, encouraging students to learn. Aim: Current study aims to explore challenges and opportunities in roleplaying in medical education. Method: This is a reflective writing about the role-play in medical education. The authors reflect on their collective experiences with the review of literatures and describe their educational encounters in various aspects of challenges and opportunities of using role-players in medical education vividly. All authors have been involved in medical education for at least five years and have used role play to teach undergraduate students. The authors reflect on their role-playing experiences in various phases and modules, such as pre-clinical teaching, clinical case discussion, creative online clinical consultation, and clinical assessment studies. Several identified subject headings were used to group the common experiences, with an emphasis on addressing the challenges and opportunities in advancing the use of role-playing in medical education. The study search engine mage use of key points for its search such as, need for training of role-players, uncertain availability of role-players for certain teaching class and exams, need for specific age of role-players in definite clinical scenarios, some difficulties in recruitment of new role-players, preparation of clinical scenarios, student engagement, further collected information and data are descriptively stated. Conclusion: Modern educators are trying to improve the roleplaying education. By enhancing opportunities to use Role-players in medical education, the soft skills of medical students such as cooperation in teamwork, negotiation and persuasion can be upgraded. These skills are essential skill for medical students to contribute as a health care provider in community. The study summarises the numerous ways to overcome the challenges and highlighted that educators has significance role to make sure student receive all information of their task. This study brings out the value attached to clinical scenarios that are well prepared as a real-world event and suggests that reflection taken from role-players and students to improve future roleplaying class. This study contributes to enhancing emergency preparedness and response working as a part of role-playing education. The educators' effort to improve role-playing education by enhancing opportunities for using role-players in medical education can upgrade the soft skills of medical students, such as cooperation in teamwork, negotiation, and persuasion. These skills are essential for medical students to contribute as health care providers in the community.

A Qualitative Study on Nutritional Awareness Among Parents of Pediatric Recipients of Liver or Kidney Transplants.

The primary aim of this study was to examine the extent of nutritional awareness concerning dietary requisites within a cohort comprising pediatric recipients of liver and kidney transplants, along with their respective caregivers. The overarching goal was to establish a foundation for enhancing the dietary nutrition of this specific population. This was a qualitative research study, involving in-depth interviews and subsequent qualitative data analysis. Our sample included pediatric patients in a specific age range who had undergone a liver or kidney transplant, as well as their parents. The data analysis technique we used was content analysis. The survey focused on knowledge of dietary requirements and restrictions, nutritional needs, and adherence to daily dietary requirements among pediatric patients and their respective caregivers. Approximately 30% of the parents lacked relevant nutritional awareness, 30% relied on a single source for acquiring nutritional knowledge, and 40% expressed a considerable need for nutritional guidance. Our findings revealed a deficiency in the understanding of nutritional and dietary requirements for children who have undergone a liver or kidney transplant. Their nutrient intake was unbalanced, and their dietary habits were irregular, highlighting the need for better nutritional guidance and monitoring. The nutritional awareness and knowledge of dietary requirements among pediatric liver and kidney transplant recipients and their care providers are inadequate. Medical professionals are urged to tackle this concern by imparting comprehensive education to parents regarding the nutritional prerequisites essential for their children post-transplant. This approach empowers parents to implement requisite dietary modifications effectively. Furthermore, healthcare institutions should augment the nutritional proficiency of their medical staff through meticulously structured training initiatives.

Exploring Youth Preferences for Collective Action: A Comparison of a Grassroots Initiative with a Union-Led One

Many young individuals now prioritize involvement in collective action as a means to instigate societal change. Crucially, they have access to social media platforms, which help them connect with like-minded peers and coordinate efforts. Some of them may be thus more inclined to favour less conventional collective action over formal union membership. In this study, which draws on data from young British workers during the period from December 2022 to March 2023, we endeavoured to ascertain this cohort’s preferred approach to collective action. We distinguished between an informal grassroots initiative and one led by a labour union as a means to advance the rights of gig economy workers. To this end, we conducted a controlled online experiment. We focused exclusively on a specific age cohort within a particular timeframe, thus limiting our ability to determine generational differences in preferences for collective action and in attitudes toward unions. Nevertheless, the results do offer insights into the forms of collective action preferred by Generation Z. British youth were found to view the informal grassroots initiative more positively than the union-led one. However, they viewed the latter as potentially having greater influence on government policy. Furthermore, they were not significantly more willing to join one initiative than the other. Nonetheless, they were more inclined to recommend the grassroots initiative. This paper contributes to the body of research on the relationship between labour unions and young people. It also provides insight into how members of Generation Z think about various ways of participating in collective action.

