Species Hemiptera Research Articles

Field Efficacy of Synthetic and Botanical-Derived Insecticides Against Melanaphis sacchari1, and Non-Target and Beneficial Species Associated with Cultivated Sorghum

The purpose of the study was to investigate the field efficacy of commercial insecticides against Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner) and determine the diversity of non-target species associated before and after treatment. Treatments were applied at 35 and 50 days after germination, and associated insects were sampled with yellow traps 48 hours after application of each product. Insect abundance differed significantly from the control that had 1,006 and 3,750 aphids on the first and second days of evaluation, with fewer aphids at the first sampling (35 days). The most effective products were flupyradifurone (Sivanto®), imidacloprid (Uniprid®), acephate (Unifate®), and Chenopodium ambrosioides botanical extract (Requiem®), with efficacies of 99.95% (0.5 aphids/plant), 99.05 (9.5 aphids/plant), 99.41% (6.0 aphids/plant), and 76.78% (233.5 aphids/plant) (Fn,3 = 19.78; df = 5,12; p < 0.001, r2 = 0.8918), respectively. At the second sampling (50 days), efficacy of flupyradifurone was 100%, and Ch. ambrosioides plant-derived product and spinetoram (Palgus®) were opposite (Fn,3 = 43.14; df = 5,12; p < 0.001, r2 = 0.9473). We collected 980 insects associated with sorghum, in five orders, 26 families, and 53 species of Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, and Neuroptera. Species richness increased as abundance decreased. Species richness and abundance were greatest at the first assessment. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index was between 1.2 and 1.6 for the first assessment and 1.8 and 2.4 for the second evaluation. Flupyradifurone, imidacloprid and acephate should be included in integrated management of M. sacchari, considering adequate use of the product.

TO THE FAUNA OF PREDATORY HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA) OF SOUTH-EASTERN KAZAKHSTAN

The Hemiptera, or bugs, are the largest order of insects with incomplete metamorphosis. The main part of hemiptera is terrestrial, they live in the soil, on various parts of plants, in the forest floor, etc. Among them there are many species of carnivorous or mixed food, but herbivorous forms predominate; periodically multiplying in large numbers, they cause significant damage to forest and agricultural crops. Some of the Hemiptera, being the predators that destroy the pests of agriculture and forestry. The research was conducted in 2019-2020 in various biotopes of South-Eastern Kazakhstan. Various methods were used to collect insects: catching insects was carried out with a standard entomological net, small insects with an exhauster, manual collection, catching in the light, etc. As a result of the conducted research, 32 species of predatory hemiptera from 5 families were identified in the study region. Among them, the species diversity is dominated by representatives of the family Nabidae – 11 species (34%), Anthocoridae – 7 species (23%), Pentatomidae – 6 species (22%), and from the families. Reduviidae and Miridae – 4 species each (12% each). According to ecological features, the following groups are distinguished: xerophiles (3 species, 9%), mesophiles (28 species, 87%) and hygrophiles (1 species, 4%). According to life cycles, all species of predatory hemiptera of South-Eastern Kazakhstan are divided into 3 groups: monovoltine species – 24 (76%), bivoltine – 4 (12%), polyvoltine – 2 (6%), the number of generations is unknown - 2 species (6%). They are dominated by species wintering in the imago stage (22 species, 69%), in the imago and larval stage (2 species, 6%), in the egg stage (8 species, 25%). Picromerus lewisi Scott, 1874 was recorded in Kazakhstan for the first time. Key words: fauna, predatory hemiptera, South-Eastern Kazakhstan.

