Essential Oils Of Species Research Articles

Chemical Composition and Anti-sickling Activity of the Essential Oil From the Leaves of Lantana Montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq (Verbenaceae) Growing Wild in the Western Region of Democratic Republic of Congo.

Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. is a shrub native to South American countries. In Congolese traditional medicine, its leaves are used as herbal tea or in steam inhalation therapy for the treatment of respiratory disorders. The goal of this study was to determine the chemical composition and the anti-sickling activity of the essential oil obtained from the leaves of this species growing wild in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Previous studies on the chemical composition of this species essential oil showed that it is mainly rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene-D, (Z)-caryophyllene, valencene, bicyclogermacrene, (E)-nerolidol, β-selinene, sabinene, γ-terpinene, and β-elemene in different ratios. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of our oil revealed that it is rather rich in monoterpenes, with geranial (24.13%), neral (17.73%), limonene (8.27%), γ-terpinene (2.81%), p-cymene (2.36%), geraniol (2.33%), nerol (1.52%), citronellol (1.37%), linalool (1.24), and carvone (1.20%) as major constituents. Germacrene D (4.21%), α-elemol (3.53%), and β-caryophyllene (1.08%) were the only main sesquiterpenes detected, besides 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (3.51%). The Emmel test performed on this essential oil displayed a strong anti-sickling activity at the concentration of 625µg/mL.

Insecticide activity and toxicity of the three Alpinia species essential oils against stored-product insects

Insecticide activity and toxicity of the three <i>Alpinia</i> species essential oils against stored-product insects

Antibacterial activity of Cymbopogon species essential oils against Xanthomonas citri and their use in post-harvest treatment for citrus canker management.

Citrus canker is a disease caused by the gram-negative bacterium Xanthomonas citri subp. citri (X. citri), which affects all commercially important varieties of citrus and can lead to significant losses. Fruit sanitization with products such as chlorine-based ones can reduce the spread of the disease. While effective, their use raises concerns about safety of the workers. This work proposes essential oils (EOs) as viable alternatives for fruit sanitization. EOs from Cymbopogon species were evaluated as to their antibacterial activity, their effect on the bacterial membrane, and their ability to sanitize citrus fruit. The in vitro assays revealed that the EOs from C. schoenanthus and C. citratus had a lower bactericidal concentration at 312mg L-1, followed by 625mg L-1 for C. martini and C. winterianus. Microscopy assay revealed that the bacterial cell membranes were disrupted after 15min of contact with all EOs tested. Regarding the sanitizing potential, the EOs with higher proportions of geraniol were more effective in sanitizing acid limes. Fruit treated with C. shoenanthus and C. martini showed a reduction of ∼68% in the recovery of viable bacterial cells. Therefore, these EOs can be used as viable natural alternatives in citrus fruit disinfection.

Larvicidal, Insecticidal and Mosquito repellent activity of Scented Geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil against Malarial Vector; Anopheles stephensi

Larvicidal, Insecticidal and Mosquito repellent activity of Scented Geranium (Pelargonium species) essential oil against Malarial Vector; Anopheles stephensi

Chemometric analysis of GC-MS chemical profiles and biological activities of three citrus essential oils in Indonesia

Citrus species essential oils (EOs) are significant sources of bioactive compounds and demonstrate diverse therapeutic effects. However, limited documentation exists regarding the phytochemicals associated with their biological activities. This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity, plant inhibitory properties, and brine shrimp cytotoxic effects of EOs derived from three Citrus species: C. sinensis, C. limon, and C. hystrix. Utilizing chemometric analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprints, the volatile components contributing to antioxidant activity were elucidated. The peels of the Citrus samples were hydro-distillated to obtain EOs, and subsequently subjected to antioxidant, plant inhibitory, and brine shrimp cytotoxic assays. The results indicated that C. limon EO exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, while C. hystrix and C. sinensis EOs demonstrated pronounced inhibitory effects against Artemia salina and Lactuca sativa, respectively. GC-MS analysis facilitated the identification of key compounds in each EO. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis effectively categorized Citrus EOs based on their antioxidant properties, highlighting the proximity of C. limon and C. sinensis. Among the identified compounds, D-limonene, α-terpineol, caryophyllene, (+)-3-carene, β-pinene, (-)-spathulenol, trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, and trans-verbenol were the most discriminating compounds affected the antioxidant activity of C.limon and C. sinensis EOs.

