Specific Choice Research Articles

Determinants of Profession Choice in Students’ Educational Strategies in the Context of the Reproduction of Human Capital

Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the necessity to optimize the process of reproduction and building up the human capital of the Russian Federation, where the primary place belongs to education. The article discusses the educational strategies of Russian students in the current conditions of transition to the sixth technological mode, when the formation of a learning society and knowledge economy is of particular importance, which requires additional investment in human capital and educational capital in particular. The purpose of the study is to describe the educational strategies of Moscow students as dynamic systems of perspective orientation of an individual, as well as constructing their future life in accordance with a certain plan. Materials and Methods. The empirical basis of the article constitute the findings of the online sociological survey “Students of Russia: civic culture and life strategiesˮ, conducted in April‒May 2022 with an additional representation of the array in Moscow. Having carried out an exploratory factor analysis by the method of principal components and rotation by the Varimax method, the authors identify factors that allow interpreting various educational strategies for choosing a direction of study by students. Results. Comparing the social practices of students in Moscow with those in the regions, identifying the dominant factors in choosing a speciality/academic specialism, the authors identify speciality choice indices that are determined by different factors and lead to studentsʼ adherence to different types of educational strategies: “rationalˮ strategy, “inner circle of trustˮ strategy and “random choiceˮ. Discussion and Conclusion. The study conducted by the authors made it possible to formulate a number of significant conclusions that make a significant contribution to understanding the structure of the social capital of today's youth. The development of the educational capital of the younger generation is an important task in the process of ensuring the development of the entire Russian society as a whole.

A study of compact stars within Rastall gravity

In this paper, we construct the exact interior solutions for compact stellar objects for perfect fluid distribution in phantom region in the framework of a non-conserved theory, i.e. Rastall gravity (RG). Under these circumstances, we develop the Einstein field equations (EFEs) for spherically symmetric metric using general forms of metric potentials, [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], here [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. By matching of interior and exterior regions of the metric, we obtain the values of unknown constants of our considering model which helps to sketch the nature of important physical quantities like density, pressure, energy conditions, and stability. Finally, our obtained results lead us to conclude that our solutions are well behaved and physically viable for the specific choices of model parameters for two different stars (Vela X-1 and 4U1820-30).

English Registers of Hotels’ Signage in Surabaya

This study focuses on the concept of register in sociolinguistics and its relevance to the study of language usage in different domains. Registers represent specific language varieties associated with particular professional or social groups, characterized by distinct vocabulary and sentence structures. The study specifically is to identify the different registers used in hotel signage. In order to describe these registers, a qualitative descriptive research method was employed, as the data consisted of words, phrases, and long expressions extracted from hotels’ signage in Surabaya. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and semantic analysis, with a particular focus on Lexical Relations. The findings of the research revealed that the signage in Surabaya hotels can be categorized into two groups: Limited Envelope Register and Open Envelope Register. This study fills a gap in existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the linguistic features and variations that characterize hotel signage, shedding light on the specific language choices and patterns employed in this context. The findings contribute to our understanding of sociolinguistic aspects within the hotel industry and the role of registers in language usage.

Application of Artificial Intelligence at All Stages of Bone Tissue Engineering.

The development of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical care in recent years and plays a vital role in a number of areas, such as diagnostics and forecasting. In this review, we discuss the most promising areas of AI application to the field of bone tissue engineering and prosthetics, which can drastically benefit from AI-assisted optimization and patient personalization of implants and scaffolds in ways ranging from visualization and real-time monitoring to the implantation cases prediction, thereby leveraging the compromise between specific architecture decisions, material choice, and synthesis procedure. With the emphasized crucial role of accuracy and robustness of developed AI algorithms, especially in bone tissue engineering, it was shown that rigorous validation and testing, demanding large datasets and extensive clinical trials, are essential, and we discuss how through developing multidisciplinary cooperation among biology, chemistry with materials science, and AI, these challenges can be addressed.

On the role of LHC and HL-LHC in constraining flavor changing neutral currents

The Standard Model has no Flavor-Changing Neutral Current (FCNC) processes at the tree level. Therefore, processes featuring FCNC in new physics are tightly constrained by data. Typically, the lower bounds on the scale of new physics obtained from K−K¯ or B−B¯ mixing lie well above 10 TeV, surpassing the reach of current and future colliders. In this paper, we demonstrate, using a specific Z′ model that features flavor-changing interactions, that such limits can be severely weakened by specific choices of the quark mixing matrices with no prejudice while maintaining the CKM matrix in agreement with the data. We highlight the valuable role of the often-overlooked D0 mixing in deriving robust FCNC limits and show that the LHC and HL-LHC are promising probes for flavor-changing interactions mediated by a Z′ boson.

