Verbascum Species Research Articles

The essential oil chemical composition of a rare ethnopharmacoligical plant: Verbascum creticum (L.) Cav

The genus Verbascum L, belonging to the Scrophulariaceae family, is native to Europe, Africa and Asia. The use of plants of this genus in the popular medicine has been largely reported. In the present study the chemical composition of the essential oil from aerial parts of Verbascum creticum (L.) Cav., a rare plant, never previously investigated, known for its anti-inflammatory properties of the intestinal mucosa and in the treatment of acute and chronic catarrhs, growing in Algeria, Baleares, Calabria, Sardinia, Sicily, Spain and Tunisia, was evaluated by GC-MS. The main components of its essential oil (Vc) were 1-octen-3-ol (23.9%), cis-3-hexen-1-ol (9.4%), phenylethanal (4.6%), and 2-methyl-benzofurane (4.6%). The comparison with all the other studied essential oils of genus Verbascum is discussed. Furthermore, a review of the use of the Verbascum species in the popular medicine has been carried out.

DNA barcoding of the genus Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae) in the Arabian Peninsula

AbstractVerbascum and Rhabdotosperma are members of the family Scrophulariaceae. The first genus comprises approximately 360 species from almost all parts of the world, while the second contains a total of 8 species from tropical Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Since 1977, the relationships between Verbascum and Rhabdotosperma continue to be contested. The present study aims to present the phylogenetic relationships and status among Verbascum species in the Arabian Peninsula. For phylogenetic analyses, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference were performed. In total, 236 DNA sequences from 59 specimens of Arabian Verbascum were analysed. The phylogenetic analysis of one nuclear (ITS) and three chloroplastic (rbcL, matK, trnL) markers confirmed the monophyly of Verbascum, including the genus Rhabdotosperma. In addition to presenting novel phylogenetic relationships among the different Verbascum species in the Arabian Peninsula, our study reduced the species count of Arabian Verbascum to 16. Moreover, the phylogenetic analysis strongly supports the reinstatement of the genus Rhabdotosperma into Verbascum based on the Bayesian and maximum parsimony analyses.

Evaluation of Verbascum flower extracts as a natural source of pigments with potential health benefits.

Crocins are bioactive glucosylated apocarotenoids that confer a yellow pigmentation. In addition to their coloring ability, crocins offer potential health benefits because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These compounds are present in the flowers and fruits of a few plant species, including saffron, gardenia, Buddleja and Verbascum species. Saffron extracts have been used for the formulation of functional foods. However, there is no evidence of the use of the other plants producing crocins in the food industry. This study evaluated the effect of the addition of ground dry flowers of two Verbascum species, with antioxidant activity, as well as dry fruit powder, from a recently engineered tomato plant producing fruits that accumulate high levels of crocins, as functional ingredients during the processing of rice, wheat cous-cous and maize noodles, providing a yellow pigmentation. Correlation analyses revealed that the increased antioxidant activity in the three food matrices was due to the presence of crocins, which showed no toxicity. Furthermore, in vitro digestion showed that crocins were more bioaccessible from rice than from cous-cous or maize noodles, inferring the importance of the food matrix in bio accessibility. The obtained results showed the commercial potential of Verbascum's flowers, as a source of crocins, natural pigments with antioxidant activities.

