Species Of Guatteria Research Articles

Two new magnoliid (Annonaceae, Lauraceae) tree species from Manabí, western Ecuador

Western Ecuador harbours high plant diversity and endemism. The region of Manabí has known intense deforestation over the last decades, but lowland rain forests persist in a network of small forest fragment patches. Here, we describe two new magnoliid tree species from a small privately owned forest fragment known as La Esperanza reserve, in the El Carmen canton (Manabí): Aniba ecuadorica (Lauraceae) and Guatteria esperanzae (Annonaceae). For both species a detailed morphological description, a preliminary conservation status following IUCN criteria, distribution maps and high quality photographs are provided. This represents the second species of Aniba known to occur in western Ecuador, while there are 14 species of Guatteria documented for Ecuador west of the Andes. Aniba ecuadorica is only known from two localities and has a preliminary IUCN conservation status of Critically Endangered, while Guatteria esperanzae is known from six localities and is suggested to be Endangered. Finally, we provide a quick overview of Guatteria species in western Ecuador with a key to the species in the region. The description of these two new tree species underlines the important need of prospection and conservation of the remnant forests in the Manabí region of western Ecuador. We also stress the importance of privately owned forest fragments for biodiversity conservation.

A method for making Red List assessments with herbarium data and distribution models for species‐rich plant taxa: Lessons from the Neotropical genus Guatteria (Annonaceae)

Societal Impact StatementDespite its importance, biodiversity is declining rapidly. To adequately prioritise conservation efforts, we need to know how threatened species actually are. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is the most widely recognised tool for assessing extinction risk. Unfortunately, many lesser‐known species are not yet represented, such as those that are rarely collected or are in species‐rich taxon groups. This is potentially due to low data availability, although Red List assessments can still be made with little data. We present a method to rapidly assess the conservation status of species that have low data availability, which will speed up the inclusion of species from large groups into the IUCN Red List.Summary• The International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List is the most widely recognised tool to assess the extinction risk of species. For it to be effective in directing conservation effort, it is important that as many species as possible are represented, but many are unfortunately not. A lack of data is often the main reason for this, especially for lesser‐studied species. However, this does not mean assessments cannot be made.• We examine the use of georeferenced herbarium data in combination with species distribution modelling for assessing plants on the IUCN Red List, with Guatteria (Annonaceae), a genus of Neotropical trees, as a case study. We focus on differences between preliminary and officially published assessments, show the final conservation status of all Guatteria species and provide a roadmap for compiling Red List assessments for species‐rich plant groups in the future.• We found that species‐distribution models aid in compiling Red List assessments, especially for taxa that lack data, but expert opinion remains an important source of information. Half of Guatteria species (48.0%) are Least Concern, and 13.1% of species are near threatened or threatened. The remaining species are Data Deficient or Not Evaluated. Most of our preliminary assessments remained unchanged upon review and publication on the IUCN Red List.• Our method allows for assessing a large group of taxa in a relatively short amount of time. We argue that this benefit outweighs the potential disadvantage of a lack of detail in these assessments, emphasising the potential of this method for future Red List assessments.

In vitro Antiproliferative and Antibacterial Activities of Essential Oils from Four Species of Guatteria.

The essential oils (EOs) extracted from four species of the genus Guatteria, G. australis, G. ferruginea, G. latifolia, and G. sellowiana were analyzed. A total of 24, 22, 25, and 19 constituents of the oils from four species, respectively, were identified by GC/MS. These oils showed qualitative and quantitative differences. All the oils contained the oxygenated sesquiterpenes spathulenol (11.04 - 40.29%) and caryophyllene oxide (7.74 - 40.13%) as predominant constituents. Evaluation of antiproliferative activity of the EOs showed strong selectivity (1.1 - 4.1 μg/ml) against the tumor cell line OVCAR-03 (ovarian cancer), i.e., more active than the positive control doxorubicin (11.7 μg/ml). All EOs showed strong antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.062 - 0.25 mg/ml) against strains of Rhodococcus equi.