Роль категории глагольного вида в выражении взглядов Л. Толстого на исторический процесс (на материале романа «Война и мир»)

<p>The article uses the anthropocentric approach to the description of the grammatical category of the verbs aspects in order to consider how its use contributes to the creation of an image of the world in accordance with the creative intent of the author of the literary text. The main subject of the study is L.N. Tolstoy's novel «War and Peace». Applying the concept situation frame, the researcher analyzes how the writer overcomes the fragmentary image of events inherent in human thinking and creates a global view of the course of history as a linking of numerous actions of characters acts the background of a historical panorama. The article shows the specific choice of perfect and imperfect verbs in the novel, contributing to the creation of such an image of the historical process.</p>

Targeted therapies in children with renal cell carcinoma (RCC): An International Society of Pediatric Oncology-Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP-RTSG)-related retrospective descriptive study.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a very rare pediatric renal tumor. Robust evidence to guide treatment is lacking and knowledge on targeted therapies and immunotherapy is mainly based on adult studies. Currently, the International Society of Pediatric Oncology-Renal Tumor Study Group (SIOP-RTSG) 2016 UMBRELLA protocol recommends sunitinib for metastatic or unresectable RCC. This retrospective study describes the effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-(L)1) monoclonal antibodies, and immunotherapeutic regimens in advanced-stage and relapsed pediatric RCC. Of the 31 identified patients (0-18 years) with histologically proven RCC, 3/31 presented with TNM stage I/II, 8/31 with TNM stage III, and 20/31 with TNM stage IV at diagnosis. The majority were diagnosed with translocation type RCC (MiT-RCC) (21/31) and the remaining patients mainly presented with papillary or clear-cell RCC. Treatment in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting, or upon relapse or progression, included mono- or combination therapy with a large variety of drugs, illustrating center specific choices in most patients. Sunitinib was often administered as first choice and predominantly resulted in stable disease (53%). Other frequently used drugs included axitinib, cabozantinib, sorafenib, and nivolumab; however, no treatment seemed more promising than sunitinib. Overall, 15/31 patients died of disease, 12/31 are alive with active disease, and only four patients had a complete response. The sample size and heterogeneity of this cohort only allowed descriptive statistical analysis. This study provides an overview of a unique series of clinical and treatment characteristics of pediatric patients with RCC treated with targeted therapies.

Circular Economy Resources - Operationalization of restraints and optimization of choices

Purpose of the study: The article presents a preliminary analysis of the available and collected statistical data as part of the Research Project: SUPB. RN.23.108, ID: 108, which is intended to serve as a starting point for further research on circular economy. The aim of the analysis will be to diagnose the “hotspots” so that a proper analysis in the next year of research will allow the author to find targeted solutions and formulate recommendations.
 Methodology: This article reviews the available literature. Items compatible with the author's research topics have been selected, supplemented with other sources, the most important of which are listed in the bibliography. Therefore, a preliminary analysis of existing data (secondary studies) was used as a method.
 Main Findings: A preliminary analysis of the indicators allowed us to draw general conclusions. First, it is necessary to further tighten the legal provisions in the field of environmental protection, while at the same time defining the precise timeframe for each of the stages. Secondly, it is necessary to develop the sources of financing for the activities undertaken. Thirdly, there is no chance for change without an increase in consumer environmental awareness. Fourth, you can't make changes and make the right choices in the short term. 
 Applications of the study: The content of the article may be useful to a wide audience interested in the subject matter being studied. It is also extremely important for the author of the article, as it is a starting point for further scientific research. In addition, the subject matter and information provided will be used at the Jan Kochanowski University during practical meetings/classes with students.
 Novelty/Originality of the study: In the article, the author emphasized several important elements of an extremely difficult puzzle, which is a well-functioning circular economy system. It focused on several key areas: better use of scarce resources, minimization of waste, reduction of overexploitation of the natural environment. Without such actions, she believes, civilization will move towards self-destruction at an alarmingly fast pace. Faced with a choice: costly exploitation of new resources or recovery and recycling, as a way to reduce the devastation of the natural environment and minimize the costs associated with obtaining new sources and areas for exploitation, the author presented the scale of the problem and legal constraints (imposing the need to make a specific choice), in force in selected EU countries.