Особенности развития видов Verbascum в Центральной Якутии

The possibility of cultivating mullein species in Central Yakutia, which are relatively undemanding plants in terms of moisture, is of scientific and practical interest in order to determine their biological potential and the possibility of using them as ornamental and medicinal plants. The aim of the work is to identify the peculiarities of the developmental rhythms of some species of the genus Verbascum in the permafrost conditions of Central Yakutia. The objects of the study were 11 samples of the species V. chaixii subsp. austriacum, V. densiflorum, V. nigrum, V. nigrum subsp. abietinum, V. phoeniceum and V. thapsus. The material was obtained in the form of seeds in 2018–2021 from institutions in Russia, Denmark, Romania and Poland. The seeds of the first V. phoeniceum sample were sown in a greenhouse and the resulting seedlings were transplanted into the field collection. The remaining seeds were sown outdoors in the second half of September. The plants overwintered under the snow without any additional protection. Phenological phases in the conditions of Central Yakutia were 3–4 weeks later in the calendar than in Central Russia; the end of the growing season was limited by the onset of autumn frosts. The results of the introduction in Central Yakutia showed high resistance in culture of the species V. phoeniceum, V. nigrum, V. nigrum subsp. abietinum, V. chaixii subsp. austriacum and V. thapsus. When sown in the fall, plants of these species flower profusely in the second year and produce mature seeds, except for V. chaixii subsp. austriacum, which flowers profusely in the first year. These species are very decorative and can be recommended for inclusion in the range of ornamental herbaceous plants for Central Yakutia. V. thapsus is also promising as a medicinal plant. V. densiflorum plants developed as annuals without having time to form mature seeds. To use V. densiflorum as an ornamental or medicinal plant, a seedling period is required.

Determination of cytotoxic, antioxidant activities and LC/MS-MS profiles of three endemic Verbascum L. species

The Verbascum genus includes many species used in folk medicine or the treatment of various diseases. In this study, the cytotoxic, antioxidant activity, and LC/MS-MS profiles of three Verbascum species, which are endemic in Eskişehir and its surroundings, were investigated. The cytotoxic effects of methanol extract of V.detersile, V. eskisehirensis, and V.gypsicola species on the cervical (HeLa) and ovarian cancer (SKOV-3) cells were investigated using a colorimetric assay. The results indicated that cytotoxic effect was not observed after treatment of SKOV-3 cells with Verbascum. On the other hand, the cytotoxic activity of V. detersile was found to be 0.1910 mg/dL and 1.057 mg/dL for HeLa cells after 24 or 48 hours incubation with V.detersile, respectively. The antioxidant activity was determined as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) radical scavenging activity, trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC assay), and also the total phenolic content of the samples was found. Total phenols were estimated as Gallic acid equivalents (GAE), expressed as mg Gallic acid/in 1g extract previously described by Singletton. LC/MS profiles separation and detection of phytochemicals of the extract were performed on a Shimadzu UPLC system consisting of a vacuum degasser, an autosampler (SIL20A Shimadzu Autosampler), a binary pump (LC20AD Shimadzu), an oven (CTO20A Shimadzu Column Oven) and DAD dedector (SPD M20A Shimadzu DAD Detector). In terms of antioxidant activity, V. gypsicola was found to have the least antioxidant activity among the three extracts, which is also correlated with the total amount of phenolic content in its content. In this way, it differs from other species. V. detersile exhibits a different chemical profile from the other two species with the iridoid catalpol derivatives it contains. Apigenin pentoside is the only flavonoid molecule detected in V. detersille.

Anatomy, Pollen and Seed Morphology of Endemicspecies Verbascum Globiferumhub.-Mor. and V. Lysiosepalum Hub.-Mor. (Scrophulariaceae)In Diyarbakir, Turkey and Their Taxonomic Importance

Verbascum globiferumHub.-Mor. and V. lysiosepalum Hub.-Mor.are endemic to Turkey which is a center of endemism for Verbascum species. This study gives the anatomical, palynological and seed micromorphological features of V. globiferum and V. lysiosepalumwhich grow in Diyarbakır.The xylem elements occupy a large area in the root cross-sections of the species. In stem cross-sections, the upper part of the epidermis cells is surrounded by a separate cuticle layer and the pith region covers a large area. In the leaves, the main vein is shapped as collateral bundle. Pollen grains are tricolporate-tricolpate, oblate-spheroidal, and exine ornamentation is reticulate. Seeds are brown and oblong-ovate to prismatic and alveolate. The seed coat ornamentation is irregular with polygonal cells, with densely, distinct vesicles.The capsules are pubescent, covered with stellate and branched hairy or glandular hairs.The seed displayed that substantial taxonomic understanding can be acquired from examining the seed characteristics of Verbascum, particularly at the species level. Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 30(2): 201-212, 2023 (December)

Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin.

