Amaranthus Species Research Articles

Evaluation of Agricultural Traits, Phytochemical Contents, and Antioxidant Activities in the Leaves of Amaranth Accessions of Nine Species.

Amaranthus species are widely cultivated as dietary crops and are promising sources of phytochemical compounds with antioxidant properties. To explore Amaranthus as a potential medical resource, 289 accessions (nine species) were cultivated, and their agricultural characteristics, total phenolic content (TPC), rutin contents, and antioxidant activities [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)] were studied. Wide variations in agricultural traits, phytochemical contents, and antioxidant activities were observed between the accessions and across species. The effects of agricultural traits were evaluated, and the results indicated that yellow-flowered amaranth genotypes could be important because of their high values of TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. In addition, leaf length, days until 50% flowering, days until 50% heading and days until maturity, showed positive correlations with TPC, rutin contents, DPPH, and ABTS. The whole dataset was subjected to principal component analysis, and distinctive aggregation was observed across the Amaranthus species. In total, 289 accessions were clustered into three groups, and seven genotypes were determined as being good medical resources due to their high phytochemical content and antioxidant activities. Our findings provide important information for the development of new varieties with high phytochemical contents and high levels of antioxidant activity.

Effects of Four-Week Exposure to Salt Treatments on Germination and Growth of Two Amaranthus Species

Soil salinity represents one of the most restrictive environmental factors for agriculture worldwide. In the present study, the salt tolerance of two weeds of the genus Amaranthus, A. albus and A. hybridus, the latter cultivated as green vegetable in Africa, were analysed. Both species showed a remarkable salt tolerance phenotype during germination and vegetative growth. To evaluate the percentage and rate of germination, seeds were germinated in Petri dishes in a germination chamber under increasing concentrations up to 300 mM NaCl. Higher concentrations of salt ranging from 150 to 600 mM NaCl were applied for one month to plants grown in individual pots in the greenhouse. All seeds of A. albus germinated in the control and almost half of the seeds under 200 mM NaCl, but only 4% of the seeds under 250 mM NaCl. In A. hybridus, germination was considerably lower in all treatments and was completely prevented at 250 mM NaCl. The plant growth of both species was severely affected by high salt concentrations of 450 and 600 mM NaCl, but not under lower concentrations. At this stage of the biological cycle, A. hybridus showed a higher salt tolerance, as indicated by the smaller reduction in its growth parameters. The dry weight of leaves and roots of plants receiving 600 mM NaCl decreased in comparison to control: less than 60% in A. hybridus but more than 70% in A. albus. The salt tolerance of the two species contributes to their invasive potential, but on the other hand represents a useful trait when considering them as potential crops for the future.

Genetic variation and structure of complete chloroplast genome in alien monoecious and dioecious Amaranthus weeds

Amaranthus is a complex taxon with economic importance as well as harmful weeds. We studied the genetic variation and structure of the chloroplast genomes of 22 samples from 17 species of three subgenera. It was found that the length of the chloroplast genome of Amaranthus varied from 149,949 bp of A. polygonoides to 150,757 bp of A. albus. The frequencies of SNPs and InDels in chloroplast genomes were 1.79% and 2.86%, and the variation mainly occurred in the non-coding regions. The longest InDel was 387 bp, which occurred on ycf2, followed by 384 bp InDel on psbM-trnD. Two InDels in ndhE-I on the SSC make the three subgenera clearly distinguished. In LSC, SSC and IRs regions, there were four 30 bp forward and reverse repeats, and the repeats in SSC and LSC were in nearly opposite positions in circular genome structure, and almost divided the circular genome into symmetrical structures. In the topological tree constructed by chloroplast genome, species in subgen. Amaranthus and subgen. Acnida form monophyletic branches separately and cluster together. A. albus, A. blitoides and A. polygonoides were separated from subgen. Albersia, and the rest of subgen. Albersia were clustered into a monophyletic branch. The rpoC2, ycf1, ndhF-rpl32 were good at distinguishing most amaranths. The trnk-UUU-atpF, trnT-UGU-atpB, psbE-clpP, rpl14-rps19, and ndhF-D can distinguish several similar species. In general, the chloroplast genome is of certain value for the identification of the similar species of Amaranthus, which provides more evidence for clarifying the phylogenetic relationships within the genus.

