Specific Training Courses Research Articles

An evidence-based training and support course for caregivers of children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in New Zealand

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline the development of an evidence-based training and support course for caregivers of children with foetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in New Zealand, and a brief evaluation undertaken. The seven-week caregiver training course takes an empowerment and advocacy orientation, and the aim is to assist caregivers who are caring for children with, or suspected to have FASD, develop greater resilience and strategies to help their families live successfully with impairments in a disabling society.Design/methodology/approachA total of 13 parents and caregivers received a seven times two-hour weekly group programme of talks, exercises and case study discussions focused on the following objectives: an increased knowledge of FASD; an increased knowledge of successful strategies and interventions that can be used to help families; and having an opportunity to foster strong peer-support relationships with others who share the lived experience of FASD. A brief interview-based evaluation was undertaken to ascertain caregivers’ views of the course, its benefits and limitations.FindingsCaregivers valued both the content and process of the training course. They highlighted that strength of the training was the delivery by experienced, professionally trained caregivers of children with FASD. They valued the opportunity to spend time with peers in similar circumstances who understood the challenges of parenting a child with FASD.Originality/valueA short evidence-based specialist training course for parents and caregivers with an empowerment and peer-support orientation is beneficial to parenting children with FASD.

Training of specialists in spectral analysis in the Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University (UrFU)

Features of training specialists, bachelors, and masters in the field of atomic emission spectral analysis at the Department of Physical and Chemical Methods of Analysis [Ural Federal University (UrFU)] are considered. When training bachelors, coverage of the specialty course «Methods of atomic spectral analysis» is reduced almost by half compared to the same course for specialist. Length of practicals and research trainings is also significantly reduced. Therefore, students graduated with a bachelor degree can be incorporated into the actual practical activities of the laboratories at the enterprises and research companies only in laboratory positions. Master’s program is deeper in theoretical knowledge and research training and practicals become of particular importance. Thus, only a full cycle of two-level education can be comparable with the previous engineering training of specialists. The structure of the curriculum and features of setting up advanced training courses (additional professional education) for specialists in analytical laboratories focused in particular on a detailed study of the features of recording atomic emission spectra by the MAÉS analyzer using the ATOM program is presented. The experience of advanced training of the personnel of industrial laboratories conducted at the training centers of UrFU is described. This form of additional professional education is recommended for advanced and refresher’s training of the laboratory personnel at large enterprises.

Preanalytical challenges - time for solutions.

The European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EFLM) Working Group for the Preanalytical Phase (WG-PRE) was originally established in 2013, with the main aims of (i) promoting the importance of quality in the preanalytical phase of the testing process, (ii) establishing best practices and providing guidance for critical activities in the preanalytical phase, (iii) developing and disseminating European surveys for exploring practices concerning preanalytical issues, (iv) organizing meetings, workshops, webinars or specific training courses on preanalytical issues. As education is a core activity of the WG-PRE, a series of European conferences have been organized every second year across Europe. This collective article summarizes the leading concepts expressed during the lectures of the fifth EFLM Preanalytical Conference "Preanalytical Challenges - Time for solutions", held in Zagreb, 22-23 March, 2019. The topics covered include sample stability, preanalytical challenges in hematology testing, feces analysis, bio-banking, liquid profiling, mass spectrometry, next generation sequencing, laboratory automation, the importance of knowing and measuring the exact sampling time, technology aids in managing inappropriate utilization of laboratory resources, management of hemolyzed samples and preanalytical quality indicators.

Investigation Into the Pharmacist's Role in Breastfeeding Support in the "Roma B" Local Health Authority in Rome.

