Species Names Research Articles

Comparative genome analysis of the genus Marivirga and proposal of two novel marine species: Marivirga arenosa sp. nov., and Marivirga salinae sp. nov.

BackgroundThe phylum Bacteroidota represents a significant proportion of heterotrophic bacteria found in marine ecosystems. Members of the phylum Bacteroidota are actively involved in the degradation of biopolymers such as polysaccharides and proteins. Bacteroidota genomes exhibit a significant enrichment of various enzymes, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), carboxypeptidases, esterases, isomerases, peptidases, phosphatases, and sulfatases. The genus Marivirga, a member of the family Marivirgaceae within the phylum Bacteroidota, comprises six documented species. During a microbial diversity study, three novel Marivirga strains (BKB1-2 T, ABR2-2, and BDSF4-3 T) were isolated from the West Sea, Republic of Korea.ResultsTo explore the taxonomic status and genomic characteristics of the novel isolates, we employed a polyphasic taxonomic approach, which included phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and comprehensive genome analysis. The three isolates were Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, moderately halophilic, and had a gliding motility. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values among the two isolates, BKB1-2 T and BDSF4-3 T, and the six reference strains were 70.5–76.5% for ANI and 18.1–25.7% for dDDH. Interestingly, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that the strains harbor genes for a comprehensive pathway for dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), as well as other nitrogen pathways for the reduction of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrous oxide. Additionally, the antiSMASH analysis indicated that the strains contained three to eight biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated with the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Furthermore, the strains carried a high number of CAZyme ranging from 53 to 152, which was also demonstrated by an in vitro analysis of degradation of the polysaccharide cellulose, chitin, laminarin, starch, and xylan. Additionally, all the strains carried genes for the metabolism of heavy metals, and exhibited tolerance to heavy metals, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in millimoles (mM) in ranges of Co2+ (3–6), Cu2+ (0.2–0.4), Ni2+ (3–5), Zn2+ (2–4), Mn2+ (20–50), and Hg2+ (0.3).ConclusionsBased on polyphasic taxonomic approach, the three isolated strains represent two novel species names Marivirga arenosa sp. nov. (BKB1-2 T = KCTC 82989 T = InaCC B1618T), and Marivirga salinae sp. nov. (BDSF4-3 T = KCTC 82973 T = InaCC B1619T).

Exploring Pico de São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe), a hotspot for collecting plant specimens during the colonial period: collectors and itineraries

The peak Pico de São Tomé on the island of São Tomé (São Tomé and Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea) is a locality where many specimens that became types of vascular plant names were collected during colonial times. Determining the routes the collectors took to ascend the peak will help determine some collecting localities. Gustav Mann was the first collector to explore the region; his itinerary is analysed and mapped based on his correspondence. The itineraries of ten further expeditions that ascended the peak are analysed. Collections that became types of vascular plant species names are recorded.

Global epidemiology of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in human and animals: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Since the initial identification of the Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) in ticks in rural areas of China in 2009, the virus has been increasingly isolated from a diverse array of hosts globally, exhibiting a rising trend in incidence. This study aims to conduct a systematic analysis of the temporal and spatial distribution of SFTS cases, alongside an examination of the infection rates across various hosts, with the objective of addressing public concerns regarding the spread and impact of the disease. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, an exhaustive search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Medline, CNKI, WanFang, and CQVIP. The literature search was confined to publications released between January 1, 2009, and May 29, 2023. The study focused on collating data pertaining to animal infections under natural conditions and human infection cases reported. Additionally, species names were unified using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. The notification rate, notification death rate, case fatality rate, and infection rates (or MIR) were assessed for each study with available data. The proportions were pooled using a generalized linear mixed-effects model (GLMM). Meta-regressions were conducted for subgroup analysis. This research has been duly registered with PROSPERO, bearing the registration number CRD42023431010. We identified 5492 studies from database searches and assessed 238 full-text studies for eligibility, of which 234 studies were included in the meta-analysis. For human infection data, the overall pooled notification rate was 18.93 (95% CI 17.02-21.05) per ten million people, the overall pooled notification deaths rate was 3.49 (95% CI 2.97-4.10) per ten million people, and the overall pooled case fatality rate was 7.80% (95% CI 7.01%-8.69%). There was an increasing trend in notification rate and deaths rate, while the case fatality rate showed a significant decrease globally. Regarding animal infection data, among 94 species tested, 48 species were found to carry positive nucleic acid or antibodies. Out of these, 14 species were classified under Arthropoda, while 34 species fell under Chordata, comprising 27 Mammalia and 7 Aves. This systematic review and meta-analysis present the latest global report on SFTS. In terms of human infections, notification rates and notification deaths rates are on the rise, while the case fatality rate has significantly decreased. More SFTSV animal hosts have been discovered than before, particularly among birds, indicating a potentially broader transmission range for SFTSV. These findings provide crucial insights for the prevention and control of SFTS on a global scale. None.

