Species Of Parasitic Worms Research Articles

Helminthes from juveniles of pacific salmons (Oncorhynchus) at the continental coast of the northern Okhotsk Sea

Fauna of helminthes and feeding of pacific salmon (pink, chum, and coho) juveniles at the continental coast of the northern Okhotsk Sea are considered both for freshwater and early marine stages of their life. Possible conditions of the parasitic worms invasion are discussed. In total, 17 species of parasitic worms are found in salmon juveniles including cestodes (2 species), trematodes (8), nematodes (4), and acanthocephalans (3). The trematodes Brachyphallus crenatus and Pronoprymna petrowi have the highest values of infestation. The helminthes are mainly the representatives of freshwater ecological group (10 species are found in fresh waters and 8 species in estuaries), only 6 species represent the marine ecological group. One marine species ( Hysterothylacium gadi aduncum ) is found in estuarine coho juvenile and one freshwater species ( Diplostomum sp., met.) is found in marine coho juvenile.

Korigující poznámky k taxonomickému postavení cizopasných červů rodu Apodemus (myšice, hlodavci) v České republice

Since 1955 as yet in the territory of the Czech Republic in 4 species of the genusApodemus(namelyA. flavicollis,A. sylvaticus,A. micropsandA. agrarius), 49 species of parasitic worms were registered in total. At their revision, comparing with the modern literature from the last five decades, the author has approached to several corrections. Subjects are, first of all, several opinions on the species from the generaPlagiorchis,Echinostoma,Aprostatandrya,Catenotaenia,Hymenolepis,Syphacia,Heligmosomum,Heligmosomoides,GanguleterakisandAonchotheca. Of highly characteristic helminths parasitizingApodemusspp. in Czech Republic, they are from the classTrematoda:Brachylaemus recurvus; from the classCestoda:Paranoplocephala omphalodes,Skrjabinotaenia lobata,Catenotaeniasp.,Hymenolepis straminea; from the classNematoda:Syphacia stroma,S. frederici,S. agraria,Heligmosomum pseudocostellatum,Heligmosomoides polygyrus,Aonchotheca murissylvatici,Calodium hepaticum,Trichocephalus muris; from the classAcanthocephala:Moniliformis moniliformis. A number of species has to be verified, in a future, by methods of molecular biology.

Seabird helminth fauna and parasite life cycles on the Murman coast of the Barents Sea in winter.

In winter, helminthes circulating throughout the coastal ecosystems of northern seas have to overcome significant difficulties in order to complete their life cycles. Unfavorable temperature conditions partly or completely suppress the activity and viability of the freeliving stage of parasi tes and trophic interactions between the intermediate and final hosts, since many fish species migrate into depths, the migratory birds and mammals are moving away, and many inverte� brates of the coastal complex are falling into winter anabiosis. The annual circulation of helminthes is therefore believed to be limited to a rather short time interval, the socalled "transmission window." Nevertheless, parasitological studies conducted on the Murman coast have revealed significant diversity of the helminth fauna in birds spending winter in this region, while the parameters of invasion by with some parasite species proved to be even higher than in summer periods. To identify the main adaptive mechanisms respon� sible for successful helminth circulation in winter on the Barents coast, the following three marine bird spe� cies wintering on Murman were used to study species composition of parasitic helminth fauna: the glaucous gull ( Larus hyperboreus Gunn., 8 specimens were examined in February-March 2006-2007 in the Kola Bay middle elbow); the common eider duck (Somate� ria mollissima L., 8 specimens were examined in Janu� ary-February 1994 and 1999 in vicinity of the Dal'nie Zelentsy settlement); and the purple sandpiper (Calid� ris maritima Brunn., 23 specimens were examined in February 1994 and 2011 in the Yarnyshnaya Bay). Bird autopsy, searching and fixation of helminthes, making the preparations, and identification of parasite species were performed using standart methods. The quantita� tive parameters, such as bird invasion, i.e., extensive� ness and intensity of invasion (EI and II, respectively), and abundance index (AI) were determined from the results of helminth identification and calculations. The pathways of helminth circulation in winter were also studied, as well as the biology and ecology of the intermediate and final hosts. In the course of this study, 44 helminth species were identified in the birds wintering in coastal Murman (18 trematode, 20 cestode, 3 nematode, and 3 acan� thocephalan species). The helminth fauna of the com� mon eider duck includes 16 parasitic worm species; those of the glaucous gull and purple sandpiper include 11 and 20 species, respectively. The composi� tion of the helminth fauna is shown in the table.

