Specific Action Research Articles

O-111 The International Fertility Education Initiative

Abstract Awareness Raising. The International Fertility Education Initiative Jacques de Mouzon, Joyce Harper, Karin Hammarberg, and the IFEI group Clearly, from the international reports on Assisted reproductive technology, more and more patients go to be treated by ART everywhere in the World, even in the richest countries where access is not limited by economic constraints. At the same time, there is a large tendency of maternal age increase at conception and birth, whereas it is well known that there is a fertility decline both with women’s and men’s age. It clearly appears that one driver concerns the lack of awareness of people of reproductive age on the factors affecting the chance of conceiving and of getting a healthy baby. Thus, to improve fertility awareness in the public, a group of 45 specialists in infertility from about twenty countries met in 2020 and decided to launch an initiative, together with patients’ associations, the International Fertility Education initiative (IFEI). The group includes experts of various scientific fields: clinicians, nurses / midwifes, scientists, psychologists, ethicists, public health, patients. The chair is Pr. Joyce Harper, who was at the initiative of this initiative The IFEI objectives and creation were published in Human Reproduction open in 2021. Objectives include research and actions to improve fertility awareness. The mission can be summarized as follows: To increase fertility awareness using the life course approach, in order to improve reproductive health and facilitate decision-making in family planning among adolescents, people of reproductive age, primary healthcare, education professionals, and policymakers through development, evaluation and dissemination of inclusive educational resources. Four strategic goals have been identified 5 working groups have been designed to cover the mission and strategic goals: IFEI has regular meetings where each group progresses are discussed. The groups advancements will be presented at the ESHRE annual meeting in Milano, during the special session entitled “Awareness Raising”. In 2021, IFEI has established links with ESHRE, under the umbrella of the special interest group Global and Socio-cultural Aspects of Infertility. In 2022, links are being established also with IFFS and FIGO, to develop a consistent action. In conclusion, IFEI is rapidly progressing towards its objectives and several countries has already developed specific national action plans that are consistent with the general aim on fertility awareness Trial registration number

Художествени похвати при заснемането на околна среда в компютърната игра

The article presents part of the art methods for visualizing models from the environment captured on a screen in video games. Computer graphics are developed to such a degree in terms of visualization that they perfectly apply the rules of our perspective knowledge, so that they can help us imitate threedimensional objects on those flat surfaces. We will look at essential perspective concepts and how they help depict the environment in video games, as well as the tools that are developed in the virtual space. Artists can use them to show a specific action, emotion and atmosphere connected with the computer game. Such tools are the so-called virtual digital cameras. They use all the rules from the well-known perspective and implement them in the computer for creating the image. We will also look at types of cameras and different settings that game developers use for developing a game. The position and placement in the game level are important for achieving the desired result and how we want the player to look at the picture. There are compositional solutions and a camera angle in different types of video games. So, the best solution can be given regarding the view of the environment in the video game with the action that is happening in it. These are some basic art elements that are implemented in computer technology to create the image in a computer game.

Action planning and coping planning based intervention on physical activity practice among desk-based office employees: a non-randomized explanatory mixed method study

Background: Desk-based office workers have sedentariness in the workplace due to the nature of their work. So we aimed to determine the effect of action planning and coping planning based physical activity intervention among participants and explore its utility.Methods: This study was conducted among office staff employed in six to eight hours of desk- based office work of JIPMER, Puducherry during November 2020 to January 2021. Simple random sampling of employees from available database was done to select 150 participants based on inclusion criteria. Intervention was individual specific action and coping planning for physical activity (PA). Change in the level of PA and its stage, body composition parameters and step-counts were measured at end-line to assess the effect of intervention supported by the qualitative interviews.Results: An adequate level (≥600 METS) of physical activity among participants in the intervention group increased by 42% among Total MET minutes spent (p<0.001). Muscle mass improved in the intervention arm by 4% (p>0.001). Conclusions: Implementation plan is effective in improving the physical activity level of the participants and adopting healthy PA behaviour and advocates for health promoting workplace.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients Operated for Achilles Tendon Rupture in Shanghai.

