Micromorphological characteristics provide important diagnostic criteria for differentiating plant groups and have thus been widely used to better understand the taxonomic significance of morphologically complex species. A comprehensive leaf and pistil micromorphological study of the Korean woodrush was performed using light and scanning electron microscopy to determine whether comparisons of these provide systematically informative traits. All six examined Korean Luzula species belonged to two subgenera, Luzula (L. capitata, L. multiflora and L. pallescens) and Pterodes (L. odaesanensis, L. rufescens and L. plumosa), and had hypostomatic leaves, with paracytic stomatal complexes found only on the abaxial surface. The epidermal surface could be divided into two types: verrcuate or scabrate on both abaxial and adaxial leaves. Guard cell length was an important trait for subgeneric identification in Korean Luzula, but highly variable among species, ranging from 23.02 μm in L. capitata to 63.75 μm in L. odaesanensis, in which the size variations might be influenced by different environmental conditions. The occurrence of abnormal stomatal complexes in the Korean Luzula species was reported here for the first time, which could be an adaptation to various environmental factors. We also report a detailed description of the pistil microstructure of Korean woodrush. Despite similar pistil surface ornamentation, the micromorphological features described in this study provide valuable information for developing further systematic context in the Korean Luzula species.