Comparative Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Growth Responses of two <i>Amaranthus</i> Species to Increased N Supply Variability

Comparative Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Growth Responses of two <i>Amaranthus</i> Species to Increased N Supply Variability

Genetic diversity analysis and marker-trait associations in Amaranthus species.

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is a highly nutritious, underutilized vegetable and pseudo-cereal crop. It possesses diverse abiotic stress tolerance traits, is genetically diverse and highly phenotypically plastic, making it an ideal crop to thrive in a rapidly changing climate. Despite considerable genetic diversity there is a lack of detailed characterization of germplasm or population structures. The present study utilized the DArTSeq platform to determine the genetic relationships and population structure between 188 amaranth accessions from 18 agronomically important vegetable, grain, and weedy species. A total of 74, 303 SNP alleles were generated of which 63, 821 were physically mapped to the genome of the grain species A. hypochondriacus. Population structure was inferred in two steps. First, all 188 amaranth accessions comprised of 18 species and second, only 120 A. tricolor accessions. After SNP filtering, a total of 8,688 SNPs were generated on 181 amaranth accessions of 16 species and 9,789 SNPs generated on 118 A. tricolor accessions. Both SNP datasets produced three major sub-populations (K = 3) and generate consistent taxonomic classification of the amaranth sub-genera (Amaranthus Amaranthus, Amaranthus Acnida and Amaranthus albersia), although the accessions were poorly demarcated by geographical origin and morphological traits. A. tricolor accessions were well discriminated from other amaranth species. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 10 qualitative traits revealed an association between specific phenotypes and genetic variants within the genome and identified 22 marker trait associations (MTAs) and 100 MTAs (P≤0.01, P≤0.001) on 16 amaranth species and 118 A.tricolor datasets, respectively. The release of SNP markers from this panel has produced invaluable preliminary genetic information for phenotyping and cultivar improvement in amaranth species.

Phytonutrients, Colorant Pigments, Phytochemicals, and Antioxidant Potential of Orphan Leafy Amaranthus Species.

The underutilized Amaranthus leafy vegetables are a unique basis of pigments such as β-cyanins, β-xanthins, and betalains with radical scavenging capacity (RSC). They have abundant phytonutrients and antioxidant components, such as pigments, vitamins, phenolics, and flavonoids. Eight selected genotypes (four genotypes from each species) of underutilized Amaranthus leafy vegetables were evaluated for phytonutrients, pigments, vitamins, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidants in a randomized complete block design under ambient field conditions with three replicates. The studied traits showed a wide range of variations across eight genotypes of two species of Amaranthus leafy vegetables. The highest fat, β-xanthins, K, dietary fiber, Mg, β-cyanins, Mn, chlorophyll ab, Zn, TP, TF, betalains, chlorophyll a content, and (RSC) (DPPH) and RSC (ABTS+) were obtained from A. tricolor accessions. Conversely, the highest protein, Cu, carbohydrates, Ca, and chlorophyll b content were obtained from A. lividus accessions. The highest dry matter, carotenoids, Fe, energy, and ash were obtained from A. tricolor and A. lividus. The accession AT2 confirmed the highest vit. C and RSC (DPPH) and RSC (ABTS+); AT5 had the highest TP content; and AT12 had the highest TF content. A. tricolor accessions had high phytochemicals across the two species, such as phytopigments, vitamins, phenolics, antioxidants, and flavonoids, with considerable nutrients and protein. Hence, A. tricolor accessions can be used as high-yielding cultivars comprising ample antioxidants. The correlation study revealed that vitamin C, pigments, flavonoids, β-carotene, and phenolics demonstrated a strong RSC, and showed a substantial contribution to the antioxidant potential (AP) of A. tricolor. The investigation exposed that the accessions displayed a plentiful origin of nutritional values, phytochemicals, and AP with good quenching ability of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that provide enormous prospects for nourishing the mineral-, antioxidant-, and vitamin-threatened community.