Soil Contamination with Canine Intestinal Parasites Eggs in the Parks and Shelter Dogs from Bucharest Area

Soil-transmitted helminthes infections are caused by different species of parasitic worms. They are transmitted by eggs or larvae present in dog faeces, which contaminate the soil. The presence of infective parasitic elements in the environment represents an important way of transmission of intestinally nematodes from dog to human and other animals. They can become infected by accidental ingestion of the infective elements or cutaneous contact with contaminated soil. The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of contamination with canine intestinal worms of the soil from different parks in Bucharest and a dog's shelter outside of town. A total of 45 soil samples were collected from 4 dog playpens (from which 3 fenced and 1 unfenced), 4 playgrounds and one shelter dogs. Helminthes eggs were found in 22.22% of the soil samples. Positive samples for at least one parasite have found in 1 (the unfenced once), 4 playpens, 3/4 playground and 1/1 shelter dogs. The most frequently parasites species found in the examinated soil samples were Toxocara spp. (17.17%), followed by Trichuris spp. (8.88%), Strongyloides spp. and Toxascaris spp., each one with 4.44%. 8.88% had only one kind of eggs, and two parasites mixt were found in 13.33%. This study has shown that Toxocara spp. were the main species of canine intestinally parasites in the soil samples, representing a major zoonotic risk for human.

Molluscicidal Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Selected Medicinal Plants from Makueni County, Kenya

Schistosomiasis (also known as Bilharzia) is a disease caused by species of parasitic worms or helminths of the genus Schistosoma. It continues to be a serious worldwide public health problem. The pathological changes in schistosome infestations are caused mainly by the deposition of the eggs into various tissues and organs where granulomas or pseudo tubercles are formed around them. Schistosomes and their intermediate snail hosts are integral parts of the freshwater aquatic environments in which they are found. Biomphalaria and Bulinus are the two primary genera of snails capable of harbouring infections with Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium. Some of the methods of controlling of schistosomiasis include: control of snails, public health education, sanitation, and community-based chemotherapy employing praziquantel. No single method, regardless of location, has been shown to work because of the large number of environmental variables involved in the parasitic transmission. Some of the control programmes have been those that include some method of curbing transmission, including mollusciciding. The objective of this study was to bioscreen aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants identified using ethnobotanical information gathered from traditional healers for molluscicidal activity. Molluscicidal activity was assessed by determining the ability of various concentrations of the aqueous plant extracts to kill adult Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Of the five plant extracts, only the aqueous extracts of Aloe secundiflora, Aspilia pluriseta, Balanites aegyptiaca, Azadirachta indica and Amaranthus hybridus showed molluscicidal activity. This study has established that five plants, that is, Aloe secundiflora, Aspilia pluriseta, Balanites aegyptiaca, Azadirachta indica and Amaranthus hybridus have molluscicidal activity and recommends that toxicity studies be conducted to establish their safety in bilharzia control.

Taxonomický status několika sibling species - parazitů člověka a jiných obratlovců

The taxonomic status of several related species pairs of sibling species character is discussed. They are the following pairs: 1)Ascaris lumbricoidesL., 1758;A. suum Goeze, 1782; 2)Rodentolepis nana(Siebold, 1852);R. fraterna(Stiles, 1906); 3)Hymenolepis flavopunctata(Weinland, 1858);H. diminuta(Rudolphi, 1819).

