Species Of Endophytic Bacteria Research Articles

Isolation and Identification of Turmeric Rhizome Endophytic Bacteria (Curcuma longa L.) Using the 16s rRNA Method

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), is one of the components of traditional medicine. Oleoresin, curcumin, resin, essential oils, desmetoxycurcumin, and bidesmetoxic curcumin are secondary metabolite compounds found in turmeric rhizomes. The aim of this research is to obtain pure isolates and identify specific bacterial species using Gram staining and 16S rRNA methods which are expected to be used as raw materials for new drugs. The hypothesis of this research is that isolates and species of endophytic bacteria were obtained from turmeric rhizomes (Curcuma longa L.). The methods used include material preparation, sample preparation and sterilization, bacterial isolation, DNA isolation, and sequencing. Seven isolates of turmeric rhizome bacteria (Curcuma longa L.) were obtained and the results of molecular identification were carried out on 1 isolate using the 16S rRNA method with code BE.K.5, which is homologous/has 94% similarity to Lysinibacilus sphaericus

Биоразнообразие эндофитных бактерий населяющих кукурузу

The article studies the biodiversity of endophytic bacteria inhabiting maize. Samples of maize tissues (root, stem, leaves) were analyzed, and many different species of endophytic bacteria were detected. These include representatives of the types Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Bdellovibrionota, Desulfobacterota, Firmicutes, Myxococcota, Planctomycetota, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota. The research findings demonstrate the significant role of endophytic bacteria in plant life and can be applied to improve plant resistance to diseases and increase crop yields. Keywords: BIODIVERSITY, ENDOPHYTIC, BACTERIA, FUNGICIDES, PLANT PROTECTION

Antifungal Activity and Effect of Plant-Associated Bacteria on Phenolic Synthesis of Quercus robur L.

Europe's forests, particularly in Ukraine, are highly vulnerable to climate change. The maintenance and improvement of forest health are high-priority issues, and various stakeholders have shown an interest in understanding and utilizing ecological interactions between trees and their associated microorganisms. Endophyte microbes can influence the health of trees either by directly interacting with the damaging agents or modulating host responses to infection. In the framework of this work, ten morphotypes of endophytic bacteria from the tissues of unripe acorns of Quercus robur L. were isolated. Based on the results of the sequenced 16S rRNA genes, four species of endophytic bacteria were identified: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Delftia acidovorans, and Lelliottia amnigena. Determining the activity of pectolytic enzymes showed that the isolates B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens could not cause maceration of plant tissues. Screening for these isolates revealed their fungistatic effect against phytopathogenic micromycetes, namely Fusarium tricinctum, Botrytis cinerea, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Inoculation of B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and their complex in oak leaves, in contrast to phytopathogenic bacteria, contributed to the complete restoration of the epidermis at the sites of damage. The phytopathogenic bacteria Pectobacterium and Pseudomonas caused a 2.0 and 2.2 times increase in polyphenol concentration in the plants, respectively, while the ratio of antioxidant activity to total phenolic content decreased. Inoculation of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis isolates into oak leaf tissue were accompanied by a decrease in the total pool of phenolic compounds. The ratio of antioxidant activity to total phenolic content increased. This indicates a qualitative improvement in the overall balance of the oak leaf antioxidant system induced by potential PGPB. Thus, endophytic bacteria of the genus Bacillus isolated from the internal tissues of unripe oak acorns have the ability of growth biocontrol and spread of phytopathogens, indicating their promise for use as biopesticides.

Optimization of NH4NO3 in Phaseolus vulgaris with Bacillus thuringiensis and Micromonospora echinospora plus crude extract of carbon nanoparticles

Nitrogenous fertilizer (NF) such as NH4NO3 is required to maintain the healthy growth of Phaseolus vulgaris, but when NF is applied indiscriminately, it causes hyperfertilization of the soil. One option is to reduce NH4NO3 and then optimize in P. vulgaris seed with s Bacillus thuringiensis and Micromonospora echinospora genus and species of endophytic bacteria plus a crude carbon nanoparticle extract (CENC). Under greenhouse conditions, P. vulgaris seeds were inoculated with B. thuringiensis and M. echinospora, then applied a CENC and fed at 50% NH4NO3, the response variables were germination and seedling phenology/biomass. All numerical data of the experimental were validated by ANOVA/Tukey (p < 0.05). The results showed a healthy growth of P. vulgaris with B. thuringiensis and M. echinospora at 50% NH4NO3 plus 20 ppm of CENC according to the percentage of germination, phenology and seedling biomass, including all numerical values have a statistical difference compared to those registered in P. vulgaris without B. thuringiensis and M. echinospora, at 100% NH4NO3, neither CENC nor relative control (CR). The positive effect of B. thuringiensis and M. echinospora on P. vulgaris at 50% NH4NO3 was enhanced by CENC to maximize the optimization of NF without loss of soil fertility or risk of environmental contamination.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF CATFISH SEEDS (Pangasius sp.) WHICH IS GIVEN AN ANTHILL TUBER EXTRACT

