Species Of Uromyces Research Articles

Rust fungi (Pucciniales) on Cyperaceae in Japan, with 2 new names, 5 new combinations and typifications

Rust fungi (Pucciniales) producing uredinial and/or telial stages on species of Cyperaceae in Japan are listed based on literature records. Host plants and distribution of 92 species (86 species of Puccinia, 5 species of Uromyces and 1 species of Uredo) are described. Among them two new names and five new combination names are proposed in accordance with the Shenzhen Code, ICNafp. Type specimens (neotypes, lectotypes, epitypes, paratypes) for 29 species are selected and designated. One hundred species of Cyperaceae (22.9% of species reported in Japan) including ten genera are recorded as their host plants of uredinial and/or telial stages. Spermogonial and aecial stages of 36 species are confirmed and 59 species of plants including 14 families 29 genera are also described as their hosts.

A Global Overview of Diversity and Phylogeny of the Rust Genus Uromyces.

Uromyces is the second-largest plant pathogenic rust genus, is responsible for numerous diseases, and has major effects on both agricultural and non-agricultural plants. The genus is generally characterized by its unicellular teliospores that help to characterize it and distinguish it from another important rust genus, Puccinia. In this study, a global overview of the diversity and distribution of Uromyces is presented based on both online and offline resources. The information obtained was analyzed for numerical and graphical summaries to provide the diversity and distribution of the genus by country and continent. Besides this, broad taxonomical aspects, a brief life cycle, and other comparative aspects on diversity and distribution were also provided. In addition, a phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS and nLSU DNA sequence data available in GenBank and published literature was performed to examine the intergeneric relationships of Uromyces. The results obtained revealed that the rust genus is found distributed over 150 countries, territories, and occupancies of the world on around 647 plant genera belonging to 95 plant families. Phylogenetic studies based on LSU and ITS sequence data revealed that Uromyces species are polyphyletic and require more DNA-based analyses for a better understanding of their taxonomic placement.

Uromyces rebeccae, sp. nov., a newly described rust on the federally endangered plant, California sea-blite (Suaeda californica)

ABSTRACT Rust disease was observed on populations of Suaeda californica near Morro Bay, California. The pathogen was identified as a species of Uromyces based on teliospore and urediniospore morphology and nuc 28S rDNA sequence analysis. The isolate was compared with previously described species of Uromyces that infect members of Chenopodiaceae, prompting a taxonomic reevaluation of Uromyces species on Suaeda. Herein, Uromyces rebeccae is described. It can be differentiated from the closely related U. chenopodii (syn.: Aecidium chenopodii-fruticosi; U. giganteus) based on host range, teliospore morphology, and 28S sequence data. The new combination, Uromyces chenopodii-fruticosi, is made for Aecidium chenopodii-fruticosi, the oldest name for Eurasian Suaeda rust. Finally, it was determined that U. giganteus likely does not occur in the United States and that the rust of S. taxifolia in the United States likely comprises a third, yet unnamed taxon, different from both U. rebeccae and U. chenopodii-fruticosi. This is the first record of a rust fungus on S. californica. An identification key for Uromyces species reported on Chenopodiaceae is provided.

Infection by Uromyces euphorbiae: a trigger for the sporulation of endophytic Colletotrichum truncatum on the common host Euphorbia hirta

The common weed Euphorbia hirta (Euphorbiaceae) grows widely across tropical and subtropical regions. In this study, plants infected by an Uromyces species displayed characteristic rust pustules delimited by a necrotic band with a reddish-brown border. Observation of leaf tissues revealed 74% of lesions encircled by a row of dark brown setose acervuli, present exclusively within the necrotic area. Acervuli were never observed in the absence of Uromyces pustules. Isolation from healthy leaf tissues revealed the fungus to be endophytic. Morphological and molecular characterization confirmed Uromyces euphorbiae as the pathogen and revealed both the endophyte and the pustule-associated fungus to be members of the Colletotrichum trucatum complex, representing the first record of this fungus on E. hirta. As understanding of the interaction between host plants, endophytes and phytopathogens is currently limited, this system constitutes a model for investigation of the physiological processes involved in this endophyte-biotrophic pathogen interaction.

Uromyces hawksworthii nom. nov. for Aecidium goyazense, on Phthirusa stelis (Loranthaceae) from the Brazilian Cerrado.