The role of genetically engineered soybean and Amaranthus weeds on biological and reproductive parameters of Spodoptera cosmioides (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

In soybean fields containing insecticide- and herbicide-resistant genetically engineered varieties, some weed species have increasingly become difficult to manage and may favor the population growth of secondary pests like Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). To test this hypothesis, we measured life-history traits, population growth parameters and adult nutrient content of S. cosmioides reared on foliage from four Amaranthus species, from Cry1Ac Bt and non-Bt soybean varieties, and on meridic artificial diet. Larvae reared on A. palmeri and A. spinosus had a shorter development time (5-7 days) than larvae raised on the soybean varieties and A. hybridus. Armyworm survival probability was zero on A. viridis and highest (80% and 71%) on soybeans and A. palmeri. The latter and the artificial diet produced the heaviest larvae and pupae, in contrast to the non-Bt soybean variety. Body nutrient content diverged mostly for adults reared on artificial diet compared with those raised on the soybean varieties. The intrinsic rate of population increase (overall fitness) was 27.88% higher for the armyworms on A. palmeri, Cry1Ac Bt soybean and artificial diet compared with those on non-Bt soybean, A. spinosus and A. hybridus. Cry1Ac soybean fields infested by some Amaranthus weeds, especially A. palmeri, are conducive to the population growth of S. cosmioides. Integrated pest management programs may be needed to properly manage S. cosmioides in soybean fields, with surveillance for population peaks and judicious control measures when needed. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

De novo SNP calling reveals the genetic differentiation and morphological divergence in genus Amaranthus

Amaranth species (Amaranthus spp.) serve as pseudo cereals and also as traditional leafy vegetables worldwide. In addition to high vigor and richness in nutrients, drought and salinity tolerance makes amaranth a promising vegetable to acclimatize to the effects of global climate change. The World Vegetable Center gene bank conserves ∼1,000 amaranth accessions, and various agronomic properties of these accessions were recorded during seed regeneration over decades. In this study, we verified the taxonomic annotation of the germplasm based on a 15K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) set. Given that the yield components of grain amaranth are different from those of leaf amaranth, we observed that grain amaranth species presented larger inflorescences and earlier flowering than leaf amaranth species. Dual-purpose amaranth showed larger leaves than leaf amaranth and later flowering than grain amaranth, which seemed reasonable because farmers can harvest more leaves during the prolonged vegetable stage, which also provides recovery time to enrich grain production. Considering frequent interspecific hybridization among species of the grain amaranth complex, we performed an interspecific genome-wide association study (GWAS) for days to flowering, identifying a AGL20/SOC1 homolog. Another GWAS using only A. tricolor L. accessions revealed six candidate genes homologous to lba1, bri1, sgs1, and fca. These homologous genes were involved in the regulation of flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. This study revealed the usefulness of genotypic data for species demarcation in the genus Amaranthus and the potential of interspecific GWAS to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) across different species, opening up the possibility of targeted introduction of specific genetic variants into different Amaranthus species.

Comparative Assessment of Free Radical Scavenging, Membrane Stabilizing and Thrombolytic Potentials Of Two Amaranthus Species of Bangladesh

Amaranthus lividus and Amaranthus tricolor were evaluated for their primary free radical scavenging, membrane stabilizing and thrombolytic potentials. The methanol crude extracts of these two species were partitioned into petroleum ether, dichloromethane and aqueous soluble fractions. Antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated through DPPH and H2O2 free radical scavenging assays, where the aqueous soluble fraction of A. lividus exhibited the highest activity (p < 0.05). Besides, the maximum level of total phenolics was quantified in the aqueous fraction of A. lividus. Higher level (p < 0.05) of flavonoids (> 70 mg of QE/g of extract) were measured in the aqueous, dichloromethane and crude methanol extracts of A. lividus. The membrane stabilizing (anti-inflammatory) potential of the extracts was studied by measuring the inhibition of hemolysis of RBC induced by hypotonic solution and heat. Considering the conditions of both assays, the aqueous extract of A. lividus showed potent membrane stabilizing activity (p < 0.05) indicating their primary antiinflammatory potential. Very mild thrombolytic activity was noticed for both plants compared to the standard. Furthermore, existence of some major phytochemicals, like alkaloids, steroids, triterpenes and quinones were also observed at various levels. This is the first time report of the comparative assessment of the above mentioned plant extracts so far. Bangladesh J. Bot. 51(1): 139-145, 2022 (March)