Сайрам-Өгем мемлекеттік ұлттық табиғи паркінің Жартылай қаттықанаттылар (Heteroptera) фаунасына материалдар

The article presents the results of the authors’ research in 2021 on the Heteroptera of the Sairam-Ugam SNNP. Hemiptera are one of the most peculiar orders of insects that inhabit a wide variety of biotopes and play an important role in biological processes in biogeocenoses. There are many predatory or mixed-food species among bedbugs, but herbivorous forms predominate; periodically multiplying in large numbers, they cause significant harm to forest and agricultural crops. And predatory hemiptera biologically regulate the number of pests and bring great benefits. As a result of the research, 30 species of hemiptera from 7 families were identified. Among them, according to the species diversity, the sem are distinguished. Pentatomidae – 12 species, Miridae-6 species, Lygaeidae and Rhopalidae-3 species each, in the remaining 3 families, 2 species are known. According to their proximity to the habitats, the hemiptera of the Sairam-Ugam SNNP are divided into several groups: dendrobionts (3 species), dendrobionts (1 species), hortobionts (20 species), herpetobionts (2 species), herpetobionts (1 species), eurychortobionts (2 species). Mesophilic species predominate in the fauna of hemiptera of the SairamUgam GNPP, 70% of them, and 30% of mesoxerophiles. This ratio of species indicates the strongest influence of the mesophilic fauna of hemiptera on the fauna of the Sairam-Ugam SNNP. The diet of hemiptera is extremely diverse. According to food relations, phytophages (90%) and zoophytophages (10%) are distinguished among bedbugs, consuming both plant and animal food. According to the number of generations per year, the hemiptera of the Sairam-Ugam SNNP can be divided into several groups: 1) monovoltine (16 species), 2) bivoltine (10 species), 3) having 2-3 generations per year (3 species), 5) polyvoltine (1 species). Hemiptera are characterized by wintering at different stages of development. In most species, winter diapause occurs at the imago stage (87%), but few species overwinter in the egg stage (13%).

Алматы қаласындағы жартылай қаттықанаттылардың (Heteroptera) фаунасы

The article presents the results of research conducted by the authors on the territory of Almaty in 2020-2021. Research works are devoted to the fauna, biology and ecology of hemiptera on the territory of the city. Hemiptera, or bedbugs, are the most numerous group of insects of great practical importance. Hemiptera are widely distributed in the city.When collecting the material, standard entomological methods were used - collecting with an entomological net, catching small insects with an exhauster, at night on an artificial light source, manual collection, etc. As a result of studies of hemiptera in Almaty, 43 species from 4 families were identified. According to the number of species, the family Miridae prevails – 22 species (51%), Anthocoridae – 9 species (21%), and from the family Tingidae, Nabidae – 6 species (14% each). Of these, Stenodema calcarata, Lygus pratensis, Lygus rugulipennis, Adelphocoris lineolatus, Deraeocoris punctulatus, Nabis ferus are mass, 21 are common, 16 are rare. According to their proximity to the habitats, the hemiptera of Almaty are divided into several groups: dendrobionts (10 species), dendro-tamno-hortobionts (2 species), dendro-tamno-hortobionts (1 species), hortobionts (20 species), herpetobionts (1 species), dendro-hortobionts (3 species), tamno-hortobionts (4 species), horto-tamno-dendrobionts (2 species). All 4 known types of voltinism are characteristic of the semiptera of Almaty. According to the number of generations per year, all species of hemiptera of Almaty can be divided into several groups: 1) monovoltine (14 species), 2) bivoltine (15 species), 3) having 2-3 generations per year (10 species), 4) polyvoltine (4 species). The biology and ecology of hemiptera are studied rather unevenly. The hemiptera of Almaty belong to mesophilic species. Hemiptera are insects with incomplete transformation and go through the following stages of development – egg, larva and imago. They are characterized by wintering at different stages of development. In most species of Almaty, the winter diapause occurs at the imago stage (29 species), but few species overwinter in the egg stage (14 species).

Histología del tracto reproductor masculino del chinche depredador &lt;i&gt;Zelus longipes&lt;/i&gt; (Heteroptera: Reduviidae)