Pseudomonas beijingensis sp. nov., a novel species widely colonizing plant rhizosphere.

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize the three bacterial strains (FP830T, FP2034, and FP2262) isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice, corn, and highland barley in Beijing, Heilongjiang, and Tibet, respectively, in PR China. These strains were Gram-negative, rod-shaped, and have one or two polar flagella. They exhibited optimal growth at 28 °C and pH 7.0 in the presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl and showed fluorescence under ultraviolet light when cultivated on King's B plates. The FP830T genome size is 6.4 Mbp with a G+C content of 61.0 mol%. FP830T has the potential to promote plant growth by producing various metabolites such as fengycin, pyoverdin, indole-3-acetic acid, and the volatile substance 2,3-butanediol. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that three isolates formed an independent branch, which most closely related to type strains Pseudomonas thivervalensis DSM 13194T and Pseudomonas zanjanensis SWRI12T. The values of average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization between three isolates and closest relatives were not higher than 93.7 and 52.3 %, respectively. The dominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and aminophospholipid. The predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone (Q-9). Based on polyphasic taxonomic analysis, it was concluded that strains FP830T, FP2034, and FP2262 represented a novel species within the genus Pseudomonas, and Pseudomonas beijingensis sp. nov. was proposed for the name of novel species. The type strain is FP830T (=ACCC 62448T=JCM 35689T).

Valid publication of names for bacterial species from the chicken gut.

This article is a follow-up to Gilroy R, Ravi A, Getino M, Pursley I, Horton DL, et al. PeerJ 2021;9:e10941, detailing accession numbers from culture collections to ensure that names for 33 new species conform to the Rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes required for valid publication of names for cultured species. The following species names are now proposed to be recognized as validly published: Acinetobacter pecorum sp. nov., Arthrobacter gallicola sp. nov., Arthrobacter pullicola sp. nov., Bacillus norwichensis sp. nov., Brevibacterium gallinarum sp. nov., Brevundimonas guildfordensis sp. nov., Cellulomonas avistercoris sp. nov., Clostridium gallinarum sp. nov., Comamonas avium sp. nov., Corynebacterium gallinarum sp. nov., Cytobacillus stercorigallinarum sp. nov., Escherichia whittamii sp. nov., Kaistella pullorum sp. nov., Luteimonas colneyensis sp. nov., Microbacterium commune sp. nov., Microbacterium gallinarum sp. nov., Microbacterium pullorum sp. nov., Oceanitalea stevensii sp. nov., Ochrobactrum gallinarum sp. nov., Oerskovia douganii sp. nov., Oerskovia gallyi sp. nov., Oerskovia merdavium sp. nov., Oerskovia rustica sp. nov., Paenibacillus gallinarum sp. nov., Phocaeicola gallinarum sp. nov., Planococcus wigleyi sp. nov., Psychrobacter communis sp. nov., Serpens gallinarum sp. nov., Solibacillus faecavium sp. nov., Sporosarcina gallistercoris sp. nov., Sporosarcina quadrami sp. nov., Stenotrophomonas pennii sp. nov. and Ureibacillus galli sp. nov.