Chemical constituents and biological activities of two Citrus species essential oils and aqueous extracts compared to basalt "Farina di Basalto"

This work aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition of C. aurantium and C.sinensis essential oils and aqueous extracts and their antioxidant, insecticidal, repellent and phytotoxic potential. The chemical composition of essential oils, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). High percentages of monoterpenes hydrocarbons was revealed (93.53 and 98%).

Insect repellent and insecticidal potential of two Eucalyptus species essential oils from subtropical desert climate

Insect repellent and insecticidal potential of two Eucalyptus species essential oils from subtropical desert climate

Baccharis Species Essential Oils: Repellency and Toxicity against Yellow Fever Mosquitoes and Imported Fire Ants.

Essential oils from five Baccharis species were screened for their toxicity and biting deterrence/repellency against yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.), and imported fire ants, including Solenopsis invicta Buren (RIFA), Solenopsis richteri Forel (BIFA) and their hybrids (HIFA). Baccharis microdonta DC. and B. punctulata DC. at 10 µg/cm2 showed biting deterrence similar to DEET, N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide at 25 nmol/cm2, whereas the repellency of B. pauciflosculosa DC., B. sphenophylla Dusén ex Malme and B. reticularioides Deble & A.S. Oliveira essential oils was significantly lower than DEET against mosquitoes. Two major compounds from the active essential oils, kongol and spathulenol, also exhibited biting deterrence similar to DEET against mosquitoes. The highest toxicity exhibited against mosquitoes was by Baccharis punctulata essential oil (LC50 = 20.4 ppm), followed by B. pauciflosculosa (LC50 = 31.9 ppm), B. sphenophylla (LC50 = 30.8 ppm), B. microdonta (LC50 = 28.6 ppm), kongol (LC50 = 32.3 ppm), spathulenol (LC50 = 48.7 ppm) and B. reticularioides essential oil (LC50 = 84.4 ppm). Baccharis microdonta essential oil showed repellency against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA at 4.9, 4.9 and 39 µg/g, respectively. Baccharis microdonta essential oil also showed toxicity with LC50 of 78.9, 97.5 and 136.5 µg/g against RIFA, BIFA and HIFA, respectively, at 24 h post treatment.

Exploring the chemical composition, in vitro and in silico study of the anticandidal properties of annonaceae species essential oils from the Amazon.

Chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) from the leaves of five Annonaceae species found in the amazon region was analyzed by Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The antifungal activity of theses EOs was tested against Candida albicans, Candida auris, Candida famata, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. In addition, an in silico study of the molecular interactions was performed using molecular modeling approaches. Spathulenol (29.88%), α-pinene (15.73%), germacra-4(15),5,10(14)-trien-1-α-ol (6.65%), and caryophylene oxide (6.28%) where the major constitents from the EO of Anaxagorea dolichocarpa. The EO of Duguetia echinophora was characterized by β-phellanderene (24.55%), cryptone (12.43%), spathulenol (12.30%), and sabinene (7.54%). The major compounds of the EO of Guatteria scandens where β-pinene (46.71%), α-pinene (9.14%), bicyclogermacrene (9.33%), and E-caryophyllene (8.98%). The EO of Xylopia frutescens was characterized by α-pinene (40.12%) and β-pinene (36.46%). Spathulenol (13.8%), allo-aromadendrene epoxide (8.99%), thujopsan-2-α-ol (7.74%), and muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1-β-ol (7.14%) were the main chemical constituents reported in Xylopia emarginata EO. All EOs were active against the strains tested and the lowest inhibitory concentrations were observed for the EOs of D. echinophora, X. emarginata, and X. frutescens against C. famata the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values of 0.07, 0.019 and 0.62 μL.mL-1, respectively. The fungicidal action was based on results of minimum fungicidal concentration and showed that the EOs showed fungicide activity against C. tropicalis (2.5 μL.mL-1), C. krusei (2.5 μL.mL-1) and C. auris (5 μL.mL-1), respectively. The computer simulation results indicated that the major compounds of the EOs can interact with molecular targets of Candida spp.

