Specialized Procedures Research Articles

Analysis of medical records in a specialized osteopathic clinic in Moscow

Introduction. In clinics, hospitals, public and private hospitals, it is necessary to ensure that documentation meets all the requirements of the industry regulator. Registration, maintenance, systematization, storage of medical documentation is a specific and difficult task, it serves as a means of proving the conduct of medical, diagnostic and other specialized procedures. Medical documents serve as a tool for monitoring the quality of medical services provided, confirming the fact of assistance and revealing its essence.
 The goal is to conduct internal quality control of medical documentation and develop a set of measures to improve quality control of medical care.
 Methods. The research uses statistical methods of data processing (calculation of shares, average) and analysis of literature data .
 Conclusion. As one of the main indicators of the effectiveness of the chief physician, it is necessary to consider quality control of medical documentation, the most complete registration of it by specialists of the clinic and regular training of clinicians.

Formulation of Flexibility-Based Component Mode Synthesis for Transient Analysis

Flexibility-based component mode synthesis (F-CMS) is one of the most popular free-interface component mode synthesis (CMS) methods. In the F-CMS method, localized Lagrange multipliers are employed along the interface boundary as a constraint condition between substructures; thus, it offers various advantages, including the perfect independence of subdomains, the easy treatment of the incompatible interface mesh, and parallelized formulation. However, the use of the Lagrange multipliers requires nonstandard specialized eigenvalue analysis procedures. This, in turn, requires a considerable modification in the standard displacement-based time integrators for transient analysis by using the F-CMS method. In the present study, the localized Lagrange multipliers are condensed by exploiting residual flexibility, and this results in a standard displacement-based reduced-order model. A report is made of the performance of the proposed method as compared to several CMS methods, with favorable features observed for the proposed method.

Inserção no mundo do trabalho odontológico: percepção de graduandos em Odontologia sobre habilidades adquiridas e expectativas

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a autopercepção do estudante de odontologia quanto às habilidades adquiridas na graduação para o início de suas atividades profissionais, além de identificar aspectos de seu projeto profissional. Os estudantes do décimo período de duas Instituições de Ensino Superior responderam a um questionário autoaplicável, com perguntas relacionadas às habilidades e competências previstas nas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de Odontologia, e relativas ao seu projeto inicial de vida profissional. Dos 132 questionários distribuídos, 103 foram respondidos. A maioria dos estudantes considerou iniciar carreira em clínica privada e/ou pública (87; 84,46%), como prestador de serviços. Planejam continuidade de estudos em cursos de especialização e ou aperfeiçoamento (72; 69,89%); têm segurança em habilidades clínicas relacionadas a procedimentos de Atenção Básica (>70%) e bem menos em procedimentos especializados. Quanto às habilidades gerais apresentam dificuldades em termos de liderança e gerenciamento (<42,71). Não são fluentes em língua estrangeira (28,15%,) e apresentam expectativas de ganhos financeiros próximas à realidade. Compreendem bem o mundo do trabalho, percebem a necessidade de continuar os estudos, estão seguros de algumas habilidades gerais e clínicas adquiridas e percebem que algumas estão insuficientes. Rever o modo de ensinar, a relação ensino-aprendizagem e a metodologia de avaliação pode ser um caminho para tornar vivas as Diretrizes Nacionais Curriculares para a Odontologia.

Methods for the Simulation of the Aerodynamic Heating Conditions of the Structural Elements of Space Shuttles

The paper considers the problem of creating and operating products of reusable space-rocket hardware, in particular with respect to ensuring the integrity of structural elements and safe return to Earth under aerodynamic heating conditions. This problem has two aspects, which differ in specificity of the approaches to designing the elements of space shuttle systems (SSS). The first aspect is associated with ensuring the reliable functioning of the most thermally stressed elements of the re-entry glider, which are structures with large angles of attack, such as fuselage nose and leading edge, wing loading edge, elevators and air intake edges. The second aspect mainly concerns ensuring the allowable temperature level of the spacecraft pressure shell on all flight path segments, especially during re-entry in the Earth’s atmosphere. In view of this, one of the main goals in creating SSSs is to develop a reliable heat shield having acceptable size and weight parameters, and cost. The successful solution of these problems is determined in many respects by the optimal choice of appropriate classes of materials: special high-temperature alloys, structural ceramics, highmelting-point metallic and polymeric composite materials. For the modern structures of SSSs, the use of structural metallic materials is worth-while in many respects. Rig test procedures are proposed. A complex of gas-dynamic test rigs was used as the basic equipment, whose fundamental design features and methodological solutions ensure the complete rig test cycle for the solution of problems in both directions. The methodological basis of rig tests is a set of specialized procedures for the simulation of thermally stressed states of the material and the intesity of the external action of the environment, which provide the equivalence of material damage processes and the limit state of the structural element under investigation under model and full-scale conditions. The fundamental basis of these approaches is the classical similarity and dimensional theories, the main postulates of which have been transformed and adapted to the problems of the study of the strength of materials and damageability of structural elements under thermal cyclic loading in corrosive environments. The developed procedures and experimental means allowed the modeling of aerodynamic heating processes of the structural elements of space shuttles. It has been shown that the implemented methods enable the evaluation of functional characteristics, determination of a set of properties and refinement of the technology for the formation of structural elements of aerospace vehicles operating under the conditions of aerodynamic heating to extremely high temperatures.