ObjectiveTo reflect the potential epidemiological characteristics of Achilles tendon (AT) rupture in Shanghai, China, which has been rarely reported before.MethodsThis work is a descriptive epidemiology study. A total of 302 cases of AT rupture admitted to our department between 01/2013 and 02/2020 are analyzed according to telephone follow‐up and medical records. Male to female ratio is 10.3 and the average age is 37.5 years. The record of each case includes age, gender, Body mass index (BMI), quinolone use, corticoid exposure and related medical history/comorbidities. If the case is sports‐related (SR), details including kind of sports, intensity of exercise, exercise time before rupture, specific action that causes rupture and situation of warm‐up are collected. Two independent sample t‐tests and Pearson chi‐square tests are used for statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 252 ruptures are SR. Male to female ratio is 15.6 in SR cases. Most SR ruptures occur in patients aged 25–39 years. Ball games are major sports responsible for rupture: basketball in 95 (37.7%), badminton in 68 (27.0%) and soccer in 62 (24.6%). Acceleration and running start is the specific action that cause most (37.7%) ruptures. AT cases are observed in 91 patients with warm‐up and 161 without preparation before exercise. As a result, more ruptures happened within 10 min' sports in 161 unprepared (22.4%) than in 91 prepared (5.5%) cases. In SR cases, 107 and 145 cases are observed on weekends and weekdays. Of the 302 total cases, 64 are associated with Achilles tendinopathy. Frequently reported factors such as quinolone use and corticoid exposure are found only in two and 11 of all cases, respectively.ConclusionMiddle‐aged males are common victims of AT rupture in Shanghai. Sports including basketball, badminton, soccer and actions involving in sudden and severe contraction of AT cause most ruptures. Warm‐up before exercise reduces rupture in short time. Factors such as quinolone, corticoid and Achilles tendonitis still need attention.

A State as a Subject of Environmental Terrorism: Case Study of an Intrastate Armed Conflict in Ukraine

The essence of the phenomenon of «environmental terrorism» is investigated. Environmental terrorism is a specific deliberate action aimed indirectly, through the environment, to the deterioration of its quality characteristics, which creates a threat to human security and the environment itself. It is shown that domestic environmental terrorism has now found its application as an instrument of civil war. In its confrontation with the republics, Ukraine at the state level widely uses terrorist acts, the purpose of which is to create environmental threats for the citizens of these republics. The paper presents the facts of environmental terrorism by the state of Ukraine, as a result of which the fundamental right of citizens of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic to a healthy environment and sustainable development is violated. It is shown that almost no environmental terrorist acts carried out against citizens of the republics have found adequate condemnation at the international level, which indicates the inefficiency of the system for protecting fundamental human rights.

UPLC-Q-Exactive/MS-based metabonomics revealed protective effect of Zingiberis rhizome and its processed product on deficiency-cold and hemorrhagic syndrome rats.

Zingiberis rhizome carbonisata (ZRC) is the processed product of Zingiberis rhizome (ZR). ZR is mainly used for warming the spleen and stomach to dispel cold, whereas ZRC is commonly applied as a treatment for deficiency-cold and hemorrhagic syndrome (DCHS). Although they have long been used to serve different clinical purposes, the specific action mechanism of the drugs and molecular changes underlying ZR processing are not clear. In this study, metabolomics study was carried out to analyze the alterations in endogenous metabolites in serum and urine samples of DCHS rat models using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Exactive mass spectrometry technique and constructed principal component analysis score plots that showed that the ZRC group was completely separated from the DCHS and ZR groups but demonstrated a highly close plotting to the normal control group. The results revealed that both ZR and ZRC intervened in the metabolic pathways of DCHS models but to varying degrees and with different influencing factors. In addition, ZRC was found to function as a treatment for the metabolic disorders of DCHS through 15 pharmacodynamic biomarkers involving a series of pathways, such as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolic pathway, as well as arachidonic acid metabolic pathways. This study showed that metabolomics method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-Exactive mass spectrometry could preliminarily illuminate the therapeutic mechanism of ZR and ZRC on DCHS and the changes in ZR processing from the molecular-level perspective. The results also provided new insight into further research on DCHS treatment.

Optimizing the Region for Evaluation of Global Gamma Analysis for Nasopharyngeal Cancer (NPC) Pretreatment IMRT QA by COMPASS: A Retrospective Study.

