Species Of Adiantum Research Articles

Spore morphology of Adiantum species from the Indian sub-continent using LM and FESEM: Palaeoecological analysis and Phylogenetic delineation

ABSTRACT The palynology of fern spores has proven to be an immensely useful tool in the identification and phylogenetic characterization of various fern taxa. A diverse range of spore morphologies have been studied yet, nevertheless, the investigation of 21 species of Adiantum under Light Microscopy (LM) and Field Emission Electron Microscopy (FESEM) is a maiden attempt from India to develop a spore micro-morphometric dataset that complies with taxonomic traits, fossil counterparts, and evolutionary changes. All the studied spores of Adiantum species possess significant differences in lete character (aperture, primary character); exospores ornamentation (secondary character); and spore shape (tertiary character). The sexine pattern varies from psilate to verrucate, scabrate to granulate, and rugulate to fossulate (eurypalynous type). The perine is a characteristic feature of the fern spores as evident in A. myriosorum, A. zollingeri, and A. philippense, suggesting the diversity among different Adiantum spores. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates three major clusters based on spore morphological characteristics. The evolutionary outcome of this micro-morphometric analysis showed that the spore of A. formosum is composed of the most primitive characters (such as unconstricted lete arm, smooth exospore, and non-perinate sclerine), whereas the spores of A. zollingeri and A. myriosorum comprised advanced characters (such as constricted lete arms, rugulate exospores, and perinate sclerine). This extensive spore morphological examination would provide a comprehensive dataset for the identification of fossil spores (up to the species level) and taxonomic characterization of Adiantum species in India and its comparison with other species growing around the world.

Pharmacognostical Study of Leaf of Hamsapadi (Adiantum Lunulatum)

Pharmacognostical evaluation of leaves of Adiantum lunulatum is done for identification in field and for differentiation from other species of Adiantum. Methods: A detailed literary work of drug studied and its pharmacognostical, phytochemical and analytical study including powder microscopy and taste determination of leaves with suitable instruments. Results: Macroscopic evaluation reveals the pinnacles are half moon shaped, alternate, sub-opposite or opposite in apical portion of the frond, having lobes with minor incisions. In microscopic structure the two surfaces of pinna are covered by epidermis and epidermal cells are wavy in outline. The opening and closing of stomata will be regulated by guard cells, whereas there is absence of stomata on epidermis. The vascular cells are lined by an endodermal tissue. Transverse section of petiole showed that it is externally covered by an epidermis lined by cuticle on its outer wall which renders the petiole to be shining. Below the epidermis is a fairly thick hypodermis made up Sclerenchyma cells of 4-5 layers in thickness. They are dead cells compact in arrangement and look dark in colour. Powder microscopy of leaves reveals shows few Tracheids of the veins and the Parenchyma cells of the leaves. The Sori are very prominent structures occurring at the leaf margin, they are visible characteristically under the microscope. The Sori contain number of Sporangia each Sporangium is lined by cells with U shaped thickening having their outer wall thin in nature. Conclusion: This study will help in Authentication of Hamspadi plant.

An updated account of Adiantum (Pteridaceae: subfamily Vittarioideae) in Thailand

An updated account of Thailand’s maidenhair ferns, Adiantum L. (Pteridaceae), is presented. The genus consists of 20 taxa, including 19 indigenous and 1 naturalised, distributed in various habitats throughout Thailand, and 5 of them are endemic. We accept A. fragiliforme and A. ciliatum as distinct species on the basis of our investigation. We also accept infraspecific taxa within A. philippense, namely A. philippense subsp. philippense and A. philippense subsp. intermedium. Revised descriptions of A. fragiliforme and A. gomphophyllum from southern Thailand are provided, as is an updated key to the species of Adiantum in Thailand, and vernacular names and conservation status assessments.

An overlooked or elusive species? Adiantum raddianum (Pteridaceae), a new record for Honduran Flora

Abstract Adiantum raddianum is reported as a new record for the Honduran Flora. This new occurrence of A. raddianum closes a gap of distribution between Guatemala and Nicaragua. We consider this species vegetably similar to these species of Adiantum in Honduras: A. raddianum, A. amplum, A. andicola, A. capillus-veneris, A. concinnum, A. tenerum, and A. thalictroides. A key to related species is provided.