Crocins are glucosylated apocarotenoids present in flowers and fruits of a few plant species, including saffron, gardenia, and Buddleja. The biosynthesis of crocins in these plants has been unraveled, and the enzymes engineered for the production of crocins in heterologous systems. Mullein (Verbascum sp.) has been identified as a new source of crocins and picrocrocin. In this work, we have identified eight enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in two Verbascum species, V. giganteum and V. sinuatum. Four of them were homologous to the previously identified BdCCD4.1 and BdCCD4.3 from Buddleja, involved in the biosynthesis of crocins. These enzymes were analyzed for apocarotenogenic activity in bacteria and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus-driven system. Metabolic analyses of bacterial extracts and N. benthamiana leaves showed the efficient activity of these enzymes to produce crocins using β-carotene and zeaxanthin as substrates. Accumulations of 0.17% of crocins in N. benthamiana dry leaves were reached in only 2 weeks using a recombinant virus expressing VgCCD4.1, similar to the amounts previously produced using the canonical saffron CsCCD2L. The identification of these enzymes, which display a particularly broad substrate spectrum, opens new avenues for apocarotenoid biotechnological production.

Türkiye nadir Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn Ex Boiss. (Scrophulariaceae) anatomisi, palinolojisi ve tohum mikromorfolojisi

Verbascum racemiferum Boiss. & Hausskkn ex Boiss. is a member of the Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) genus known as "Sığırkuyruğu". It is an rare species that grows in Turkey which is a center of endemism for Verbascum species. In this study, the anatomical, palynological and seed micromorphological features of V. racemiferum, which is known to grow only in Mardin in the Southeastern Anatolia region, were investigated for the first time. In the root cross-section, the xylem elements occupy a considerable area. In the stem cross-section, the upper part of the epidermis cells is surrounded by a separate cuticle layer and the pith region covers a large area. The main vein of the leaf is shapped as collateral bundle. Idioblasts were observed in the leaves of V. racemiferum. Pollen grains of V. racemiferum are tricolporate-tricolpate, spheroidal; P/E ratio is 0.96 and exine ornamentation is reticulate. Seeds of V. racemiferum are brown and oblong-ovate to prismatic and alveolate. The apex is acute beak. The seed coat ornamentation is irregular polygonal cells, with densely and distinct vesicles. In addition, this study will be a reference to studies on the genus Verbascum.

A comparative study on chemical profiles and biological activities of different extracts of three Verbascum species from Turkey: In vitro, in silico and network pharmacological approaches

The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties of aerial part of Verbascum cheiranthifolium Boiss. V. myriocarpum Boiss. & Heldr. and V. pyroliforme (Boiss. & Heldr.) Kuntze as well as their chemical profiles. Results showed that MeOH and hydromethanol recovered the highest total polyphenolic content with highest content obtained from V. cheiranthifolium (27.61and 27.69 mg GAE/g respectively) and V. myriocarpum (24.24 and 25.34 GAE/g respectively). The estimated content of verbascoside was quite higher in V. cheiranthifolium (987.05–6780.07 mg/100 g) and V. myriocarpum (1506.47–6433.73 mg/100 g) than V. pyroliforme (49.54–121.97 mg/100 g). All extracts of V. cheiranthifolium (274.17–713.79 mg/100 g) and polar ones of V. myriocarpum (185.67–304.51 mg/100 g) accumulated higher chlorogenic acid content than V. pyroliforme extracts (36.33–112.56 mg/100 g). The latter species was dominated by luteolin-7-O-glucoside and apigenin-7-O-glucoside with highest content recorded from the hydromethanolic extract (639.70 and 196.14 mg/100 g respectively). Extracts of V. cheiranthifolium (46.15–48.74 mg TE/g) and V. myriocarpum (46.05–48.50 mg TE/g) exerted significantly higher scavenging activity than those from V. pyroliforme (12.77–34.64 mg TE/g). Highest significant anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was obtained by MeOH extract of V. pyroliforme (2.65 mg GALAE/g) and V. myriocarpum (2.57 mg GALAE/g). In conclusion, extracts from the three investigated Verbascum spp. can be a potential source of bioactive metabolites with interesting antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties.