Isoquinoline alkaloids isolated from three Guatteria species

The chemical investigation of the aerial parts of Guatteria ferruginea collected in the National Park of Serra dos Órgãos, Teresópolis, Brazil and of Guatteria latifolia and Guatteria sellowiana collected in the National Park of Itatiaia, Itatiaia, Brazil resulted in the isolation and identification of six isoquinoline alkaloids, two aporphine alkaloids 3-hydroxy-nornuciferine (1), nornuciferine (2) and four oxoaporphine alkaloids lysicamine (3), isomoschatoline (4), liriodenine (5) and O-methylmoschatoline (6). The isoquinoline alkaloids were found in the species G. ferruginea, G. latifolia and G. sellowiana for the first time and they support the taxonomic position within the genus Guatteria. Isoquinoline alkaloids (5–6) can be considered chemotaxonomic markers of the subfamily Annonoideae.

Aporphine alkaloids from the stem bark of Guatteria pogonopus (Annonaceae)

• Eleven aporphine alkaloids for the first time in the stem bark of Guatteria pogonopus . • The alkaloids supports the strong relationship with other Guatteria species. • Launobine is been described for the first time in Annonaceae. • Reviewed NMR data for puterine, launobine, isopiline, and oxoputerine.

Guatteria darienensis (Annonaceae), a new species from Panama and Colombia

Guatteria Ruiz & Pavón (1794: 85) is the largest genus of Annonaceae with about 210 recognized species (Chatrou et al. 2012, Maas et al. 2011). It comprises small- to medium- sized trees, rarely canopy trees or shrubs, and only two species are lianas, Guatteria scandens Ducke (1925:10) and G. fractiflexa Maas & Westra (2008: 491; Erkens et al. 2008). It is widely distributed throughout Mesoamerica, the Caribbean, and tropical South America (Erkens & Maas 2008). Species of Guatteria are common members of Neotropical forests where they occupy a wide variety of habitats, such as lowland rain forests, gallery forests, semideciduous forests, coastal forests, inundated forests, savannas and montane forests (Erkens et al. 2007b). However, the highest species diversity is found in the Amazon Basin with approximately half of the species occurring there. Central America harbours ca. 30 species, mostly endemics (Erkens et al. 2008) of which ca. 20 species occur in Panama, a highly under-collected country with respect to Guatteria (Erkens et al. 2006). In the adjacent Colombian Chocó region, we found ca. ten endemic species, and to date, only two species, Guatteria aberrans Erkens & Maas (2006: 201) and the new species described in this paper, are restricted to Panama and northwestern Colombia.

A new species of Guatteria (Annonaceae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

One of the most important families in terms of species richness in the Atlantic Forest and other lowland tropical forests is Annonaceae (Leitão-Filho 1987, Ter Steege et al. 2000), among which Guatteria is one of the largest genera with 211 species (Maas et al. 2011); it is also one of the most diverse genera of Neotropical trees. Erkens et al. (2007) stated that an updated revision is needed, and Lobão et al. (2012) revised the species of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Annonaceae da Reserva Natural Vale, Linhares, Espírito Santo

As Annonaceae da Reserva Natural Vale, localizada em Linhares, Espírito Santo, estão distribuídas em 11 gêneros e 27 espécies. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os gêneros e para as espécies e ilustrações dos caracteres diagnósticos. O gênero com maior número de espécies é Annona, com cinco, seguido por Guatteria com quatro. Duguetia, Honschuchia, Oxandra e Xylopia têm três espécies cada e Unonopsis, duas espécies. Anaxagorea, Cymbopetalum, Ephedranthus e Pseudoxandra são representados por apenas uma espécie cada. São endêmicas da Mata Atlântica 18 espécies, das quais quatro são endêmicas da Reserva Natural Vale. A identidade das espécies de Guatteria na Reserva é controversa. Flores masculinas de Pseudoxandra spiritus-sancti são descritas pela primeira vez, constituindo também o primeiro relato de androdioicia em Pseudoxandra.

New species of <I>Annonaceae</I> from the Neotropics and miscellaneous notes

In this paper six new Neotropical species in four genera are described, viz. Annona oxapampae, Duguetia vaupesana, Guatteria castilloi, G. pachyphylla, G. sanctae-crucis and Pseudoxandra xylopiifolia. Furthermore additional data on four poorly known species of Guatteria (G. denudata, G. glauca, G. modesta and G. terminalis) are added.