The sexual morph of Aecidium goyazense collected in the Brazilian Cerrado was morphologically characterized by light microscopy and SEM, and shown to be a species of Uromyces, for which the name Uromyces hawksworthii nom. nov. is introduced, and designated as its epitype. This is the second Uromyces species known to infect the tropical genus Phthirusa (Loranthaceae). DNA sequences were generated from the ITS and 28S rRNA (LSU) regions of DNA recovered from aeciospores as well as teliospores. This fungus is compared with other Uromyces species known from Loranthaceae.

Species of Uromyces (Pucciniales, Basidiomycota) on Loranthaceae

Two new species of Uromyces with reticulated teliospores are compared with nine species of this genus known from Loranthaceae. The new species Uromyces bahiensis from Brazil has smaller spores than all known species of Uromyces with reticulate teliospores on Loranthaceae. Uromyces struthanthi from Panama is characterized by long teliospore pedicels and spinose-echinulate aecidiospores. In addition, new details of ornamentation of aecidiospores and teliospores of known species are presented.

Effect of fruit and leaf exudates for the development of anthracnose and rust pathogens in uguressa

Anthracnose and rust are widely spread diseases in leaves, ripening and ripe fruits of uguressa ( Flacourta indica (Burmm.F). Merr) in Sri Lanka. An investigation carried out to determine the effect of fruit and leaf exudates for the development of anthracnose and rust pathogens in fruits and leaves of uguressa. The casual agent of anthracnose ( Colletotrichum gloeosporioides ) and rust ( Uromyces species) diseases were isolated and identified using morphological features of culture media, microscopic observations and Koch’s postulation. Exudates obtained from fruits of all maturity stages and leaves were separated into two fractions that are soluble in ether and water to investigate the effect fruit and leaf exudates for the differentiation of spores of both fungi. Conidia of C. gloeosporioides germinated and produced appressoria within 22 hours on fruit exudates of all maturity stages of uguressa fruits. The highest stimulation of conidia differentiation of C. gloeosporioides was observed in fruit exudates of ripe fruits which are highly susceptible for the anthracnose disease. Chemical substances found in both water soluble and ether soluble fractions enhanced conidia differentiation of C. gloeosporioides . Significantly highest lesion development of anthracnose found on ripe fruits compared to mature and immature fruits. Higher conidia differentiation of C. gloeosporioides was observed in original exudates of leaves compared to ether and water fractions. There was no effect of leaves and fruit exudates for germination on urediospores of Uromyces species. The study revealed uguressa fruits and leaf exudates have chemical substances to stimulate differentiation of spores of C. gloeosporioides and lesion development while there is no any chemical substances that stimulate the differentiation of Uromyces sp. Key words: Anthracnose; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Exudates; Flacourta indica ; Rust; Uromyces species DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jas.v6i2.3862 The Journal of Agricultural Sciences , 2011, vol .6, no 2, pp77-83

Species of the genus Uromyces (Basidiomycota: Pucciniales) from Leepa Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ and K), Pakistan

During a survey of rust fungi from Leepa Valley, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ and K), Pakistan, four species of Uromyces were found parasitizing four plant species. These include Uromyces appendiculatus on Vigna mungo, Uromyces capitatus onDesmodium elegans, Uromyces penniseti on Pennisetum lanatum and Uromycesvossiae on Phaselurus speciosus. Among these, U. appendiculatus is a new record for Pakistan, while U. capitatus, U. penniseti and U. vossiae represent new records for Leepa Valley, AJ and K, Pakistan. In addition, U. appendiculatus on Vigna mungois reported as new host from Pakistan. Keywords: Bean rust, Poaceae, Uromyces.

Histological and molecular studies of the non-host interaction between wheat and Uromyces fabae

Non-host resistance (NHR) confers plant species immunity against the majority of microbes. As an important crop, wheat can be damaged by several Puccinia species but is immune to all Uromyces species. Here, we studied the basis of NHR in wheat against the broad bean rust pathogen Uromyces fabae (Uf). In the wheat-Uf interaction, microscopic observations showed that urediospores germinated efficiently on wheat leaves. However, over 98% of the germ tubes failed to form appressoria over stomata. For the few that invaded through stomata, the majority of them failed to penetrate wheat mesophyll cells. At 96 hours after inoculation, less than 4% of the Uf infection units that had entered the mesophyll tissue formed haustoria. Attempted penetration by haustorium mother cells induced the thickening of cell wall and the formation of papillae in plant cells, which arrested the development or growth of Uf penetration pegs. For the Uf haustoria formed in wheat cells, they were encased in callose-like materials and did not elicit hypersensitive response. Localized accumulation of H(2)O(2) were observed in plant cell walls, papillae and encasement of haustoria during the wheat-Uf interaction. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR analysis showed that several genes involved in basal resistance and oxidative stress responses were up-regulated during Uf infection. In conclusion, our study revealed the cytological and molecular bases of NHR in wheat against the non-adapted rust fungus Uf, and highlighted the significance of papilla production in the prehaustorial NHR.