Neuropsychology Within a Tertiary Care Epilepsy Center

Epilepsy is a prevalent condition characterized by variations in its clinical presentation, etiology, and amenability to treatment. Through history, neuropsychologists have played a significant role in performing research studies on changes in language, memory, and executive functioning in patients with epilepsy, including those undergoing surgical treatment for medically refractory seizures. These studies provided a foundation for establishing neuropsychologists as critical members of interdisciplinary clinical teams specializing in evaluation and treatment of epilepsy. This article describes a number of elements of specialized neuropsychological practice that have evolved over the years within a tertiary care epilepsy center. Through diagnostic interview and objective testing, the neuropsychologist is able to provide a more complete and objective understanding of a patient's cognitive and behavioral functioning than what is obtained by other clinicians through brief office visits. While assessment of cognition, mood, and behavior is the most commonly provided service to patients with epilepsy from all age groups, there are many instances when neuropsychologists in surgical settings are called to perform more specialized procedures, including the intracarotid amytal (Wada) procedure, electrocortical stimulation mapping of language eloquent brain regions, and functional brain imaging procedures. While working as a neuropsychologist on an interdisciplinary epilepsy care team requires specialized knowledge and clinical training, it is extremely satisfying due to the diversity of the patient population and the particular challenges resulting from the often unique manner that cognition and behavior can be affected in patients with epilepsy across the lifespan.

DESAFIOS DA REGULAÇÃO ASSISTENCIAL NA ORGANIZAÇÃO DO SISTEMA ÚNICO DE SAÚDE

Introdução: a regulação assistencial é um local de observação e ordenamento da rede de serviços e de gerenciamento do fluxo do usuário. Os constantes incrementos de novos procedimentos especializados devido às evoluções em ciência e tecnologias, e ao mercado de serviços em saúde requerem um planejamento dinâmico e uma gestão focada em melhorias de eficiência e eficácia. A identificação de problemas comuns às regulações pode colaborar para a prática dos gestores desta atividade. Objetivo: descrever os principais desafios enfrentados pela regulação assistencial. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa da literatura com consulta a base SciELO scielo. Utilizou-se os assuntos “regulação de redes e sistemas de saúde”, “regulação de serviços de saúde” e “regulação em saúde” sem definição de filtros, e com a opção AND entre as palavras dos assuntos. Após leitura dos títulos fez-se um segundo filtro com leitura de resumos. Resultados: foram categorizados os seguintes desafios: 1. limitada oferta de consultas e exames na rede assistencial. 2. precariedade da referência e contrarreferência. 3. dificuldades na organização das atividades de regulação. 4. baixa utilização / inexistência de protocolos para encaminhamentos. 5. precariedade de sistemas de informação e comunicação. 6. significativa influência política na gestão das unidades de saúde. 7. desorganização da rede de serviços. Conclusão: os desafios elencados sintetizam uma agenda estratégica de gestão, podendo auxiliar os gestores na tomada de decisão, no monitoramento e avaliação.
 
 DESCRITORES 
 Regulação.Continuidade da Assistência ao Paciente.Integralidade em Saúde.

A Low-Cost, Reusable, Ballistic Gelatin Ultrasound Phantom for Simulation of Glenohumeral Intraarticular Injections.