An unusual new species of Guatteria (Annonaceae) from French Guiana and adjacent Brazil (Amapá)

During a taxonomic treatment of Annonaceae for the Flora of the Guianas project, an unusual new species of Guatteria Ruiz & Pav., G. anteridifera from French Guiana and Amapa in Brazil (Northern South America) was found and described herein.

Aporphine Alkaloids from Guatteria stenopetala (Annonaceae)

Guatteria species (Annonaceae) are rich in isoquinoline alkaloids that contain a restricted β-phenethylamine moiety and thus have potential as monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors for the treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Three aporphine alkaloids have been isolated from G. stenopetala, the known oxoaporphine dicentrinone (1), and two novel compounds, N-methyldicentrinone (2) and 4,5-dioxodehydrodicentrine (3). Their inhibitory effects on MAO-B were evaluated, but none of them was significantly active.

Seven Taxonomic Discoveries in Annonaceae from South-Eastern Central America

During fieldwork in Costa Rica and Panama five undescribed species of Guatteria and one new species of Desmopsis were collected and are described here. Additionally, a poorly known species of Pseudomalmea is described.

Leaf volatile oils from four BrazilianXylopia species

The leaf oils of Xylopia aromatica, X. cayennensis, X. emarginata and X. nitida were obtained by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC-MS. The main compounds found in the oil of X. aromatica were bicyclogermacrene (36.5%), spathulenol (20.5%) and limonene (4.6%). The oil from X. cayennensis was dominated by α-pinene (29.2%), β-pinene (16.5%), caryophyllene oxide (14.5%), bicyclogermacrene (14.5%), germacrene D (4.7%) and 1,8-cineole (4.5%). The major constituent identified in the oil of X. emarginata was spathulenol (73.0%). The main components found in the oil of X. nitida were γ-terpinene (44.1%), p-cymene (13.7%), α-terpinene (12.6%) and limonene (11.3%). Early papers indicated that spathulenol and caryophyllene oxide are also important volatile compounds found in the leaf oils of Xylopia, Duguetia and Guatteria species. At first sight they could be considered as chemotaxonomic markers to these Annonaceae genera. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Essential Oils of Annonaceae. Part VIII. Volatile Constituents of the Essential Oils from Three Guatteria Species

The essential oils isolated from three Guatteria species, Annonaceae (G. ouregou Dun., G. sagotiana R.E. Fries and G. wachenheimi Benoist) have been examined by GC and GC/MS. The main components of each oil (>5%) were: G. ouregou root oil: caryophyllene oxide (24.8%), α-cadinol (11.4%), trans-carveol (8.4%) and spathulenol (5 7%); G. sagotiana fruit oil: γ-terpinene (25.4%), p-cymene (24.9%), caryophyllene oxide (8.4%) and β-caryophyllene (7.4%); G. wachenheimi stem bark oil: borneol (20.4%), δ-3-carene (19.9%), caryophyllene oxide (8.3%) and limonene (6.2%); and G. wachenheimi leaf oil: β-caryophyllene (19.2%), caryophyllene oxide (12.3%), spathulenol (11.4%), α-humulene (8.8%) and borneol (8.4%).

