Product Species Research Articles

Water capture efficiency, use efficiency and productivity in sole cropping and intercropping of rapeseed, bean and corn

In order to evaluate water capture, use efficiency and productivity in sole and intercropping systems of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and corn (Zea mays L.), an experiment was conducted in two growing seasons of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 in research field of faculty of agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The experiment was conducted as a randomized complete block design with three replications and six treatments. Treatments included monoculture of rapeseed (sown 23 September), bean and corn (sown in 30 April) as sole cropping and also simultaneous double cropping of bean and corn (sown in 30 April), two stage relay intercropping of rapeseed (sown in 23 September) and corn (sown in 30 April) and finally three stage relay intercropping of rapeseed (sown in 23 September), bean (sown in 9 April) and corn (sown in 30 April). Intercropping combinations showed positive and significant (P≤0.01) effect on water capture efficiency compared with sole cropping treatments. Double cropping had the maximum value of this index as 0.56 mm/mm. There was superiority for double cropping in water use efficiency and productivity for species in treatments, also among treatments significantly (P≤0.01) because of its higher seed yield. The values of land equivalent ratio for intercropping combinations were more than one (LER>1). This confirmed that they used land more efficient compared to sole cropping treatments from viewpoint of resources use and yield production. Rapeseed sole cropping and double cropping showed the highest values of economic productivity of irrigation water (EP) as 3.95 and 2.53 Tooman per ha production income/Tooman per ha water expense, respectively. Totally, it seems that double cropping in most cases was superior to other treatments. Keywords: economic productivity of irrigation water (EP), fall sowing, land equivalent ratio (LER), seed yield.

Aspergillus niger pneumonia with fatal pulmonary oxalosis.

Metabolic products of Aspergillus species may play a significant role in the pulmonary destructive process. We describe a patient who died of respiratory failure, in whom postmortem examination revealed aspergilloma and numerous calcium oxalate crystals around the aspergilloma, as well as extensive consolidation areas. An-87-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and asbestos exposure was admitted to our hospital with fever and hemosputum. Chest radiograph on admission showed several small cavities in the right upper lung fields, but did not indicate the presence of a fungus ball. The patient was treated with several antibiotics, but his symptoms, and findings for inflammatory indicators and findings on chest radiographs deteriorated, and he died of respiratory failure 45 days after admission. Postmortem examination of the thoracic cavities showed marked involvement with extensive adhesions, fibrosis, caseation, and necrotic tissue. Aspergillus niger formed a mass in the right upper cavity and a localized invasion surrounding the cavity wall, but no organisms were detected in the left consolidation area. Numerous calcium oxalate crystals were found in the cavity wall, as well as an extensive consolidation area. We consider that oxalic acid produced by Aspergillus was the main cause of the patient's respiratory failure.

Unintended Cultivation, Shifting Baselines, and Conflict between Objectives for Fisheries and Conservation

The effects of fisheries on marine ecosystems, and their capacity to drive shifts in ecosystem states, have been widely documented. Less well appreciated is that some commercially valuable species respond positively to fishing-induced ecosystem change and can become important fisheries resources in modified ecosystems. Thus, the ecological effects of one fishery can unintentionally increase the abundance and productivity of other fished species (i.e., cultivate). We reviewed examples of this effect in the peer-reviewed literature. We found 2 underlying ecosystem drivers of the effect: trophic release of prey species when predators are overfished and habitat change. Key ecological, social, and economic conditions required for one fishery to unintentionally cultivate another include strong top-down control of prey by predators, the value of the new fishery, and the capacity of fishers to adapt to a new fishery. These unintended cultivation effects imply strong trade-offs between short-term fishery success and conservation efforts to restore ecosystems toward baseline conditions because goals for fisheries and conservation may be incompatible. Conflicts are likely to be exacerbated if fisheries baselines shift relative to conservation baselines and there is investment in the new fishery. However, in the long-term, restoration toward ecosystem baselines may often benefit both fishery and conservation goals. Unintended cultivation can be identified and predicted using a combination of time-series data, dietary studies, models of food webs, and socioeconomic data. Identifying unintended cultivation is necessary for management to set compatible goals for fisheries and conservation.