Deliberate practice of invasive procedures on simulation phantoms has been recommended to teach trainees. For many departments, these task trainers can be prohibitively expensive. Sometimes, phantoms for specialized procedures are not commercially available at all. There are currently are no commercially available simulation phantoms for the purpose of ultrasound (US)-guided glenohumeral joint injection. The objective was to create a low-cost, reusable, homemade simulation phantom for US-guided glenohumeral joint injection using easily obtainable materials as well as to determine whether use of such a homemade model by novice learners is associated with increased self-reported comfort level and knowledge of the procedure. Fourth-year emergency medicine-bound medical students and PGY-1 residents were asked to participate in a hands-on 30-minute training session for US-guided glenohumeral joint injection using a homemade simulation phantom. Participants were assessed by pre- and postintervention survey of self-reported comfort levels with the procedure. Outcomes were measured on modified global rating scale (GRS; minimum= 1, maximum= 7). The primary outcome was learner comfort with US-guided glenohumeral joint injection. Secondary outcomes were comfort level in obtaining adequate US image and identifying landmarks of the glenohumeral joint as well as likelihood to perform US-guided injection of the glenohumeral joint in a clinical setting. In the primary outcome, mean GRS scores in 13 participants for comfort with the procedure increased from 2.7 to 5.0 (p<0.01) after intervention. Mean GRS for knowledge of anatomy increased from 2.8 to 5.4 (p<0.01) and mean GRS for comfort in image acquisition increased from 2.8 to 5.3 (p<0.01). Mean GRS for likelihood to perform the procedure trended toward increase from 4.6 to 5.5 (p=0.25). Use of a homemade, low-cost, ballistic gelatin US phantom for simulation of glenohumeral intraarticular injection was associated with increased learner comfort with the procedure.

Secondary care in oral health in small municipalities: a cross-sectional evaluation of demand x access

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the demand and access to specialized procedures in Oral Health in 10 municipalities in the region of Guanhães, Minas Gerais, Brazil, which do not have a Dental Specialty Center. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 dental surgeons of the Primary Care system. These dentists recorded all the patients who were treated from July to November 2016, and who were shown to be in need of being assigned to specialized procedures in oral health. The descriptive analysis was developed in the software SPSS for Windows version 18.0. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ruling 1.615.701). Results: 1085 patients assigned for specialized procedures in Oral Health were evaluated. The majority of these patients were women (56.6%), within an age-range from 13-34 years (51.9%). Among the specialties evaluated, 61% of the patients presented the need for endodontic treatment, with the most compromised tooth being the first permanent molar (33.2%). The outcomes were recorded for 435 (40.1%) patients. Among these, 19.8% of the procedures were performed in the health unit itself and in 45.5% extractions were performed. Conclusion: Limited access to specialized Oral Health procedures was verified. To enable the Oral Health National Policy to consider the specificities of such regions, it is suggested that the scope of action of the oral health teams in primary care is expanded, or that less expensive specialized services are created, so that the access to this level of oral health is assured to all referred patients.

Evaluation of Specialized Oral Health Procedures Performed in Brazil in the Period from 2008 to 2012

Objective: To analyze the correlations between the production of specialized dental procedures from 2008 to 2012 and factors related to the services and context of the Brazilian states. Material and Methods: A quantitative ecological-type study was developed, in which secondary data from Brazilian national databases were used. Procedures for outpatient production of specialized procedures throughout Brazil, from 2008 to 2012, were consolidated from the offering state, the state of the federation being the analysis unit. In order to collect data on coverage by oral health family teams in the Family Health Strategy, as well as the number of CEOs per state, the Strategic Support Management Room (SAGE) was accessed. The corresponding indicator mean proportion of specialized procedures in Brazil (Pmb) was used as dependent variable. Correlations were tested using Spearman's test. The software was Statistical Package for Social Sciences, v. 17.0, with a level of significance of 5%. Results: Pmb was 4.9% for the evaluated period. There was a negative correlation between indicator and the coverage of oral health teams in the family health strategy. Conclusion: The correlations analyzed were influenced by the organization and distribution of the professionals' workforce; revealing that the non-organization of the health care network may increase the performance of specialized procedures resulting from spontaneous demand due to the poor basic care coverage.

Peritoneal metastases of colorectal origin - cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). The financial aspect.