BackgroundThe global gamma passing rate is the most commonly used metric for patient-specific pretreatment quality assurance in radiation therapy. However, the optimal region for evaluation and specific action limits (ALs) need to be explored. Therefore, this study was carried out to explore the optimal region for evaluation of the global gamma passing rate and define ALs by using the COMPASS software.MethodsA total of 93 intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) patients, including 61 original plans and 32 multileaf collimator (MLC) error-introduced test plans, were selected for retrospective analysis. Firstly, the dose distribution was divided into six isodose regions (“≥10%”, “≥20%”, “≥30%”, “≥40%”, “≥50%”, and “≥60%”) based on the prescribed dose and one clinically oriented region for evaluation (“whole”) to perform the three-dimensional (3D) global gamma reanalysis. Meanwhile, the percentage gamma passing rate (%GP), mean gamma index (μGI) based on 3%/2 mm criteria, and percentage dose error (%DE) of the dose–volume histogram (DVH) metrics were recorded by COMPASS application. Secondly, the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between %GP and %DE and between μGI and %DE in different regions. Additionally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology was applied to quantify the fraction of patient-specific plans evaluated as “fail” and “pass”. In order to improve the correlation between gamma analysis result and clinical criteria, ROC analysis was carried out in accordance with hybridization analysis criteria (%DE ≤3%, %GP ≥90% and %DE ≤3%, μGI ≤0.6). ROC was performed for two purposes: 1) to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of %GP and μGI in different regions for evaluation and 2) to define the ALs of %GP and μGI in the optimal region for evaluation. Finally, the plans introduced with MLC errors were prepared for validation. Moreover, we also compared the positive rate of ALs of both %GP and μGI in detecting MLC error-introduced plans in different regions.Results1) In our study, a number of DVH-based metrics were found to be correlated with the evaluation parameters. The corresponding number was 4, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, and 3 in γwhole, γ10%, γ20%, γ30%, γ40%, γ50%, and γ60%, respectively, and 5, 3, 0, 1, 1, 4, and 2 in μGIwhole, μGI10%, μGI20%, μGI30%, μGI40%, μGI50%, and μGI60%, respectively. The results by COMPASS have revealed that the %DE of specific structures has a slightly higher correlation with both %GP and μGI of the “whole” region compared with that of any other region. However, it is a moderate correlation (0.5 ≤ |r| < 0.8). 2) The areas under the curves (AUCs) of γwhole, μGIwhole, μGI40%, μGI50%, and μGI60% were >0.7 based on 3%/2 mm criteria. According to the Youden coefficient, we defined the ALs of γwhole ≥92%, μGIwhole ≤0.36, μGI40% ≤0.43, and μGI60% ≤0.40 based on 3%/2 mm criteria. 3) In the validation, for original plans, the accuracy of ALγwhole, ALγ10%, ALμGIwhole, ALμGI40%, ALμGI50%, and ALμGI60% was 23%, 9.8%, 90%, 80.3%, 9.8%, and 88.5%, respectively. For test plans with systematic MLC errors smaller than 0.8 mm, the positive rates of ALγwhole, ALγ10%, ALμGIwhole, ALμGI40%, ALμGI50%, and ALμGI60% were 25%, 58%, 92%, 92%, 42%, and 100%, respectively. For the plans with systematic MLC errors higher than 0.8 mm, the positive rates of all AL%GP and ALμGI were 100%. From the COMPASS validation results, the accuracy of γwhole, μGIwhole, μGI40%, and μGI60% was higher than that of the conventional γ10% and commonly used μGI50%.ConclusionsCompared with the traditional evaluation region (i.e., the criteria with a threshold of 10% or a threshold of 50%, it was the same with the isodose regions of “≥10%”, “≥50%” based on the prescribed dose in our study), the “whole” region is more meaningful to the clinic by COMPASS. The accuracy of μGIwhole is higher than that of the conventional γ10% and the commonly used μGI50%.