Comparing fragmentation spectra from two parasitic worm species to discover unique peptides

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a technique used in proteomics to identify proteins. Fragmentation spectra (MS2) are commonly assigned to peptides by database searches to identify proteins. Assignment of identified peptides to a genome can be achieved by the field of proteogenomics. Complete genomes, and therefore derived proteome databases, are available for some well-studied species but not for all other species. Taenia solium and Taenia hydatigena are two closely related tapeworm species with limited and almost complete lack of sequenced genome. The larval stages of both these parasites can infect pigs, while humans can only be infected by T. solium. When investigating the prevalence of T. solium in pigs, one needs a diagnostic test that is able to distinguish between the two Taenia species. Current tests, however, cannot make any distinctions. A possible solution would be identifying species-specific proteins for a possible diagnostic test despite limitations at genome-level. To achieve this, we compare spectra between datasets from each species to determine unique spectra. Full proteogenomics searches are then used as a follow-up for interesting leads.

Development and Validation of a Quantitative, High-Throughput, Fluorescent-Based Bioassay to Detect Schistosoma Viability

BackgroundSchistosomiasis, caused by infection with the blood fluke Schistosoma, is responsible for greater than 200,000 human deaths per annum. Objective high-throughput screens for detecting novel anti-schistosomal targets will drive ‘genome to drug’ lead translational science at an unprecedented rate. Current methods for detecting schistosome viability rely on qualitative microscopic criteria, which require an understanding of parasite morphology, and most importantly, must be subjectively interpreted. These limitations, in the current state of the art, have significantly impeded progress into whole schistosome screening for next generation chemotherapies.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe present here a microtiter plate-based method for reproducibly detecting schistosomula viability that takes advantage of the differential uptake of fluorophores (propidium iodide and fluorescein diacetate) by living organisms. We validate this high-throughput system in detecting schistosomula viability using auranofin (a known inhibitor of thioredoxin glutathione reductase), praziquantel and a range of small compounds with previously-described (gambogic acid, sodium salinomycin, ethinyl estradiol, fluoxetidine hydrochloride, miconazole nitrate, chlorpromazine hydrochloride, amphotericin b, niclosamide) or suggested (bepridil, ciclopirox, rescinnamine, flucytosine, vinblastine and carbidopa) anti-schistosomal activities. This developed method is sensitive (200 schistosomula/well can be assayed), relevant to industrial (384-well microtiter plate compatibility) and academic (96-well microtiter plate compatibility) settings, translatable to functional genomics screens and drug assays, does not require a priori knowledge of schistosome biology and is quantitative.Conclusions/SignificanceThe wide-scale application of this fluorescence-based bioassay will greatly accelerate the objective identification of novel therapeutic lead targets/compounds to combat schistosomiasis. Adapting this bioassay for use with other parasitic worm species further offers an opportunity for great strides to be made against additional neglected tropical diseases of biomedical and veterinary importance.

KEBERADAAN TELUR CACING PARASIT PADA SISWA SD DI SEKITAR INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) TERPADU KOTA MALANG DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KEPADATAN TELUR CACING PADA AIR LIMBAH PERUMAHAN DI IPAL TERPADU

The research to find out the existence, kinds, and prevalence of parasitic worm egg on the hands and nails of elementary school students lives in IPAL area also its existence in the water of housing dump has been conducted recently. It also analyze the correlation between the number of parasitic worm egg population on the elementary school students hands and nails lives in IPAL area and the water of housing dump in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang. The research used descriptive explorative method and conducted on June–August 2004. The sample of parasitic worm egg is taken from elementary school students hands and nails ilves in IPAL area and the water of housing dump in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang. The elementary shools taken as samples area SDN Tlogomas 1, SDN Bareng 3, SDN Mulyorejo 1, SDN Mergosono 1, and SDN Mergosono 2. The locations of IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang used in this research are Tlogomas, Bareng, Mulyorejo, Mergosono Gang 1, and Mergosono Gang 3 area. Identification of worm egg is conducted in Biology Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Malang. The data taken are in the form of kinds of parasitic worm egg based on morphology characteristics and it will be analyzed descriptively. Then the prevalence of each kind of parasitic worm egg will bw counted. Then the researchers do some correlation analysis. Findings of this research show that from 5 samples of elementary school used in this research only the hands and nails of students in SDN Mulyorejo 1 have no human parasitic worm egg while in four others found 4 kinds of human parasitic Nematoda they are Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, and Ancylostoma duodenale. From 5 areas of IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang used in this research only in Bareng area it is not found while in four others found 3 kinds of worm egg they are A. lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, and T. trichiura. Egg prevalence of each kind of parasitic worm species on the elementary shool students lives in IPAL Kota Malang area are A. lumbricoides is 65.22 percent, E. vermicularis is 21.47 percent, T. trichiura is 11.59 percent, and A. duodenale is 1.45 percent. Egg prevalence os each parasitic worm species in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang are A. lumbricoides is 88.40 percent, E.vermicularis is 10.15 percent, T. trichiura is 1.45 percent, and A. duodenale is 0 percent. In general is a relationship between the number of parasitic worm egg on the hans and nails of elementary school students lives in IPAL area and worm egg in the water of housing dump in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang.