Reduviidae incluye el mayor número de especies de depredadores terrestres del Orden Hemiptera, incluyendo depredadores de potenciales plagas en los agroecosistemas. A pesar de la gran cantidad de estudios sobre la taxonomía y morfología del grupo, su filogenia y estrategias reproductivas aún no han sido totalmente dilucidadas. En este trabajo, la histología del tracto reproductivo masculino de Zelus longipes fue descrita con el objetivo de incrementar las fuentes de caracteres para estudios de biología reproductiva del grupo. Para esto fueron utilizadas técnicas de microscopia de luz. Los machos adultos fueron recolectados directamente en un cultivo de maíz, en el municipio de Rio Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. El sistema reproductor está compuesto por dos testículos, cada uno con siete folículos con quistes en diferentes fases del espermatogénesis, vasos deferentes, vesículas seminales, glándulas accesorias pareadas y lobadas en un ducto eyaculatorio. Cuando los espermatozoides están maduros salen de los testículos agrupados en haces y quedan almacenados en las vesículas seminales. Las glándulas accesorias producen diferentes tipos de secreciones que se unen al esperma para formar el semen. Los conductos deferentes fluyen hacia un solo conducto eyaculador.

Climate change has different predicted effects on the range shifts of two hybridizing ambush bug (Phymata, Family Reduviidae, Order Hemiptera) species.

AimA universal attribute of species is that their distributions are limited by numerous factors that may be difficult to quantify. Furthermore, climate change‐induced range shifts have been reported in many taxa, and understanding the implications of these shifts remains a priority and a challenge. Here, we use Maxent to predict current suitable habitat and to project future distributions of two closely related, parapatrically distributed Phymata species in light of anthropogenic climate change.LocationNorth America.Taxon Phymata americana Melin 1930 and Phymata pennsylvanica Handlirsch 1897, Family: Reduviidae, Order: Hemiptera.MethodsWe used the maximum entropy modeling software Maxent to identify environmental variables maintaining the distribution of two Phymata species, Phymata americana and Phymata pennsylvanica. Species occurrence data were collected from museum databases, and environmental data were collected from WorldClim. Once we gathered distribution maps for both species, we created binary suitability maps of current distributions. To predict future distributions in 2050 and 2070, the same environmental variables were used, this time under four different representative concentration pathways: RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5; as well, binary suitability maps of future distributions were also created. To visualize potential future hybridization, the degree of overlap between the two Phymata species was calculated.ResultsThe strongest predictor to P. americana ranges was the mean temperature of the warmest quarter, while precipitation of the driest month and mean temperature of the warmest quarter were strong predictors of P. pennsylvanica ranges. Future ranges for P. americana are predicted to increase northwestward at higher CO2 concentrations. Suitable ranges for P. pennsylvanica are predicted to decrease with slight fluctuations around range edges. There is an increase in overlapping ranges of the two species in all future predictions.Main conclusionsThese evidences for different environmental requirements for P. americana and P. pennsylvanica account for their distinct ranges. Because these species are ecologically similar and can hybridize, climate change has potentially important eco‐evolutionary ramifications. Overall, our results are consistent with effects of climate change that are highly variable across species, geographic regions, and over time.

Whitefly genomes contain ribotoxin coding genes acquired from plants

Ribosome inactivating proteins (RIPs) are RNA N-glycosidases that depurinate a specific adenine residue in the conserved sarcin/ricin loop of 28S rRNA. These enzymes are widely distributed among plants and bacteria. Previously, we have described for the first time RIP genes in mosquitoes belonging to the Culicidae family. We showed that these genes are derived from a single event of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from a prokaryotic donor. Mosquito RIP genes are evolving under purifying selection, strongly suggesting that these toxins have acquired a functional role. In this work, we show the existence of two RIP encoding genes in the genome of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, a hemiptera species belonging to the Aleyrodidae family distantly related to mosquitoes. Contamination artifacts were ruled out analyzing three independent B. tabaci genome databases. In contrast to mosquito RIPs, whitefly genes harbor introns and according to transcriptomic evidence are transcribed and spliced. Phylogeny and the taxonomic distribution strongly support that whitefly RIP genes are derived from an independent HGT event from a plant source. These results, along with our previous description of RIPs in Diptera, suggest that the acquired genes are functional in these insects and confer some fitness advantage.