Nutritional characteristics of soils on an inferred chronosequence. A comment on Lalibertéet al. ()

Summary We question the reasoning of the authors who claim that their evidence strongly supports a long-term ecosystem development model in which phosphorus (P) is the factor that leads to the regression phase of the succession. Parent material, relief (topography and drainage) and climates (past and present) are key factors that were not considered sufficiently or critically. Their choice of P as the most important factor determining the direction of the succession overlooks other likely critical determinants of primary productivity on sandy soils such as the supply of water and nutrients other than P, particularly trace elements on calcareous soils. The use of crop species as phytometers to determine which nutrients were limiting the primary productivity of native species at each site inevitably raises significant problems of interpretation. Synthesis. The main problems with the paper (Laliberte et al. 2012) are (i) that the large differences in soil parent material between the dune systems and other factors make the sites of doubtful use for chronosequence work and, (ii) that errors arise in the discussion of nutritional characteristics because important literature has been overlooked. The paper exemplifies a larger problem where modern long-term chronosequence work tends increasingly to overlook the need for sites to be chosen which minimize changes in all the soil-forming factors other than time as expounded by Jenny (1941).

Using stable CNS isotopes to evaluate estuarine fisheries condition and health

Humans are modifying estuaries of the coastal zone and ecologists have begun measuring ecosystem responses in an attempt to preserve natural ecological conditions and health. Traditional approaches to assessing structural and functional responses of coastal systems include measures of species composition and water quality, but fisheries assessments are often left out because of the perception that fisheries species are too mobile and cannot easily be linked to local conditions. Stable isotopes have emerged as a new and useful way to understand movements and productivity of mobile shrimp and fish species across estuarine seascapes. Two case studies from Louisiana, USA, suggest that estuaries with healthy fishery food webs might be identified using isotope indicators that show low anthropogenic N inputs, strong benthic contributions, and moderate to high fisheries residency and productivity in marsh and mid- salinity areas.

Foreword to a Special Issue on the International Workshop on Climate and Oceanic Fisheries

As the human population approaches 7 billion and is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, there will be much more pressure to increase food production, especially oceanic fisheries resources, which in regions like the Pacific provide essential protein and contribute to livelihoods. However, oceanic fisheries resources are considered close to full exploitation worldwide. These existing pressures are aggravated by climate through, for example, increasing ocean temperatures and ocean acidification, which are altering ocean ecosystems. This will demand the development and implementation of appropriate methods to address issues of vulnerability of oceanic fisheries to climate. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its 4th Assessment Report has concluded that climate change and variability is likely to modify the productivity and distribution of oceanic fisheries, with serious consequences. The productivity of colder water species may be reduced in subtropical waters and the distribution of spawning areas and fisheries may be affected; their ability to extend their range further towards the poles or to deeper parts of the ocean is likely to be limited by the lack of availability of suitable habitat. The productivity of warmer water species may be enhanced in some subtropical waters and distribution of more tropical species may expand poleward. Increasing climate variability, together with the paucity of knowledge of climate change effects on regional fisheries, will make oceanic fisheries predictability and management more challenging. With this background, an International Workshop on Climate and Oceanic Fisheries was held in Rarotonga, Cook Islands from 3 to 5 October 2011. The event was jointly sponsored and organised by WMO, the Government of the Cook Islands, the Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research (APN), NOAA, the University of Auckland, the Australian Government (through CSIRO, the Bureau of Meteorology and AusAID) and the Secretariat Climatic Change (2013) 119:1–2 DOI 10.1007/s10584-012-0687-y

Vegetation and community changes of elm (Ulmus pumila) woodlands in Northeastern China in 1983–2011