The use of probiotics, prebiotics and aquaculture synbiotics is widely applied to aquaculture intensification as control agents. Three species of endophytic bacteria were found, namely Bacillus sp. (1), Bacillus sp. (2), and Bacillus pumilus which is associated with anthill plants and can produce antioxidant compounds. This study aims to evaluate the growth performance of catfish fry (Pangasius sp.) given ant nest tuber extract. In this study, ant nest tuber extract was mixed into feed using the coated method in doses of 0% (A), 1% (B) and 2% (C). Fish with an initial body weight of 2.00-3.17 g were kept in three ponds with a total of 9 nets measuring 1x1x1 (m 3) (30 fish/nets), is 3 nets placed in each pond. Fish were fed treatment with three replications for 30 days. The results of this study are the average final biomass weight of catfish ranging from 8.75 to 22.17 g, in all treatments not significantly different from K. The average value of JKP, RKP, EP, LPH and Wg obtained on administration of the doses of 1% and 2% ant nest tuber extract were not significantly different for K. The highest amylase enzyme activity and feed efficiency were found in the catfish fry group that consumed feed supplementation with 1% ant nest tuber extract, each of 9.537 IU/mL. and 102.57% and the least feed consumption, namely 443.33 g. It can be concluded that the best dose of ant nest tuber extract which produces amylase enzyme activity and the highest feed efficiency is found in the catfish fry group that consumes feed supplementation with 1% ant nest tuber extract.

Communities of endophytic bacteria from Cereus peruvianus Mill. (Cactaceae) plants obtained from seeds and from in vitro-regenerated somaclone

Bioprospecting of endophytic microorganisms has been considered a promising resource for obtaining new biomolecules with biotechnological applications. Since few studies are available on the diversity of endophytic bacteria associated with species of the Cactaceae family, current analysis isolates and characterizes the communities of endophytic bacteria associated with the species of C. peruvianus grown in vivo obtained from seed and with somaclone of the same species regenerated in vitro to prospect for their plant-growth promoting activity. Isolation of endophytic bacteria from plants obtained from seeds and from regenerated somaclone in vitro identified nine species of endophytic bacteria (Moraxela osloensis, Corynebacterium mycetoides, Micrococcus luteus, Kocuria palustris, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus cohnii, Pseudomonas stuzeri, Bacillus licheniformis and Microbacterium sp.) not previously described in cacti, and signalized the somaclones as the most promising source of endophytic bacteria for obtaining new biomolecules with biotechnological applications. Somaclones are indicated as the most promising source of endophytic bacteria due to their high concentration of endophytes per gram identified in fresh somaclone tissue, the identification of the highest proportion endophytic bacteria, a source of IAA, and with the highest capacity of biological nitrogen fixation, and EPS production exclusively by the endophytic bacteria isolated from the in vitro regenerated somaclone.

Acclimatization of Musa spp. seedlings using endophytic Bacillus spp. and Buttiauxella agrestis strains

The association of different species of endophytic bacteria with the rhizosphere of the host plants can stimulate growth, development and acclimatization, offering a greater quantity of seedlings, in addition to reducing the cycle, providing economic return to the producer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of introduction four bacterial isolates through inoculation into the root system in three banana cultivars (Prata Anã, Grande Naine and BRS Princesa) in the acclimatization phase. The evaluated treatments were: control (nutrient broth without bacteria); Bacillus cereus strain 1 (BC1); Bacillus cereus strain 2 (BC2); Bacillus thuringiensis (BT); Buttiauxella agrestis (BA). The morphological characteristics related to the development of the plants (total height and pseudostem diameter) were evaluated throughout the acclimatization period. After 90 days of transplanting and acclimatization, root length, leaf number, dry root weight, pseudostem and leaf, leaf area, internal carbon concentration, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, leaf temperature and chlorophyll were evaluated.The bacteria showed different results in relation to the studied cultivars. Considering the morphological and physiological characteristics observed in this study, B. thuringiensis for the cultivars Prata Anã and Grande Naine and the B. agrestis for the cultivar BRS Princesa are recommended for the process of acclimatization of banana seedlings, as they stimulated growth of the plant, increasing the dry mass, besides promoting the growth of roots. In this way, they improved the physiological aspects of the plants and reduced the period of acclimatization of the banana.