Personality and specialization choice

Personality and specialization choice

Twelve tips for having more meaningful conversations with medical students on specialty career choice

Making a career choice is a multifaceted process and support for medical students on career choice is pivotal. Not all medical schools have programs or guidelines to support having meaningful conversations with medical students. However, medical students have questions and are seeking answers. This article presents twelve tips for having meaningful conversations with medical students for educators, mentors and internship tutors. The twelve tips have been grouped into three categories: the conversation, the reflection and the actions students can take in the process of their specialty career choice.

Calculating Thermodynamic Factors for Diffusion Using the Continuous Fractional Component Monte Carlo Method.

Thermodynamic factors for diffusion connect the Fick and Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients used to quantify mass transfer. Activity coefficient models or equations of state can be fitted to experimental or simulation data, from which thermodynamic factors can be obtained by differentiation. The accuracy of thermodynamic factors determined using indirect routes is dictated by the specific choice of an activity coefficient model or an equation of state. The Permuted Widom's Test Particle Insertion (PWTPI) method developed by Balaji et al. enables direct determination of thermodynamic factors in binary and multicomponent systems. For highly dense systems, for example, typical liquids, it is well known that molecular test insertion methods fail. In this article, we use the Continuous Fractional Component Monte Carlo (CFCMC) method to directly calculate thermodynamic factors by adopting the PWTPI method. The CFCMC method uses fractional molecules whose interactions with their surrounding molecules are modulated by a coupling parameter. Even in highly dense systems, the CFCMC method efficiently handles molecule insertions and removals, overcoming the limitations of the PWTPI method. We show excellent agreement between the results of the PWTPI and CFCMC methods for the calculation of thermodynamic factors in binary systems of Lennard-Jones molecules and ternary systems of Weeks-Chandler-Andersen molecules. The CFCMC method applied to calculate the thermodynamic factors of realistic molecular systems consisting of binary mixtures of carbon dioxide and hydrogen agrees well with the NIST REFPROP database. Our study highlights the effectiveness of the CFCMC method in determining thermodynamic factors for diffusion, even in densely packed systems, using relatively small numbers of molecules.

Are Grey Plovers true Jelly Bon lovers? First record of Grey Plovers (Pluvialis squatarola) deliberately feeding on barrel jellyfish (Rhizostoma pulmo) in the Western Palearctic

Coelenterates are not considered important food items for waders such as Grey Plovers (Pluvialis squatarola), although this has rarely been investigated in detail. During three days of fieldwork on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast in October 2020 Grey Plovers were documented deliberately choosing and swallowing barrel jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomatidae) while foraging on sand seashore where Scyphozoan jellyfish are often stranded. According to peer-reviewed literature, there is to-date no evidence of Grey Plovers consuming scyphozoan medusae, particularly as a specific choice for their food components. As a result of the present study, it is concluded that barrel jellyfish is part of the diet of Grey Plovers on the Black Sea coast and is purposely chosen by them. So far, this is the first video-recorded observation and published record of such an event in Europe and Western Palearctic. It suggests that coelenterates may be more important food items for waders than previousely believed and shows the potential of medusae to become an important food alternative for them.

Medical Students’ Perspectives on Family Planning and Impact on Specialty Choice

Physicians are known to delay childbearing compared with nonphysicians and to experience higher rates of age-related pregnancy complications. Delay of childbearing is more pronounced in surgical specialties, and family planning and building goals may influence specialty choice. To assess medical students' perspectives on the development of family planning goals and the timing of family building within a medical career to elucidate how these perceptions impact their choice of specialty. This qualitative study included fourth-year medical students at the University of Toronto Temerty Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and was conducted between May and August 2021. Participants were purposively sampled to maximize diversity of gender and specialty choice. Interviews were conducted via videoconferencing software that were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and verified for accuracy. Thematic analysis was completed independently by 2 researchers and consensus on final themes was reached through discussion among study investigators. Data were analyzed between September and December 2021. Participants were asked to share their perceptions of personal family planning goals, support currently in place, family planning education in medicine and factors contributing to their choice of specialty and program. Thematic analysis was completed. A total of 34 fourth-year medical students (median [range] age, 26 [24-33] years; 23 females [67.6%]) were interviewed. Four main themes were identified: (1) there is no ideal time to family build in a medical career, (2) family planning is a taboo topic, (3) surgical specialties offer less support for family building, and (4) residents who have children are perceived to place a burden on their colleagues. Medical students considered their family planning while deliberating among specialty choices and their experiences were highly influential in shaping their specialty selection. Results of this qualitative study suggest that medical students perceive that family building during training may have unfavorable implications for team dynamics and relationships with colleagues, and these perceptions may affect specialty choice and family planning goals. Integration of family planning discussions and support for family building into medical curricula is needed along with efforts to improve culture by supporting team dynamics and workload when students take parental leave.