A Systematic Review on Amaranthus-Related Research

Leafy vegetables promote reparation of energy loss due to oxidative stress, and they have the potential to alleviate hunger and malnutrition as well as other forms of metabolic imbalance ravaging the world. However, these vegetables are underutilized, despite the fact that they harbor essential minerals needed for critical cellular activities. As amaranth is one of the earliest vegetables reputed for its high nutraceutical and therapeutic value, in this study, we explored research on the Amaranthus species, and identified areas with knowledge gaps, to harness the various biological and economic potentials of the species. Relevant published documents on the plant were retrieved from the Science Citation Index Expanded accessed through the Web of Science from 2011 to 2020; while RStudio and VOSviewer were used for data analysis and visualization, respectively. Publications over the past decade (dominated by researchers from the USA, India, and China, with a collaboration index of 3.22) showed that Amaranthus research experienced steady growth. Findings from the study revealed the importance of the research and knowledge gaps in the underutilization of the vegetable. This could be helpful in identifying prominent researchers who can be supported by government funds, to address the malnutrition problem in developing countries throughout the world.

A Regional-Scale Study of the Contribution of Local, Management and Climate Factors to the Infestation of Processing Tomato Fields with Amaranthus Species

A Regional-Scale Study of the Contribution of Local, Management and Climate Factors to the Infestation of Processing Tomato Fields with Amaranthus Species

Efficacy of herbicides in sunflower sowings in the conditions of the western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. Determinе the species composition of weeds and the most efficient system of weed control in sunflower sowings.
 Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical.
 Results. The species composition of spring weeds in sunflower sowings was mainly represented by dicotyledonous species Amaranthus retroflexus L., Chenopodium album L., Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Matricaria inodora L., Thlaspi arvense L., Polygonum convolvulus L., Sinapis arvensis L., Xanthium strumarium L. and cereal weeds Setaria glauca L., Echinochloa cruss-galli L. The efficiency of the use of herbicides Challenge 2.5 l/ha + Harness 1.5 l/ha on the 30th day after application, against the total number of weeds, was 89.7%. Meanwhile, the use of the herbicide Challenge is the application rate of 2.0 l/ha appeared more effective with the efficiency rate of 95.6%. The herbicides, regardless of their application scheme, did not caused thinning of the sowing density; however, plant suppression did occur. This was evidenced by reduced plant height during the anthodium formation and flowering stage compared to control.
 Conclusions. The dominant weed species in sunflower crops were Amaranthus retroflexus with the share of 15%, Chenopodium album 8%, Setaria glauca L. 23% and Echinochloa cruss galli 10%. Application of herbicide Challenge 2 l/ha in the 2 to 4 leaf stage of sunflower appeared the most effective as weed control method with the efficiency rate of 92.8%. Herbicides Challenge (2.5 l/ha) + Harness (1.5 l/ha) were milder to crop plants, which ultimately contributed to the formation of sunflower yield of 3.47 t/ha in hybrid ‘NK Condy’ and 3.04 t/ha in hybrid ‘Atilla’.

Nutritional and Functional Properties of Wild Leafy Vegetables for Improving Food Security in Southern Angola

In Southern Angola, numerous non-woody forest products are sold at local markets, namely in Lubango (Huíla Province). Such is the case of herbaceous wild plants, locally known aslombi, which are sold fresh throughout the year and cooked as a vegetable. Although these wild leafy vegetables are commercialized and widely used in local food, there is still a lack of scientific knowledge about their properties. Thus, this study aimed to identify and characterize the species sold, and to determine their nutritional and functional properties. Our results revealed that three species—Amaranthus hybridus, Bidens pilosa, andGalinsoga parviflora—are usually sold at Lubango markets and consumed by local populations. These are annual exotic plants, native to Southern America, and usually occur spontaneously in croplands or disturbed areas, but can also be cultivated, particularlyA. hybridus. Physico-chemical analyses oflombispecies and mixtures sold at the markets included measurements of moisture, protein, lipid, and mineral content, as well as total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and levels of heavy metal contaminants. The results revealed thatlombicontain a significant amount of protein (20–28 g/100 g, dry basis), high values of macronutrients and micronutrients, as well as of phenolic compounds (10–40 mg GAE/g) and a good antioxidant capacity. Given the availability oflombithroughout the year, our study demonstrated the importance of wild edible plants in Angola, both as a valuable natural resources and as a complementary food sources, as well as additional sources of income for many families.