Elm (Ulmus pumila), widely distributed in the north temperate zone, contributes to a special savanna-like woodland in typical grassland region in the northeastern China. This woodland performs a variety of ecological functions and environmental significance, such as decreasing soil erosion, stabilizing sand dunes, preserving species diversity. However, in the last approximate 30 years, the species composition, productivity and distribution area of elm woodland has decreased severely. A series of studies have been carried out to find out whether the climate changes or human disturbances caused the degradation of elm woodland and how these factors affected elm woodland. In this study, undisturbed, plowing and grazing elm woodland were investigated in 1983 and 2011 by using Point-Centered Quarter method. The relationship between vegetation changes and environmental factors was analyzed by Bray-Curtis ordination. The results show that in 2011, species diversity and understory productivity of undisturbed elm woodland decrease slightly compared to those of undisturbed elm woodland in 1983. However, nearly 60% of the species is lost in the plowing and grazing elm woodland relative to the species undisturbed elm woodland in 1983. Interestingly, plowing stimulates the growth of elm and certain understory species through furrowing soil and accelerating soil nutrient turnover rate. Grazing disturbance not only leads to species loss and productivity decrease, but also induces changes in elm growth (small, short and twisted). The mean age of the elm was 29 ± 2 yr in undisturbed and plowing elm woodland, while only 15 yr in the grazing elm woodland. The results of Bray-Curtis ordination analysis show that all sample stands clustered to three groups: Group I including the undisturbed sample stands of 83UE (undisturbed elm woodland in 1983) and 11UE (undisturbed elm woodland in 2011); Group II including sample stands of PE (elm woodland disturbed by plowing); Group III including samples stands of GE (elm woodland disturbed by grazing). The results indicate that the long time disturbance of the plowing and grazing have converted elm woodland to different community types. Climate change is not the primary reason causing the degradation of elm woodland, but plowing and grazing disturbance. Both plowing and grazing decrease the vegetation composition and species diversity. Grazing further decreases vegetation productivity and inhibits the growth of elm tree. Therefore, we suggest that reasonable plowing and exclusive grazing would be favorable for future regeneration of degraded elm woodland.

Direct and indirect associations between plant species richness and productivity in grasslands: regional differences preclude simple generalization of productivity-biodiversity relationships

Plant species richness of permanent grasslands has often been found to be significantly associated with productivity. Concentrations of nutrients in biomass can give further insight into these productivity- plant species richness relationships, e.g. by reflecting land use or soil characteristics. However, the consistency of such relationships across different regions has rarely been taken into account, which might significantly compromise our potential for generalization. We recorded plant species richness and measured above-ground biomass and concentrations of nutrients in biomass in 295 grasslands in three regions in Germany that differ in soil and climatic conditions. Structural equation modelling revealed that nutrient concentrations were mostly indirectly associated with plant species richness via biomass production. However, negative associations between the concentrations of different nutrients and biomass and plant species richness differed considerably among regions. While in two regions, more than 40% of the variation in plant species richness could be attributed to variation in biomass, K, P, and to some degree also N concentrations, in the third region only 15% of the variation could be explained in this way. Generally, highest plant species richness was recorded in grasslands where N and P were co-limiting plant growth, in contrast to N or K (co-) limitation. But again, this pattern was not recorded in the third region. While for two regions land-use intensity and especially the application of fertilizers are suggested to be the main drivers causing the observed negative associations with productivity, in the third region the little variance accounted for, low species richness and weak relationships implied that former intensive grassland management, ongoing mineralization of peat and fluctuating water levels in fen grasslands have overruled effects of current land-use intensity and productivity. Finally, we conclude that regional replication is of major importance for studies seeking general insights into productivity-diversity relationships.

Genome-wide expression profiles of contrasting inbred lines of Chinese cabbage, Chiifu and Kenshin, under temperature stress

Abiotic stresses such as extreme temperatures frequently limit plant growth and productivity of major crop species. To identify temperature-stress responsive genes in Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of two contrasting genotypes, the inbred lines Chiifu and Kenshin, under and heat-shock conditions. Of 23,929 unigenes deposited on a Br24K microarray, 17,603 genes were significantly expressed. Chiifu expression profiles were more prevalent under , and those of Kenshin were more prevalent under heat-shock. Previously characterized genes, with little exception, show similar changes to temperature stress. We found that a relatively large number of genes were expressed in response to temperature stress and genotype, amounting to 24 and 126 genes from and heat-shock conditions, respectively. These genes could be used in molecular marker development for either high or low temperature-resistant Brassica spp. Only ten genes, including TCH4 and CBL1, were up-regulated in both genotypes under all stress treatments, implying possible candidates for broad spectrum, stress-resistant crop production.