Automated recognition of pain in cats

Facial expressions in non-human animals are closely linked to their internal affective states, with the majority of empirical work focusing on facial shape changes associated with pain. However, existing tools for facial expression analysis are prone to human subjectivity and bias, and in many cases also require special expertise and training. This paper presents the first comparative study of two different paths towards automatizing pain recognition in facial images of domestic short haired cats (n = 29), captured during ovariohysterectomy at different time points corresponding to varying intensities of pain. One approach is based on convolutional neural networks (ResNet50), while the other—on machine learning models based on geometric landmarks analysis inspired by species specific Facial Action Coding Systems (i.e. catFACS). Both types of approaches reach comparable accuracy of above 72%, indicating their potential usefulness as a basis for automating cat pain detection from images.

Melatonin mediates reactive oxygen species homeostasis via SlCV to regulate leaf senescence in tomato plants.

Melatonin (MT) functions in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and delaying plant senescence, thereby acting as an antioxidant; however, the molecular mechanism underlying the specific action of MT is unclear. Herein, we used the mutant plants carrying the MT decomposition gene melatonin 3-hydroxylase (M3H) in tomatoto elucidate the specific mechanism of action of MT. SlM3H-OE accelerated senescence by decreasing the content of endogenous MT in plants. SlM3H is a senescence-related gene that positively regulates aging. MT inhibited the expression of the senescence-related gene SlCV to scavenge ROS, induced stable chloroplast structure, and delayed leaf senescence. Simultaneously, MT weakened the interaction between SlCV and SlPsbO/SlCAT3, reduced ROS production in photosystem II, and promoted ROS elimination. In conclusion, MT regulates ROS homeostasis and delays leaf agingin tomato plants through SlCV expression modulation.

LANGUAGE AND VISION

Natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) are two of the most essential areas in the artificial intelligence field (AI). CV is a topic of study that looks into the methods for teaching computers to perceive and interpret digital stuff like images and movies. NLP (natural language processing) is a discipline of linguistics that allows computers to process, interpret, and even synthesise human language. With the advent and development of deep learning over the last decade, there has been a continual flow of innovation and breakthroughs that convincingly push the boundaries and improve the state-of-the-art in both vision and language modelling. An noteworthy point is that research in the two areas is beginning to interact, and many previous experiences have demonstrated that this is a good thing. In general, visual and language interactions have taken place in two dimensions: vision to language and language to vision. In the form of tags [Reference Yao, Mei, Ngo and Li1], answers [Reference Anderson2], captions [Reference Yao, Pan, Li, Qiu and Mei3–Reference Yao, Pan, Li and Mei5], and comments [Reference Li, Yao, Mei, Chao and Rui6], the former primarily recognises or describes the visual content with a set of individual words or a natural sentence. In visual content, a tag, for example, usually represents a specific object, action, or event. An answer is a statement made in response to a question concerning the facts portrayed in a photograph or video. A caption is a natural-language utterance (typically a sentence) that goes beyond tags or answers. The purpose of this programme is to convert text into an image or a video. For example, given a textual description of "this small bird has a short beak and dark stripe down the top, the wings are a mix of brown, white, and black," text-to-image synthesis' purpose is to create a bird image that fits all of the requirements. This study examines recent state-of-the-art AI advancements that improve both vision to language, particularly image/video captioning, and language to vision. Real-world deployments in both domains are also shown as good instances of how AI improves user engagement and transforms consumer experiences in industrial applications. The following is a breakdown of the remaining sections. Section II outlines the evolution of vision to language by laying out a quick road map of significant image/video captioning technologies, distilling a typical encoder–decoder structure, and summarising the results of a common benchmark. Further, the practical applications of vision to language are discussed. Section III describes the technological advances in language to vision in terms of various situations and generation methodologies, and then concludes with a summary Progress in language to image, language to video, and AI-powered applications is summarised. Finally, Section IV brings the paper to a close

Application of Network Information Technology in Physical Education and Training System under the Background of Big Data.