Relationship of Cultivated Grain Amaranth Species and Wild Relative Accessions.

Amaranthus is a genus of C4 dicotyledonous herbaceous plants, and three New World species have been domesticated to produce grain crops with light colored seed which are classified as pseudo-cereals rich in protein and minerals. A core collection of grain amaranths and immediate precursor species has been established, representing the closest related species. The goal of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in that collection of cultivated and wild species, using competitive allele single nucleotide polymorphism markers. A secondary objective was to determine the relationships among the three cultivated species and non-domesticated Amaranthus, while a third objective was to evaluate the utility of the markers in detecting diversity in the 276 genotypes. The markers were found to be highly variable with an average polymorphism information content of 0.365. All markers were bi-allelic; and the major allele frequency ranged from 0.388 to 0.871. Population structure analysis of the cultigens revealed the presence of two sub populations. Phylogeny confirmed that the two Mesoamerican species, Amaranthus cruentus and Amaranthus hypochondriacus, were related and distant from the South American species Amaranthus caudatus, which in turn was very closely clustered with Amaranthus quitensis, even though this is considered a weedy relative. The first pair of species were likely to have inter-crossed, while the latter two likely exist in a wild-cultivated hybrid state. In conclusion, the results of this SNP study provided insights on amaranth cultivars and their relationship to wild species, the probable domestication events leading to the cultivars, and possible crop breeding or germplasm conservation strategies.

Identification of Amaranthus Species Using Visible-Near-Infrared (Vis-NIR) Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Methods

The feasibility of rapid and non-destructive classification of six different Amaranthus species was investigated using visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) spectra coupled with chemometric approaches. The focus of this research would be to use a handheld spectrometer in the field to classify six Amaranthus sp. in different geographical regions of South Korea. Spectra were obtained from the adaxial side of the leaves at 1.5 nm intervals in the Vis-NIR spectral range between 400 and 1075 nm. The obtained spectra were assessed with four different preprocessing methods in order to detect the optimum preprocessing method with high classification accuracy. Preprocessed spectra of six Amaranthus sp. were used as input for the machine learning-based chemometric analysis. All the classification results were validated using cross-validation to produce robust estimates of classification accuracies. The different combinations of preprocessing and modeling were shown to have a classification accuracy of between 71% and 99.7% after the cross-validation. The combination of Savitzky-Golay preprocessing and Support vector machine showed a maximum mean classification accuracy of 99.7% for the discrimination of Amaranthus sp. Considering the high number of spectra involved in this study, the growth stage of the plants, varying measurement locations, and the scanning position of leaves on the plant are all important. We conclude that Vis-NIR spectroscopy, in combination with appropriate preprocessing and machine learning methods, may be used in the field to effectively classify Amaranthus sp. for the effective management of the weedy species and/or for monitoring their food applications.

An endophyte Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain APL3 promotes Amaranthus polygonoides L. sprout growth and their extract inhibits food-borne pathogens

Green leafy vegetables are rich sources of antioxidants and minerals, which prevent food-borne pathogen infections during our diet. This study was aimed to isolate and identify the plant growth-promoting endophytic bacterium from several plant species to enhance the growth of Amaranthus polygonoides L. and their antimicrobial potential against food-borne pathogens. Seven endophytic bacterial isolates were tested on two Amaranthus species to identify the suitable beneficial bacterium. The antioxidants capacity and antimicrobial activity of bacterial isolate (APL3) treated plants were analyzed. The bacterial isolate, APL3 showed a significantly higher growth of A. polygonoides L. than other isolates. It was identified as Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain APL3 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The endophyte (APL3) treated A. polygonoides L. sprouts had higher antioxidants potentials and significantly inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp. and Pseudomonas sp. The results of the present study suggest that utilization of P. dendritiformis strain APL3 triggers the growth of A. polygonoides L. and induces metabolic changes in plants to improve their antimicrobial properties to prevent foodborne pathogens.

