Species Of Hedysarum Research Articles

Enhancing Bio-Fertilization Potential of Introduced Hedysarum Species Through Indirect Root Inoculation: Implications for Agro-Ecological Sustainability in Arid Lands

Saharan soils are devoid of Rhizobium bacteria specific to the Sulla plants which is indispensable for nitrogen fixation and soil fertility. The present study aims to test the possibility of formation nodules on the roots of some species of Hedysarum (Sulla) genus introduced in Ghardaïa region with indirect inoculation in the reason to optimize the use of nitrogen fertilizers. Three soil samples were chosen from three different districts of Algeria (Tizi-Ouzou, Sétif and El-Tarf) to be used as substrate and source of bacterial strains for three different species of Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium, Hedysarum carnosum, Hedysarum flexuosum). The results showed the formation of a considerable number of nodules in all treatments. The effect of species and samples of soils on the studied parameter was highly significant (p<0.000) at the 5% significance level. All cultivated species in the soil of Sétif could form significant more nodules compared to other soils. The disparity in the average number of nodules formed in the soil of Sétif represents a rate of 78.75% compared to the soil of Tizi-Ouzou. This study could contribute to improve fodder production of Sulla species cultivated in Ghardaïa region and also provides a forage rich in protein for local livestock.

Study of Ontogenetic Structure and Density of the Coenopopulation of Hedysarum atropatanum Bunge ex Boiss. Flora of Daridag

The article presents findings from a study of the demographic structure and density of the population of the species Hedysarum atropatanum Bunge ex Boiss., which is widely distributed in the Daridag area. A total of ten ontogenetic states (seed, seedling, juvenile, immature, virginile, young generative, middle aged generative, aged generative, subsenile and senile) of the H. atropatanum species were observed. The processes of ontogenesis, which can be classified as normal, fast, or slow, were identified as the primary mechanisms driving species evolution. Additionally, instances of developmental disruptions, rejuvenation, and the manifestations of aging were observed. The majority of individuals belonging to the species H. atropatanum exhibit a normal to rapid growth rate. It has been observed that the process of ontogenesis is slower in areas with high plant density. It was determined that the secondary quiescence period does not manifest during the initial stages of development; rather, it becomes feasible only after the individuals have reached the virginal state. It has not been observed that immature individuals bypass the virginal state and immediately transition to mature generative plants. The vitality status of the individuals was determined based on a comprehensive analysis of multiple morphological traits, including the height of the specimens, the number of shoots, the number of flower carriers, the length of the leaves, the size of the leaves, and the number of flowers in the flower group. Following the statistical processing of the data, three classes of vitality were identified. A study revealed that individuals of the second vitality level of the H. atropatanumspecies are more prevalent in the coenopopulation. The optimal habitats of the H. atropatanum s

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography in Hedysarum (Hedysareae, Fabaceae) with a focus on Central Asian taxa

AbstractCentral Asia, especially the Tian‐Shan and Pamir‐Alay, is a biodiversity hotspot for Hedysarum (Fabaceae) with a high number of endemic species. However, to date, studies of the genus Hedysarum based on molecular data have included only a few species distributed in this region. To fill this gap, we analysed 110 Hedysarum species, 36 of which were from the Tian‐Shan and Pamir‐Alay Mountains of Central Asia. We performed phylogenetic analyses, divergence time estimates, and biogeographic analyses using both the internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ITS) and three plastid DNA (cpDNA) sequences (trnL‐trnF, matK, psbA‐trnH). Our phylogenetic analysis grouped the species of Hedysarum into three sections: H. sect. Hedysarum, sect. Multicaulia, and sect. Stracheya, which are largely consistent with previous phylogenetic classifications. Accordingly, most of the Central Asian species we studied (28 spp.) were placed in H. subsect. Crinifera within H. sect. Multicaulia. Our divergence time and biogeographic analyses indicate that Hedysarum likely originated in West Asia and/or East Asia during the Early Miocene or Middle Miocene and subsequently dispersed to adjacent areas of Eurasia, as well as North America via the Bering Land Bridge. The likely area of origin for H. sect. Multicaulia is West Asia, while East Asia appears to be the center of origin for H. sect. Hedysarum and sect. Stracheya. In addition, we suggest that the rapid radiation of the species of H. subsect. Crinifera occurred in the Tian‐Shan and Pamir‐Alay Mountains, as well as the Turkish‐Iranian Plateau, and that geological and climatic changes were the main causes of speciation in Hedysarum.