Black-headed Ibis Threskiornis melanocephalus (Latham, 1790): a review on ecology, behavior, conservation and management

The specific epithet melanocephalus is derived from Greek words meaning "black" (melas) and "head" (kephalē), referring to the distinctive black plumage on the head and neck of the Black-headed Ibis. The Black-headed Ibis (Threskiornis melanocephalus) stands as a captivating symbol of avian grace amidst wetland habitats across Asia. With its distinctive black head contrasting against a white body, this elegant bird captivates both ornithologists and birdwatchers alike. In this review, we delve into the ecology, behavior, and conservation status of the Black-headed Ibis, shedding light on its significance in the avian world. It is a striking bird species belonging to the ibis family, Threskiornithidae. Known for its distinctive appearance and graceful appearance, this bird captivates observers across its range in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of the Middle East. Threskiornis melanocephalus is commonly found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of the Middle East, where it inhabits freshwater marshes, flooded grasslands, and shallow lakes. While not globally threatened, this species faces localized threats such as habitat loss, pollution, and hunting, highlighting the importance of conservation efforts to safeguard its populations and their wetland habitats.1

A Comparative Morphological Study on the Characteristics of Egg Envelopes of Three Cultrinae Fishes (Cyprinidae, Teleostei) in Korea.

Three species of subfamily Cultrinae currently live in Korea, but Erythroculter erythropterus has been introduced into the Nakdonggang River and has taken over the habitat, reducing the habitat of Culter brevicauda. Only the endangered species C. brevicauda still lives in the Yeongsangang River, and it is necessary to be careful not to introduce E. erythropterus in the future. Hemiculter eigenmanni is also found throughout the country. In order to effectively manage and conserve the species in its various habitats and against invasions, this study was initiated. The ultrastructure of the egg envelopes of three species of Cultrinae inhabiting the Geumgang and Yeongsangang Rivers-E. erythropterus, C. brevicauda, and H. eigenmanni-were observed. It was found that the zona radiata of the egg envelopes of all three species were divided into two layers, an outer and inner layer, with the outer surface having a non-structural form. This form is characteristic of fishes with muddy, stagnant habitats or spawning grounds. The number of pore canals on the surface of the egg envelopes was 83 for E. erythropterus, 75 for C. brevicauda, and 58 for H. eigenmanni per 10 μm2, and the thickness was 7.89 ± 0.34 μm, 12.27 ± 0.46 μm, and 7.42 ± 0.24 μm, respectively. The shape of the micropyle demonstrated a funnel shape narrowing toward the inner diameter in all three species, and the size of the inner diameter was 6.62 ± 0.29 μm in E. erythropterus, 4.19 ± 0.39 μm in C. brevicauda, and 3.98 ± 0.46 μm in H. eigenmanni. The differences between species were identified in the number of pore canals, thickness, and micropyle inner diameter of egg envelopes, which were species-specific. Our study reveals a morphological mechanism in the egg envelope that prevents the formation of interspecific hybrids, and these features can be taxonomic traits that clarify species names. It also provides useful data for the production (breeding) of the second generation in aquaculture.

Datiscaceoxylon baradii gen.et sp.nov, a Fossil Dicot Wood from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds of Mahurzari, Nagpur, India

A petrified wood related to the family Datiscaceae was collected from the Deccan Intertrappean Series of India. The present wood found well preserved in the barad, Mahurzari near Nagpur, Maharashtra State, India. Wood is diffuse porous, tylosed, vessels solitary and in multiples of two to four, perforation plate simple, intervascular pit pairs alternate and bordered, xylem parenchyma paratracheal vasicentric, wood rays biseriate and homogenous, fibres non-septate and non-storied. Comparison is made with the modern families like: - Passifloracea, Onagraceae, Combretaceae, Oxalidaceae and Datiscaceae. It shows great affinities with the family Datsicaceae and hence named as Datiscaceoxylon baradii gen.et sp.nov. The generic name has been assigned on the basis of its affinities with the family and the specific name is after the locality.