During the last two decades, rapid development in the network technology has been observed, particularly hardware, and the development of software technology has accelerated, resulting in the launch of a variety of novel products with a wide range of applications. Traditional sports training systems, on the other hand, have a single function and a complex operation that cannot be fully implemented in colleges and universities, causing China's sports training to stagnate for a long time. The goal of physical education and training is to teach a specific action to attain its maximum potential in a variety of ways. As a result, we should use the system to collect scientifically sound and trustworthy data to aid relevant staff in completing their training tasks. Therefore, in the context of big data, network information technology has become the main way to improve the physical education system. By applying cloud computing technology, machine vision technology, and 64-bit machine technology to the physical education training system, extract the video data of the physical education system, design the system video teaching process, and complete the construction of three-dimensional human model, so as to analyze the training situation of the trainers. In this paper, 30 basketball majors in a university are selected as the professional group and 30 computer majors as the control group. The average reaction time, scores, and expert scores of the two groups are analyzed. The results show that the test of the professional group is significantly higher than that of the amateur group. At the same time, the feedback results of students using physical education and training system and normal physical education teaching and training are compared and analyzed. One week later, the students trained by the physical education system have improved their thinking ability, movement accuracy, and judgment ability, indicating that the application of the physical education training system to the actual effect is ideal.

A Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Nimba Twak Kashaya Prakshalana In Kaphaja Yoni Vyapat w.s.r to Vulvo Vaginal Candidiasis (Candida Albicans)

Kaphaja Yoni Vyapat is described as a condition where symptoms like Picchila and Sheetala discharge from vagina occurs with Kandu, Mandaruja, Artava-dushti and Pandu. The symptoms of Kaphaja Yoni Vyapat mentioned in Ayurvedic literature appears similar to the clinical features of vulvo vaginal candidiasis. It is the second most common infection among women in reproductive age group with a single incidence of 75%, and two or more episodes in 45% of women. Candida albicans is responsible for 85% to 90% of the vaginal yeast infections. Here an attempt was done to screen, isolate and treat the diagnosed cases of Kaphaja Yoni Vyapat w.s.r to Candida albicans through Nimba Twak Kashaya &amp; Triphala Kashayaprakshalana. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Nimba Twak Kashaya Prakshalana and to compare it with Triphala Kashaya Prakshalana in Kaphaja Yoni Vyapat. 63.09% had complete relief from yoni Srava, 97.9% had complete relief from Yoni kandu, 100% had relief from Yoni vedana, 93.99% had complete relief from vulval rashes, 76.88% had normal vaginal pH, 95% had no candida in vaginal wet mount. Overall 88.23% showed improvement in Group A and 87.38% showed improvement in Group B. Nimba &amp; Triphala has Tikta and Kashaya rasa, Kaphahara, Krimighna, Kandughna and Grahi properties. It has anti-fungal &amp; anti-pruritic action also.Thus Prakshalana with above said drugs directly acted on the vaginal mucosa and enabled easier target specific action and did the inhibitory action against growth of candida albicans.

Effects of Temperature on the Bioenergetics of the Marine Protozoans Gyrodinium dominans and Oxyrrhis marina

We exposed Gyrodinium dominans and two strains of Oxyrrhis marina to temperatures well above (25°C) and below (12°C) their maintenance temperature (18°C) to study the mechanisms controlling the overall physiological response to thermal stress. As variables, we measured growth, ingestion, and respiration rates (this latter with and without food). The growth rates of O. marina strains plotted as a function of temperature showed maximum values at the maintenance temperature, as expected in a typical unimodal functional response. However, G. dominans showed similar growth rates at 12 and 18°C, and even a marked decrease in growth rates at 25°C, happened to be not significant. G. dominans ingestion rates were not significantly different at all temperatures (although apparently decreased at 25°C), whereas both O. marina strains showed higher ingestion rates at 18°C. The respiration rates of G. dominans were unaffected by temperature, but those of O. marina strains increased with temperature. The specific dynamic action (respiration increase produced by feeding activity) ranged from 2 to 20% of the daily carbon ingestion for all organisms investigated. The calculated energetic budget indicated that the responses to temperature were diverse, even between in strains of the same species. G. dominans maintained similar growth at all temperatures by balancing metabolic gains and losses. In O. marina strains, on the other hand, the decrease in growth rates at the lowest temperature was driven mainly by reduced ingestion rates. However, increased respiration seemed the primary factor affecting the decrease in growth rates at the highest temperature. These results are discussed in the light of previous studies and on its suitability to understand the response of wild organisms to fluctuations in temperature.