Phenolic profile, chemical relationship and antioxidant activity of Iranian Verbascum species

Phenolic profile, chemical relationship and antioxidant activity of Iranian Verbascum species

In vitro antimikrobna aktivnost različitih ekstrakata Verbascum niveum

Introduction. Medicinal plants are the main ingredient of numerous medicines and pharmaceutical products, and antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated in a large number of medicinal plant extracts and essential oils. Considering that Verbascum L. species (mullein), officially approved by the European Medicines Agency, show antimicrobial properties, but also that there are species of this genus that have not been sufficiently studied, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of six different extracts of Verbascum niveum Ten. Material and methods. Antimicrobial bioassays were performed with one fungus (Candida albicans) and four bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis) by broth microdilution method according to the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. The results were expressed as the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of an extract (mg/ml) that prevents the visible growth of bacteria/fungi. Results. The MIC values ranged from 0.39 to 1.25 mg/ml. The strongest effect was obtained with the ethanolic extract of leaves against Staphylococcus aureus (0.39 mg/ml). Conclusion. Although Verbascum species are considered to be an excellent antimicrobial agent, according to our result, the tested extracts had modest antimicrobial activity.

The assessment of genetic diversity and population structure of Verbascum gypsicola by ISSR markers for conservation purposes

The habitats of many plant species are under severe threat, especially from human activities. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the genetic potential of endemic Verbascum gypsicola in Turkey. Samples were taken from 96 individuals belonging to four populations of V. gypsicola. While the percentage of polymorphic locus at the species level was 99.5%, the average percentage of polymorphic locus at the population level was 61.1%, the Nei gene diversity was H = 0.14; the Shannon information index was determined as I = 0.24. At the same time, the total genetic diversity of the species, genetic diversity within the populations, genetic diversity among populations and gene flow values between the populations were determined as HT = 0.14, HS = 0.13, GST = 0.11 and NM = 3.72, respectively. Within‐population variation was 81%, among‐population variation was 8% and interregional variation was 11% according to AMOVA. Results from STRUCTURE analyses revealed two major groupings of populations and some divergence within one of the major groupings. While the genetic diversity at the species level was high, the genetic diversity at the population level was found to be lower than observed for previously studied Verbascum species. The most important reason for this is thought to reductions in population size, driven by environmental damage.

Taxonomy, comparative genomics of Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae), with implications for the evolution of Verbascum and Lamiales

BackgroundThe genus Verbascum L. (Scrophulariaceae) is distributed in Africa, Europe, and parts of Asia, with the Mediterranean having the most species variety. Several researchers have already worked on the phylogenetic and taxonomic analysis of Verbascum by using ITS data and chloroplast genome fragments and have produced different conclusions. The taxonomy and phylogenetic relationships of this genus are unclear.ResultsThe complete plastomes (cp) lengths for V. chaixii, V. songaricum, V. phoeniceum, V. blattaria, V. sinaiticum, V. thapsus, and V. brevipedicellatum ranged from 153,014 to 153,481 bp. The cp coded 114 unique genes comprising of 80 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and 30 tRNA genes. We detected variations in the repeat structures, gene expansion on the inverted repeat, and single copy (IR/SC) boundary regions. The substitution rate analysis indicated that some genes were under purifying selection pressure. Phylogenetic analysis supported the sister relationship of (Lentibulariaceae + Acanthaceae + Bignoniaceae + Verbenaceae + Pedaliaceae) and (Lamiaceae + Phyrymaceae + Orobanchaceae + Paulowniaceae + Mazaceae) in Lamiales. Within Scrophulariaceae, Verbascum was sister to Scrophularia, while Buddleja formed a monophyletic clade from (Scrophularia + Verbascum) with high bootstrap support values. The relationship of the nine species within Verbascum was highly supported.ConclusionBased on the phylogenetic results, we proposed to reinstate the species status of V. brevipedicellatum (Engl.) Hub.-Mor. Additionally, three genera (Mazus, Lancea, and Dodartia) placed in the Phyrymaceae family formed a separate clade within Lamiaceae. The classification of the three genera was supported by previous studies. Thus, the current study also suggests the circumscription of these genera as documented previously to be reinstated. The divergence time of Lamiales was approximated to be 86.28 million years ago (Ma) (95% highest posterior density (HPD), 85.12–89.91 Ma). The complete plastomes sequence data of the Verbascum species will be important for understanding the Verbascum phylogenetic relationships and evolution in order Lamiales.