A dataset of plant lists from key surveyed wetlands in Southern Xinjiang in 2011

Based on a number of field surveys and studies on the key wetlands in Southern Xinjiang for one year, we obtained the original data of plant species information. And then we supplemented, improved and proofread the original data using relevant information from various books about biodiversity and flora as well as related professional databases such as the Flora of China. Following the APGIV classification system (2016), we sorted out, reviewed, and examined the original data, so as to obtain a dataset of plant lists from key surveyed. This dataset covers 35 key survey wetlands, including plant species name, Latin name, alias, phylum, class, order, Chinese family name, Latin family name, Chinese genus name, Latin genus name, distributed wetland name, habitat, plant value and other information. The dataset comprises 11 orders, 18 families, 33 genera, and 58 species. This dataset can provide data support for plant species research, ecological environment quality restoration and rational utilization, as well as the biodiversity protection research in the wetland region of southern Xinjiang in the future.

Species diversity in Pseudocercospora.

Species of Pseudocercospora are commonly associated with leaf and fruit spots on diverse plant hosts in sub-tropical and tropical regions. Pseudocercospora spp. have mycosphaerella-like sexual morphs, but represent a distinct genus in Mycosphaerellaceae (Mycosphaerellales, Dothideomycetes). The present study adds a further 29 novel species of Pseudocercospora from 413 host species representing 297 host genera occurring in 60 countries and designates four epitypes and one lectotype for established names. This study recognises 329 species names, with an additional 69 phylogenetic lineages remaining unnamed due to difficulty in being able to unambiguously apply existing names to those lineages. To help elucidate the taxonomy of these species, a phylogenetic tree was generated from multi-locus DNA sequence data of the internal transcribed spacers and intervening 5.8S nuclear nrRNA gene (ITS), partial actin (actA), and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), as well as the partial DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2) gene sequences. Novel species described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Australia, Ps. acaciicola from leaf spots on Acacia sp., Ps. anopter from leaf spots on Anopterus glandulosus, Ps. asplenii from leaf spots on Asplenium dimorphum, Ps. australiensis from leaf spots on Eucalyptus gunnii, Ps. badjensis from leaf spots on Eucalyptus badjensis, Ps. erythrophloeicola from leaf spots on Erythrophleum chlorostachys, Ps. grevilleae from leaf spots on Grevillea sp., Ps. lophostemonigena from leaf spots on Lophostemon confertus, Ps. lophostemonis from leaf spots on Lophostemon lactifluus, Ps. paramacadamiae from leaf spots on Macadamia integrifolia, Ps. persooniae from leaf spots on Persoonia sp., Ps. pultenaeae from leaf spots on Pultenaea daphnoides, Ps. tristaniopsidis from leaf spots on Tristaniopsis collina, Ps. victoriae from leaf spots on Eucalyptus globoidea. Brazil, Ps. musigena from leaf spots on Musa sp. China, Ps. lonicerae-japonicae from leaf spots on Lonicera japonica, Ps. rubigena leaf spots on Rubus sp. France (Réunion), Ps. wingfieldii from leaf spots on Acacia heterophylla. Malaysia, Ps. musarum from leaf spots on Musa sp. Netherlands, Ps. rhododendri from leaf spots on Rhododendron sp. South Africa, Ps. balanitis from leaf spots on Balanites sp., Ps. dovyalidicola from leaf spots on Dovyalis zeyheri, Ps. encephalarticola from leaf spots on Encephalartos sp. South Korea, Ps. grewiana from leaf spots on Grewia biloba, Ps. parakaki from leaf spots on Diospyros kaki, Ps. pseudocydoniae from leaf spots on Chaenomeles lagenaria, Ps. paracydoniae from leaf spots on Chaenomeles speciosa. Thailand, Ps. acerigena from leaf spots on Acer sp., Ps. tectonigena from leaf spots on Tectona grandis. Epitypes are designated for Cercospora bonjeaneae-rectae, Cercospora halleriae, Ps. eucleae, and an epitype as well as a lectotype for Ps. macadamiae. Results obtained in the present study contribute to a better understanding of the host specificity and distribution in Pseudocercospora spp., many of which represent important pathogens of food or fibre crops, or organisms of quarantine concern. Citation: Groenewald JZ, Chen YY, Zhang Y, Roux J, Shin H-D, Shivas RG, Summerell BA, Braun U, Alfenas AC, Ujat AH, Nakashima C, Crous PW (2024). Species diversity in Pseudocercospora. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 13: 29-89. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2024.13.03.