KEBERADAAN TELUR CACING PARASIT PADA SISWA SD DI SEKITAR INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN AIR LIMBAH (IPAL) TERPADU KOTA MALANG DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN KEPADATAN TELUR CACING PADA AIR LIMBAH PERUMAHAN DI IPAL TERPADU

The research to find out the existence, kinds, and prevalence of parasitic worm egg on the hands and nails of elementary school students lives in IPAL area also its existence in the water of housing dump has been conducted recently. It also analyze the correlation between the number of parasitic worm egg population on the elementary school students hands and nails lives in IPAL area and the water of housing dump in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang. The research used descriptive explorative method and conducted on June–August 2004. The sample of parasitic worm egg is taken from elementary school students hands and nails ilves in IPAL area and the water of housing dump in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang. The elementary shools taken as samples area SDN Tlogomas 1, SDN Bareng 3, SDN Mulyorejo 1, SDN Mergosono 1, and SDN Mergosono 2. The locations of IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang used in this research are Tlogomas, Bareng, Mulyorejo, Mergosono Gang 1, and Mergosono Gang 3 area. Identification of worm egg is conducted in Biology Departement, Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Malang. The data taken are in the form of kinds of parasitic worm egg based on morphology characteristics and it will be analyzed descriptively. Then the prevalence of each kind of parasitic worm egg will bw counted. Then the researchers do some correlation analysis. Findings of this research show that from 5 samples of elementary school used in this research only the hands and nails of students in SDN Mulyorejo 1 have no human parasitic worm egg while in four others found 4 kinds of human parasitic Nematoda they are Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris trichiura, and Ancylostoma duodenale. From 5 areas of IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang used in this research only in Bareng area it is not found while in four others found 3 kinds of worm egg they are A. lumbricoides, E. vermicularis, and T. trichiura. Egg prevalence of each kind of parasitic worm species on the elementary shool students lives in IPAL Kota Malang area are A. lumbricoides is 65.22%, E. vermicularis is 21.47%, T. trichiura is 11.59%, and A. duodenale is 1.45%. Egg prevalence os each parasitic worm species in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang are A. lumbricoides is 88.40%, E.vermicularis is 10.15%, T. trichiura is 1.45%, and A. duodenale is 0%. In general is a relationship between the number of parasitic worm egg on the hans and nails of elementary school students lives in IPAL area and worm egg in the water of housing dump in IPAL Terpadu Kota Malang.

History of human parasitology.

Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70 species of protozoa, some derived from our primate ancestors and some acquired from the animals we have domesticated or come in contact with during our relatively short history on Earth. Our knowledge of parasitic infections extends into antiquity, and descriptions of parasites and parasitic infections are found in the earliest writings and have been confirmed by the finding of parasites in archaeological material. The systematic study of parasites began with the rejection of the theory of spontaneous generation and the promulgation of the germ theory. Thereafter, the history of human parasitology proceeded along two lines, the discovery of a parasite and its subsequent association with disease and the recognition of a disease and the subsequent discovery that it was caused by a parasite. This review is concerned with the major helminth and protozoan infections of humans: ascariasis, trichinosis, strongyloidiasis, dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, loasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, cestodiasis, paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, amoebiasis, giardiasis, African trypanosomiasis, South American trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, malaria, toxoplasmosis, cryptosporidiosis, cyclosporiasis, and microsporidiosis.