The pH Dependence of Product Ion Spectra Obtained from Precursor Ions with the Same Charge Number in ESI of Carbonic Anhydrase 2

The effect of solvent conditions, including pH, on product ion spectra obtained from precursor ions produced by electrospray ionization (ESI) was examined. Bovine carbonic anhydrase 2 was used as a model protein and the product ions generated by collision induced dissociation of the whole protein were measured under several different solvent conditions (pH 5.0, 3.7, and 0.1% HCOOH (pH 2.6)/MeCN (1/1)). The product ion spectra from precursor ions with the same charge number, the observed m/z values and the relative intensities of the product ions were similar. It therefore appears that the solvent conditions used have no effect on the product ion that is generated. On the other hand, different profiles of the product ion were obtained from precursor ions having different charge numbers. This indicates that the charge number of the precursor ion appears to be a major determinant of the product ion species and its relative intensity in product ion spectra of proteins.

The productivity of plum, apricot and cherry trees trained according to improved bush type of tree crown.

Increasing the productivity of the plum, apricot and cherry plantations and reducing the expenses for fruit production is the most current problem in the cultivation technology of these species. For this purpose, it has been studied a new tree crown form - improved bush. During a period of 7 years, there have been carried out the following investigations: evaluation of plantation productivity depending on the variety and crown form, determination of the bio construction parameters of the improved bush type of crown form and establishment of the method of tree cultivation. The obtained data show that the improved bush type of tree crown, due to the higher number of trees on a given surface, increases plantation productivity by 1,45 -2,0 times compared with the existing orchards. 97% of fruits of the apricot and cherry trees trained according to this type of crown form were distributed on the 1-year-old and 3-year-old branches. For the plum trees, the 4-year- old branches have a special importance as about 12,2 up to 14,6% of the total fruits were distributed on these branches. The productivity of plum and cherry species was higher when trees have been trained according to improved bush with 5 branches, while for apricot trees - with 4 branches. When pruning for fructification the trees trained according to improved bush, the semi-skeletal branches of apricot and cherry trees should be replaced with the 4-year-cycle and those of plum trees with the 4 or 5-year-cycle.

Geographic variation and adaptation to current and future climates of Callitropsis nootkatensis populations

Forty-one range-wide Callitropsis nootkatensis (D. Don) Orsted (syn. Chamaecyparis nootkatensis (D. Don) Spach) populations were tested at 12 geographically and ecologically diverse sites throughout British Columbia, Canada. There were significant region and population within region effects for 15-year height at most sites but not for adaptability, a binary trait combining survival and cold hardiness. Across-site analysis revealed significant site by population within region interaction for both traits. These interactions were less pronounced when just the core sites were analysed and without two southern disjunct populations. Based on a productivity index that combined height, survival, and cold hardiness, populations were adapted to broad temperature gradients compared with most temperate tree species and were relatively insensitive to moisture. Only the northern California population from the extreme southernmost part of the species’ range had consistent and significant adaptive differentiation, showing maladaptation characterized by severe cold damage and mortality at all test sites. Northern populations grew slowly but survived well. Productivity of this montane species is likely to increase in situ with projected warming across the range of tested sites. Transfer to sites warmer than the population origin increases productivity. Currently and in the long term, populations from the core of the species’ range can be widely transferred for reforestation with minimal risk of maladaptation, provided highly inbred sources from isolated, small populations and sites at risk for yellow cypress decline are avoided.

Effect of sampling scale on the relationship between species diversity and productivity in subalpine meadows

Effect of sampling scale on the relationship between species diversity and productivity in subalpine meadows

16. Transplantation of cryopreserved testicular germ cells in flatfish species: a useful technique for reproductive biotechnology

Cryopreservation of testicular germ cells plays an important role for biotechnology in fish reproduction. Cryopreserved spermatogonias can be transplanted between closely related species without losing the ability to differentiate in gametes into the host gonads. Due to this capacity, spermatogonia xenotransplantation is becoming a useful tool to produce surrogated broodstocks. These biotechnological practices can favour production for fish species that are not completely domesticated. The Senegalese sole ( Solea senegalensis ) is an important commercial species, nevertheless its reproduction in captivity still presents a challenge for researchers and farmers. On the contrary, turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus ) is one of the most produced flatfish species in European aquaculture and has a high potential to be a recipient species for xenotransplantation. Our main goal was to produce xenotransplanted turbot fish using cryopreserved spermatogonia from Senegalese sole. Vasa gene was cloned and used as a molecular marker for studying germ cell development in early stages of embryonic and larval development and in adult gonads by means of qPCR, in situ hybridization and inmunohistochemistry (vasa proteins). Testicular fragments obtained from young donors (12 months old) were cryopreserved in cryovials according to Cabrita et al. (Cryobiology 61 (2010) 405) in a portable N 2 -free controlled rate biofreezer (Asymptote EF600, Grant). Cell recovery, viability and DNA damage (comet assay) were assessed. To perform both inter and intraspecific transplantations, testes fragments obtained using the best cryopreservation protocol were thawed, dissociated, marked using PKH26 and successfully transplanted into recipient 6–20 DAH (days after hatch) Senegalese sole larvae and 18–42 DAH turbot larvae with no effects on the survival rate up to three weeks after microinjection. Previously several trials were performed to develop a method to deplete endogenous germ cells in recipient fish. Busulfan (40 mg/Kg) treated fish were depleted of germ cells since vasa expression decreased in gonads from female fish demonstrating to be a useful tool for recipients’ preparation. S . vasa qPCR expression demonstrated the presence of S. senegalensis cryopreserved germ cells into S. maximus larvae after 21 days post-transplantation.