A dataset of the plant species list across typical nature reserves in Fengtai District, Beijing during 2021–2022

Plants serve as the core elements of nature reserves as well as the fundamental resources for preserving ecosystem functions, including biodiversity. In this paper, using the findings from field surveys of plants in 2021 and 2022, we compiled a dataset of the plant species list for four typical nature reserves (i.e. Nanyuan Forest and Wetland Park, Lüdi Park, Lotus Pond Park, and Beigong National Forest Park) in Fengtai District, Beijing. This dataset includes 255 species of 179 genera across 73 families of tree, shrub, and herbaceous plant species. In addition, the dataset contains information such as the nature reserve name, family Chinese name, scientific name, genus Chinese name, genus scientific name, plant species name, and Latin name, etc. Also a multi-source based flora database was integrated with literature and expert reviews to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the data. Through comprehensive mapping and monitoring of plant species in key nature reserves in Fengtai District, the dataset provides data support for research on the spatial and temporal patterns of biodiversity as well as the response of plants to natural and anthropogenic disturbances in Beijing.

A dataset of scanning electron microscope images of pollen from 15 species of Salsola L. in Xinjiang

In this study, we collected fifteen species of Salsola L. from Northern Xinjiang at the end of the flowering period in 2007, including Salsola. subcrassa, S. orientalis, and S. lanata, etc.. We first identified and classified these species by comparison of flowers and fruits, and then photographed the pollen from multiple angles, and analyzed them a using a LEO-1430VP scanning electron microscope with a maximum magnification of 20,000× and an image resolution of 1023×766 pixels. A total of 84 images were included in the study. The Salsola L. in the dataset was identified twice by an expert in Chenopodiaceae taxonomy, and a specialized staff operated a scanning electron microscope to observe pollen traits. Readers can access the corresponding pollen scanning electron microscope images in this dataset by referecing the species name of Salsola L.. The release of this dataset facilitates the in-depth study of the typical pollen characteristics of Salsola L. in Xinjiang and even in Central Asia. Moreover, it further complements and perfects the grouping system based on the morphological characteristics of Salsola L., and provides an important reference for the research on palynology, taxonomy, ecology and so on.

Telenomus nizwaensis Polaszek sp. n. (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae): availability of the species name

ABSTRACT Telenomus nizwaensis Polaszek sp. n. an egg parasitoid of the pomegranate pest Deudorix livia (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), is described. The description is minimal, as it serves primarily to make the name available following an earlier electronic-only description that carried a non-operational ZooBank Life Science Identifier (LSID), hence failing to make the name available. The name is thus now available from the present publication. A valid ZooBank LSID is also provided for the species name. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C2C0F2C9-EBD0-43AF-99B8-02E6BE46545E

Two novel Enterobacter species, Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov. and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov., recovered from clinical samples carrying multiple virulence factors.

Two Enterobacter strains 170198T and 170250T were isolated from clinical blood samples from distinct patients in a hospital in Chengdu, China, in 2022. These isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. A phylogenomic tree based on 2,096 concatenated core genes showed that the two strains were clustered within the genus Enterobacter. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) values between each of the two strains and type strains of all currently known Enterobacter species were determined. The two strains belonged to two novel species as the highest ANI and isDDH values with type strains of all currently known Enterobacter species below the cutoff for species demarcation (96% for ANI and 70% for isDDH). Then the physiological and biochemical studies demonstrated that biochemical features and the profile of whole fatty acids of strains 170198T and 170250T were largely consistent with those known Enterobacter species. Nevertheless, the two novel species can be differentiated from all other Enterobacter species by certain biochemical characteristics. In conclusion, 170198T and 170250T represent two novel species of the genus Enterobacter, for which we propose Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov. and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov., as the species names. The type strains of Enterobacter chinensis sp. nov., and Enterobacter rongchengensis sp. nov. are 170198T (=GDMCC 1.3549T=JCM 35826T) and 170250T (=GDMCC 1.3670T=JCM 36189T), respectively. The two novel species have clinical significance with the ability to cause bloodstream infections.IMPORTANCEEnterobacter is a group of bacteria comprising several common opportunistic pathogens and has a complicated taxonomy. Here, we reported two novel Enterobacter species. We demonstrated that the two novel species can be differentiated from other Enterobacter species by certain phenotypic characteristics and therefore provide information for designing tests for identification. We also showed that strains of the two novel species are able to cause human bloodstream infections and carry multiple virulence factors and therefore are of clinical significance. We highlight that the virulence of Enterobacter is less studied and warrants further exploration. We believe that the findings here are valuable for enhancing the appreciation toward Enterobacter, an important pathogen.