Background: Breastfeeding is the biological norm for feeding infants and a public health strategy with such a significant impact on the health of the population in the short, medium, and long terms that it should be considered a priority. A pharmacy can be a place for breastfeeding support, since it is open 24 hours a day and is easily accessible. Objective: The main objective of our fact-finding investigation into the breastfeeding support role of pharmacists in the "Roma B" Local Health Authority was to understand how often pharmacists came into contact with nursing mothers, and if pharmacists felt the need to have a greater knowledge of issues regarding breastfeeding. Methods: This survey was done by administering 144 questionnaires (to 1 pharmacist per pharmacy) with items about the support and the protection of breastfeeding and lactation, the perceived need for specific training courses, and openness to establishing virtuous network mechanisms with stakeholders who work in breastfeeding in that geographical area. Results: Our survey shows that mothers come to pharmacies for advice about various health problems. Although pharmacists had little knowledge about breastfeeding, they were interested in participating in a training course. Ninety percent of them declared their interest in collaborating with local breastfeeding stakeholders. Conclusions: The role of the pharmacist in the protection, promotion, and support of breastfeeding has become increasingly important, along with the awareness of being competent and ethical on issues about breastfeeding.

Effectiveness of an Education Program on Nurses’ Knowledge and Practice toward Nursing Management for Patients with Leukemiawho are Undergoing Chemotherapy in Baghdad Teaching Hospital

Pre-experimental design, using one group pretest-posttestdesign, is conducted to determine the effectiveness of an education program on nurses’ knowledge and practice for patients with leukemia who are undergoing chemotherapy. The study was conducted for the period from October 25th, 2018 to April 29th, 2019. The study included a purposive sample of nurses who deliver a bedside care to patients with leukemia. The study sample included (20) male and (20) female nurses. Self-report questionnaire is constructed. It encompasses (5) parts, first part deals with nurses’ socio-demographic characteristics, Part II Nurses’ Knowledge about Leukemia, Part III Nurses’ Knowledge about chemotherapy and Its Side Effects Part IV Nurses’ Knowledge about Nursing Management, Part V Observational Checklist for Nurses’ Practice. Results: The study findings indicate that there are significant differences between (pre and post1-post2) regarding (nurses’ knowledge and practice for patients with leukemia). Recommendations: The researchers recommend specific training courses for nurses with exam to get the benefit and to have effect on the oncology nurses’ knowledge and practice, oncology nurses must have a specific pre–oncology educational courses before participation in the oncology ward.

Der Stellenwert der Schwerbehindertenvertretung in der betrieblichen Inklusion

Eine inklusive Arbeitswelt ist eine bedeutende Grundlage für eine selbstbestimmte und gleichberechtigte Teilhabe von Menschen mit Behinderungen und gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen am Leben in der Gesellschaft. Durch die gesetzliche Verankerung und praktische Implementation der Schwerbehindertenvertretung (SBV) als betriebliche Interessenvertretung von Menschen mit Behinderung kann betriebliche Inklusion gestaltet werden. Auf Grundlage einer Befragung von 1552 Vertrauenspersonen der schwerbehinderten und gleichgestellten Beschäftigten in deutschen Betrieben und Dienststellen zeigt dieser Beitrag, dass ihre Arbeit durch eine große Nähe zu ihrer Zielgruppe gekennzeichnet ist und sie eine wichtige Repräsentanz- und Unterstützungsfunktion ausüben. Verdeutlicht wird auch, dass das Handeln und der Handlungsspielraum der SBV durch die Erwartungen und Interessen verschiedener Akteur*innen – u. a. jener der schwerbehinderten Kolleg*innen, der Unternehmensleitung und des Betriebs-/Personalrats – geprägt sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund ergeben sich Rollenkonflikte, die es durch gezielte Weiterbildungen zu bearbeiten gilt.