Phylogenetic Analysis of Uromyces Species Infecting Grain and Forage Legumes by Sequence analysis of Nuclear Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer Region

DNA sequence analysis of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was performed to determine phylogenetic relationship between 49 isolates of rusts infecting grain and forage legumes. Isolates were collected from different hosts and distinct geographic origins and represent eight species of Uromyces: U. anthyllidis, U. appendiculatus, U. ciceris-arietini, U. minor, U. pisi, U. striatus, U. viciae-fabae and U. vignae. ITS sequences revealed length polymorphisms and variation in DNA sequence that were used to characterize phylogenetic relationships by maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses which in general agreed revealing the presence of four clearly distinct clades. Clade one included the isolates causing rust on chickpea, fenugreek and alfalfa. Clade two was composed by rust isolates of field clover and pea plants, while the third clade was formed by bean and cowpea isolates. Clade four was the largest and included all the rust isolates infecting faba bean. Within this clade, the highly supported subclusters of U. viciae-fabae collected on Lens culinaris, U. viciae-fabae collected on Vicia sativa and U. viciae-fabae collected on Lathyrus palustris suggest an ongoing process of host specialization.

Uromyces umiamensis, a new rust species on Momordica cochinchinensis in India

Uromyces umiamensis is described as a new rust fungus (Basidiomycota, Uredinales) of Momordica cochinchinensis (Cucurbitaceae) from Meghalaya, in northeastern India. The species differs from the known Uromyces species on members of Cucurbitaceae in terms of the character of the teliospores and aeciospores and its apparently demicyclic life cycle. Besides U. yakushimensis and the present species, all Uromyces species known from cucurbits occur in the New World. A key to known Uromyces species on Cucurbitaceae is provided.

Coevolution with higher taxonomic host groups within the Puccinia/Uromyces rust lineage obscured by host jumps

Partial ß-tubulin 1 sequence data were obtained for 80 taxa of Pucciniaceae, with hosts from 33 angiosperm families, covering all major ordinal groups in the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification. As in previous studies, most species of Puccinia and Uromyces fell into two main clades (I and II), with P. glechomatis and P. psidii excluded from Pucciniaceae. Results suggest two processes; a coevolution of and hosts in each clade, as well as associated frequent jumps to ecologically close, but taxonomically distant, hosts. Clade I contained all rusts on Cyperaceae and Juncaceae, and most rusts on host orders from rosids to euasterids II. Clade II contained all rusts on Poaceae, and most on host orders from monocots to core eudicots. In both main clades, several well-supported subclades were identified. The grouping in clade I, subclade E of rusts of Cyperaceae and Asteraceae and, in particular, of an Australian isolate of P. dioicae with rusts on Australian families of Asterales, suggested a local radiation, and supported the coevolutionary relationship between rusts on these two families seen with a different range of asteraceous rusts in the Northern Hemisphere. In clade I, two clades contained only rusts of Asteraceae and Fabaceae, respectively, and in clade II, subclade F contained only rusts of pooid hosts. Rusts on non-pooid hosts were separated from them in subclade G. Other subclades contained a range of rusts on distantly related angiosperm families. Urediniospore morphology was often, but not always, correlated with the molecular phylogeny. Most rusts with urediniospores having few (1–5) equatorial germ pores were in clade I, whereas most with spores having several (5–14) scattered pores were in clade II. The distribution of telial host families on the ß-tubulin rust phylogeny was not random. Aecial hosts of heteroecious rusts played an important role in the evolutionary process. Possible examples of host jumps were seen in rusts on Geraniaceae, Polygonaceae, and Apiaceae. Despite such jumps obscuring past host associations, possible ancestral hosts were identified by the pattern of host distribution at higher taxonomic levels along the ß-tubulin phylogeny. Results suggest that clade I diverged with Cyperaceae, Juncaceae, and the more advanced core eudicot orders (rosids and asterids), whereas clade II diversified with earlier angiosperm groups, such as monocots, Poaceae, and Ranunculales. Qualified support was given to the hypothesis that rusts can reveal taxonomic relationships between their hosts, at genus, family, and ordinal levels.