Trends in food and nutrition literacy in obesity: A bibliometric analysis

Background Low food and nutrition literacy is a significant factor in obesity prevalence, adversely impacting economic and individual health outcomes, with limited research impeding effective public health interventions. Objectives This study seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of scientific research conducted over the past three decades on food and nutrition literacy in relation to obesity. The objective is to evaluate the thematic focus of studies in this domain. Methods A bibliometric analysis methodology, known as a quantitative technique, was employed to investigate scientific studies published in the Web of Science database between 1995 and 2023. The analysis, conducted using the Bibliometrix library in R StudioIDE, considers key variables such as publication year, authorship, countries of origin, high-impact journals, citations, collaborations, and keywords. Results The research encompasses 755 articles, revealing a notable surge in publications post-2007. Remarkably, studies predominantly concentrate on the food and nutrition literacy of children and adolescents. The most cited author is Velardo, whose 2015 article focuses on defining nutritional literacy. The total number of publications from the 10 countries with the most productive authors in this field is 590, accounting for 78.15% of the dataset. The integration of digital media tools among this demographic has sparked innovative research trends. Conclusions Analysis of the data underscores a shortage of research in the literature, emphasizing the need for future studies to prioritize investigating the connection between food and nutrition literacy and obesity in children and adolescents. Bridging this knowledge gap is imperative for developing effective strategies to address and mitigate the obesity epidemic in these specific age groups.

Primary SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adults results in similar Fc-mediated antibody effector function patterns.

Increasing evidence suggests that Fc-mediated antibody effector functions have an important role in protection against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. However, limited data are available on the potential differences in the development, heterogeneity and durability of these responses in children compared to adults. Here, we assessed the development of spike S1-specific serum antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement deposition (ADCD) and natural killer cell activation (ADNKA), alongside specific antibody binding concentrations (IgG, IgA and IgM) and IgG avidity in healthy adults (n = 38, 18-56 years) and children (n = 21, 5-16 years) following primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a 10-month longitudinal follow-up. Differences between groups were assessed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons test. We found similar (functional) antibody responses in children compared to adults, with a tendency for increased durability in children, which was statistically significant for ADCD (P < 0.05). While ADNKA was strongly reduced in both adults (P < 0.001) and children (P < 0.05) at the latest time point, ADCP remained relatively stable over time, possibly relating to an increase in avidity of the spike-specific antibodies (P < 0.001). Finally, the ADNKA capacity relative to antibody concentration appeared to decrease over time in both children and adults. In conclusion, our data provide novel insights into the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in children and adults. An increased understanding of these characteristics in specific age populations is valuable for the future design of novel and improved vaccination strategies for respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.

Student-Led Interest Time and Its Influence on Social Skills and Interaction among Students: A Quantitative Analysis

This quantitative study investigated the perceptions of student-led interest time (SLIT) among secondary school students and its influence on social skills and interaction. Conducted at Balite National High School in San Francisco, Surigao Del Norte, the research utilized a descriptive research design to analyze the impact of SLIT on various aspects of student development. Purposive sampling was employed to select participants from the school's population of 365 students. The findings revealed that SLIT positively affects engagement, learning outcomes, skill development, and social connections within the classroom. Students perceive SLIT activities favorably, expressing enjoyment and recognizing its benefits for personal growth and relationship-building. However, there are identified areas for improvement, particularly in aligning SLIT activities with student preferences and interests. Demographic analysis indicates a diverse representation of students across different age groups and grade levels, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of perceptions across various developmental stages and educational backgrounds. Statistical tests demonstrate significant differences in perception based on age and grade level, highlighting the influence of demographic factors on students' views of SLIT. This study underscores the importance of SLIT in promoting holistic student development. It suggests that efforts to tailor SLIT activities to meet student needs and interests better can further optimize its effectiveness. Further research, including post-hoc analyses, is recommended to identify specific age groups or grade levels that exhibit significant differences in their perceptions of SLIT, aiding in the refinement of SLIT implementation strategies.