Application of Ergonomics in Helwan University Libraries: An evaluation study

The study objective is to evaluate the current ergonomic situation of the design of the work station in the libraries of Helwan University. This is to determine the positives and monitoring the negatives in the current work station and to identify the effect of the current design of the Helwan libraries. As to the effect of the health and physical state of the librarians and the users at the Helwan University libraries, and study the feasibility of applying the ergonomics standard in libraries at Helwan University. The study was based on the field survey methodology to obtain detailed and accurate information on the current situation of the design of the workstation in Helwan University libraries, (sample study), through the following data collection tools are: checklist, a questionnaire for librarians, and a questionnaire for users. The most important results of the study are the lack of compatibility of the design requirements in the workstation of most of the libraries under the ergonomics standard, and the dissatisfaction of the librarians and the users of the design of the workstation in most of the studied sample libraries. The study also showed that the library administrations did not organize any of the training courses on awareness of how to avoid occupational injuries, and there is no knowledge of the librarian on ergonomics and how to follow the principles of ergonomics in action to maintain occupational health and safety. The study concluded with a number of recommendations the most important of which was the necessity of cooperation between the University Administration and the General Administration of Libraries to prepare the ergonomics program, for the development and redesign of the workstation at Helwan University libraries. The need of ergonomics is to raise the level of satisfaction of librarians and the satisfaction of users for the library services provided by the library, and make the library services more effectively. The allocation of breaks for employees to relax, and to have some exercises that help to maintain a health body and avoid occupational injuries. With the provision for a suitable area and the need to develop a specialized training courses for the libraries ergonomics programs is the correct way to perform the work without causing injuries.

Повышение адаптационных возможностей молодежи на рынке труда: опыт УрФУ (г. Екатеринбург)

The current situation in the youth segment of the labour market is characterized by high unemployment and instability. The mechanisms regulating relations between the labour market and the educational services market do not ensure that the educational process of young people meets the needs and requirements of employers. In this regard, a necessary condition today is to improve the mechanisms with greater adaptive capacity, which would effectively solve the problem of youth employment. Thus, the purpose of this article is to study the practical mechanisms used in the UrFU to improve the adaptive capacity of young professionals and to assess the views of graduates on their application in the University. To this end, the empirical material obtained in the study of the opinion of students aged 20 to 21 years, on the basis of UrFU in Yekaterinburg, was analyzed using the questionnaire method. The relevance of the study is due to the existence of the problem of adaptation of young people in the labor market, which requires improvement, and is enhanced by the fact that it has a practical orientation. The materials of the work can be used in subsequent research of the youth segment of the labor market, as well as in the preparation of textbooks and reading training courses in universities on the basics of employment technologies and the effective behavior of young people in the labor market. The results of the study showed: 1. UrFU pays special attention to the promotion of employment and adaptation in the labor market of graduates, using mechanisms that have a more General (universal) character, but do not contain targeted (individual) assistance to graduates. 2. To solve the identified problems, the authors develop a special training course «technology of effective employment», aimed at improving the adaptive capacity of graduates of UrFU.

Caractéristiques socio-démographiques et cliniques des adolescents détenus hospitalisés en unité hospitalière spécialement aménagée : résultats d’une étude transversale nationale

BackgroundIn France, on the first of January 2018, 772 underage persons were in jail or about 1.1 % of the incarcerated population. The prevalence of psychiatric disorders among those inmates is high. As a result psychiatric care (and particularly full-time hospitalization) is essential for this population. The unités hospitalières spécialement aménagées (UHSA) are full-time inpatient hospitalization units for inmates in France. Adults but also underage inmates can be admitted to UHSA for voluntary or involuntary hospitalization. However, no study about the characteristics of young patients admitted to UHSA is currently available. The aim of this study is to describe the population of children and adolescent patients hospitalized in these facilities and to evaluate the care provided. MethodWe conducted a retrospective study, including all the patients under 18 years of age, who have been hospitalized in UHSA since its creation in 2010 until 31 December 2016. Anonymized data concerning socio-demographic profile, clinical symptoms and care provided have been collected from the medical records of each patient. ResultsOverall 80 underage patients were included, for 120 hospitalisations in UHSA. Those patients are mainly male (80%) with a mean age of 16.7 years. They are mostly hospitalized with their consent (59%) for stays of about 50 days and frequently after self-harm behaviours. The main diagnoses are anxiety disorders (26%) and psychotic disorders (25%). At the end, 86% of the patients are prescribed a psychotropic drug treatment and 40% of those medical drugs are prescribed outside the guidelines. Finally, several specific problems were identified. Especially, contact with families and educators or access to education programs are very challenging. ConclusionThis study highlights the current difficulties encountered in the management of inmate underage patients in full-time psychiatric hospitalization. In this paper, we propose areas for improvement through (1) specific arrangements to receive young patients (specific service's management in order to reinforce the observation of those young people, to facilitate contact with their families, to improve the access to education programs, etc.); (2) specific arrangements in the treatment offered to young patients in UHSA (specific training course for nurses, specific therapeutic programs, etc.); (3) the development of networks working with psychiatric services inside and outside the prison, educators, families and prison services, in order to promote the continuity of cares.