The SEC’s Short-Sale Experiment: Evidence on Causal Channels and Reassessment of Indirect Effects

During 2005–2007, the Securities and Exchange Commission conducted a randomized trial in which it removed short-sale restrictions from one third of the Russell 3000 firms. Early studies found modest market microstructure effects of removing the restrictions but no effect on short interest, stock returns, volatility, or price efficiency. More recently, many studies have attributed a wide range of indirect outcomes to this experiment, mostly without assessing the causal channels for those outcomes. We examine the three most often cited causal channels for these indirect effects: short interest, returns, and managerial fear. We find no evidence to support these channels. We then reexamine the principal findings in four recent studies using a sample that closely matches the actual experiment and a common research design and find minimal support for the reported indirect effects. Our findings highlight the importance of confirming a causal channel or an economic mechanism and show that sample selection and specification choices can produce statistical significance even without an underlying economic mechanism. This paper was accepted by David Sraer, finance. Supplemental Material: The internet appendix and data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4918 .

Reflecting on why transformation students in a comprehensive bursary programme may be academically unsuccessful

It is imperative that higher education institutions reflect on the success of transformation initiatives aimed at providing students with academic, financial, and other support. Programmes such as the Thuthuka Bursary Fund aim to provide students with a comprehensive bursary programme that offers multi-faceted support. By conducting interviews with 11 students who were previously in the Thuthuka bursary programme between 2017 and 2021, and lost their bursary at various stages of their undergraduate degree programme due to poor academic performance, this study qualitatively examined the effectiveness of multi-faceted bursary programmes in an attempt to determine, based on student reflections, what factors were the most prevalent in contributing to their poor academic performance. These students received a comprehensive bursary for student fees, accommodation, and other living expenses. The findings of this study suggest that various factors led to these students losing their bursaries, with the overarching factors including inadequately tailored mental health-focused support and mentoring based on the students’ specific needs. The interview participants noted that many of these support services were offered; however, the students opted not to make use of these. The findings suggest that academic success and the enhancing of wellbeing are interwoven; the specific context of bursary holders should be considered in programme design considerations. Of vital importance is the understanding of students’ backgrounds, as these present unique challenges to their integration into higher education institutions. The stigma ofasking for help should be eradicated as far as possible through specific design choices in the support offered to these students. The findings provide insight that can be used by various bursary programme planners to design their programmes better and to consider the effect of students losing their bursaries in the higher education environment system.

TOI-544 b: a potential water-world inside the radius valley in a two-planet system

ABSTRACT We report on the precise radial velocity follow-up of TOI-544 (HD 290498), a bright K star (V = 10.8), which hosts a small transiting planet recently discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). We collected 122 high-resolution High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) and HARPS-N spectra to spectroscopically confirm the transiting planet and measure its mass. The nearly 3-yr baseline of our follow-up allowed us to unveil the presence of an additional, non-transiting, longer-period companion planet. We derived a radius and mass for the inner planet, TOI-544 b, of 2.018 ± 0.076 R⊕ and 2.89 ± 0.48 M⊕, respectively, which gives a bulk density of $1.93^{+0.30}_{-0.25}$ g cm−3. TOI-544 c has a minimum mass of 21.5 ± 2.0 M⊕ and orbital period of 50.1 ± 0.2 d. The low density of planet-b implies that it has either an Earth-like rocky core with a hydrogen atmosphere, or a composition which harbours a significant fraction of water. The composition interpretation is degenerate depending on the specific choice of planet interior models used. Additionally, TOI-544 b has an orbital period of 1.55 d and equilibrium temperature of 999 ± 14 K, placing it within the predicted location of the radius valley, where few planets are expected. TOI-544 b is a top target for future atmospheric observations, for example with JWST, which would enable better constraints of the planet composition.

A comparison of rural and regional work locations and speciality choices between graduates from the University of Wollongong and all Australian medical schools using the Medical Schools Outcomes Database.