Genetic Variation Among and Within Uromyces Species Infecting Legumes

AbstractGenetic variation of 30 different Uromyces isolates collected on faba bean, lentil, common vetch, pea, chickpea, alfalfa, cowpea and lupin was studied. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers were used showing clear differences among Uromyces species. Uromyces viciae‐fabae isolates clustered according to the host, with a clear cluster including all U. viciae‐fabae ex Vicia faba isolates. The U. viciae‐fabae ex Lens culinaris isolate was the nearest to the cluster of U. viciae faba ex V. faba isolates, followed by U. pisi from Canada and U. viciae‐fabae ex V. sativa. No association was found among molecular diversity and virulence or geographic origin within U. vicia‐fabae ex V. faba isolates. Among the three U. pisi isolates considered, a great variability was observed and no grouping could be established. The most different isolate from the rest of species considered was U. striatus, followed by U. vignae. The two U. ciceris‐arietini isolates clustered together and so did the two U. lupinicolus isolates.

Evolutionary relationships among species of Puccinia and Uromyces ( Pucciniaceae, Uredinales) inferred from partial protein coding gene phylogenies

The two rust genera with the largest number of species are Puccinia Pers. ex Pers. and Uromyces (Link) Unger in the family Pucciniaceae ( Uredinales). The hosts of these pathogens include representatives from almost all major angiosperm orders. Despite their ecological and economic importance, the status of Puccinia and Uromyces as distinct genera has been disputed, and little is known about relationships within and among these groups. Here we present phylogenetic analyses based on sequence data from the translation elongation factor 1α gene for over 60 species in the family Pucciniaceae. In particular, we investigate evolutionary relationships between Puccinia and Uromyces. A relatively smaller phylogeny using the beta-tubulin 1 gene was generated to test support for this phylogeny. Two main phylogenetic clades were identified and indicate at least two radiations within the Pucciniaceae. As expected neither Puccinia s. lat. nor Uromyces s. lat. are supported as monophyletic groups by either of the protein coding genes. However, both Puccinia sensu stricto (type P. graminis), and Uromyces sensu stricto (type U. appendiculatus) constitute distinct clades. In general, members of Uromyces spp. occurred scattered throughout the phylogeny suggesting that they represent more recent radiations. Several host families are found in both of the two main clades while two families, Poaceae and Cyperaceae, are separated, with one in each of the two main clades.

Infection Structures of Host-Specialized Isolates of Uromyces viciae-fabae and of Other Species of Uromyces Infecting Leguminous Crops

A study was made of the morphology of urediniospores and primary infection structures of 12 isolates of six legume-infecting species of Uromyces. Infection structures were sufficient to distinguish among species. Isolates of Uromyces viciae-fabae proved to be specialized with respect to host, because each isolate infected only cultivars of the species from which it was collected. Host-specialized isolates of U. viciae-fabae also were morphologically distinct, differing in both spore dimensions and infection structure morphology. In particular, the shape and dimensions of the substomatal vesicle were distinctive. These results support the view that U. viciae-fabae sensu lato is a species complex.

Fungos da família Pucciniaceae causadores de ferrugem em plantas medicinais

Por meio do estudo de estruturas fúngicas ao microscópio estereoscópico e ótico e de uma caracterização em detalhes, inclusive com micrografias, foi possível identificar cinco espécies de fungos causadores de ferrugens da família Pucciniaceae associadas com sete espécies vegetais medicinais do horto Ervas & Matos da Universidade Federal de Lavras, em Minas Gerais (21º14' - latitude sul; 45º00' - longitude oeste). As espécies de ferrugem e seus respectivos hospedeiros foram: Puccinia lantanae em Lippia alba; P. leonotidicola em Leonotis nepetaefolia; P. menthae em Mentha spp. e M. arvensis; P. porophylli em Porophyllum ruderale; e Uromyces platensis sobre Pfaffia glomerata

Espécies de Uromyces em leguminosas do Cerrado com descrição de U. galactiae sp. nov.

Foram estudadas cinco espécies de Uromyces sobre Bauhinia spp. e uma espécie nova em Galactia peduncularis. Uromyces bauhiniae foi encontrada pela primeira vez sobre B. holophylla, onde somente Uromyces floralis havia sido descrita. Uromyces floralis foi estudada sobre B. curvula, hospedeiro inédito no Brasil para esta espécie. Uromyces foveolatus, comum em B. acuruana var. nitida, no cerrado do Mato Grosso e U. goyazensis sobre B. dumosa var. viscidula foram encontradas somente na fase telial em todas as exsicatas examinadas. Uromyces viegasii foi estudada em B. forficata. Uromyces galactiae sp. nov. é o primeiro fungo fitopatogênico associado ao gênero Galactia.