تقییم الخبراء والممارسین لمهارات الأداء المهنیة اللفظیة وغیر اللفظیة لمذیعی ومقدمی البرامج فی الإذاعة والتلیفزیون المصری

تسعي هذه الدراسة إلي التعرف علي معايير تقييم الخبراء والممارسين لمهارات الأداء المهنية (اللفظية وغير اللفظية) لمذيعي ومقدمي البرامج في الإذاعة والتليفزيون المصري؛ حيث إن کفاءة القائم بالاتصال من المعايير الهامة لدعم مصداقية وسائل الإعلام وتحسين الصورة الذهنية لها. منهج الدراسة وأدواتها: اعتمدت الباحثة علي المنهج الوصفي، واختارت المقابلة المتعمقة کأداة لجمع البيانات؛ وذلک لأنها الأنسب في تحقيق أهداف الدراسة . مجتمع وعينة الدراسة: تکون مجتمع الدراسة من الخبراء المشارکين في لجان تحکيم إختيار مذيعي ومقدمي البرامج في الإذاعة والتليفزيون بالإضافة إلي بعض الممارسين للمهنة من الإعلاميين، وقد بلغ إجمالي عينة الدراسة العمدية20 خبيرا وممارسا. أهم نتائج الدراسة: - توجد أولوية لمعيار الأداء اللفظي بالنسبة لباقي معايير المهارات المهنية الواجب توافرها في المذيعين. - توجد علاقة طردية بين مستوي المهارات المهنية اللفظية ومستوي الأداء المهني للمذيعين. - يوجد تأثير ايجابي للمهارة المهنية في العمل الإعلامي علي الممارسة الإعلامية للمؤسسة بشکل عام. -يوجد تأثير ايجابي لشخصية وثقافة ودقة أعضاء لجنة اختيار المذيعين علي مستوي تقييمهم لمهارة الأداء اللفظي للمذيعين، کما يوجد تأثير إيجابي لإدراک المذيع لمستوي مهارة الأداء اللفظي له علي مستوي التقييم. - توجد مجموعة من العوامل المؤثرة ايجابيا علي الأداء المهني للقائم بالاتصال مثل: السن، الخبرة الحياتية، التخصص الدراسي، الدورات التدريبية المتخصصة، ملکية المؤسسة الإعلامية، الترقي الوظيفي، أما الأداء اللفظي بشکل خاص فيتأثر بمتغير نوع الوسيلة، وهناک عوامل ذات تأثير سلبي مثل العلاقات الشخصية،أما متغير النوع فلا علاقة له بالأداء المهني. واقترحت الباحثة في نهاية الدراسة نموذجين لتقييم المذيعين الجدد بالإذاعة والتليفزيون، تم الوصول إليهما من نتائج الدراسة الحالية والدراسات السابقة وملاحظات الباحثة لأداء المذيعين بالإذاعة والتليفزيون الحکومي والخاص قبل إجراء الدراسة، وبمراجعة علم صفات ومخارج الحروف وتدريسها من قبل الباحثة في إطار مادة الإلقاء والصوتيات بالجامعات المصرية والاستفادة منها الملخص الإنجليزي: Evaluation of experts and practitioners of verbal and nonverbal professional performance skills for broadcasters and program providers On Egyptian radio and television Dr. Abeer Mohamed Hamdy This study aims at identifying the criteria of evaluation of experts and practitioners of the professional performance skills (verbal and nonverbal) for broadcasters and program providers on Egyptian radio and television as the efficiency of the broadcaster is one of the important criteria for enhancing the credibility of the media and improving its mental image. Study Methodology and Tools: The researcher relied on the descriptive method and chose in-depth interview as a tool for data collection as it is the most appropriate in achieving the objectives of the study. Society and Study Sample: The study community consisted of experts participating in the jury selection of broadcasters in addition to some practitioners of media professionals. The total number of samples of the study was 20 of the experts and practitioners. Important Results of the Study: - There is a priority for the standard of verbal performance compared to other standards of professional skills to be met by broadcasters. - There is a direct relationship between the level of professional verbal skills and the level of professional performance of broadcasters. - There is a positive impact of professional skill in the media work more than the media practice of the institution in general. - There is a positive impact on the personality, culture and accuracy of members of the selection Committee of broadcasters at the level of their assessment for the skill of verbal performance of broadcasters, and there is also a positive impact of the broadcaster's understanding of the level of verbal skill at the level of evaluation. - There is a set of factors affecting the professional performance of the communicator such as: age, life experience, field of study, specialized training courses, ownership of the media institution, career promotion. As for the verbal performance in particular, it is influenced by the variable type of the means of communication. There are some factors with negative impact like personal relations, whereas the variable type has no relation to the professional performance. At the end of the study, the researcher proposed two models for evaluating new radio and television broadcasters, which were obtained from the results of the current and previous studies and observations of the researcher regarding the performance of the broadcasters in public and private radio and television before implementing the study. By reviewing linguistics taught by the researcher in the frame of pronunciation and acoustics in the Egyptian universities and benefiting from them.