The shortfall in medical workers in rural and remote Australia has led to health discrepancies in these regions. The University of Wollongong's medical program was designed to encourage graduates to work in these regions to address this shortfall. To compare rural and regional locations of work and choices of speciality between University of Wollongong's graduates and graduates from all Australian universities. We conducted a longitudinal analysis on data available from the Medical Schools Outcome database, with graduate exit surveys linked to registrations of location and speciality. Rural and remote locations were identified as MM2-7 regions using the Modified Monash Model. In total, 716 graduates from the University of Wollongong and 26 915 graduates from all Australian medical schools completed the MSOD exit survey in 2010-2021 and registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency in 2022. The main outcome was the relative likelihood (relative risk) of cohorts working in rural and regional areas and of cohorts choosing general practice as their speciality. University of Wollongong's medical graduates were 1.51 times or 51% more likely to work in regional or rural areas (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.34 to 1.71, p < 0.0001). Respondents who were 10 or more years post graduation were 1.57 times or 57% more likely to specialise in general practice than all other Australian medical graduates (RR 1.57 95% CI: 1.40 to 1.79, p < 0.0001). The University of Wollongong's medical school is producing graduates to meet Australia's rural health workforce needs. This may be due to a higher intake of rural students, and a higher percentage of students taking rural placements. Rural health workforce needs can be addressed through rural-focussed education strategies.

The Holistic Empowering Methodological Approach (HEMA): Putting Participants in the Driver's Seat

This article presents the Holistic Empowering Methodological Approach (HEMA), which is philosophically informed by the concept of diversity by design; epistemologically and methodologically guided by hermeneutic phenomenology; and supported by the method of qualitative survey combined with the Single Question Aimed at Inducing Narrative (SQUIN) technique. This is a methodological conceptual article whereby the development and application of the HEMA is illustrated through the study that examined the learning and professional development experiences of disabled and neurodiverse PhD students in library and information science (LIS) programs amid the lingering COVID-19 pandemic and explored their academic lifeworlds. The article critically assesses the merits and shortcomings of the HEMA and provides other researchers with a roadmap for replicating the HEMA in every phase of research: from brainstorming to the selection of methods, to data collection, analysis, interpretation, and reporting. In so doing, the article also strives to reaffirm the vitality of rigorous qualitative methodology in studying underresearched, minoritized, and marginalized communities. From the scholarly worldview to specific methodological choices, this framework advocates for the type of research that puts participants in the “driver's seat,” giving them agency and providing the opportunity for self-definition and self-determination. The nuanced presentation of a holistic methodological approach, with particular attention paid to the issues of methodological rigor and quality control, will be of benefit to both beginner and seasoned researchers and can serve as an educational aid in research methods courses and dissertation supervision.

Broad and Detailed Agreement: Public Preferences for German Immigration Policy

Immigration policy is often considered one of the most divisive issues in Western Europe and North America. We explore whether that debate has been oversimplified. We start from the position that immigration is a complex issue comprising many specific policy choices. We then investigate whether preferences are consistently open or closed across a range of immigration policy criteria. We analyze an original survey with a nationally representative sample of Germans. Our results suggest that preferences are not consistently open or closed on immigration, integration, and naturalization regulations. Overall, the German public would prefer to be open on some aspects of immigration policy and closed on others. In addition, population subsets who are either “pro-” or “anti-” immigration in general have the same preferences for whether to be open or closed on specific immigration policies. Our findings promote a more detailed approach to studying immigration preferences, which adds nuance to the idea of immigration as a grand societal conflict. In doing so, we highlight how future studies can refine expectations about when policy preferences are more permissive or restrictive.

Transitivity in Pope Francis’ Speech in Morocco: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis

The way we speak and the words we choose to convey a certain message are not neutral. They are overloaded with certain meanings that represent our worldview, namely when delivered by most influential people like religious leaders and used in contexts which are ideologically constructed like that of the speech of Pope Francis with his symbolic power and role in religious diplomacy. The main aim of this study is to investigate the construction of experiential meanings in Pope Francis' historical speech during his apostolic journey to Morocco on March 19, 2019, by examining the specific linguistic choices employed. This study employs the transitivity model within the framework of systemic functional linguistics (SFL) as its theoretical foundation for analysis. Precisely, using quantitative analysis, this paper endeavors to address two key questions: Firstly, what distributions and patterns of transitivity has Pope Francis utilized in constructing experiential meanings in his speech in Morocco? Second, what functions do the transitivity processes and each participant involved have in the delivered speech text, aiding the speaker in conveying their intention? The dataset comprises 182 clauses extracted from the aforementioned speech. The results of this study showed that Pope Francis employed six types of transitivity processes, totaling 186 processes. Yet, material processes, constituting 62%, and mental processes, comprising 15%, were identified as dominant, suggesting their significant roles in conveying vibrant information in his speech that aimed to enhance dialogue and foster friendly relations between Catholicism and Islam, promoting cooperation in the construction and establishment of a world characterized by sincere, courageous, and essential collaboration. The findings therefore indicate that transitivity choices play a crucial role in conveying implicit meanings.