Incidence of Rifampicin-Resistant Strains in Pediatric Cases Newly Identified with Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: To assess the effect of rifamycin prevalence which create resistant in newly diagnosed pediatric patients having pulmonary infections. Objectives: This scientific research was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of antibiotics resistivity in pediatric children specifically under age. The primary antibiotics were found to be resistant when given to children at the onset of disease. The investigation was done to evaluate the efficacy of the rifamycin antibiotic as treatment option which will excite the comprehension of drug resistant tuberculosis in pediatric population under the specific age. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Settings: The study was conducted in Children Hospital, Lahore Pakistan. Duration: The study was conducted duration the time period staring from 24 May 2023 to 23 November 2023. Methods: The current study was conducted under the criteria of cross-sectional information to assess the antibiotics resistant in bacterial pathogens among the chronic disease as tuberculosis patient specifically children. The evaluation was purely done on the basis of statistical analysis by using statistical tools to examine the gender base medication relevant factors involved in occurring of disease. the resistivity was identified with particular factors. The evaluation was done on behalf of statistical tools SPSS version 23. Results: The current research offers the valuable insight the prevalence of antibiotics rifamycin resistivity in the children with the disease of lungs like tuberculosis or other lungs issues regarding to bacterial infection. The suitable treatment strategies were made, and drug resistant was confirmed. Conclusion: The study undergoes the prevalence of the drug resistant bacterial infection caused by specifically limitation of drugs effectivity against bacteria. The elevated resistant rate rephasing the necessity to explore the alternativity for the effective prevention and management of drug resistant tuberculosis in pediatric patients.

Association of acne with impaired dermatologic quality of life among Young People in Nigeria: A cross-sectional survey

Objective: Acne, particularly severe forms, may impair quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of acne, its severity, and its impact on the quality of life among young people in Nigeria. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1017 systematically selected undergraduates in a Nigerian University using a 24-item self-administered questionnaire. We derived the proportions and means of participants’ characteristics and computed the crude and specific (age, sex, and location of residence) prevalence. We then conducted bivariate analysis and used binary logistic regression analysis to evaluate the relationship between the report of acne and the dermatologic quality of life. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: About half (539; 53.0%) of the respondents were females, while 478 (47.0%) were males with mean ages of 16.6 (±1.2) and 16.8 (±1.4) (p = 0.004) respectively. The prevalence of self-reported acne was 61.3% (58.2-64.3). Participants reporting acne were four times more likely to perceive an impairment in dermatologic quality of life (AOR: 4.18 [2.77-6.33]). The perceived severity of acne was statistically related to the dermatologic quality of life. Participants with moderate (AOR: 3.05 [2.19-4.25]) and severe (AOR: 7.96 [3.12-20.16]) acne were at increased odds of impairment of dermatologic quality of life compared to those with no or mild acne. Conclusion: The self-report of acne and its severity are associated with diminished quality of life independent of age and sex. The management of acne among young people should include strategies to improve their perceived quality of life.

Augmenting Early Childhood Speech Skills through Audiovisual Talk Time Playing (ATTP): A Research &amp; Development Approach

This study focused on developing, validating, and evaluating the effectiveness of the Audiovisual Talk Time Playing (ATTP) model for enhancing speech skills in 5-6-year-old children within a kindergarten environment. Employing research with development methodology, this study followed Plomp's (1997) framework through four phases: design, realization/construction, testing, evaluation, and implementation. The ATTP model was developed through a detailed analysis and synthesis of requirements for fostering young learners' speaking skills. Its practical application involved translating the theoretical model into a classroom with 15 children. The model's effectiveness was evaluated using validation sheets, model assessments, usability sheets, observation sheets, teacher questionnaires, and student learning outcome evaluation sheets. Qualitative data was collected through observations and teacher questionnaires, while quantitative data was derived from assessments of children's speaking abilities. The results indicated a significant improvement in children's communication skills, with an increased percentage of children moving from 'adequate' to 'good' speech skills categories. Educators responded positively to the ATTP model, emphasizing its practicality and effectiveness. The study concluded that the ATTP model, with its interactive and multisensory approach, is a more engaging and effective method for language development in early childhood education than traditional methodologies. However, the study's limited focus on a specific age group and setting suggests the need for future research to explore the model's long-term impacts and adaptability in different educational contexts.