Comparative analysis of genomes of six species of Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae) by the rapidGISH technique

Comparative analysis of genomes of six species of Hedysarum L. (Fabaceae) by the rapidGISH technique

Ontogenetic structure of natural populations of rare species of the genus <i>Hedysarum</i> L. in the Volga and Ural regions

The paper presents the results of studying the population structure of rare species Hedysarum argyrophyllum Ledeb., H. cretaceum Fisch., H. gmelinii Ledeb., H. grandiflorum Pall. and H. razoumowianum Fisch. et Helm in the Volga and Ural regions. The study area covers Volgograd, Samara, Saratov, the southern part of the Ulyanovsk and the western part of the Orenburg Regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan. 10 coenopopulations of Hedysarum argyrophyllum, 18 coenopopulations of H. cretaceum, 410 coenopopulations of H. gmelinii, 1800 coenopopulations of H. grandiflorum, 1400 coenopopulations of H. razoumowianum were examined. The work was carried out in 20002021 using population-ontogenetic methods. The studied representatives are rare, their population characteristics are subject to changes under the influence of anthropogenic factors. Species have sufficient potential for self-recovery of natural populations. The ontogenetic spectra of populations are similar in their parameters; the dominant fraction of individuals is the generative one. Common features are the fluctuation type of population dynamics and ontogenetic structure of model representatives, relatively low demographic characteristics, weak ability for self-maintenance and self-recovery of populations under anthropogenic load. Anthropogenic load leads to a decrease in the number of individuals, their density and the gradual aging of populations.

Анализ распространения и структуры популяций Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall. (Fabaceae) в южной части Приволжской возвышенности

For the first time in the southern part of the Volga Upland, a detailed study of the population distribution and structure of rare and protected species Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., listed in the Red Books of the Russian Federation (2008) and the Saratov Region (2021), was carried out. The study was conducted in 2007–2021. To identify the distribution, data from routine observations and information from herbarium specimens, literary data and oral reports were used. The determination of the abundance and density was carried out in all encountered cenopopulations (CP), and for a detailed description of structure, 23 CP were studied with the laying of more than 600 discount areas and with a description of more than 3600 individuals of the average generative state of the sweetvetch. It was revealed that all CP in study area occupy a total area of about 30.8 ha, on which there are at least 2.068 million individuals of the sweetvetch, of which about 1.305 million are generative. The average density of individuals ranges from 4.6 to 18.4, and of generative from 2.8 to 11.4 ind./m2. From the northeast to the southwest of the southern part of the Volga Upland, the number of individuals and the density of CP of the sweetvetch decrease, and the areas of CP decrease. The basic ontogenetic spectrum of CP in the study area is unimodal, centred, with a maximum at the mature generative state, but due to small temporal shifts of the ontogenetic spectra to the left, the type of dynamics of the age composition is fluctuating. CP are, as a rule, normal complete, transitional and mature, with an average level of vitality and are in a stable state. A comparison is made with data from other regions. The results obtained can be used in organizing and maintaining SPNR, compiling floristic lists, introducing and reintroducing H. grandiflorum and similar species, and selecting initial material when introduced into culture.