Formulation and evaluation of topical gel containing combination of dapsone and acetazolamide

The idea of innovation is to formulate a gel containing the combination of Dapsone and Acetazolamide for the treatment of Angioedema. Dapsone being a sulfone has antibacterial and antibiotic properties whereas Acetazolamide has a Diuretic property. So, a combination of these drugs helps to obtain a formulation with antibacterial, antibiotic and diuretic effect for the treatment of Angioedema. Various excipients such as a gelling agent, preservative, solubilizing agent etc. are used to form a stable and flawless gel formulation. The gel formulation prepared is used in the treatment of Angioedema that is a rapid oedema or swelling at specific areas such as face, genitals, hands, feet’s etc. The formulation has a comparatively greater effect for treatment of angioedema. Marketed formulations in treatment of angioedema have a specific action on the body such as antibiotic or diuretic whereas this new formulated gel has a combination of drugs that have a dual effect for the treatment of Angioedema. The swelling caused by the disease and the spread of infection is more effectively treated by this combination used in the gel formulation.

MEDICATION NON-ADHERENCE IN UNCONTROLLED HYPERTENSION: SELECTIVE DETECTION AND EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS OF A PROGRAM TO IMPROVE COMPLIANCE (ATHAN TRIAL)

Objective: To assess whether the implementation of a specific action plan to improve adherence for 3 months results in reduced peripheral 24h-systolic blood pressure (SBP) in patients with resistant hypertension (RH) or uncontrolled hypertension with at least 2 drugs. Design and method: Interventional, prospective, randomized, controlled, parallel groups, open study of patients consecutively attended in a specialized Hypertension Unit with ambulatory 24h-BP equal or more than 130 and/or 80mmHg although receiving at least 2 antihypertensive drugs. The partially or completely non-adherent patients (confirmed by determination of antihypertensive drugs in urine) were randomized (1: 1) to receive a specific program to improve adherence (intervention group) or routine follow-up (control group), with determination of antihypertensive drugs in urine, office-BP measurement and 24h-ambulatory BP monitoring at pre-randomization and 3 months. Results: Forty-three patients were randomized (mean age 59+/-14yr, 70% male). Mean+/-S.D. baseline SBP/DBP(mmHg) were 150.4+/-17.1 and 90.7+/-15.5, and the number of prescribed non-detected drugs in urine was 2+/-1.4. At 3 months, the variation of SBP-24 h for the intervention group and the control group was (mean[95%CI]) = -14.3 mmHg (-20.5 to -8.1), p &lt; 0.001 and -3.3 mmHg (-10.2 to 3.7), p = 0.339, respectively. See table. At 3 months, the variation of the number of non-detected antihypertensive drugs in urine was (mean[95%CI]) = -1.29 mmHg (-2.06 to -0.53), p = 0.002 and -0.53 mmHg (-1.26 to 0.2), p = 0.144, respectively. Conclusions: A specific nursing intervention to improve therapeutic adherence results in an improvement of BP control in patients with difficult-to-control hypertension and inadequate therapeutic compliance.

Research on China’s Pathways to Achieve Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals

Since September 22, 2020, President Xi Jinping, who is also the general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee, has reiterated China’s carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals on many major international occasions and at many important conferences of the CPC Central Committee. The transition to carbon neutrality is becoming a systemic revolution concerning whether China’s high-quality economic and social development and sustainable prosperity can be achieved. Incorporating carbon peaking and carbon neutrality well into overall economic and social development framework and ecological civilization construction, setting out the timetable, clarifying the roadmap, and proposing specific action plans have become a global concern. Through the analysis of international situations and China’s national strategies, and the application of Integrated Assessment Modeling Consortium (IAMC), this paper explores China’s pathways to carbon peaking and neutrality, and puts forward recommendations for high-quality development featuring low emissions.

Specific Aspects of the Economic Policy in the Conditions of the Covid-19 Pandemic

Abstract Covid-19 has hit the world intensely. From the medical point of view it seems that we have found the way to fight it, and the new task is to recover the economies. First of all, we need to assess the impact and specify the industries that suffered the most in order to create support packages. It is, as well, crutial to define the engines that are still able to drive the economies towards the recovery. The main aim for economic policy makers should be to flatten the curve of the recession that will occur, no doubts. During this process, it is of highest importance to balance the extent of the support government will provide for the economy. Namely, what we want is to lower the intensity of the impact by prolonging the effects of the crisis, however without increasing the debt too high. Specific action plans have to be created individually, with regards to particular economies and their determinants. For that reason, there is no pattern that policy makers could follow. Having in mind that Serbian public debt is already high, it is essential to carefully design the support packages, without jeopardizing future income.