Allelopathic potential of root endophytic bacterial metabolites on seeds germination of Casuarina equisetifolia

We determined the role of endophytic bacteria of C. equietifolia, involved in synthesis of allelochemicals. The root endophytic bacteria were isolated and their biological activity was studied to determine their allelopathic potential in fermentation broth. Twenty one species of endophytic bacteria were isolated from the C. equisetifolia roots, of which Bacillus were the dominant genus, Acinetobacter and Staphylococcus were other dominant genera. These 21 endophytic bacteria inhibited the seeds germination of C. equisetifolia, among which Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was most inhibitory. Main allelopathic components of fermentation broth of 3-endophytic bacteria (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus aryabhattai and Paenibacillus glycanilyticus) with strongest allelopathic potential were rich in phenols, esters, organic acids, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones etc. Among them, two allelopathic substances [2,2'-methylenebis[6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-Phenol and 1,2,3,4-Butanetetrol] were present in both endophytic bacteria fermentation broth and in root and soil extracts. These results confirmed that the secondary metabolites of C. equisetifolia root endophytic bacteria were allelopathic.

Endophytic microorganisms for biocontrol of the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea

Botrytis cinerea is the most widely studied necrotrophic phytopathogenic fungus. It causes economic losses that are difficult to calculate due to the large number of hosts. While there are a wide array of fungicides on the market to control this phytopathogen, they are not considered sustainable in terms of the environment and human health. The search for new alternatives to control this phytopathogen has led to the use of endophytic microorganisms as biological control agents. Endophytic bacteria and endophytic fungi have been isolated from different plant species and some have proven effective in inhibiting B. cinerea. Furthermore, a significant number of fungistatic or fungicidal metabolites which could be used as alternative complementary chemical controls have been isolated from these fungi and bacteria. In this review, in addition to the metabolites which have shown fungicide activity against this phytopathogen, the different genera and species of endophytic bacteria and fungi are also considered. These have been isolated from various plant species and have displayed antagonistic activity against B. cinerea.

Endophytic interaction of Bacillus sp. in micropropagated banana plantlets

The banana tree is associated with different species of endophytic bacteria that can stimulate plant growth. However, further studies are needed to better understand the relationships between this group of bacteria and the host plant. The objective of this study was to investigate the localization of the EB-40 (Bacillus sp.) through anatomical and ultrastructural analyses in micropropagated banana plantlets. The results demonstrated the effective colonization of the EB-40 isolate in the intercellular and intracellular spaces, as well as in the rhizosphere region. The wall of endophytic bacteria contains calcium and nitrogen. The EB-40 isolate was also observed to associate with the plasma membrane and cell wall. These results further our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the colonization of plant cells by endophytic bacteria in micropropagated banana plantlets.

Improvement Salt Tolerance of Safflower Plants by Endophytic Bacteria

Salinity is one of the most dangerous environmental limiting factors of the plant productivity. A wide range of adaptation strategies is required to overcome salinity stress. However, such strategies seem to be long drawn and cost-intensive. It has been confirmed in recent years that plant growth promoting endophytes (PGPEs) that have the ability to further build a symbiotic association with their host to improve host plant salt tolerance. In our investigation try to improve plant salt tolerance using different species of endophytic bacteria. From the total eight endophytic bacterial species were isolated from root, stem, and leaf of Carthamustinctorius (safflower) plant, two isolates were capable of using 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) as a sole nitrogen source, and they are of positive results for (ACC) deaminase activity and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. The bacterial isolates were identified using 16S ribosomal DNA technique as Bacillus cereus and Bacillus aerius and had accession numbers MG708176 and MG711593 respectively, by submitting their sequences in GenBank database. This study showed that the bacterial strains B. cereus and B. aerius are valuable biological plant growth promoters that could enhance salt tolerance in Safflower plants under 100, 200, and 300mMNaCl levels resulting in an increase in plant growth and ascorbate-glutathione redox cycle, in comparison with the non-inoculated controls. Our findings reported that the co-inoculation of the two selected endophytic bacteria strains were successfully isolated from Safflower seedlings significantly alleviated the harmful effects of salt stress, promoted plant growth and biomass yield.