HEALTH AND PEACE: GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

HEALTH AND PEACE: GLOBAL, REGIONAL AND LOCAL PERSPECTIVE

A quality improvement study for medical devices usage in an acute healthcare setting

The objectives of this study were, for a large NHS Trust, to (1) Implement a medical devices training information system which connects the medical equipment inventory to the electronic staff record. (2) Monitor the changes in safety-related practice in the Trust after implementation (3) Examine the association between training compliance and Trust-wide adverse incident data for high risk medical devices. (4) Identify possible gaps in training course content from adverse incident data. A new system was made available, showing medical devices training records for staff in each location. Relevant staff members were trained on how to set up courses, record training, adjust training requirements and view reports. Training practice, compliance and adverse incidents for high-risk equipment were monitored over 30 months after implementation. Trends and changes in training practice were analysed. The Trust now has monitoring information on medical devices training available that had previously been absent. Training compliance increased from 23% to 59%. The frequency and severity of adverse incidents remained relatively constant throughout and was not associated with the increased uptake of training Trust-wide. Training gaps were identified. A Trust-wide system for recording medical devices training has provided training assurance. After implementation changes in practice with training have been identified. It was not possible to show a direct association between increased training compliance and reduced medical device-related incidents Trust-wide. There were specific training courses where changes in content could increase the safe use of medical devices.

Beyond the broom cupboard: teaching assistants’ reflections upon the wider impact of their specialist dyslexia training

Whilst the government-commissioned Rose Report (2009) on provision and support for dyslexic learners in England called for the deployment of more specialist dyslexia teachers in mainstream schools, the reality seems to be that the job of teaching literacy to children with dyslexia is falling to teaching assistants (TAs). As a result, specialist training courses for TAs have been developed in England. Using the Coldwell and Simkins Training Impact Framework, the present study examines TAs participants’ perceptions of the impact of two such local authority-based training programmes, not just in terms of the impact upon their individual practice, but also in terms of their perceptions of the wider impact of their status as a trained ‘expert’ upon their schools’ policies, culture and practice. ‘Enabling’ and ‘blocking’ factors influencing this wider impact are identified, and implications for the deployment of specialist TAs and the design of their training courses are discussed.