Reductions in foliar Hemiptera in portions of a fescue grassland invaded by Smooth Brome (&lt;i&gt;Bromus inermis&lt;/i&gt;)

Fescue grassland in Canadian prairie is characterized by Plains Rough Fescue (Festuca hallii), but the introduced exotic grass, Smooth Brome (Bromus inermis), is expanding therein. Hemiptera play an important role as herbivores in vegetation. In an invaded fescue grassland in Manitoba, 52 plant species had a combined average cover of 216%. Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis), another exotic grass, was most abundant at 64%, followed by B. inermis at 21% and the native grass F. hallii at 18%. Across 47 random sample points, B. inermis cover ranged from 0% to 180%. At these points, 2445 specimens of Hemiptera were collected by sweep net and divided into 99 morphologically distinct species. Bromus inermis cover had negative correlations with Hemiptera species richness and diversity, but not with abundance and biomass of Hemiptera. However, B. inermis cover was negatively correlated with abundance of two individual species of Hemipteran leafhoppers in the family Cicadellidae: Doratura stylata and Diplocolenus configuratus. Total graminoid cover had no significant correlation with any of the above Hemiptera variables. We conclude that feeding requirements deter some phytophagous Hemiptera from entering sections of fescue grassland invaded by B. inermis. In this way, invasion by B. inermis can be expected to modify ecosystem function by increasing feeding pressure on neighbouring natural vegetation and other introduced species.

Ecological indices of phytophagous Hemiptera and their natural enemies on Acacia auriculiformis (Fabales: Fabaceae) plants with or without dehydrated sewage sludge application in a degraded area.

Soil fertilization with dehydrated sewage sludge (DSS) accelerates the recovery process of degraded areas by improving nutrient concentration, and favors the development of trophic webs with pioneer plants such as Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Beth (Fabales: Fabaceae), phytophagous Hemiptera, predators, and protocooperanting ants. This study aimed to evaluate the development and production of A. auriculiformis litter with or without dehydrated sewage sludge application and the ecological indices of sucking insects (Hemiptera), their predators and protocooperating ants, as bioindicators, in a degraded area for 24 months. Complete randomization was applied for two treatments (with or without application of dehydrated sewage sludge) in 24 replications (one repetition = one plant). We evaluated the number of leaves/branch and branches/plant, percentage of soil cover (litter), ecological indices of phytophagous Hemiptera, their predators, and protocooperating ants. The plants of A. auriculiformis, that were applied with dehydrated sewage sludge, had superior development when compared to plants where DSS were not applied. The highest abundance and richness of phytophagous Hemiptera species and Sternorrhyncha predators occurred on A. auriculiformis plants that were applied with dehydrated sewage sludge. The increase in richness of species of protocooperanting ants that established mutualistic relationships positively influenced the phytophagous Hemiptera. The use of A. auriculiformis, with application of dehydrated sewage sludge, can increase recovery of degraded areas due to its higher soil cover (e.g., litter) and results in higher ecological indices of phytophagous Hemiptera and their predators.

Hemiptera phylogenomic resources: Tree-based orthology prediction and conserved exon identification.

High-throughput sequencing of transcriptomes and targeted genomic regions are advancing our knowledge of The Tree of Life. Building phylogenies with regions of the genome requires 1-to-1 orthologue resources of genes and noncoding loci. One organismal group that has received little attention in this area is the Hemiptera, the fifth largest insect order represented by ~103,590 named species. Here, we present a set of 3,872 Hemiptera 1-to-1 orthogroups based on tree-based orthology inference of eight Hemiptera species with publicly available genome sequences. We also estimate a set of 406 orthologous exons with similar mRNA splice sites that can be used for Sanger sequencing and develop enrichment probes for targeted genome sequencing for phylogenomic inference. We show this novel set of orthologues is informative at the protein, coding sequence and exon molecular levels and provides robust branch support in both gene tree-species tree methods and concatenated sequence phylogenies. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of these loci to resolve relationships in whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci, a large species complex with few phylogenomic resources. Last, we compare our Hemiptera phylogeny with previously published phylogenies and other orthologue databases, while providing suggestions on further improvement to this phylogenomic resource.