A new species of rust fungus, Uromyces strumariae (Uredinales: Pucciniaceae), on Strumaria gemmata (Amaryllidaceae) from the Western Cape, South Africa

A new autoecious, macrocyclic, species of rust fungus, Uromyces strumariae, is described from Strumaria gemmata (Amaryllidaceae). The new species is readily distinguished from U. badius, the only other Uromyces species known to attack members of the Amaryllidaceae in South Africa, by its telia which develop separately from the uredinia (the uredinia become telia in U. badius), and the presence of paraphyses in the telia (absent in U. badius). It is currently known only from De Hoop Nature Reserve at the western most edge of its host's distribution, in the winter rainfall region of South Africa. Furthermore, U. badius has also recently been collected on H. pubescens L.f. subsp. pubescens, representing a new host record.

Interspecific transfer of pycnial nectar induces pycniospore caps in rust fungi in a manner related to mating type within species

Pycnial nectar of one mating type is known to induce cap formation on pycniospores of opposite mating type within several species of Puccinia and Uromyces. To learn if caps are induced by nectar transfers between species, we used interspecific pairings involving six species of Puccinia and three of Uromyces. Overall, caps were induced in 14 pairings between different species involving all tested species, except Puccinia helianthi which has no intraspecific cap induction. Nectar (with pycniospores) exchanged in reciprocal transfers between individual pycnial clusters of two different species gave pycniospore caps in nine of 16 cluster pairings, comparable to rates within species. Spore-free nectar combined from five or more pycnial clusters of one species (to ensure that nectar of two mating types was present) usually induced caps in pycniospores from single pycnial clusters of a second species. This occurred in all tested pairings of species except pairings involving P. helianthi. In experiments with pycniospore-free nectar of one capping type specificity from P. recondita, caps were induced in about 50% of pycnial clusters of unknown capping type from P. triticina or P. hordei and only in pycnial clusters of one capping type from P. triticina or P. reichertii in experiments in which type within species was determined. Coupled with the fact that capping type specificity and mating types are coincident within species, the results indicate that mating type-specific induction of pycniospore caps by nectar extends across species boundaries. Although aecia were never produced in interspecific pairings, cap induction occurred as it does in intraspecific pairings where it precedes aecium formation in species exhibiting the capping phenomenon.

Rust fungi of New Zealand—An introduction, and list of recorded species

An overview of the rust fungi (Basidiomycota, Teliomycetes, Uredinales) is presented as an introduction towards a new rust myco‐flora for New Zealand. All species recorded from New Zealand are listed, together with details on their host plants, a reference to the first New Zealand record of each unique rust/host combination, and a separate alphabetical list of host plants and the rust fungi which parasitise them. New Zealand has a depauperate rust flora consisting of 234 recorded species, of which 54% are native. Of 22 genera recorded from New Zealand only five genera (Hamaspora, Kuehneola, Phragmidium, Puccinia, Uromyces) and three form genera (Aecidium, Caeoma, Uredo) contain native species. Only five genera (Phragmidium, Melampsora, Puccinia, Uromyces, Uromycladium) and two form genera (Aecidium, Uredo) are represented by more than two species. Melampsora contains mainly adventive species; approximately half of the Phragmidium, Puccinia, and Uromyces species and all the Uromycladium species are adventive. Some 95% of the Uredo species and all the Aecidium species are native. Only eight native rusts have spread to exotic hosts; Uredo puawhananga commonly infects some exotic, cultivated Clematis species, while Puccinia lagenophorae is sometimes troublesome on cultivars of Bellis perennis. None of the 17 exotic rusts infecting native plants is of economic or conservation concern.The widespread rusts in New Zealand are often adventive species. Only 5% of adventive rusts are confined to the South Island, but 30% are confined to the North Island. This inequity probably reflects the warmer conditions in the north, and the fact that adventive species are often of tropical origin. Of the native species, 34% occur only in the South Island and just 14% are restricted to the North Island. Since 1945, on average, more than one new adventive rust has been found per year. Most of them are of northern temperate origin, but often considered to be introduced from Australia by trans‐Tasman airflows.