A comparison of anterior adhesive areas and secretions in Troglocephalus rhinobatidis and Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis (Monogenea : Monocotylidae) from the gills of the shovelnose ray, Rhinobatos typus (Rhinobatidae)

This study continues the collection of data on the anterior adhesive areas and secretions of monopisthocotylean monogenean (flatworm) parasites and begins an investigation of their phylogenetic usefulness. Here, two species of parasitic worms from an elasmobranch, Troglocephalus rhinobatidis (Monocotylidae: Dasybatotreminae) and Neoheterocotyle rhinobatidis (Monocotylidae: Heterocotylinae), are compared and contrasted. It has been suggested in recent literature that these two taxa are more closely related than is currently recognised. Our data support this view. Both species have multiple apertures on the ventral anterior margin through which adhesive is secreted. Two types of secretion exit from multiple adjacent duct endings terminating in each aperture: rod-shaped (S1) and spherical-shaped (S2) bodies. S1 bodies of both species show nano-banding of similar size and are membrane bound. Ultrastructure of the glands, ducts, duct endings and secreted adhesive is similar for both species, but aperture shape differs. Away from the adhesive areas, tegumental inclusions are found to differ between the two species and another, apparently non-adhesive, secretion is found in N. rhinobatidis.

The diet and infection of fishes in Cavendish Dock, Barrow‐in‐Furness

Some 934 fishes belonging to ten species were examined in Cavendish Dock, Walney Channel and in the River Duddon in order to study their diet and infection.Because of the limited number of food species occurring in Cavendish Dock, the diet of fishes examined is similar and composed of twelve different species.The diet of the flounders in Walney Channel differs markedly from those in the dock.The infection with parasitic worms of fishes in Cavendish Dock is lower than in other localities.Fifteen different species of parasitic worms belonging to Trematoda, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala were recorded in fishes examined.Salinity of the dock water influences the composition of the diet and infection of fishes in Cavendish Dock. Raised temperature and salinity are artificially introduced by human activities, and beiig controllable, could serve for experimental ecological investigations in

On Moniezia monardi Fuhrmann and Avitellina buechneri sp.nov. from Adenota kob thomasi (P. L. Sclater)

Fourteen species of parasitic worms recovered from Adenota kob thomasi (P. L. Sclater) in Uganda, Africa, are recorded.The morphology of two tapeworms, Moniezia monardi Fuhrmann, 1931 and Avitellina buechneri sp. nov., is described in detail and discussed.

On Naturally Acquired Helminth Infections in Hybrid and Standard-Bred Chickens

A TOTAL of 43 New Hampshire and 49 Hy-Line hybrid chickens reared together as 4 mixed lots were examined for the numbers of 4 species of parasitic worms which had developed in them under natural conditions. A record of these infections may deserve general attention because of 2 reports, one concerning the thyroid physiology of the above line of hybrids (Mixner and Upp, 1947), and the second concerning the influence of thyroid materials in the diet of mice upon their natural resistance to parasitic infection (Larsh, 1947).These collections of worms seem to indicate not only that levels of natural resistance to infection vary between breeds of chickens but also that one factor in the selective quality of a natural resistance may be the thyroid condition of the host.METHODSBirds examined for these records were from flocks used in pasture studies for growing pullets. They were maintained under conditions .

Two New Trematodes from Oneida Lake Fishes

Van Cleave and Mueller (1932), and Mueller and Van Cleave (1932) have described twenty three new species of parasitic worms from Oneida Lake fishes. The third part of this survey, in which all the collected species are discussed, is now in the hands of the editors. Subsequent to the preparation of the final part a number of additional species have been found in the lake. In the present paper two additional species of previously undescribed trematodes are considered.

Intrauterine infection of the fetus with parasitic worms

The data collected from the literature make Prof. K. I. Skryabin think that numerous species of parasitic worms of Trematodes, Cestodes and Nematodes classes can pass from the body of the pregnant mother to the fetus. Particularly frequent are those parasitic worms whose larvae spend part of their lives in the blood.