Nymphal development and diagnostics, and biology of three European Ceratocombidae and Dipsocoridae species (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha)

The nymphs of three species of Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Dipsocoromorpha, Ceratocombus (Ceratocombus) coleoptratus (Zetterstedt), Ceratocombus (Xylonannus) brevipennis Poppius (Ceratocombidae) and Pachycoleus pusillimus (J. Sahlberg) (Dipsocoridae) are described and illustrated. Keys to species and to nymphal instars are provided. Ontogeny of several morphological features, life cycle, habitats and food habits are discussed. The pattern of dorsal abdominal scent glands in C. brevipennis nymphs, their persistence in adults of both Ceratocombus species and the occurrence of fifth dorsal abdominal scent gland in the 5th nymphal instar of P. pusillimus are reported for the first time.

Diversidad de Hemiptera asociada a árboles de ambientes urbanos de la provincia de Jujuy, Argentina

Los Hemiptera de ambientes urbanos de Jujuy son poco conocidos y explorados. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar y caracterizar la diversidad de Hemiptera asociada a tres especies del arbolado publico de Jujuy, y aportar datos bioecologicos que contribuyan a su conocimiento. El estudio se realizo en tres ciudades durante una estacion seca y una humeda, y para cada localidad se consideraron dos ambientes: urbano y suburbano. En cada sitio se muestrearon tres arboles de Handroantus impetiginosus, Enterolobium contortisiliquum y Citrus aurantium. Se aspiro el follaje y se extrajeron al azar 10 ramas/arbol. Se identificaron los hemipteros y se comparo la abundancia, la riqueza, la diversidad, la composicion y la dominancia de cada suborden en funcion de las especies arboreas, las localidades, la estacionalidad y el grado de urbanizacion. Colectamos 4339 individuos pertenecientes a los subordenes Auchenorrhyncha (8 familias, 30 morfoespecies, 1044 individuos), Heteroptera (8 familias, 20 morfoespecies, 196 individuos) y Sternorrhyncha (9 familias, 33 morfoespecies, 3099 individuos). Por primera vez para Jujuy se cita a Rhabdotalebra albinoi y a Rhabdotalebra flava sobre E. contortisiliquum, y a R. flava y al genero Tingis sobre H. impetiginosus. La localidad con mayor riqueza fue San Salvador de Jujuy (56 morfoespecies, 28 exclusivas), en contraste con El Carmen (39 morfoespecies, 13 exclusivas) y San Pedro (34 morfoespecies, 11 exclusivas). Registramos heteropteros fitofagos, depredadores y de dieta mixta. Sternorrhyncha fue el suborden mejor representado en riqueza y abundancia teniendo en cuenta localidad y especie arborea, mientras que la estacionalidad no lo afecto como a Auchenorrhyncha y Heteroptera. No encontramos diferencias en abundancia entre el sector urbano y el suburbano. Las especies de hemipteros compartidas por las tres especies de arboles fueron Dikrella sp., Empoasca sp.2, Aleyrodidae sp.1 y Pseudococcidae sp.1; los dominantes en lapacho fueron Rabdotalebra flava, Rabdotalebra sp.2, Tingis sp.1 y Ceroplastes sp.1; en naranjo, Lephidosaphes beckii, Aphididae sp.1 y Aonidiella aurantii; en pacara, Psyllidae sp.2, Aphididae sp.1 y Empoasca sp.2. https://doi.org/10.25260/EA.20.30.1.0.925

Checklist, Bibliography and Quantitative Data of the Arthropods of Hispaniola.

An updated and extensively revised checklist of the arthropods of Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti) is presented 11 years after the publication of the original in 2008. It integrates and quantifies all the terrestrial and surrounding marine arthropod species (plus those of Tardigrada and Onychophora), reported in the zoological literature for Hispaniola through the middle of 2019. A total of 9,920 valid species (8,202 extant and 1,718 fossil) are listed, which represents an increase of 1,683 species (1,369 extant and 314 fossil) from the original list. The largest component is Insecta (6,784 extant and 1,136 fossil), including 2,206 extant species of Coleoptera, 1,042 species of Hemiptera, 929 species of Diptera, 913 species of Lepidoptera and 774 species of Hymenoptera. Emphasis is on reviewing and updating the original list, including all newly recorded taxa and all pertinent taxonomic changes proposed since then. Important corrections have been made, and explanatory notes have been added. For example, multiple authors have confused the Lesser Antillean island of Dominica with the Dominican Republic. This error is much more common in the literature than was initially recognized. Erroneous records attributing species from one island to the other have been identified and corrected. The original spelling of the cricket species Scapsipedus bastardoi Otte Perez-Gelabert, 2009, dedicated to Dominican biologist Ruth H. Bastardo, is corrected to Scapsipedus bastardoae nom. emend. High species endemism is typical of the biota of Caribbean islands. In this checklist, a total of 3,161 arthropod species (38.6%) are considered endemic or unique to Hispaniola. Among the speciose groups with higher levels of endemism are the Diplopoda (91.6%), Orthoptera (90.1%), Trichoptera (82.6%), Coleoptera (49.3%) and Araneae (47.5%). Also, a total of 201 arthropod species (174 insects + 27 non-insects) are identified as introduced to the island. The accompanying bibliography complements the taxonomic information and includes over 5,000 titles.