Studying document management at the academic libraries in the Ural region

The findings of the sociological study of higher education institutions libraries of the Ural region zonal methodological association carried out in 2016 are presented. The study objective is to analyze the documenting process as a key factor of decision substantiation in the technological management aimed to facilitate performance of academic libraries, to select forms and conceptualize methodological support of documenting library processes at the universities. The documenting experience is examined in several aspects: document management, documenting process; types of documents; levels of mastering document management methods; self-evaluation of documents. The author concludes on the proposed hypotheses that the level of mastering the modern document management tools differs at various academic libraries of the Ural region. This is due to their varying attitude towards the necessity to improve it. The author identifies three groups of libraries mastering different levels of mastering methods and instruments of document management. As a solution, the author suggests that external methodical support and consultations and specialized training course should be offered to the libraries to develop essential competences which is not possible through fragmented events.

Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in athletes and in special forces soldiers

Abstract Introduction Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling is frequent in athletes. This adaptation is structurally manifested by an increase in cardiac dimensions and mass. Soldiers are also subject to intense physical exercise, although with different characteristics. Objective To compare exercise-induced cardiac remodeling in competitive athletes and in soldiers on a special forces training course. Methods We studied 17 soldiers (all male and Caucasian, mean age 21±3 years) who completed a special forces course and 17 basketball players (47.3% male, 64.7% Caucasian, mean age 21±3 years). Assessment included a transthoracic echocardiogram and analysis of myocardial mechanics. This assessment was performed at the beginning and end of the military course and the sports season, respectively. Results Cardiac remodeling was observed in both groups. The soldiers presented a predominantly eccentric pattern, with increased left ventricular (LV) size (49.7±3.2 vs. 52.8±3.4 mm; p Conclusion Cardiac remodeling was frequent, with an eccentric pattern in soldiers and a concentric pattern in basketball players. Myocardial deformation may represent a physiological adaptation to physical exercise.

Remodelagem cardíaca induzida pelo exercício físico em atletas de nível competitivo e militares de forças especiais

IntroductionExercise‐induced cardiac remodeling is frequent in athletes. This adaptation is structurally manifested by an increase in cardiac dimensions and mass. Soldiers are also subject to intense physical exercise, although with different characteristics. ObjectiveTo compare exercise‐induced cardiac remodeling in competitive athletes and in soldiers on a special forces training course. MethodsWe studied 17 soldiers (all male and Caucasian, mean age 21±3 years) who completed a special forces course and 17 basketball players (47.3% male, 64.7% Caucasian, mean age 21±3 years). Assessment included a transthoracic echocardiogram and analysis of myocardial mechanics. This assessment was performed at the beginning and end of the military course and the sports season, respectively. ResultsCardiac remodeling was observed in both groups. The soldiers presented a predominantly eccentric pattern, with increased left ventricular (LV) size (49.7±3.2 vs. 52.8±3.4 mm; p<0.01), increased LV mass (93.1±7.7 vs. 100.2±11.4 g/m2; p<0.01) and decreased relative wall thickness (0.40±0.1 vs. 0.36±0.1; p=0.05). The basketball players showed a concentric pattern, with decreased LV size (52.0±4.7 vs. 50.4±4.7 mm; p=0.05), and increased relative wall thickness (0.33±0.1 vs. 0.36±0.1; p=0.05). Although there was no significant difference in LV myocardial strain in the groups separately, when compared there was a significant decrease (‐20.2±1.6% vs. ‐19.4±2.1%; p=0.03). ConclusionCardiac remodeling was frequent, with an eccentric pattern in soldiers and a concentric pattern in basketball players. Myocardial deformation may represent a physiological adaptation to physical exercise.

The relation between transformational leadership dimensions and administrative innovation from the point of view of faculty members at Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University.

This study aimed to identify the relation between transformational leadership dimensions and administrative innovation from the point of view of faculty members at Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University. The study is important to reveal this relation to promote the practice of transformational leadership and its role in creating an appropriate environment for administrative innovation at universities. To achieve this objective a questionnaire was prepared for data collection and given to a random sample, (225) people, for the academic year 2017/2018. The results showed that: - There is a statistically significant positive relation between the dimensions of leadership, and administrative innovation among heads of department. - The absence of statistical differences (?= 0.05) attributed to the impact of gender and scientific qualification in all aspects of transformational leadership except for the field of motivation in the gender variable in favor of females and M.A holders. - The presence of statistical differences (?= 0.05) for the variable experience and the differences came in favor of the years of experience between (5 to 10 years) in the motivation of inspiration and in the administrative innovation The study recommended increasing awareness among HODS of the importance of adopting the method of transformational leadership as a modern and effective leadership method at universities and its reflection on the administrative innovation of faculty members by holding specialized training courses for HODS, encouraging them to present new ideas for work methods, and completing the work in through developing method.