Comparative analysis of essential oils from two Satureja species; extraction methods, chemical composition, and antimicrobial activities

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal properties of the essential oils extracted from two medicinal plants, Satureja sahendica and Satureja spicigera. Three different methods, including Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) extraction, Clevenger hydrodistillation (Clevenger HD) extraction, and simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE), were employed to isolate the volatile components of the two species, and then extraction efficiencies were compared. The composition of the essential oils was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results revealed that the two plant species contain a significant amount of oxygenated monoterpenes, while sesquiterpenes have a lower percentage. The main compounds of S. sahendica and S. spicigera essential were thymol (10.28–46.83%), carvacrol (7.81–36.88%), terpinolene (5.73–28.53%), ɣ-terpinene (14.76–16.27%), linalool (5.11–14.43%), p-cymene (8.23–12.33%), terpinen-4-0l (4.93–9.97%), germacerene (8.19–9.44%), α-pinene (5.22–8.41%), thymoquinane (4.49–7.65%), 1,8-cineole (4.82–6.83%), spathulenol (3.01–5.47%). To study the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the obtained essential oils, the micro broth dilution method was used on four bacterial species, including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as the fungus Candida albicans. The results indicated that both species essential oils had a high activity against C. albicans, while P. aeruginosa was the most resistant bacteria. Furthermore, it was found that S. sahendica essential oil exhibited a greater antimicrobial effect than S. spicigera. This study provides valuable insights into the antibacterial and antifungal effects of essential oils extracted from S. Sahendica and S. Spicigera, which have potential applications in medicinal industry.

In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of Three Inula Species Essential Oils in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophages

In the face of the undesirable effects induced by anti-inflammatory drugs, there has been a return, nowadays, to the search for active ingredients based on plants. Herein, for the first time we study the anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils of three species of the genus Inula: Inula viscosa, Inula graveolens and Inula crithmoides in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. Essential oils have shown excellent preventive anti-inflammatory potential by causing inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production in LPSactivated RAW264.7 macrophages with IC50s ranging between 15 and 35 µg mL− 1. On the other hand, the major acidic compounds, more precisely α- and β-costic acids, have been isolated from Inula viscosa and Inula graveolens essential oils and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory effect. These compounds appear to have a moderate preventive inhibitory effect on NO production relative to the significant effect generated by the neutral minority components present in the oils such as borneol, bornyl acetate, (E)-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, T-cadinol and eugenol. Therefore, we can deduce that the studied essential oils could be used as anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of various inflammatory pathologies.

Essential Oil Composition Analysis of Cymbopogon Species from Eastern Nepal by GC-MS and Chiral GC-MS, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some Major Compounds.

Cymbopogon species essential oil (EO) carries significant importance in pharmaceuticals, aromatherapy, food, etc. The chemical compositions of Cymbopogon spp. Viz.&amp;nbsp;Cymbopogon winterianus (citronella) Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass), and Cymbopogon martini (palmarosa) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), enantiomeric distribution by chiral GC-MS, and antimicrobial activities of some selected pure major compound and root and leaves EOs of citronella. The EO of leaves of Cymbopogon spp. showed comparatively higher yield than roots or other parts. Contrary to citral (neral and geranial) being a predominant compound of Cymbopogon spp., α-elemol (53.1%), α-elemol (29.5%), geraniol (37.1%), and citral (90.4%) were detected as major compounds of the root, root hair with stalk, leaf, and root stalk with shoot of citronella EO, respectively. Palmarosa leaves' EO contains neral (36.1%) and geranial (53.1) as the major compounds. In the roots of palmarosa EO, the prime components were α-elemol (31.5%), geranial (25.0%), and neral (16.6%). Similarly, lemongrass leaves' EO contains geraniol (76.6%) and geranyl acetate (15.2%) as major compounds, while the root EO contains a higher amount of geraniol (87.9%) and lower amount of geranyl acetate (4.4%). This study reports for the first time chiral terpenoids from Cymbopogon spp. EOs. Chiral GC-MS gave specific enantiomeric distributions of nine, six, and five chiral terpenoids in the root, root stalk with a shoot, and leaves of citronella EOs, respectively. Likewise, four and three chiral terpenoids in the root and leaves of lemongrass oil followed by two chiral terpenoids in the leaves and root of palmarosa EOs each. Additionally, the root and leaves' EOs of citronella exhibit noticeable activity on bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes and fungus such as Candida albicans, Microsporum canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. So, geranial-, neral-, geraniol-, and citronellal-rich EOs can be used as an alternative antimicrobial agent.