Predicting habitat suitability for the endangered species Hedysarum criniferum Boiss. using a fuzzy model in the semi-arid zone in Iran

The present study explored the habitat suitability for an endangered species, Hedysarum criniferum, in Iran using fuzzy logic. We measured 24 environmental variables including soil, climate, and physiographic variables of eight natural habitats of H. criniferum as the predictive variables and the percent cover of the species as the response variable. The most important environmental factors influencing species distribution and the species response curves were determined by principal component analysis (PCA) and the generalized linear model, respectively. The tolerance range and the optimal growth point of the studied species with respect to the environmental factors were specified, the ranges were divided into 11 classes by fuzzy value, and the fuzzy functions of the environmental factors were calculated. The species habitats were classified by the developed fuzzy model. Three regions with no H. criniferum occurrence were selected to determine their fuzzy suitability. The success in germination and shoot growth length of H. criniferum were used as the metrics of the habitat suitability in these regions. Based on the PCA, H. criniferum occurrence was most strongly affected by soil Mg, K, and Ca content, soil pH, wind speed, annual minimum temperature, slope, and altitude. The results revealed that the seedling length and germination percentage in the site with the fuzzy suitability of 0.6 differed from those in the two other sites with the fuzzy suitability of 0.5 and 0.3 significantly. The method used in this study can be employed in predicting optimal habitats for other endangered species in different ecosystems.

Molecular cytogenetics of Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. and H. setigerum Turcz. (Fabaceae) from populations of Southern Siberia

For the first time, a comparative karyotype analysis of closely related species Hedysarum gmelinii andH. setigerum (Hedysarum section Multicaulia) grown in Southern Siberia, has been performed by molecular cytogeneticmarkers. Chromosome numbers in karyotypes of these species were specified – 2n = 4х = 32. In some accessions, additionalB chromosomes were revealed. FISH analyses indicated high similarities in chromosome morphology and also patternsof chromosomal distributions of 45S and 5S rDNA clusters in karyotypes of H. gmelinii and H. setigerum, which confirmsthe close relationship between their genomes.

Chemical Identification of Specialized Metabolites from Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) Collected in Southern Italy.

Sulla (Hedysarum coronarium L.) is a biennal forage legume originated from the Mediterranean basin and used for animal feeding due to its high forage quality and palatability. Several species of Hedysarum have been considered for their nutritional, pharmaceutical, and biological properties, and different applications have been reported, both for human consumption and animal nutrition. Although a systematic investigation of the chemical constituents of Hedysarum spp. has been performed in order to provide chemotaxonomic evidences for the genus and to support the pharmacological application of several species within the genus, few data are available on the chemical constituents of H. coronarium, and only the content of condensed tannins and flavonoids in leaves has been previously reported. In the present paper, results from a detailed chemical analysis of the extracts from the leaves and flowers of H. coronarium grown wild in southern Italy are presented. Identification of the main specialized metabolites within the chemical classes of flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and saponins, is described, including considerations on their content in the two plant organs. Information acquired from this study expands the knowledge on H. coronarium as a source of valuable phytochemicals for different applications in human and animal health and nutrition.

Phylogeny and Sequence Analysis of Sulla species Based on Intergenic Spacers trnL-trnF

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) sequence variations are broadly used to investi-gate interspecific relationships among plants. The trnL-trnF spacer is located in the large single-copy region of the chloroplast genome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of genetic variability between the Algeri-an and Tunisian species Hedysarum pallidum (North African endemic spe-cies) and H. capitatum. The phylogenetic relationships among the studied species were investigated by means of maximum Likehood analysis of se-quence polymorphism from chloroplast trnL-trnF spacer DNA; the tree parti-tioned the studied species in two clades. In addition, some specific variations loci- were identified between the species. The observed variations suggest considerable differentiation among cpDNA which could be useful to identify species.