Estimating primary productivity of marine macroalgae in East Antarctica using in situ fluorometry

Photosynthetic activity of marine macroalgae in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica, was measured in situ using submersible modulated fluorometers. An empirical relation incorporating terms for respiration and non-linear electron transport was derived from simultaneous in vivo measurements of effective quantum yield () and oxygen evolution. This relation was used with in situ measurements of and photosynthetic photon flux density acquired over 24-h periods to estimate oxygen evolution rates of algae over the course of the measurement period. Productivity ranged from −8 to 19 µmol O2 g−1 FW h−1 (FW = fresh weight), with daily carbon gain ranging from −1.5 to 3.6 mg C g−1 FW d−1 for midnight ice-covered algae and midday ice-free algae, respectively. These values were similar to published values of productivity of Antarctic species derived from oxygen- and carbon-based techniques. The technique described here provides a simple and rapid means of estimating primary productivity in marine systems.

Declining Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater) populations are associated with landscape-specific reductions in brood parasitism and increases in songbird productivity.

Many songbird species have experienced significant population declines, partly because of brood parasitism by the Brown-headed Cowbird (Molothrus ater), which is positively associated with increasing landscape forest cover in the midwestern United States. However, cowbirds are also experiencing long-term population declines, which should reduce parasitism pressure and thus increase productivity of host species. We used 20 years of nest monitoring data from five sites in Missouri across a gradient of landscape forest cover to assess temporal trends in the rate and intensity of brood parasitism for Acadian Flycatchers (Empidonax virescens), Indigo Buntings (Passerina cyanea), and Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis). We evaluated whether there were concomitant changes in fledging brood size, nest survival, a combination of the two metrics (i.e., host young produced per nest attempt), and whether such changes were more substantial with decreasing landscape forest cover. Parasitism rates and intensities declined substantially during 1991–2010. Fledging brood size and nest survival rates were positively associated with landscape forest cover, confirming the fragmentation hypothesis for Midwest forest birds. Declining parasitism rates were associated with increased fledging brood sizes, with more pronounced increases as landscape forest cover decreased. Nest survival increased insubstantially across time during laying and incubation, but not during the nestling stage. The best predictor of nest survival was parasitism status, with parasitized nests surviving at lower rates than unparasitized nests. Overall, productivity increased during 1991–2010, with more pronounced increases associated with lower levels of landscape forest cover. The negative effects of cowbirds on nest survival in addition to fledging brood size in less forested landscapes suggest that cowbirds may be a primary cause of forest fragmentation effects on songbird productivity in the Midwest. Our results underscore the dynamic nature of demographic parameters, which should be accounted for in predictive models of wildlife responses to future environmental conditions.

The moral footprint of animal products

Most ethical discussions about diet are focused on the justification of specific kinds of products rather than an individual assessment of the moral footprint of eating products of certain animal species. This way of thinking is represented in the typical division of four dietary attitudes. There are vegans, vegetarians, welfarists and ordinary meat-eaters. However, the common “all or nothing” discussions between meat-eaters, vegans and vegetarians bypass very important factors in assessing dietary habits. I argue that if we want to discover a properly assessed moral footprint of animal products, we should take into consideration not only life quality of animals during farming or violation of their rights—as is typically done—but, most of all, their body weight, life time in farms and time efficiency in animal products acquisition. Without these factors, an assessment of animal products is much too simplified. If we assume some easily accepted premises, we can justify a thesis that, regardless of the treatment of animals during farming and slaughtering, for example, eating chicken can be 163 times morally worse than eating beef, drinking milk can be 58 times morally better than eating eggs, and eating some types of fish can be even 501 times worse than eating beef. In order to justify such a thesis there is no need to reform common morality by, for example, criticizing its speciesism. The thesis that some animal products are much worse than others can be justified on common moral grounds.