The incidence of peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal cancer amounts to 5%-15% for synchronous metastases and as much as 40% in cases of local recurrence. Best results are obtained for cytoreductive surgery combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). This treatment offers much better outcomes, leading to 5-year survival rates of as much as 30%-50%. The procedures require significant experience in abdominal surgery, are time-consuming (mean duration of the procedure ranging from 6 to 8 hours) and are burdened by complications that are due not only to the procedure itself but also to the intraperitoneal administration of the cytostatic drug at elevated temperature (41.5 °C). After the procedure, patients are required to be admitted to intensive care units due to potential complications associated with the extent and duration of the procedure as well as chemotherapy administered in hyperthermia. Postoperative management of these patients requires appropriate experience of the entire medical and nursing team. Cytoreductive surgeries combined with HIPEC as highly specialized medical procedures should be assessed for their potential long-term benefits and their costs should be appropriately calculated with consideration to realistic reimbursement rates. Realistic valuation and reimbursement covering the overall average cost of the procedure is recommended by the National Consultant in Surgical Oncology as well as the ESMO consensus guidelines.

Association of Hospital Market Concentration With Costs of Complex Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery

Trade-offs involved with market competition, overall costs to payers and consumers, and quality of care have not been well defined. Less competition within any given market may enable provider-driven increases in charges. To examine the association between regional hospital market concentration and hospital charges for hepatopancreaticobiliary surgical procedures. This study included all patients undergoing hepatic or pancreatic resection in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from January 1, 2003, through December 31, 2011. Hospital market concentration was assessed using a variable-radius Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) in the 2003, 2006, and 2009 Hospital Market Structure files. Data were analyzed from November 19, 2016, through March 2, 2017. Hepatic or pancreatic resection. Multivariable mixed-effects log-linear models were constructed to determine the association between HHI and total costs and charges for hepatic or pancreatic resection. Weighted totals of 38 711 patients undergoing pancreatic resection (50.8% men and 49.2% women; median age, 65 years [interquartile range, 55-73 years]) and 52 284 patients undergoing hepatic resection (46.8% men and 53.2% women; median age, 59 years [interquartile range, 49-69 years]) were identified. Higher institutional volume was associated with lower cost of pancreatic resection (-5.4%; 95% CI, -10.0% to -0.5%; P = .03) and higher cost of hepatic resection (13.4%; 95% CI, 8.2% to 18.8%; P < .001). For pancreatic resections, costs were 5.5% higher (95% CI, 0.1% to 11.1%; P = .047) in unconcentrated hospital markets relative to moderately concentrated markets, although overall charges were 8.3% lower (95% CI, -14.0% to -2.3%; P = .008) in highly concentrated markets. For hepatic resections, hospitals in highly concentrated markets had 8.4% lower costs (95% CI, -13.0% to -3.6%; P = .001) compared with those in unconcentrated markets and charges that were 13.4% lower (95% CI, -19.3% to -7.1%; P < .001) compared with moderately concentrated markets and 10.5% lower (95% CI, -16.2% to -4.4%; P = .001) compared with unconcentrated markets. Higher market concentration was associated with lower overall charges and lower costs of pancreatic and hepatic surgery. For complex, highly specialized procedures, hospital market consolidation may represent the best value proposition: better quality of care with lower costs.

Tailoring the Morphology of Responsive Bioinspired Bicomponent Fibers

AbstractNature is an intriguing inspiration for designing a myriad of functional materials. However, artificial mimicking of bioinspired structures usually requires different specialized procedures and setups. In this study, a new upscalable concept is presented that allows to produce two bioinspired, bicomponent fiber morphologies (side‐by‐side and coaxial bead‐on‐string) using the same electrospinning setup, just by changing the employed spinning solvent. The generated fiber morphologies are highly attractive for thermoresponsive actuation and water harvesting. Another challenge solved in this work is the compositional characterization of complex fiber morphologies. Raman imaging and atomic force microscopy is introduced as a powerful method for the unambiguous characterization of complex bicomponent fiber morphologies. The work opens the way for the construction of heterostructured fiber morphologies based on different polymers combinations, offering high potential for applications as actuators, smart textiles, water management, drug release, and catalysis.

Percepção de gestores e enfermeiros sobre a organização do fluxo assistencial na rede de serviços de saúde

Este artigo analisa como gestores e trabalhadores da saúde organizam o fluxo assistencial dos usuários quando há necessidade de compartilhamento de cuidados entre diferentes níveis de atenção à saúde. Trata- se de pesquisa qualitativa com base em entrevistas semiestruturadas com cinco gestores e seis enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) em um município da Bahia. Os resultados indicam redução na busca direta de hospitais, fortalecimento da Estratégia Saúde da Família como porta de entrada principal para os diagnósticos e participação fundamental do agente comunitário de saúde na organização dos fluxos assistenciais. Porém, observa-se insuficiente informatização das unidades de saúde e determinação de prazos para serviços especializados, realizada pela central de regulação de procedimentos especializados, de forma burocrática, sem coordenação da equipe de atenção primária à saúde. A organização do fluxo assistencial é dificultada pela incipiência da rede de atenção à saúde e ausência de instrumentos de comunicação interprofissional.