A DNA barcode inventory of the genus Ulva (Chlorophyta) along two Italian regions: updates and considerations

Abstract The genus Ulva Linnaeus 1753 is well known for its global distribution and containing many taxonomically debated species. Their morphological plasticity and cryptic nature overrepresent and underrepresent, respectively, the biodiversity of these species. The difficulty in morphologically identifying Ulva species has led to the accumulation of many species names that are currently considered synonyms. The correct identification of these species is crucial due to their significant role in marine ecosystems and mariculture. In the last 30 years, several checklists and taxonomic contributions have been made from the Italian coast on Ulva species, almost entirely based on morphological studies and only a few papers with molecular data have been published. In this study, samples deposited at the Institute of Marine Sciences (ISMAR) and Phycological Lab (PHL) herbaria have been reviewed by sequencing the chloroplast-encoded elongation factor Tu (tufA) barcode marker. The results obtained provide an update of the DNA barcode inventory of Ulva species for the Lagoon of Venice and the Strait of Messina, two ecosystems characterized by a high algal biogeographical diversity and continuous introduction due to anthropogenic activities. Here, ten Ulva species were identified based on molecular data. Furthermore, we record the presence of Ulva chaugulei on the coast of Tunisia.

Ways of identifying lichen and plant species by the Nenets reindeer herders in Yamal

Yamal Nenets herders have historically developed a rich knowledge of lichens and vascular plants, which feature in the diet of their migratory reindeer herds in the tundra zone of northwest Siberia. In the Nenets language there are native names for certain species of lichens and other reindeer forage plants, including graminoids, herbs, shrubs, berries, and mushrooms. During participant fieldwork together with nomadic tundra Nenets herders, we documented names and definitions of reindeer food on herding territories during their long migration routes from the northern forest-tundra transition zone to the northern coastal tundra. Like many other Indigenous peoples of Siberia, Nenets have noticed that the Arctic is changing and some of its recent dynamics are seriously affecting their livelihood. The degradation of some lichen composition and cover on tundra pastures has also contributed to a decrease of herders’ linguistic palette for describing these losses in a concrete manner. Since the Nenets language is on the list of endangered languages of the world, this has an especially negative impact on the language skills and traditional knowledge of the younger generations of Nenets people, who may not know what these lichens look like and why they are important for the Nenets reindeer herding culture.

New taxa of the genera Peracca and Oxylakis (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Conocephalinae)

A new material on the Indo-Malayan genera Peracca Griffini, 1897 and Oxylakis Redtenbacher, 1891 are examined. The feminine gender for the names of these genera as well as for some other but derivative generic and subgeneric names (generic names Amblylakis Redtenbacher, 1891, Odontolakis Redtenbacher, 1891, Paroxylakis Ingrisch, 1998, Bispinolakis Ingrisch, 1998, Depressacca Ingrisch, 1998 and Viriacca Ingrisch, 1998; subgeneric names Ocellakis Gorochov, 2013, Spinolakis subgen. nov., Sumatracca Gorochov, 2013 and Robustacca Ingrisch, 2020) is more definitely designed, and the necessary corrections of some species names are made. The composition of the genus Peracca is briefly discussed, and P. (Robustacca) setosa Ingrisch, 1998, comb. nov. is transferred from the subgenus Odontoconus Fritze et Carl, 1908 to the subgenus Robustacca. The subgeneric composition of the genus Oxylakis is expanded to four subgenera: Oxylakis s. str., Indolakis Gorochov, 2013, Ocellakis Gorochov, 2013 and Spinolakis subgen. nov. The key for subgenera of the genus Oxylakis is given. The following new species and subspecies are described and illustrated: Peracca (Peracca) simplex sp. nov. from Aceh Province (Sumatra) of Indonesia, Oxylakis (Spinolakis) spinosa sp. nov. from Sabah State (Borneo) of Malaysia and O. (Oxylakis) singaporensis aceh subsp. nov. from Aceh Province (Sumatra) of Indonesia.