Meiotic Behaviour in Ten Species of Pteridophytes From Bangladesh

Meiotic behavior of ten pteridophyte species from Bangladesh was analyzed in the present investigation. In SMCs of Adiantum capillus-veneris, thirty distinct bivalents were enumerated. In A. caudatum 16 SMCs resulting 64 spores were observed in sporangium which appeared to be diploid sexual. A. lunulatum was found to be triploid apogamous and as diploid sexual forms, thus this species of Adiantum exhibited wide range of morphological variations. Pteris biaurita, P. graffithi and P. vittata were recorded to be n = 29 as diploid. In thelypterids, all the four species were observed to be diploid sexual except C. dentata when it was tetraploid (n = 36, 4x = 144). In C. arida, meiosis was almost regular with 2n = 72 chromosomes. C. cylindrothrix and Ampelopteris prolifera were also found to be diploid sexual, with 2n = 72 chromosomes. J. Bio-Sci. 29(1): 135-142, 2021 (June)

Taxonomy and spore morphology of genus Adiantum (Vittarioideae; Pteridaceae) from Pakistan.

Taxonomy and spore morphology of genus Adiantum (Vittarioideae; Pteridaceae) from Pakistan is illustrated with scanning electron microscopy images based upon the specimens examined in herbaria of Pakistan, United Kingdom, and United States. A total of five species viz. Adiantum capillus-veneris, A. incisum subsp. incisum, A. pedatum subsp. pedatum, A. tibeticum, and A. venustum were reported with the habitat ecology of the species from Pakistan. Spore morphology of the taxa was trilete, triangular in proximal and distal view, ellipsoidal and hemicircular in equatorial view, polar proximal and distal surface was with tuberculate and granulose ornamentation.

Variation in frequency of plastid RNA editing within Adiantum implies rapid evolution in fern plastomes

Recent studies of plant RNA editing have demonstrated that the number of editing sites can vary widely among large taxonomic groups (orders, families). Yet, very little is known about intrageneric variation in frequency of plant RNA editing, and no study has been conducted in ferns. We determined plastid RNA-editing counts for two species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae), A. shastense and A. aleuticum, by implementing a pipeline that integrated read-mapping and SNP-calling software to identify RNA-editing sites. We then compared the edits found in A. aleuticum and A. shastense with previously published edits from A. capillus-veneris by generating alignments for each plastid gene. We found direct evidence for 505 plastid RNA-editing sites in A. aleuticum and 509 in A. shastense, compared with 350 sites in A. capillus-veneris. We observed striking variation in the number and location of the RNA-editing sites among the three species, with reverse (U-to-C) editing sites showing a higher degree of conservation than forward (C-to-U) sites. Additionally, sites involving start and stop codons were highly conserved. Variation in the frequency of RNA editing within Adiantum implies that RNA-editing sites can be rapidly gained or lost throughout evolution. However, varying degrees of conservation between both C-to-U and U-to-C sites and sites in start or stop codons, versus other codons, hints at the likely independent origin of both types of edits and a potential selective advantage conferred by RNA editing.

Studies on Fern of Lesser Sunda Islands I: Checklist of the Genus Adiantum (Pteridaceae)

Adiantum or maidenhair fern is one of the largest genera in Pteridaceae. We survey their species diversity in Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia through the living collection and herbarium examination. Seventeen species of Adiantum were recorded. including five species that considered as introduced and naturalized species. One species that grows naturally, Adiantum silvaticum, were previously known as endemic to Australia. However, this study revealed the new distribution of this species on Sumba and Flores.

Adiantum (Pteridaceae) in Brazil: Key to the species and illustrations

Abstract: Adiantum is a Pantropical genus of ferns, monophyletic, and has about 225 species. It can be recognized by the indusia with veins, bearing sporangia directly on the underside of its reflexed tissue. About 110 species occur in the Neotropical region and 65 of them are reported to Brazil. Among them, 64 are native species and occur mainly in the Amazon Rainforest, Caatinga, Central Brazilian Savanna, and in the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Among the species that occur in Brazil, 16 are endemic and they represent 25% of the total. This paper presents a key to identify the 63 native species of Adiantum in Brazil, excluding the hybrid one. Illustrations of some morphological features, as well as of all species are also presented to help in the process of identification.

Novelties inAdiantum(Pteridaceae) from South America

Abstract: We describe two new species of Adiantum (Pteridaceae): A. nodosum and A. pseudocajennense. These species occur in the lowland rainforests of the Amazon Basin at 100–350 m in elevation. Both species have laminae 2-pinnate and grow on waterlogged soil in tall swamp forests, but they differ in the rhizome diameter and degree of incision of the pinnule margins. Currently available information suggests that A. pseudocajennense may be endemic to Ecuador, whereas A. nodosum has a wider distribution and is known from Brazil, Colombia and Peru. For both species we present descriptions, distribution statements, comments and illustrations. Citation: Prado J., Hirai R. Y., Smith A. R. & Tuomisto H. 2017: Novelties in Adiantum (Pteridaceae) from South America. — Willdenowia 47: 237–242. doi: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.47.47307 Version of record first published online on 13 November 2017 ahead of inclusion in December 2017 issue.