Using relative handgrip strength to identify children at risk of sarcopenic obesity.

Identifying children at risk of developing childhood sarcopenic obesity often requires specialized equipment and costly testing procedures, so cheaper and quicker methods would be advantageous, especially in field-based settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and relative handgrip strength, and to determine the ability of handgrip strength relative to body mass index (grip-to-BMI) to identify children who are at risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. Grip-to-BMI was measured in 730 Czech children (4 to 14 yrs). Bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, from which the MFR was calculated.The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.791 (95% CI 0.692–0.890, p ˂ 0.001) in girls 4–9; 0.789 (95% CI 0.688–0.890, p ˂ 0.001) in girls 10–14 years old; 0.719 (95% CI 0.607–0.831, p = 0.001) in boys 4–9; and 0.896 (95% CI 0.823–0.969, p ˂ 0.001) in boys 10–14 years old. Calculated using the grip-to-BMI ratio, the OR (95% CI) for girls to be at risk of sarcopenic obesity identified by MFR was 9.918 (4.243–23.186, p ˂ 0.001) and was 11.515 (4.280–30.982, p ˂ 0.001) for boys. The grip-to-BMI ratio can be used to predict the presence of sarcopenic obesity in children, which can play a role in pediatric health interventions.

Investigations of Flutter and Aerodynamic Damping of a Turbine Blade: Experimental Characterization

Flutter is a self-excited and self-sustained aero-elastic instability, caused by the positive feedback between structural vibration and aerodynamic forces. A two-passage linear turbine cascade was designed, built, and tested to better understand the phenomena and collect data to validate numerical models. The cascade featured a center airfoil that had its pitch axis as a degree-of-freedom to enable coupling between the air flow and mechanical response in a controlled manner. The airfoil was designed to be excited about its pitch axis using an electromagnetic actuation system over a range of frequencies and amplitudes. The excitation force was measured with load cells, and the airfoil motion was measured with accelerometers. Extraordinary effort was taken to minimize the mechanical damping so that the damping effects of the airflow over the airfoil, that were of primary interest, would be observable. Assembling the cascade required specialized alignment procedures due to the tight clearances and large motion. The aerodynamic damping effects were determined by observing changes in the mechanical frequency response of the system. Detailed aerodynamic and mechanical measurements were conducted within a wide range of Mach numbers (Ma) from Ma = 0.10 to 1.20. Experimental results indicated that the aerodynamic damping increased from Ma = 0.10 to 0.65, dropped suddenly, and was then constant from Ma = 0.80 to 1.20. A flutter condition was identified in the interval between Ma = 0.65 and Ma = 0.80. The aerodynamic damping was also found to be independent of displacement amplitude within the tested range, giving credence to linear numerical approaches.

Preliminary Results of the Induced Membrane Technique for the Reconstruction of Large Bone Defects.

During past decades, gradual bone transplant using external fixators and vascularized fibular or rib transplants widely contributed to solve difficult problems related to the reconstruction of large bone defects in children. However, these surgeries are time consuming and require specialized surgical skills, not always available in a general hospital setting, mainly in rural areas. To report the preliminary results of the more recently described induced membrane technique in a consecutive series of 8 children and to identify some factors related to the procedure's success. Nine consecutive children with bone defects ranging from 5 to 14 cm were included in the study. The age at surgery ranged from 3 to 16 years. There were 3 congenital pseudarthrosis (CP) of the fibula, 1 CP of the tibia, 1 Ewing sarcoma of the tibia, 1 Ewing sarcoma of the ulna, 1 tibial osteosarcoma, 1 fibular osteosarcoma, and 1 chronic diffuse tibial osteomyelitis. The procedure was performed according to the original Masquelet's description in 2 stages. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 7 years. The child with tibial osteosarcoma died 3 months after the surgery from complications related to chemotherapy. Among the 8 remaining children, 6 healed uneventfully, and 2 required revision with additional grafting and/or better internal fixation, one with Ewing sarcoma of the tibia and a 13-cm bone defect and the second with CP of the fibula. Both of them had suboptimal internal stabilization. The induced membrane technique is a useful, efficient, and simple alternative to highly specialized surgical procedures used for the reconstruction of large bone defects in children. Risk factors for failure include chemotherapy, suboptimal bone fixation, and persistent axial malalignment. Level IV.