Pharmacotechnological investigations of the lt;emgt;Hedysarum caucasicumlt;/emgt; from the northern caucasus

The main active component of species of the genus Hedysarum are xanthones, the main of them is C-glycoside – mangiferin, which was found in the aerial part of 17 species of Hedysarum. Mangiferin is contained in plants of the genus Hedysarum can serve as a chemotaxonomic marker of this section, it has antiviral activity against DNA-containing viruses: Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster, Cytomegalovirus, also has immunostimulatory properties (stimulates cellular and humoral immunity). We have prepared the phytochemical investigations of xanthones. The quantitative maintenance of the sum of xanthones in terms of a specific indicator of a mangiferin is established. The technology of a liquid extract by means of 80% of ethanol is developed, technological parameters of raw materials have been determined: content of extractive substances in raw materials (26.59%); finished product removal factor (2.48); feed absorption coefficient (3.00); Internal juice formation rate (3.37); coefficient of volume increase at dissolution of extractive substances (2,013); bulk density (0.21); dry feed filling ratio (3.7); Swollen feed filling ratio (1.3); Displacement factor (1.7). Extract of Hedysarum caucasicum is obtained with ratio of phases 1:2 in a battery of 6 diffusers. It is established that extract of Hedysarum caucasicum shows the antimicrobial activity concerning Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtilis and B.anthracoides.

Pharmacotechnological Investigations of the Hedysarum caucasicum from the Northern Caucasus

The main active component of species of the genus Hedysarum are xanthones, the main of them is C-glycoside-mangiferin, which was found in the aerial part of 17 species of Hedysarum. Mangiferin is contained in plants of the genus Hedysarum can serve as a chemotaxonomic marker of this section, it has antiviral activity against DNA-containing viruses: Herpes simplex virus, Varicella zoster, Cytomegalovirus, also has immunostimulatory properties (stimulates cellular and humoral immunity). We have prepared the phytochemical investigations of xanthones. The quantitative maintenance of the sum of xanthones in terms of a specific indicator of a mangiferin is established. The technology of a liquid extract by means of 80% of ethanol is developed, technological parameters of raw materials have been determined: content of extractive substances in raw materials (26.59%); finished product removal factor (2.48); feed absorption coefficient (3.00); Internal juice formation rate (3.37); coefficient of volume increase at dissolution of extractive substances (2,013); bulk density (0.21); dry feed filling ratio (3.7); Swollen feed filling ratio (1.3); Displacement factor (1.7). Extract of Hedysarum caucasicum is obtained with ratio of phases 1:2 in a battery of 6 diffusers. It is established that extract of Hedysarum caucasicum shows the antimicrobial activity concerning Shigella sonnei, Bacillus subtilis and B. anthracoides.

АНАЛИЗ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТЕЙ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ЭНДЕМИЧНОГО ВИДА HEDYSARUM ARGYROPHYLLUM LEDEB. НА ЮЖНОМ УРАЛЕ И СОПРЕДЕЛЬНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ

The paper describes the distribution of the endemic steppe species Hedysarum argyrophyllum Ledeb. The potential range of the species includes the southern tip of the Southern Urals and reaches the south of the Bugulmino-Belebeyevskaya Upland. Isothermality and temperature seasonality proved to be the most significant factors for the species distribution model. These factors reflect the confinement of the species to continental climate conditions. In the west, the potential range coincides with the eastern part of the range of the closely related species Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., however the two species differentiate geographically and ecologically.

Features of the Demographic Structure and the Condition of Populations of the Rare Relic Hedysarum Gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) in Peripheral and Central Parts of Its Distribution Range

Abstract The features of the ontogenetic structure of cenopopulations of a rare species Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb. (Fabaceae) were studied on the periphery of its range (the Middle Volga region and the Bashkir Cis-Urals) and in its central part (the Altai Mountains region). Types of cenopopulations were determined according to the “delta-omega” criterion: in the Bashkir Urals, they were mostly young, in the Middle Volga region, they were mature, in the Altai Mountains, they were maturing. The proportion of pregenerative individuals in populations increases in habitats with high moisture levels. Anthropogenic load (mainly in the form of grazing) had a greater effect on the number and density of individuals, rather than on the type of ontogenetic spectrum of cenopopulations.

QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF XANTHONE SUM IN TERMS OF MANGIFERIN IN AERIAN ORGANS OF SPECIES OF GENUS HEDYSARUM L. BY UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Preparing of the antiviral and antibacterial medicinal plants is a promising task of native pharmacy. In this regard, it is interesting to study species of the genus penny, namely Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb., Hedysarum grandiflorum Pall., Hedysarum daghestanicum Rupr. ex. Boiss., the regions of distribution, chemical composition and known pharmacological properties will allow to justify directions of their rational use, as well as creation of new phytopreparations of antiviral action on the basis of medicinal raw materials. During the complex pharmacognostic studies of three species of Hedysarum L. we have developed the method for isolation and quantitative determination of the sum of xanthones in terms of mangiferin by UV spectrophotometry. The technique takes into account the basic physical and chemical properties of xanthones, is characterized by reproducibility, high accuracy, simplicity of implementation, allows to carry out both screening evaluation of various raw objects containing mangiferin derivatives, as well as standardization of the prepared medicinal plant raw material of the penny. The developed methods are tested on the aerian organs of Hedysarum L. species, collected and dried taking into account the rules and requirements of drug raw material procurement. As a result, Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb herb (0.624%) was found to be the highest quantitative amount of xanthone sum in terms of mangiferin. The obtained results show the prospect of further research of the aerian part of the Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb. as an additional source of mangiferin. The method of quantitative determination of xanthone sum in the list for mangiferin in the above-ground part of Hedysarum caucasicum M.Bieb; Based on the obtained data, it has been found that the proposed technique is highly sensitive, reproducible and usable.

Результаты сравнительного аминокислотного анализа видов рода копеечник, произрастающих на территории Северного Кавказа

The results of the complex study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the aminoacids of the grass of three species of the genus Hedysarum growing in the territory of the North Caucasus are presented in the article. The objective of the work is to prepare the comparative aminoacid analysis in three samples of a species of Hedysarum growing in the territory of the North Caucasus. Materials and methods. Qualitative analysis of the amino acid composition was carried out by reaction with ninhydrin, and the quantification of free forms of amino acids was determined by photometric detection at a wavelength of 570 nm on an amino acid analyzer ААА -400. The content of free and bound amino acids was determined after staining the derivatives with ninhydrin and fixing their content at a wavelength of 440 and 570 nm. Analysis of the amino acid composition of these species Hedysarum daghestanicum , Hedysarum caucasicum , Hedysarum grandiflorum is given for the first time. Results. The comparative amino acid composition of the three studied specimens of the Hedysarum genus species growing on the territory of the North Caucasus showed that significant amino acids in the aboveground organs of the studied species were found, such as aspartic and glutamic acids, as well as proline, leucine, and phenylalanine. Conclusion. In conclusion, it should be noted that the bulk of the detected amino acids belongs to the group of essential amino acids, and in addition, the presence of proline and phenylalanine proves the presence of xanthones. The results of the study can be further used in the preparation of a comprehensive metabolic assessment of medicinal plant materials of species of the genus Hedysarum L.

Variability of Morphological Characteristics of Hedysarum grandiflorum (Fabaceae, Dicotyledones) in Various Ecological Conditions of the Southern Volga Upland

In recent decades the interest to the study of Hedysarum has increased. Researchers touched upon the classical issues of morphology and variability of external features of Hedysarum grandiflorum and other species of Hedysarum (to clarify morphology, to more accurately separate existing species, to describe the morphology of new species, including rare ones) providing almost no detailed descriptions. The paper provides information about the morphology of external features of H. grandiflorum in the Southern Volga Upland. The study was conducted in 2007–2018. We have studied 23 H. grandiflorum cenopopulations in habitats with various environmental conditions, where more than 600 counting sites were laid, and concluded that the morphological features of H. grandiflorum are rather variable and the values of morphometric parameters are higher in the northeastern part of the study area. The well-being of the population is achieved due to some heterogeneity in the size of individual plants and by means of suppressing the growth and size of separate cenopopulations. The decrease in the parameters of signs is often associated with a higher anthropogenic load. Dimensional indicators of individuals from the cenopopulations of the species studied depend on the thickness of soil, which decreases from fescue-feather grass to petrophyte steppes. Cluster analysis has allowed us to divide the cenopopulations into southern, northern and northeastern ones, and those with anthropogenic impact. The least variable and most informative morphological features of H. grandiflorum (in the descending order of importance) are: the length of the standard, the diameter of the caudex, the plant height, the number of foliole pairs, the number of inflorescences, the number of leaves, the length of the unpaired foliole, the number of flowers on the inflorescence, the length of leaves and the width of the unpaired foliole. In the overwhelming majority of the plants encountered, all the petals of the corolla were of uniform light yellow color, turning into a white tint to the edges of the petals. In some cenopopulations, the corolla can be colored differently and unevenly, especially at the keel. Approximately 0.3% of individuals of the corolla petals and/or the lower part of the keel and/or veins are light blue or light pink, less than 0.07% has a light magenta or even light purple tint of the veins of the carina, edges of the petals or the whole corolla. Similar individuals are found in other regions. Many scientists noted this peculiarity a long time ago and had already described this phenomenon as a color variation (for example, H. grandiflorum var. violaceum) or less often, as a subspecies (for example, H. grandiflorum ssp. argenteum). Individuals with recessive coloring of the corolla from the area of study are called intraspecific color variations.