중대재해처벌법 대응을 위한 건설현장 안전보건관리체계 범위에 관한 연구

A serious accident refers to an industrial accident in which the severity of the accident, such as death, is severe, or in which a large number of injured persons occur. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Act, a serious accident is defined as an accident in which one or more fatalities, two or more injured persons requiring treatment for 3 months or longer, or ten or more injured or occupational diseases occur simultaneously. The reason that the law distinguishes major disasters from general disasters and stipulates separate treatment procedures is to prevent recurrence of such disasters in the future in consideration of the severity of the damage. It should be understood that the Major Accident Punishment Act, which recently strengthened the responsibility of business owners and business managers for the occurrence of serious accidents, is for the prevention and recurrence of serious accidents rather than punishment for those responsible. As the Serious Accident Punishment Act came into effect on January 27, 2022, business owners and managers of businesses or workplaces that are actually controlled, operated, and managed have the duty to secure safety and health for workers. Here, the obligation to secure safety and health means to prevent serious industrial accidents by strengthening safety and health measures through the establishment of a safety and health management system. However, in the Serious Disaster Punishment Act, the specific scope and action plan for each project for the establishment of a safety and health management system are not presented, so preparations for and response to the enforcement of the law are insufficient. Therefore, the establishment of a safety and health management system (hereinafter referred to as the “safety and health management system”) at the workplace where a serious accident occurs is the key, and how to effectively and specifically establish and operate it is an important factor. However, in order to establish an effective and specific safety and health management system through the Serious Disaster Punishment Act and related instructions, it is difficult to respond to the law because the scope and direction of the safety and health management system are insufficient. In this study, for one month from November 18th to December 17th, 2021, 7 construction sites were inspected through three institutions: a health and safety diagnosis institution (Article 48 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act) and a construction accident prevention expert guidance institution. For a total of 12 sites including 5 civil engineering sites, 13 items were checked on the fulfillment of obligations in accordance with safety and health laws Therefore, this study draws on the scope of the safety and health management system at construction sites required by the Serious Disaster Punishment Act and the direction of effective system construction.

Dopaminergic metabolism is affected by intracerebral injection of Tb II-I isolated from Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom.

Tb II-I isolated from Tityus bahiensis venom causes epileptic-discharges when injected into the hippocampus of rats. The involvement of neurotransmitters in this activity was investigated. Our results demonstrated that Tb II-I increases the concentrations of dopamine metabolite but does not alter other neurotransmitters. Thus, dopaminergic system seems to be partially responsible for the convulsive process. Specific action on particular neurotransmitter can make this toxin a useful tool to better understand the functioning of the system.

Implantación de una unidad pediátrica de daño cerebral adquirido en fase subaguda en el sistema público de salud. Características epidemiológicas, clínicas y de evolución inicial de los pacientes atendidos

IntroductionAcquired brain injury (ABI) is defined as a neurological injury, acutely occurred, at some point in life causing impairment or loss of functional capacity. In 2019, a specific document was created by the Ombudsman pointing out the relevance of attention to this entity in the pediatric age. Patients and methodThe process of creation and the casuistry of care of one of the first comprehensive care units for subacute ACD in pediatric age within the public health system is presented. ResultsDifferent clinical guidelines have been prepared on the admission and care process within the unit, both for patients and their relatives. Twenty-four patients ≤18 years old, admitted to the subacute phase ACD unit from November 2019 to July 2021, 12 coming from the Community of Madrid, were attended. The median age was 6.97 years. Traumatic mechanism was the most frequent, with iatrogenic causes predominating, followed by precipitation and vehicle-related accidents. On admission to the unit, 8 maintained a minimally conscious/vegetative state. The collaboration of up to 14 different specialists was required due to the complexity of the patients. The overall evolution was favorable in 23 cases, with sequelae in all of them. ConclusionThe creation of units specialized in pediatric ACD care with specific action protocols and coordinated trans- and multidisciplinary work is of vital importance.