MATERIALS FOR THE HEMIPTERA FAUNA (HETEROPTERA) OF ALTYN EMEL STATE NATIONAL NATURE PARK

As a result of research performed at Altyn-Emel SNPP, we noted 19 species of hemiptera (true bugs), belonging to 3 families. By nutrition links the identified true bugs are: polyphytophages - 3 species (16%), wide oligophytophages - 5 species (26%), narrow oligophytophages - 8 species (42%), zoophytophages - 3 species (16%). By the number of generations per year, the hemipteraofSNPP Altyn-Emel are divided into 3 groups: monovoltaic - 6 species (37%), bivoltaic - 10 species (53%), polyvoltaic - 3 species (10%). By confinement to the habitats, the hemiptera of SNPP Altyn-Emel are divided into several groups: hortobionts (12 species, 63%), herpeto-hortobionts (4 species, 21%), herpetobionts (3 species, 16%). The following ecological groups of species were distinguished: meso-xerophiles (13 species, 68%), xerophiles (2 species, 11%), mesophiles (4 species, 21%). Fauna’s zoogeo-graphic spectrum is represented by 7 groups: transpalearctic (4 species, 21%), west palaearctic (3 species, 16%), trans-eurasian (1 species, 5%), west eurasian (7 species, 37%), middle asian (2 species, 11% ), mediterranean-black sea-european (1 species, 5%), mediterranean-european-euro-siberian-kazakhstani (1 species, 5%).

Two Tachykinin-Related Peptides with Antimicrobial Activity Isolated from Triatoma infestans Hemolymph.

Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are molecules that can interact with microbial cells and lead to membrane disruption or intracellular molecule interactions and death. Several molecules with antimicrobial effects also present other biological activities. One such protein group representing the duplicity of activities is the tachykinin family. Tachykinins (TKs) form a family of neuropeptides in vertebrates with a consensus C-terminal region (F-X-G-Y-R-NH2). Invertebrate TKs and TK-related peptides (TKRPs) are subfamilies found in invertebrates that present high homology with TKs and have similar biological effects. Several of these molecules have already been described but reports of TKRP in Hemiptera species are limited. By analyzing the Triatoma infestans hemolymph by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, biological assays, and mass spectrometry, two antimicrobial molecules were isolated and identified as TKRPs, which we named as TRP1-TINF and TRP2-TINF (tachykinin-related peptides I and II from T. infestans). TRP1-TINF is a random secondary structure peptide with 9 amino acid residues. It is susceptible to aminopeptidases degradation and is active mainly against Micrococcus luteus (32 μM). TRP2-TINF is a 10-amino acid peptide with a 310 helix secondary structure and is susceptible to carboxypeptidases degradation. It has major antimicrobial activity against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli (45 μM). Neither molecule is toxic to human erythrocytes and both present minor toxicity toward Vero cells at a concentration of 1000 μM. As the first description of TKRPs with antimicrobial activity in T. infestans, this work contributes to the wider comprehension of the insects’ physiology and describes pharmacological relevant molecules.