Verbascum birjandense and V. urumiense (Scrophulariaceae), two new endemic species for Flora of Iran

Verbascum birjandense and V. urumiense are described as new endemic species of Verbascum from eastern and northwestern Iran. It was not possible to assign the samples of these two taxa to any of the known Verbascum species in Iran and adjacent regions. Collating the morphological characters of the samples against the specialized and pertinent literature of the genus led us to propose them as new species. Both belong to section Bothrosperma, subsection Fasciculata. These new species are morphologically close to V. erianthum and V. songaricum based on some key characteristics, but show some differences in basal leaves shape, pedicel size, the ratio of pedicel to calyx, presence of hairs inside the corolla, and the hair color of the stamen’s filaments. Distribution map and details of important characters are also presented.

ON VERBASCUM (SCROPHULARIACEAE) IN ADVENTIVE FLORA OF THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST

Two new species of the genus Verbascum, V. densiflorum Bertol. and V. phlomoides L., are reported for the adventive flora of the Russian Far East. The differences of these species from V. thapsus L. are discussed. Information of the locations of the species Verbascum L. known in the Russian Far East is presented.

Searching for Scientific Explanations for the Uses of Spanish Folk Medicine: A Review on the Case of Mullein (Verbascum, Scrophulariaceae).

Verbascum species (common mullein) have been widely used in Spanish folk medicine to treat pathologies related to the musculature, skeleton, and circulatory, digestive, and respiratory systems, as well as to treat infectious diseases and organ-sense illnesses. These applications support the potential anti-inflammatory action of Verbascum phytochemicals. Based on the aforementioned facts, and following a deep bibliographic review of the chemical composition of the 10 species of Verbascum catalogued by the Spanish Inventory of Traditional Knowledge related to Biodiversity, we look for scientific evidences to correlate the traditional medical uses with the chemical components of these plants. To support these findings, in silico simulations were performed to investigate molecular interactions between Verbascum phytochemicals and cellular components. Most of common mullein traditional uses could rely on the anti-inflammatory action of phytochemicals, such as quercetin, and it could explain the employment of these plants to treat a wide range of diseases mediated by inflammatory processes such as respiratory diseases, otitis, arthrosis, and rheumatism among others.

Bioactive Compounds, Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Two Verbascum Species

Methanol, acetone and ethyl acetate extracts obtained from Verbascum pinnatifidum Vahl. and V. antinori Boiss. et Heldr were investigated for their bioactive composition, antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity was determined with Escherichia coli NRRL B-3704, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, Acinetobacter baumanii ATCC 19606), Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus haemolyticus ATCC 43252 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 by the disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal or fungicidal concentration and microplate biofilm method, respectively. Bioactive compounds analyses reveal the presence of coumarins, cardiac glycosides, quinones, flavanones. It was revealed that extracts of V. antinori has more antimicrobial activity than V. pinnatifidum extracts against test microorganisms. The lowest MIC value was recorded by V. pinnatifidum methanol extract against A. baumanii ATCC 19606 (0.3125 ± 0.01). Antibiofilm activities of three extracts of V. pinnatifidum and V. antinori have been showed an inhibition percentage range of 8.93 - 92.18% and 14.56 - 91.19%, respectively.