Guatteria rupestris (Annonaceae), a New Species from Minas Gerais, Brazil

Guatteria rupestris Mello-Silva & Pirani, a new species of Annonaceae, is described. It is distinct because of a combination of several characters, mainly the shrubby, sclerophyllous habit with small, coriaceous, and prominently veined leaves. The new species occurs in open rocky areas in some serras of the Espinha9o range, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Besides the description and illustration, comments on its probable taxonomic relationships, habitat, and distribution are presented. A key that distinguishes G. rupestris from the other sympatric species of Guatteria is also provided. The genus Guatteria, with approximately 250 described species, is the largest of the Annonaceae. Many of the 170-odd species described by Fries were published in 1939. Since his works, relatively few species have been described (Barringer, 1984; Bisse, 1975; Johnson & Murray, 1990; Maas et al., 1988; Mello-Silva & Pirani, 1988). While performing floristic surveys of the Annonaceae of the EspinhaSo range, in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil, two new species were found: G. notabilis Mello-Silva & Pirani (1988) and G. rupestris, here presented. Guatteria rupestris Mello-Silva & Pirani, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Itacambira, ca. de 2 km da cidade na estrada para Juramento, afloramento rochoso no campo rupestre, 17?S, 43050'W, 14 Dec. 1989, J. R. Pirani, P. T. Sano, A. Freire-Fierro & T. R. S. Silva CFCR 12752 (holotype, SPF-3 sheets; isotypes, K, MBM, MO, NY, RB, U). Figure 1. Frutex vel arbor parva, circa 1.5-4 m alt. Rami adscendentes aut patentes, ramuli ochracei-hirtelli vel tomentosi vel glabri. Folia breviter petiolata, lamina coriacea, venosa, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel obovatoelliptica, 3.5-8(-12) cm longa, (1.5-)2-3(-4) cm lata, ad apicem rotundata vel retusa vel breviter acuminata, ad marginem revoluta, glabra vel subtus ad nervum medium dense hirtella; venatio brochidodroma. Inflorescentiae axillares, uniflorae. Sepala libera, deltata, circa 4 mm longa, 3 mm lata; petala aequalia, oblonga vel oblongospathulata, ad apicem rotundata vel obtusa, 8-15 mm longa, 5-10 mm lata; stamina numerosa, circa 1.8 mm NOVON 4: 146-150. 1994. longa, disco connectivi piano haud umbonato, aurantiaco; carpellis circa 2 mm longis. Monocarpia 10-17, teretesellipsoidea, 7-10 mm longa, 3.5-5 mm crassa, stipite 27 mm longo suffulta. Shrub to small tree, 1.5-4 m tall. Twigs ascending or spreading, blackish, brownish or grayish, somewhat wrinkled to reticulate, the younger ones ochraceous-hirsutulous or tomentose or glabrous; internodes 5-20 mm long. Petiole incrassate, 1.5-4 mm long, ca. 1.5-2 mm diam., flat to somewhat canaliculate above, blackish, ochraceous-hirsutulous to glabrous, as the twigs. Leaf blade elliptic to oblongelliptic or obovate-elliptic, rarely oblong, 3.5-8 (-12) cm long, (1.5-)2-3(-4) cm wide, coriaceous, in vivo light green with primary vein initially greenish red and, later, ochre-colored below, glabrous above, sparsely hirsutulous to glabrous below, base attenuate to decurrent on the petiole, apex rounded and often retuse or short-acuminate, margins revolute mostly toward base; primary vein flat above, prominent and densely hirsutulous below, venation brochidodromous or rarely eucamptodromous, secondary veins straight (to slightly curved), 8-11 (-16) per side, ascending at 70? from perpendicular, loop-forming at acute to right angles, loops mostly distinct, enclosed by secondary arches, distance between loop and margin 2-3(-4) mm, tertiary veins reticulate, secondary and tertiary venation prominent on both sides. Inflorescences axillary, within (or just below) foliate zone, single-flowered. Peduncle 1(-2.5) mm long, 1.5-2 mm diam., tomentose or glabrous; bracts 3, soon deciduous, pellucid-dotted, the proximal one ca. 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. Pedicel ca. 3(-6) mm long, 1.5-2 mm diam., hirsutulous or glabrous, as the twigs. Flowers in vivo light green with ochraceous indument. Sepals triangular, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, acute, tomentose on the abaxial side, glabrous on the adaxial side. Petals oblong to oblong-spatulate, rounded to obtuse at apex, 8-15 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, pubescent on both sides but glabrous in the lower part on the adaxial side. Stamens numerous, ca. 1.8 mm long, apex of connective flat, not umbonate, orange, anthers extrorse, outer thecae longer than the inner This content downloaded from 157.55.39.104 on Sun, 19 Jun 2016 06:30:29 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Mello-Silva & Pirani

Aporphinoid alkaloids of Guatteria oliviformis and G. Tonduzii

The isolation and identification of aporphinoid alkaloids from two Costa Rican Guatteria species is described. The aporphine alkaloids (−)-anonaine, (+)-isocorydine, (−)-roemerine and the oxoaporphine alkaloid liriodenine were isolated from Guatteria oliviformis while the aporphine alkaloids (−)-anolobine and (−)-roemeroline, along with the oxoaporphine alkaloid O-methylmoschatoline, were isolated from Guatteria tonduzii.