Anatomical Studies of Selected Species of <I>Adiantum</I> L. in Kerala

In the field of vascular anatomy of ferns it is necessary to study the successive stages through which the fern passes during its development. This procedure not only determines the position, interrelationship and structure of the different vascular components of the mature fern but also shows indications of phylogenetic relationship. For understanding the anatomical features of three species of Adiantum L., stipe of Adiantum caudatum L., Adiantum latifolium Lam. and Adiantum lunulatum Burm., from Kerala were studied. The patterns formed by the protoxylem strands are surprisingly variable among species. A separate key was prepared for the identification of species based on anatomy.

Some Species of Adiantum from the Shivapuri National Park, Central Nepal

Four species of ferns belonging to genus Adiantum and family Adiantaceae were collected from Shivapuri National Park (ShNP). These were Adiantum capillus-veneris L., Adiantum caudatum L., Adiantum philippense L., and Adiantum raddianum C. Presl. Among these, Adiantum raddianum is reported for the first time from Central Nepal.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 26, 2012: 198-202

Adiantumshastense, a new species of maidenhair fern from California.

A new species of Adiantum is described from California. This species is endemic to northern California and is currently known only from Shasta County. We describe its discovery after first being collected over a century ago and distinguish it from Adiantum jordanii and Adiantum capillus-veneris. It is evergreen and is sometimes, but not always, associated with limestone. The range of Adiantum shastense Huiet & A.R.Sm., sp. nov., is similar to several other Shasta County endemics that occur in the mesic forests of the Eastern Klamath Range, close to Shasta Lake, on limestone and metasedimentary substrates.

用核DNA和叶绿体DNA序列鉴别铁线蕨属<italic>Adiantum</italic> L. (凤尾蕨科)新的隐性杂交种

Natural hybridization has been commonly found in ferns and is generally believed to happen independently at different locations if the range of the parent species overlaps. In 2013, we collected seven species of Adiantum from Yuanjiang, Yunnan, China. The identity of one of these collections remained in doubt; the plant is very similar to A. meishanianum ( A. malesianum × A. philippense ), a natural hybrid from Taiwan, China. Morphological comparison showed that this unidentified collection was different from other related taxa. Sequencing of a single copy of an exon ( CRY2 exon 3) of the nuclear genome suggested this plant contained haplotype sequences of both A. sinicum and A. menglianense. Therefore, it should be treated as a new hybrid. Phylogenic analysis based on five chloroplast DNA sequences ( rbc L, atp B, atp A, trn L-F and rps 4- trn S) indicated that the plant was clustered in A. sinicum, which could be considered to be the female parent of the hybrid. This new hybrid is not only similar to A. meishanianum in morphology, but also its parental taxa are in sister groups in the phylogeny. Hence, the new hybrid was considered to be a cryptic hybrid species. Our methods could be extended to identify other potential natural fern hybrids in China. The habit of clonal propagation potentially occurs in nature, so this natural hybrid could easily survive in the field because clonal growth can offset the lack of fitness caused by sexual reproductive isolation, which may be an important reason why so many hybrid ferns exist in nature.

MOLECULAR PHYLOGENY OF MAIDENHAIR FERN GENUS ADIANTUM (PTERIDACEAE) FROM LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS INDONESIA BASED ON RBCL AND TRNL-F

The Lesser Sunda Islands of Indonesia are composed of small islands scattered from Bali to Timor Island. We analyzed a molecular phylogeny of Adiantum collected from Lesser Sunda Islands to reveal its phylogenetic relationships. A total of 12 species of Adiantum from this region and seven species from Java Island were collected and used in this study. Two cpDNA regions (rbcL and trnL-F) were chosen as markers and phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Neighbour-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Parsimony (MP) methods. The tree topologies reconstructed by NJ and MP from specimens used in this study and other species downloaded from GenBank are congruent in which trees are divided into five major clades. Adiantum species of Lesser Sunda Islands are not monophyletic and comprises three clades, i. e. Clade I composed of A. hispidulum group, Clade III composed of A. peruvianum group and Clade IV or A. caudatum group, each together with extra-Lesser Sunda samples. No sample from Lesser Sunda Islands examined is located in Clade II (A. tenerum group) and V (A. capillus-veneris group).