Three species of Verbascum L. from Northwest Anatolia of Turkey as a source of biological activities

Phytochemical constituents, and some biological activities i.e. antimutagenicity, DNA damage protecting, antioxidant, antibacterial and antibiofilm of ethanolic extracts of three Verbascum plants (Verbascum mucronatum Lam., V. bombyciferum Boiss., V. vacillans Murb.) were studied. This paper is the first comprehensive research on V. mucronatum, V. bombyciferum, V. vacillans biological activities. V. vacillans ethanol extract has been determined to be lowest plant for phytochemical contents. In 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity three plants extracts showed concentration-dependent antioxidant capacity higher than butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). V. mucronatum and V. bombyciferum extracts exhibited strong antimutagenic effect on Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. Verbascum extracts showed DNA damage protection potential in tested concentrations. However, the lowest concentration (0.5 M) of the V. bombyciferum species Form III were observed and almost completely disintegrate DNA in this concentration. Three Verbascum plants were showed strong antibacterial activities with inhibition zones at 9.0 – 19.0 mm and significant reduction in biofilm formation. It was observed that these plants are potential source of various biological activities.

Evaluation of chemical constituents and biological properties of two endemic Verbascum species

Members from the Verbascum genus are well appraised for their traditional uses against a variety of ailments including anti-inflammatory related disorders. This study thus attempts at validating the biological properties of two underexplored Verbascum members namely Verbascum euphraticum Benth. (V. euphraticum) and Verbascum oocarpum Murb. (V. oocarpum) in terms of their antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory activities. Concentration of specific bioactive compounds was also established and molecular dynamic analysis were conducted on amassed data. Results showed that total phenolic and total flavonoid contents were higher for the methanolic extract of V. oocarpum compared to the methanolic extract of V. euphraticum. Phytochemical quantification revealed that the extraction solvents influenced the phytochemical composition of the extracts. Derivatives of phenolic acids such as 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid together with some phenolic acids i.e., gallic, vanillic, caffeic, syringic, p-coumaric and ferulic acid, have been detected in the extracts of both Verbascum species. Methanolic extracts of V. euphraticum and V. oocarpum yielded the highest total content of monitored compounds resulting in 162.758 and 3716.861 μg/g of dried weight extract, respectively. The methanolic extracts of both plants showed highest antioxidant potential while the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts were potent inhibitors of cholinesterase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Molecular dynamic results indicated that vanillic acid is able to make strong interactions with copper ions of tyrosinase, resulting into an effective anti-tyrosinase activity. In light of the above, both Verbascum species could be considered for future phytopharmaceutical development.

An insight into Verbascum bombyciferum extracts: Different extraction methodologies, biological abilities and chemical profiles

The genus Verbascum, commonly known as "mullein", bears several species traditionally used to treat various infections, inflammations and wounds. In this study, extracts from V. bombyciferum, an endemic Verbascum species from Turkey, obtained by different solvents and extraction techniques, were investigated for their bioactive contents using spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) and evaluated for their antioxidant, as well as enzyme inhibitory potentials. While spectrophotometric determination revealed the homogenizer assisted extraction/methanolic extract to yield the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (41.80 ± 0.70 mg GAE/g and 39.44 ± 0.30 mg RE/g, respectively), the most significant total bioactive compounds (polyphenols) in the amount of 272.862 mg kg−1, established by HPLC-MS/MS analysis, was noted for the maceration/methanolic extract. Overall, the extracts showed varied antioxidant potency, displaying free radical scavenging ability (DPPH assay: 1.04–51.33 mg TE/g; ABTS assay: 80.04–85.60 mg TE/g), reducing power (CUPRAC: 51.48–183.26 mg TE/g; FRAP: 36.33–90.04 mg TE/g; metal chelating activity (18.48–19.80 mg EDTAE/g) and total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum assay: 0.78–1.92 mmol TE/g). However, extract of homogenizer assisted extraction/methanol exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in most assays. Only the maceration/methanolic extract inhibited all the studied enzymes (acetylcholinetserase: 2.02 ± 0.20 mg GALAE/g; butyrylcholinesterase: 4.57 ± 0.09 mg GALAE/g; tyrosinase 21.44 ± 3.41 mg KAE/g and amylase: 0.46 ± 0.01 mmol ACAE/g). This study is the first attempt to highlight the potential industrial applications of the endemic plant V. bombyciferum, as a natural source of bioactive compounds that could be considered for future development of phytopharmaceuticals, targeting specific oxidative stress-linked diseases including diabetes, skin hyperpigmentation, and neurological disorders.