Volatile Constituents and Toxicity of Essential Oils Extracted From Aerial Parts of Plantago Lanceolata and Plantago Major Growing in Iran

Background:Plantago lanceolata L. (P. lanceolate) and Plantago major L. (P. major) belong to the Plantaginaceae family and are widely used in traditional medicine. Objectives: This study aims to qualitatively identify the crucial compounds and evaluate the toxicity effects of essential oils of two Plantago species. Methods: The plantains were collected from Zanjan Province, Iran. The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and then analyzed using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The toxicity effects of the essential oils were evaluated on HCT-116 and HEK-293 cell lines (in vitro MTT assay) and Artemia salina (A.salina) (in vivo assay). The constituents of the essential oils were identified by calculating their retention indices under temperature-programmed conditions for n-alkanes (C8 -C20) in the Agilent 19091S-433 column. Results: The main identified constituents were metaraminol (14.04%), bifemelane (8.73%), metossamina (8.16%), and pterin-6-carboxylic acid (5.11%) in P. lanceolata and 2-dodecen-1-yl (-) succinic anhydride (15.29%), benzenemethanol, α-(1-aminoethyl)-2,5- dimethoxy-(11.83%), dl-phenylephrine (7.51%), and nortriptyline (5.15%) in P. major. The essential oils of P. major exhibited more antiproliferative properties on HCT-116 at 72 h compared to P. lanceolata (IC50: 102.66 µg/mL). At 400 µg/mL of P. lanceolata and P. major, the percentage of the lethality of nauplii was 8% and 12%, respectively (LC50:2242.57 µg/ mL and 1783.7 µg/mL). The present study showed that the most of constituents of oils were alcohols and amines. Conclusion: Some of the compounds identified in the Plantago species essential oils have important pharmaceutical properties. This study reported the cytotoxicity of essential oils on the colon cancer cell line. However, the essential oils were not toxic against A.salina at the examined concentrations.

Phytotoxic Effects of Three Origanum Species Extracts and Essential Oil on Seed Germinations and Seedling Growths of Four Weed Species

The use of chemical pesticides to protect agricultural products is a global concern because of their adverse effects on the environment and public health. To avoid the dangers of synthetic herbicides, research has turned to natural alternatives. This study was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic effect of essential oil (EO) extracted from Origanum syriacum, Origanum onites, and Origanum majorana. In addition, the chemical composition of the essential oil was elucidated by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. A total of 11 different components of O.syriacum were identified, and the main components were carvacrol (88.49), p-Cymene (5.71), γ-Terpinene (1.63), β-Caryoplhyllene (1.48), and Terpinen-4-ol (0.65), respectively. For O. onites, 10 different compounds were identified, and the main components were carvacrol (58.65), Thymol (30.97), Linalool (4.17), p-Cymene (1.94), and β-Caryoplhyllene (0.98), respectively. Finally, for O. majorana, 14 different compounds were identified, and the main components were carvacrol (40.57), α-Terpineol (29.28), p-Cymene (9.02), γ-Terpinene (5.80), and carvacrol methyl ether (3.46). Finally, 14 compounds from the Origanum majorana species were identified, with carvacrol (40.57), -Terpineol (29.28), p-Cymene (9.02), and -Terpinene (5.80) as the parent compound (3.46). Oxygenated monoterpenes were the highest in all species’ EO content. EOs and plant extracts were tested at 5, 10, and 20 L/Petri concentrations against seed germination and seedling growth in four weed species (Thlaspi arvense, Amaranthus retroflexus, Rumex cripus, and Lactuca serriola). The concentrations of essential oil were set as 5, 10, and 20 µL/Petri dishes for seed germination. In the greenhouse experiment, the final concentration of solutions was set as 20 µL and the solutions were directly sprayed on the surface of the weeds, and the mortality rates were noted after 24 and 48 h of application. It was observed that increasing the application decreased seed germination. The phytotoxic effects on the seedling germination in the greenhouse were observed, resulting in 48.76–94% mortality rates. Consequently, the essential oil from Origanum species could be considered as an alternative bio-herbicide to tested weeds.