Investigating the effects of different grazing ratios and stocking rate of cattle and goats under mixed-species grazing on different plant species

The study focused on investigating the effects of different grazing ratios and stocking rate of cattle and goats under mixed species grazing on different species of plant. The experimental site was Matopos Research Station farm in Zimbabwe. This study was confined to the commonest grass species and forbs at the experimental site. Treatments spanned a period of eight years; from 1999 to 2007. Generally, heavy goats stocking rate resulted in low productivity of browse biomass while heavy cattle stocking rate resulted in low herbaceous biomass productivity. The present results do not support existence of a linear relationship between herbaceous biomass productivity and annual rainfall. Rather, a quadratic relationship existed, suggesting that there might be other factors in addition to rainfall that accounted for biomass productivity. Grazing ratios and stocking rate of cattle and goats, year and their interactions affected the productivity of plant species in the rangeland. Finally, farmers are encouraged to practice mixed-species grazing at an optimal grazing ratio of 4 cattle and 36 goats per 20 ha of rangeland.

Ecological Risk Assessment for seabird interactions in Western and Central Pacific longline fisheries

The risk of seabird–fishery interactions in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) was examined by analysing the overlap of seabird distributions with tuna and swordfish pelagic longline fisheries managed by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC) and its constituent members. The study used spatially-explicit Productivity–Susceptibility Analysis (PSA). Key data inputs were species productivity, fishing effort, likelihood of capture and species density by region. The outputs tailored results to the needs of fisheries- and wildlife-managers, indicating areas of greatest risk of species interactions, species of greatest concern for population impacts, and the flags or fisheries most likely to contribute to the risk. Large albatross species were found to be most likely to suffer population effects when exposed to longline fishing activity, followed by the larger petrels from the genuses Procellaria, Macronectes and Pterodroma. A mixture of coastal states with nesting seabird populations in their Exclusive Economic Zones (New Zealand, Australia and United States of America), distant water fishing nations (Japan, Taiwan) and flags of convenience (Vanuatu) contributed 90% of the risk to seabird populations. Recommendations include enhancing the level of fisheries observer monitoring in areas indicated as high to medium risk for seabird interactions, and consideration of spatial management tools, such as more intensive or more stringent seabird bycatch mitigation requirements in high- to medium-risk areas. The methods used, and similar studies conducted in the Atlantic Ocean could lead to improved targeting of monitoring resources, and greater specificity in the needs for seabird-mitigation measures. This will assist in reducing seabird mortality in longline fishing operations and with more effective use of resources for fishery managers in both domestic fisheries and RFMOs.

Evaluation of antiinflammatory and antinociceptive effects of some Juniperus species growing in Turkey

Different parts and products of Juniperus species have been used as folk medicine for various infectious diseases, rheumatism, and wounds in Turkey. In order to evaluate this traditional usage, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of leaf and berry extracts of 3 Juniperus species (J. excelsa, J. foetidissima, and J. sabina) were investigated. Additionally, antiinflammatory and antinociceptive activities of subextracts of J. oxycedrus subsp. oxycedrus (Joso) berries and leaves were evaluated. The p-benzoquinone-induced writhing test for antinociceptive activity and the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model for antiinflammatory activity in mice were employed. Ethanol extract prepared from berries of J. foetidissima provided a significant antiinflammatory effect (26.9%) at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Moreover, the n-butanol subextract of Joso berry ethanol extract exhibited a promising antiinflammatory effect at 100 mg/kg. The same subextract displayed significant antinociceptive activity without inducing any gastric damage or apparent acute toxicity. Results demonstrated that the n-butanol subextract of Joso berries and the ethanol extract of J. foetidissima berries displayed remarkable antiinflammatory activity, and the n-butanol subextract of Joso also showed promising antinociceptive activity. Further studies are warranted to define and isolate the active compounds from these species to be used in the treatment of various inflammatory disorders.