Viabilidade de adesão do curso de Odontologia da UFCG ao GraduaCEO

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a viabilidade da adesão do curso de Odontologia da UFCG ao programa GraduaCEO/Brasil Sorridente, comparando o número de procedimentos realizados nas clínicas de Odontologia nos anos de 2013 e 2014 com a produtividade exigida pelo programa para o Padrão I. Para isso, foram analisados 1.243 prontuários de todos os pacientes atendidos nos respectivos anos. Nos anos de 2013 e 2014 foram realizados 3.238 procedimentos (269,83 por mês) e 5.725 procedimentos (477,08 por mês) respectivamente. Ao comparar estes dados à produtividade preconizada pelo Padrão I do GraduaCEO, verificou-se que apenas os procedimentos de baixa complexidade (atenção básica), atingiram, em 2014, a meta preconizada pelo programa do Ministério da Saúde/Brasil. Assim, conclui-se que o curso de Odontologia da UFCG, cujo objetivo é formar profissionais generalistas, não tem suporte de laboratórios, equipamentos e quantidade suficiente de professores para implementar uma atenção odontológica especializada em suas clínicas, tornando inviável a adesão ao GraduaCEO, que determina metas para procedimentos especializados de Endodontia, Periodontia, Prótese e Cirurgia Oral.

Uttar Basti- A critical review

In Ayurvedic Gynecology Sthanik Chikitsa (Local therapies) are the specialized treatment procedures. These procedures basically deal with the disorders of Tryavarta Yoni (Three coverings of Vagina). Vitiation of Vata is mainly responsible for Yoniroga and Artava Vikara. "Basti" is best Vata Shamana Chikitsa. Out of this Uttar Basti is most widely used and unique treatment concept of Stree Roga. In this Study Uttar Basti is reviewed through ancient texts and an effort is made to understand the concept of Uttar Basti.

UPDATING NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATA BASE USING CHANGE DETECTION METHODS

Abstract. The traditional method for updating a topographic database on a national scale is a complex process that requires human resources, time and the development of specialized procedures. In many National Mapping and Cadaster Agencies (NMCA), the updating cycle takes a few years. Today, the reality is dynamic and the changes occur every day, therefore, the users expect that the existing database will portray the current reality. Global mapping projects which are based on community volunteers, such as OSM, update their database every day based on crowdsourcing. In order to fulfil user's requirements for rapid updating, a new methodology that maps major interest areas while preserving associated decoding information, should be developed. Until recently, automated processes did not yield satisfactory results, and a typically process included comparing images from different periods. The success rates in identifying the objects were low, and most were accompanied by a high percentage of false alarms. As a result, the automatic process required significant editorial work that made it uneconomical. In the recent years, the development of technologies in mapping, advancement in image processing algorithms and computer vision, together with the development of digital aerial cameras with NIR band and Very High Resolution satellites, allow the implementation of a cost effective automated process. The automatic process is based on high-resolution Digital Surface Model analysis, Multi Spectral (MS) classification, MS segmentation, object analysis and shape forming algorithms. This article reviews the results of a novel change detection methodology as a first step for updating NTDB in the Survey of Israel.

UPDATING NATIONAL TOPOGRAPHIC DATA BASE USING CHANGE DETECTION METHODS

The traditional method for updating a topographic database on a national scale is a complex process that requires human resources, time and the development of specialized procedures. In many National Mapping and Cadaster Agencies (NMCA), the updating cycle takes a few years. Today, the reality is dynamic and the changes occur every day, therefore, the users expect that the existing database will portray the current reality. Global mapping projects which are based on community volunteers, such as OSM, update their database every day based on crowdsourcing. In order to fulfil user's requirements for rapid updating, a new methodology that maps major interest areas while preserving associated decoding information, should be developed. &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Until recently, automated processes did not yield satisfactory results, and a typically process included comparing images from different periods. The success rates in identifying the objects were low, and most were accompanied by a high percentage of false alarms. As a result, the automatic process required significant editorial work that made it uneconomical. In the recent years, the development of technologies in mapping, advancement in image processing algorithms and computer vision, together with the development of digital aerial cameras with NIR band and Very High Resolution satellites, allow the implementation of a cost effective automated process. The automatic process is based on high-resolution Digital Surface Model analysis, Multi Spectral (MS) classification, MS segmentation, object analysis and shape forming algorithms. This article reviews the results of a novel change detection methodology as a first step for updating NTDB in the Survey of Israel.