The Effects of Replacing Traditional Punishment with Mindfulness Practices in Schools

In an era where traditional punitive measures are increasingly critiqued for their efficacy and potential harm, this study delves into the effects of introducing mindfulness practices as disciplinary measures in secondary school settings. Situated in an urban school environment and spanning a six-month duration, the research employed a quasi-experimental design involving 40 students. Quantitative findings indicated a significant reduction in behavioral issues and an enhancement in psychological well-being among students subjected to mindfulness interventions. Qualitative insights, gathered from focus group discussions with educators and students, echoed these results, elucidating the transformative potential of mindfulness in fostering a positive learning environment. However, concerns were raised about the time and resources required for consistent mindfulness implementation. While the study offers promising insights, the results are bound by certain limitations, including a specific age and geographical focus. The findings underscore the potential of integrating mindfulness practices in educational settings, advocating for a balanced approach in school discipline that melds traditional and contemporary methods. Future research is recommended to explore the long-term implications across diverse demographics and settings.&#x0D; Keywords: Mindfulness Practices, Traditional Punitive Measures, Secondary School Discipline, Psychological Well-being, Behavioral Outcomes

Identification of age at death in red deer (Cervus elaphus) through the upper dentition: Eruption pattern, wear stage and crown heights

The present research aims to determine the age at which red deer (Cervus elaphus) specimens died by examining their upper dentition. We analyzed eighty free-ranging individuals from southern Spain to establish a reference database for age calculation. The age of these individuals was identified by the mandibular teeth inferred from their known death years and the maxillary teeth were evaluated relative to them. As a result, we have provided three non-destructive methods: a description of the eruption sequence and dental replacement, a referential code for occlusal wear stages, and a regression analysis considering the height of the cusps in both upper and lower dentition. These methods offer the possibility of estimating the age at which the animals died and categorizing them into specific age groups. To evaluate the practicality of this method, we applied it to the Middle Paleolithic archaeological site of Abric Romaní. All the proposed methods allow us to approximate the age at death of red deer individuals. The most accurate results, whenever feasible, are obtained by combining these different methods. This study facilitates the inclusion of upper dentition fossils that have traditionally been omitted from the analysis in archaeological sites, allowing a better adjustment of the quantitative methods used to calculate the number of skeletal elements and the number of individuals. This, in turn, enables a more accurate construction of the anatomical and mortality profiles.

Importance of Aging Policy

An aging policy in the near perspective is beneficial for the country, because the state's income will increase, and more people will be involved in the labor sector. This will help prolong both physical and psychological healthy life. The aforementioned is evidenced by the examples of Israel and Canada, as well as the recommendations of the United Nations and the International Labor Organization and the vision of the European Union on promoting the employment of the older population. Age division and the development of specific terms (Older persons and Seniors) will help the state create the state program for specific age group citizens. Also, these terms will help to eliminate negative stigmas related to age and aging in the labor market. Individual employment programs and the state subsidy mechanism for improving the skills of older workers will contribute to the sustainable development of employment in Georgia. The mentioned issues respond to the association agreement concluded between the European Union and Georgia.

Strategy and Methodology of Modern Preventіve Physіcal and Rehabіlіtatіon Medіcіne іn the Health Care System of Ukraіne

The main sense of the preventive physical and rehabilitation medicine (PRM) strategy is the development and implementation of medical and social projects, which are based on certain backgrounds, principles, tasks and strategies. The purpose of a quality life formation is to promote the achievement of well-being and health at all levels and for all persons and the main mechanisms of its formation are the creation of conditions for individuals, groups of people, communities and a positive impact on health problems. The disease and its consequences, which disturb the necessary balance of medical, psychological and social components, lead to a change in the quality of a person’s life, to his partial or complete isolation from social life, which causes social disintegration. This necessitates the development and implementation in the health care system of Ukraine of promising preventive rehabilitation/habilitation technologies to improve the quality of life, which includes a person’s assessment of his physical, mental and social well-being. The article deals with modern views on preventive PRM as a disease prevention strategy, which includes the technology and organization of diagnostic and health-improving methods. The modern PRM strategy is determined by the priority of the systemic approach, the use of biopsychosocial models, the focus on the personalization of the individual, and provides for changes in the basic paradigm of the implementation and assessment of rehabilitation measures. Modern technologies in education and training have a positive impact on health promotion, rehabilitation and prevention, medical diagnosis, functional assessment, treatment and rehabilitation management for persons of any age who have experienced limitations in daily functioning due to health conditions. Preventive PRM is person- and functioning-oriented (as opposed to organ- and disease-oriented specialties or specialties that focus on specific age groups) and aims to improve activity, quality of life, improve healthy behaviors, and promote the positive influence of personal and environmental factors on functioning. Preventive PRM allows to manage person’s health. A person does not passively learn about the state of his health, but with the help of modern rehabilitation diagnostic technologies, a multidisciplinary approach, information support, specialists capable of implementing a complex of rehabilitation technologies, gets to know his body, understands what negatively affects his health, and which improves him, and most importantly, learns to manage these processes by himself.