In vitro propagation of endemic species Hedysarum chaiyrakanicum (Tuva Republic, Russia) and its widespread congener, H. gmelini (Fabaceae)

A rare species Hedysarum chaiyrakanicum and a highly polymorphic species H. gmelini were first introduced into in vitro culture. It was shown that MS supplemented by 5 µM BAP is optimal medium for micropropagation of H. gmelini from 90-1 and 92-1 subpopulations, medium with 1 µM BAP is optimal for micropropagation of H. chaiyrakanicum from 45-2 subpopulation, and 10 µM BAP – for H. chaiyrakanicum from 45-1 subpopulation. Seedlings obtained from the seeds of H. gmelinii collected from the subpopulation no. 88 demonstrated a higher tendency to callus formation using BAP. It was also found that in vitro culture of H. chaiyrakanikum was characterized by a higher reproduction rate then H. gmelinii in vitro culture.

Molecular phylogeny and divergence times of the genus Hedysarum (Fabaceae) with special reference to section Multicaulia in Southwest Asia

A total of 93 species of Hedysarum from diverse biogeographic regions, in particular from southwest Asia, were included in phylogenetic analyses using nuclear (ITS) and plastid DNA sequences (trnL–trnF and matK). Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of combined plastid data retrieved Hedysarum as monophyletic, whereas phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear data inferred Hedysarum as non-monophyletic. In both datasets, Hedysarum comprised three distinct and well-supported clades corresponding to sections Hedysarum, Stracheya and Multicaulia. The latter section fell into two distinct lineages, taxonomically redefined as H. subsects. Multicaulia and Crinifera. Thus, our results did not support the monophyly of the three traditionally recognized subsections of Multicaulia. Furthermore, within H. subsect. Crinifera, several species groups were recognized. Bayesian divergence time estimation suggested that the initial radiation of Hedysarum and the subsequent divergence of its major clades started in the middle Miocene and extended into the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Based on the molecular phylogenetic results, an updated taxonomic treatment is provided for H. subsects. Multicaulia and Crinifera as well as for H. sect. Stracheya expanded to include H. tibeticum plus four species traditionally placed in H. subsect. Subacaulia. For species of H. sect. Stracheya, a determination key is given.

Contribution to the flora of Pakistan: Hedysarum alii and H. shahjinalense spp. nov. (Fabaceae) and three new records

Two new species of Hedysarum, H. alii Haidar Ali & Qaiser sp. nov. and H. shahjinalense Haidar Ali & Qaiser sp. nov. are described from Chitral in Pakistan. As far as known, both new species are endemic to Chitral and are categorized as ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR). In addition, three other species of Hedysarum are recorded from Pakistan for the first time, viz. H. volkii Rech. f., H. brahuicum Boiss. and H. sericeum M. Bieb. These are also ‘Critically Endangered’ (CR) at a national level. A key to all 12 species of Hedysarum occurring in Pakistan is provided.