GC-MS Chemical Profiling, Biological Investigation of Three Salvia Species Growing in Uzbekistan.

Salvia is a potentially valuable aromatic herb that has been used since ancient times. The present work studied the chemical profile of three Salvia species essential oils (EO): S. officinalis, S. virgata and S. sclarea, as well as assessing their antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. A total of 144 compounds were detected by GC-MS analysis, representing 91.1, 84.7 and 78.1% in S. officinalis, S. virgata and S. sclarea EOs, respectively. The major constituents were cis-thujone, 2,4-hexadienal and 9-octadecenoic acid, respectively. The principal component analysis (PCA) score plot revealed significant discrimination between the three species. The antioxidant activity of the EOs was evaluated using in vitro assays. Only S. virgata EO showed antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay (26.6 ± 1.60 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g oil). Moreover, this oil exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in 2,2-azino bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric-reducing power (FRAP) assays in comparison with the other two EOs (190.1 ± 2.04 vs. 275.2 ± 8.50 and 155.9 ± 1.33 mg TE/g oil, respectively). However, S. virgata oil did not show any effect in the chelating ability assay, while in the PBD assay, S. officinalis had the best antioxidant activity (26.4 ± 0.16 mmol TE/g oil). Enzyme inhibitory effect of the EOs was assessed against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), tyrosinase, α-glucosidase and α-amylase. AChE enzyme was more sensitive to S. officinalis EO (4.2 ± 0.01 mg galantamine equivalent (GALAE)/g oil), rather than S. virgata EO, which was ineffective. However, S. virgata had the highest BChE effect (12.1 ± 0.16 mg GALAE/g oil). All studied oils showed good tyrosinase inhibitory activity, ranging between 66.1 ± 0.61 and 128.4 ± 4.35 mg kojic acid equivalent (KAE)/g oil). Moreover, the EOs did not exhibit any glucosidase inhibition and were weak or inefficient on amylase enzyme. Partial least squares regression (PLS-R) models showed that there is an excellent correlation between the antioxidant activity and the volatile profile when being compared to that of enzyme inhibitory activity. Thus, the studied Salvia essential oils are interesting candidates that could be used in drug discovery for the management of Alzheimer’s and hyperpigmentation conditions.

Aroma profile and fumigant toxicity of two Moroccan Lavandula species essential oils against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Aroma profile and fumigant toxicity of two Moroccan Lavandula species essential oils against Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae)

Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of Ocimum species essential oils from the south of the Paranaense forest (Argentine) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae

ABSTRACT Aedes aegypti plays a predominant role in the transmission of a variety of diseases, such as yellow fever, dengue fever, malaria, Zika and Chikungunya disease. The reduction of chemicals available for vector control due to the increase in mosquito resistance to insecticides and their negative impact on the human health and the environment have driven the focus of the problem towards the identification and evaluation of sustainable alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The essential oils from the leaves of Ocimum campechianum, Ocimum ovatum, and Ocimum selloi were analyzed by GC/MS and GC/FID and investigated for its larvicidal activity against A. aegypti larvae. In the chromatographic analyses showed that the main compounds were elemicin (22.8%), methyl eugenol (33.4%), and methyl eugenol (46.5%), respectively. The susceptibility tested on essential oils was performed according to the World Health Organization protocol. The highest larvicidal potential was displayed by O. ovatum, followed by O. campechianum and O. selloi, with LC50 values of 47.5, 95.5 and 141.2 ppm, respectively. The rapid and efficient larvicidal activity of these three essential oils led us to consider these results as promising for the search of a potentially effective earth-friendly larvicide against the A. aegypti vector.

Bioactivity assessment of essential oils of Cymbopogon species using a network pharmacology approach.