Comparative assessment, optimization and characterization of bioactive constituents from Amaranthus species: An indigenous lesser-known vegetables of India

Amaranthus Tricolor L. (red amaranth) and Amaranthus Viridis (Green amaranth) are Amaranthaceae members, widely cultivated in Asia and consumed as a leafy vegetable in many parts of the world. This study deal with the nutritional and functional, and biochemical characterization of A. Tricolor and A. viridis . Single-factor experiments and Box Behnken Design (BBD) were used to optimize the extraction process for the phenolic compound from A. Tricolor and A. viridis . The BBD shows that 11.87mg/g phenolic extract of A. Tricolor produced at the optimal condition of solid to water ratio (1:15), temperature (30°C), and time (15 min). Similarly, A. viridis isolated 18.36mg/g of phenolics at optimal condition solid to liquid ratio (1:30), temperature (30°C), and time (60 min). The radical scavenging activity of A. Tricolor and A. viridis shows 63.52% and 19.27%, respectively, by the DPPH method. The bioactive compounds 3,4,5-Trihydroxystilbene and caffeic acid were found in A. Tricolor, and in A. viridis it showed caffeic acid, which was identified using LC-MS/MS.

Precision phenotyping and association between morphological traits and nutritional content in Vegetable Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.)

Amaranth (Amaranthus spp.) is an important leafy vegetable and grain crop which is a good source of nutrients and bioactive compounds, widely consumed in several parts of the world. However, varieties of different Amaranthus species show great phenotypic variation and may also have different nutritional attributes. This study aimed to phenotype vegetable amaranth accessions of four different species (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Amaranthus cruentus, Amaranthus dubius and Amaranthus blitum) and relate the morphological data to nutritional attributes of the leaves. Ten selected amaranth accessions obtained from the World Vegetable Center collections in Arusha and Taiwan were subjected to a high throughput phenotyping system to determine digital biomass, greenness, plant height and hue of the leaves using 3D scanning. These phenotypic data was correlated with the nutritional traits including carotenoids, flavonoids, vitamin C, minerals and oxalate contents of the various accessions. The analysis of variance for both morphological and nutritional traits showed significant (P≤0.05) difference for most traits recorded between the accessions. The A. blitum (AM1909) had the slowest daily increases in morphological traits compared to other accessions. Significant correlations were also recorded among the various morphological traits. Amaranth accession AM1908 (A. dubius) and AM1910 (A. dubius) had the highest content of most nutrients, while AM1902 (A. hypochondriacus) and AM1903 (A. hypochondriacus) had the lowest nutrient content. Significant correlations were observed between greenness with oxalate and vitamin C contents, as well as between hue values and carotenoids. We conclude that only some of the morphological traits of amaranth are associated with the nutritional content of the leaf. Based on the findings, we recommend that leaf color can be used as breeding trait to target nutritional attributes.

Genome-wide microsatellites in amaranth: development, characterization, and cross-species transferability

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-021-02930-5.

Achievements in Genetic Engineering of Amaranthus L. Representatives

Despite the fact that in the modern world more than a thousand edible plants are used for food, only 3 staple cereal crops are grown worldwide: wheat, rice, and maize. Growing a limited number of crops often causes many problems: ranging from the loss of biodiversity, due to the constant cultivation of the same monocultures in the same areas, to the deterioration of soil quality. A way out of this situation is the selection of new untraditional and neglected plants that could grow in a wide range of temperatures, produce high yields and at the same time have a balanced amino acid composition. Pseudocereals of the genus Amaranthus L. meet these criteria. Amaranth grain and plant raw materials are used in many industries: food, medicine, cosmetics.Modern technologies do not stand still. Along with traditional methods of plant breeding, the rapid pace of development involves genetic engineering of plants, which allows the process of creating improved plants to be speeded up several times.The purpose of this study is to analyze and systematize the achievements in the field of regeneration and genetic transformation of representatives of the Amaranthus genus. The results can be used for a practical application: the genetic transformation of species of the genus Amaranthus and other close genera of plants.