Adiantum papilioRakotondr. & Hemp, sp. nov. (Pteridophyta, Pteridaceae), une nouvelle espèce endémique de Madagascar

Adiantum papilio Rakotondr. & Hemp, sp. nov. (Pteridophyta, Pteridaceae), a new endemic species from Madagascar.A new species of Adiantum (A. papilio Rakotondr. & Hemp, sp. nov.) is described and illustrated from the Antsiranana region in northern Madagascar. Unlike the others Adiantum L. species from Madagascar, A. papilio Rakotondr. & Hemp, sp. nov. has 1-pinnate fronds with opposite to subopposite pinnae. Its morphology is similar to A. balfourii Baker from Erythrea but with an erect rhizome, obdeltoid pinnae with lobed not denticulate margin, and oblong to round not linear indusia.

<I>Adiantum alan-smithii</I> (Pteridaceae), a New Maidenhair Fern from Chiapas, Mexico

Abstract Adiantum alan-smithii (Pteridaceae) is described from Chiapas, Mexico. It is similar to A. raddianum, and previously identified as such, however it can be distinguished by its yellow-farinose indusia, the proximal acroscopic pinnule of each pinna usually overlapping the main rachis, flabellate segments, and rachises that are weakly flexuose distally. In contrast, A. raddianum has non-farinose indusia, the proximal pinnule of each pinna does not overlap the main rachis, and segments are obovate to rhomboid. The new species is described, illustrated, and a key to species of the A. raddianum group in Mexico is provided. This contribution adds an additional endemic species of Adiantum to the flora of Mexico, and is part of our ongoing effort to improve the circumscription of A. raddianum, one of the most over-applied names in the Neotropical fern flora.

A report on pharmacognostical evaluation of four Adiantum species, Pteridophyta, for their authentication and quality control

Genus Adiantum L., Pteridaceae, is an important fern used in traditional systems of medicine. Different species of Adiantum are known as avenca in Brazil; hansraj/hanmspadi in India; maiden hair fern in English. The present study aims to develop the quality control parameters of four similar looking Adiantum species viz. A. capillus-veneris L., A. lunulatum Burm. f., A. peruvianum Klotzsch, and A. venustum D. Don. Standard methods for macro-microscopic evaluation, physicochemical parameters and HPTLC were used for authentication and identification. The salient distinctive characters under the microscope are the presence of slightly wavy elongated epidermal cells in A. capillus-veneris; epidermal cells strongly wavy in A. lunulatum; star shaped epidermal cells and mixed spores of regular and irregular shaped in A. peruvianum; stomata on both the surfaces of pinnule, absence of spinulus spores only in A. venustum. In addition, rachis anatomy showed different cellular and stellar characteristics as identifying characters of aforesaid four Adiantum species. Physico-chemical parameters and HPTLC finger print profiles along with stigmasterol and lupeol play significant role for the quality evaluation of raw drugs. The above finding will serve the purpose of quality control and assurance for the future studies.

O gênero Adiantum (Pteridaceae) no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Resumo Adiantum L. é um gênero facilmente reconhecível pela presença de pseudo-indúsio com nervuras, formado pela margem revoluta da lâmina. Compreende espécies terrestres ou epipétricas. É um grupo Pantropical com cerca de 200 espécies, sendo que 70 delas ocorrem na América do Sul e 62 no Brasil. Adiantum ocorre principalmente no interior de florestas primárias e secundárias, desde o nível do mar até cerca de 2.000 metros de altitude. Visando-se o conhecimento regional do grupo no Brasil, o presente trabalho apresenta o levantamento do gênero Adiantum no estado do Rio de Janeiro, fornecendo chave de identificação, descrições, comentários e ilustrações das espécies. Existem 20 espécies de Adiantum no Estado, correspondendo a 30% do número total registrado para o Brasil e podem ser encontradas desde florestas úmidas até restingas, desde o nível do mar até 850 metros de altitude. Dentre as espécies inventariadas, algumas possuem ampla distribuição na América Central e América do Sul (70%), enquanto outras são endêmicas do Brasil (30%).

Adiantum mariposatum (Pteridaceae), a New Species from Ecuador

Abstract Approximately 40 species of Adiantum are represented in Ecuador. A new species is described here from Pastaza province, Ecuador. It has been confused with A. anceps, but differs in having only once-pinnate blades and pubescent rachises, segment stalks, and indusia.