Essential oils ofCymbopogonspecies have wide commercial applications in fragrance, perfumery, and pharmaceuticals as they exhibit a horizon of bioactivities. Here, essential oils of C. flexuosus and C. martinii were analysed to identify bioactive constituents and bioactivities using a network pharmacology approach. Essential oils were isolated using hydro-distillation in a mini Clevenger apparatus. Analysis of essential oils by GC-MS revealed 20 and 15 chemical constituents in C. flexuosus and C. martinii, respectively. An ingredient-target protein-pathway network was constructed comprising 10 oil constituents (citral, geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, linalool, α-terpineol, borneol, α-pinene, myrcene, and n-decanol), 14 target proteins, 51 related pathways, and 108 connections. Analyses of the network showed geraniol, geranyl acetate, limonene, linalool, and citral as major active constituents. A core sub-network constructed from the ingredient-target protein-pathway network revealed bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective. The protein association network pointed out the major target proteins viz., THRB, FXR, ALOX15, and TSHR and pathways like metabolic, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways of essential oil constituents. The target proteins and pathways provided insights into the mechanism of action of bioactive constituents. Based on the results of the study, geraniol was correlated with neuroprotective, citral to chemo-preventive, and limonene to anti-inflammatory activities. Thus, the study offers a new way for the assessment of the bioactivities of Cymbopogon species essential oils leading to the development of new biomedicines.

Comparative Chemical Profiles of Lavandula Species Essential Oils Grown in Egypt and others from France and Australia: Evidence from Chemometric Analysis

Genus Lavandula belongs to Lamiaceae family containing almost 40 different species, many hybrids, and nearly 400 registered cultivars (Upson and Andrews 2004). Mane folk uses and biological activities of Lavandula species are reported in addition to their uses in the pharmaceutical and other industries benefits. The biological activities of Lavandula leaves are usually correlated to the essential oils (EOs) and volatiles that represented the main constituents of the leaves. Many compounds were identified and characterized in the extracted EOs from Lavandula leaves around the world. Chemical polymorphism is a phenomenon where the same species showed variation in the chemical composition of the bioactive compounds. This phenomenon is well known for the EOs of various plants. Therefore, the present work aimed for chemical profiling of three EOs isolated from the leaves of Lavandula species grown in Egypt (L. angustifolia, Lavandula x intermedia or L. hybrid and L. spica) and other three from French and Australia (L. angustifolia and L. latifolia from Australia and L. stoechas L. from French ). In addition, established the chemical based relationship among the five species using chemometric analysis. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of the main constituents of the EOs were studied. A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified from the aerial parts of L. angustifolia, L. latifolia from Australia and L. stoechas from French and lavandin (Lavandula hybrida), L. angustifolia and L. spica cultivated in Egypt, representing 99.87, 98.94, 98.93, 98.89, 99.89 and 99.28% of the total mass, respectively. The identified compound classes were characterized as mono-, sesqui- oxygenated and non-oxygenated terpenoids. The main constituents in the different species were linalool (39.5%), lianlyl acetate (26.7%), eucalyptol (43.08%), tau-cadinol (28.63%), linalyl acetate (46.41%) and tau-cadinol (19.08%) for AUS Lavander, Fren. lavnder, lavandin, L. angistifolia, L. latifolia, and L. asp, respectively. Major components analysis showed that there is significant variation between species in the quality and quantity of EO composition. All lavandula species/varieties appeared to be richest in oxygenated monoterpenes. These major compounds have been reported as biologically effective compounds with various activities. The characterization of chemotypes in cultivated plants is crucial for agriculture application, chemistry purposes, and pharmacological uses.

Comparative analysis of Curcuma species essential oil through gas chromatography - mass spectrometry

An experiment was conducted to analyze the chemical composition of essential oil from three Curcuma species viz., Curcuma longa, Curcuma caesia and Curcuma aromatica. Fresh rhizomes of three Curcuma species were collected from college orchard, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. Essential oil was collected from the rhizomes through hydro-distillation by using Clevenger-type apparatus. Essential oils were then subjected to Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry analysis. Results revealed the presence of twenty eight compounds in Curcuma longa, thirty five compounds in C. caesia and thirty two compounds in C. aromatica. Interestingly, a total of 20 compounds in C. longa, 16 compounds in C. caesia and 13 compounds in C. aromatica were found specific to the respective species which might be useful as a marker for discrimination of Curcuma species.