Water quality and aquatic coleoptera and hemiptera in two ponds of Mansa District, Punjab

Present study evaluates the diversity and abundance of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera, and relate these with the physicochemical parameters of water in the two selected ponds of Mansa district, Punjab. Collections made during December, 2017 to November, 2018 revealed 16 species of aquatic Coleoptera and Hemiptera. Maximum fauna was observed during summer followed by post-monsoon, monsoon and winter seasons. Physicochemical water parameters viz., temperature, pH, free carbon dioxide, dissolved oxygen, nitrate and phosphates were correlated with the diversity attributes.

Invasive species of the order Hemiptera in agrocenoses of Southern Russia

The distribution of invasive species is associated with a change in the distribution boundaries of individual taxa and non-taxonomic groups, with its development of new biotopes, change in the structure and functioning of individual ecosystems. Invasive species in Russia is a wellknown phenomenon. Over the past 50 years, more than 10 herbivorous species have been discovered which are classified as quarantine species. In the near future, the appearance of new aggressive species such asDiabrotica virgifera virgifera Le Conte – western corn bug,Popillia japonicaNewm – Japanese beetle and others is expected.

Hemiptera species determined in almond orchards in Mugla and Manisa provinces of Turkey and population fluctuation of Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera:Tingidae)

This study was carried out in the localities of Datça, Fethiye, Seydikemer (Mugla) and Akhisar, Kula (Manisa) where almond plantations are common in Aegean region from 2014 to 2016. During this study, 63 insect species belonging to 18 families from Hemiptera order were found. Among these insects 15 species feed in almond trees. For the first time, Typhlocyba rosae and Zygina discolor were identified to feed in almond trees in Turkey in this study. T. rosae and Z. discolour feed on and under the leaves this situation lead to leaves turn into whitish. It was concluded that Monosteira unicostata, which has the highest population density among species.

Effects of semi-purified fractions from stems of Clusia hilariana on the development of Dysdercus peruvianus

Plants represent a huge source of substances, with pharmacological potential. Brazil has a diversity of agricultural insect pests and an urgent need for safer methods of insect control. Dysdercus peruvianus (Guerin-Meneville, 1831), Pyrrhocoridae, is an economically important species of the Order Hemiptera and a pest of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L., Malvaceae). Secondary metabolites in stems of Clusia hilariana Schltdl., Clusiaceae, such as terpenes and benzophenones, have been reported to be insecticidal. The present study investigated the effects of semi-purified fractions of hexane crude extracts from male C. hilariana stems on development of D. peruvianus. Biological parameters at different stages of development including body malformations, range of molting period and toxicity were evaluated. Most insects died and failed to develop due to attachment of their exuviae to the abdomen. Deformations of wings and defective tarsi also occurred. The secondary metabolites from semi-purified fractions of C. hilariana caused mortality, interference in molting and metamorphosis, and body deformations, probably by interacting with the neuroendocrine system. The results demonstrate the potential of C. hilariana extracts as an alternative for the control of the phytophagous insect D. peruvianus and for the development of environmentally safe and biodegradable bio insecticides.

The utility of DNA barcoding as a tool to assess the success of ecological restoration using Hemiptera as a biological indicator

DNA barcoding uses a short, standardized DNA fragment to sort individuals into species. This molecular technique has applications in fields including ecology, evolution, conservation, and biogeography. In ecological applications such as species monitoring and habitat restoration, its potential has not been fully realized and implemented. Invertebrates are excellent biological indicators, as changes in species diversity or community assemblage provide important insights into the condition of, or changes in, the environment. This information is particularly useful within the context of restoration ecology. In this study, DNA barcoding is used to assess the potential of Hemiptera as a biological indicator of restoration success for the Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation Project (Durban, South Africa). A total of 393 Hemiptera specimens were collected from sites reforested at distinct phases (plots reforested in 2010, 2012, and 2015) and two reference sites (natural forest and grassland). The Hemiptera species composition and assemblage were assessed by analyzing diversity indices, ordination, unweighted pair‐group average cluster analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. Hemiptera species composition varied significantly across the chronologically different reforested sites, with a higher species richness observed in the older reforested plots. This suggests that Hemiptera diversity can be used to track restoration success, even over the small temporal scale used in this study. This study highlights the utility of DNA barcoding as a taxonomic sorting tool both to monitor ecological restoration and to discover specific taxa within Hemiptera that may be useful biological indicators.