Antibacterial Activity of Bacterial Endophytes from Kupa Plant (Syzygium Polycephalum Miq. (Merr & Perry) Against Pathogenic Bacteria

The World Health Organization confirms that infectious diseases are normally treated using synthetic antibiotics. The bacterial endophytes from the tropical plant Syzygium polycephalum, locally known as Kupa, can be used as an alternative solution to reduce the utilization of synthetic antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to obtain one of the most potent bacterial endophytes to be used as antibacterial agents. In the present study, descriptive analysis was conducted consisting of bacterial isolation by pour plate method, bacterial identification with Vitek 2 compact BIOMERIEUX and antibacterial test by Kirby-bauer method. A total of 9 isolates of bacterial endophytes have been successfully obtained. From these isolates, a total of 4 species of endophytic bacteria were identified: Bacillus sp. (1), Bacillus sp. (2), Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Our antibacterial tests revealed that Bacillus sp. (2) derived from the leaves appeared to be the most potent antibacterial isolates against pathogenic bacteria with 22 and 9 mm of inhibitory zone to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to Bacilluscereus, respectively. On the other hand, endophytic isolate Bacillus sp (1) derived from stem was able to inhibit Klebsiellapneumoniae and B. cereus with inhibitory zones as much as 10 and 7 mm, respectively. This result strongly indicated that the antibacterial effect of bacterial endophytes from this study was species-specific and indeed the bacterial endophytes in this study could serve as a potential source of novel natural antibiotics.

Bacterias endófitas promotoras de crecimiento aisladas de pasto colosoana, departamento de Sucre, Colombia

Objetivo. Evaluar in vitro la eficiencia de las bacterias endófitas promotoras de crecimiento aisladas de diferentes tejidos de pasto colosuana en el municipio de Corozal, departamento de Sucre, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se aislaron bacterias endófitas, se determinó densidad poblacional en UFC/g de tejido, seguidamente se llevó a cabo pruebas cuantitativas y cualitativas de las actividades de FBN, solubilización de fosfatos, producción de sideróforos y de AIA para finalmente se realizó identificación por secuenciamiento de las aquellas bacterias que tuvieron actividad positiva de promoción de crecimiento. Resultados. Las mayores poblaciones fueron encontradas en raíces (5.0 X 1010 3.8 X 1010 2.8 X 1010 2.4 X 1010 y 1.5 X1010 UFC/g de tejido, para los corregimientos de La Peñas, El Mamón, Cantagallo, Chapinero y Hato Nuevo, respectivamente) con respecto a tallo y hoja. Un total de 53 bacterias endófitas aisladas, 18 mostraron capacidad reductora de N2 a amonio; 15 morfotipos mostraron capacidad solubilizadora de fosfatos; 8 de producción de ácido indol acético y 12 de productoras de sideróforo. Conclusiones. Este trabajo aisló bacterias endófitas con capacidad de promover el crecimiento vegetal. Dos especies de bacterias endófitas fueron identificadas como Delftia tsuruhatensis y Pseudomonas hibiscicola (S. maltophilia), las cuales mostraron excelentes resultados de solubilización de fosfatos, reducen N2 a amonio, producción de ácido índol acético y la producción de sideróforos.

BIODIVERSITY OF ENDOPHYTIC BACTERIA AS A PROMISING BIOTECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCE

Abstract Endophytic called bacteria are those colonizing the internal tissues of plants without caus-ing disease and not rendering negative influence on its development. There are great prospects for search, selection and study of new species of endophytic bacteria, improving the development of plants, with the aim of creating new microbial preparations for adaptive crop production. Since bac-terial endophytes colonize the same ecological niches in the plant as phytopathogenic microorgan-isms, they are a promising agent for biocontrol of phytopathogens. Classical studies of biodiversity of endophytic bacteria based on a characterization of isolates obtained from internal plant tissues after surface sterilization. Endophytic bacteria are able to improve phosphorus nutrition of plants, to pro-duce IAA and siderophores. It is shown that endophytic bacteria are capable of producing vitamins, have a number of additional properties necessary for the improvement of plant development, such as: regulation of osmotic pressure, regulation of stomata, modification of root development of plants, regulation of nitrogen nutrition of plants. Endophytic bacteria are able to reduce or prevent the negative effects of pathogenic microorganisms on plants. Inoculation of plants by endophytic bacteria is able to significantly reduce the harm caused to plants by pathogenic fungi, bacteria, viruses, insects and nematodes. Unique strains of endophytic bacteria can be used directly for inoculation of seeds or seedlings, reducing, thus, the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on the plant, due to the active colonization of internal tissues of plants and subsequent positive biochemical and physiological effect on the plant. While in endosphere, endophytes have a significant advantage over organisms that live in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere due to the stable pH, humidity, flow of nutrients and lack of competition from a large number of microorganisms. For the inoculation of plants with endophytic bacteria do not require large amounts of inoculum, taking into account high specificity of such plant-microbe symbiosis and competitiveness of endophytic bacteria. This technique can be very at-tractive for biotechnological productions, seeking the replacement of traditional chemical pesticides. Keywords: endophytic bacteria, biodiversity, plant-microbial interaction, plant growth promotion biocontrol, secondary metabolites, the genome of bacteria, microbial preparations.