Characteristics of psychological and pedagogical support of of children with special needs

The paper deals with characteristics of psychological and pedagogical support of children with special needs. The main attention is paid to the formation of harmonised personality despite the physical disabilities. The topicality of the subject is conditioned with the constant increase of the number of children with special needs, and the need for their entering to society, affording possibilities for access to education and field of professional activities. The purpose of the paper is the research of the characteristics of psychological and pedagogical support of children with special needs. The conducted research provided diagnostics of the maturity level of key life children with special needs competences. A special training course was developed, the implementation of which will contribute the further successful socialisation of children with special needs. The prospects of further researches in this area provides development and implementation of a system of individual lessons for different aged children with special needs. The practical value of this research is the extension of the spectrum of practical researches in the area of possibilities' enhancement for children with special needs.

Effectiveness of an education program on nurses’ knowledge concerning side effect of chemotherapy in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals

Nurses caring for patients undergoing chemotherapy require specialized knowledge in order to ensure safety for patient’s life. Therefore, where the negligence or mistake occurs during chemotherapy treatment may lead to adverse consequences on patient’s life. So, educational programs concerning this subject can be of imperative benefit for both patient and nurse. To determine the Effectiveness of an Education Program on nurses’ Knowledge concerning Side Effect of Chemotherapy in oncology wards. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals from 19th, October 2017 to the 20th, May 2018. The study instrument is composed of two parts: first part dealing with the socio-demographic characteristics of the nurses, while the second part dealing with the Knowledge test which consists from (30) items (multiple choices) questionnaires divided into (3) main dimensions related to nurse’s knowledge concerning side effects of chemotherapy. The study concluded that the effectiveness of an education program concerning side effects of chemotherapy is positive at a high rate. The study recommended to Specific training courses for nurses with exam to get the benefit and to have effect on the oncology nurses knowledge, and oncology nurses must have a specific preoncology educational courses before participation to the oncology ward.

Psychiatric Patients’ and Nurses' Opinions About Limit Setting Technique in Port-said City

BackgroundLimit setting facilitates the development of a therapeutic, caring and supportive relationships, it can also decrease patients' feelings of anxiety and uncertainty. It is a two-way process that should be delivered professionally by the nurse and perceived therapeutically by the patient, so patient considered a vital participant of the technique. AimThe present study aimed at exploring psychiatric patients' and nurses' opinions as well as their information about limit setting. MethodAll nurses working at the hospital and working along the day (the three day shifts) were included in the study (N=88), as well as all convenient patients that were willing to participate in the study (N=104).In order to collect data for the present study, three open-ended structured questionnaires were developed by the researcher. ResultsPsychiatric nurses working at Port-Said psychiatric hospital have insufficient information concerning limit setting in which use of threats and authoritarian communication is nurses' style of application. Regrettably, nurses of the present study disagreed with essential and indispensible principles that should be followed when setting limits. Concerning psychiatric patients, the study revealed that patients had negative experiences with limit settings that contributed to enforcement of misconceptions and negative opinions about limit setting. Also, psychiatric patients viewed limit setting technique as nurses' way of punishment as well as humiliation. RecommendationsProviding nurses with sufficient information about different psychiatric nursing skills such as communication skills and use of restraint; through holding educational workshops and seminars. Secondly, nurses need specific and professional training course accompanied with clinical application or simulation. As regard psychiatric patients, providing courses by professional and competent nursing staff regarding limit setting emphasizing its therapeutic uses and outcomes is a must; in order to correct misconceptions they acquired.