Extraction of essential oils by hydrodistillation of four aromatic species: Conditioning, extraction conditions, yield and chemical composition

Essential oils are one of the most important products in the agricultural and food industry, as they are obtained from aromatic plants using various extraction techniques, such as steam distillation or hydrodistillation. However, these methods present challenges, such as low efficiency, limited selectivity, extensive use of solvents and long extraction times. Moreover, the quality of the oils obtained can be affected by hydrolysis or oxidation due to the duration and amount of water used in the process. This review updates the information on Clevenger-type hydrodistillation extraction of four high-value commercial plant species: Matricaria chamomilla, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum vulgare, and Eucalyptus spp. The aim is to evaluate the results of original articles, considering the origin and characteristics of the plant material, extraction conditions, yield and metabolites. The search covered a 10-year period (2013-2023) in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as species names and terms “essential oils” and “hydrodistillation”, with Boolean connectors such as OR, AND or NOT. The results show that quality and yield are influenced by factors such as geographical regions of origin, plant part used, drying techniques or extraction conditions (plant material/water ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time, etc.). In future research, the conditions associated with the plant material and the extraction process need to be optimized in obtaining high quality essential oils.

Communicating conservation: Evidence of knowledge gains through a children’s conservation club in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

Abstract Conservation education as a key element in fighting species extinction. One of the key objectives of environmental education is to promote pro-environmental behaviours; increasing knowledge and understanding are the first steps. An understanding of the forest and its links to human and wildlife health is essential to foster forest protection. We used NVivo 12 to evaluate a conservation education program based around the Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Two age groups were evaluated 7-10 years old (37 children) and 11-13 years old (35 children) in 2 sessions conducted approximately 9 months apart. We asked students to write an essay about their knowledge of the forest. Over the 9 months, children increased their use of words accurately associated with BNF activities (0 to 4%), conservation actions (0 to 2%) and forest threats (2 to 12%) as well as expressing more of an emotional connection to the forest and wildlife (0 to 5%). Children who had joined the club for >12 months showed an increase in knowledge about forest characteristics (25 to 30%) and wildlife species names (43 to 55%). While we can demonstrate clear awareness increase on environmental issues, changing mind-sets, attitudes and behaviours does require an in-depth vital experience. We strongly believe that non-formal education is a key complementary tool to inspire new generations to take action towards conservation and sustainable development.

Afganistan alg türleri kontrol listesi

This first comprehensive checklist of algae from freshwater and soil in Afghanistan is a significant milestone in understanding the country's biodiversity. It is the result of a collaborative effort by researchers from various institutions. It comprises 398 species belonging to 132 genera and five phyla of algae, with samples collected from 19 regions of Afghanistan. The Nitzschia and Navicula genera have the most significant number of species. The checklist also highlights the sensitivity and threatened status of certain species, such as Achnanthidium gracillimum (F. Meister) Lange-Bertalot, Brachysira serians (Brébisson) Round & D.G. Mann, Diploneis ovalis (Hilse) Cleve, Eunotia praerupta Ehrenberg, Eucocconeis flexella (Kützing) F. Meister. The currently accepted name of species, biological condition gradient of species, the status of species in the Red List of Germany, and trophic weight of some diatom species according to two diatom trophic indices were defined in the checklist. This study is a new start for this field of study and intends to provide the groundwork for further research, which will aid in the work of others interested in this topic.