Specific Knowledge Research Articles

Competencies of nurses to participate in safe medication management practices for biologics: A scoping review.

To review the existing literature relating to nurse competence in safe medication management practices for biologics, identify evidence, and develop a competency framework to clarify the role of nurses in these practices. With the widespread use of biological agents in disease treatment, ensuring the safe and economical use of high-cost medicines is particularly important. Even though nurses are essential in patient care, detailed knowledge regarding their competence and role in the safe administration of biologics is lacking. A scoping review was performed following the methodology of Arksey and O'Malley and the PRISMA ScR guidelines. Electronic databases, including PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched using accepted keywords, and relevant articles were identified using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 3,422 studies were retrieved, 24 of which were eligible for inclusion. The required competencies for nurses were summarized into six areas: clinical specialized knowledge, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, safe medication skills, health education skills, communication and coordination skills, and technological literacy. We provide insights into the competencies of nurses involved in the safe medication management of biologics. These competencies can be used to assess the actual competency level of nurses and facilitate the maximization of biological treatment goals and outcomes. This plays a vital role in optimizing the use of healthcare resources and demonstrating outcomes.

Use of innovative methods of teaching the discipline “sports and pedagogical improvement” in the conditions of martial law

The article highlights the issues of the features of using the latest innovative methods in the process of teaching the academic discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" for the professional training of future coaches in martial law conditions. The main tasks and directions for the use of innovative methods and means for the effective assimilation of material from the discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" are determined. It has been established that the use of such innovative methods in full makes it possible to maximally improve the teaching of the academic discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" in martial law conditions. The academic discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" is one of the components of basic education, it is aimed, first of all, at the formation of professional knowledge and skills of future specialists in the field of physical education, improving the theoretical and practical training of students, providing opportunities for the further development of professional knowledge, self- realization in future professional activities. Based on the analysis of the development of the modern higher education system in Ukraine, it has been proven that the use of innovative methods in the field of physical education in general, and the subject "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" in particular, requires activation, the search for new ways of improvement, the creation of new innovative technologies directly in the conditions of martial law. One of the ways to solve this problem is the development and implementation of new innovative teaching methods in classes in the discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement", which would direct the future coach towards acquiring the necessary professional knowledge, skills and abilities that meet the requirements of modern life. Today, more than ever, Ukraine needs young qualified specialists in the field of physical education who not only possess modern knowledge, but also know how to apply them in practice. Therefore, the problem of using innovative methods of teaching the discipline "Sports and Pedagogical Improvement" is relevant in the modern conditions of martial law.

РОЛЬ ВЕТЕРИНАРНО-САНИТАРНОЙ ЭКСПЕРТИЗЫ ПРОМЫСЛОВЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ КРАСНОДАРСКОГО КРАЯ

The paper analyzes the data of the veterinary and sanitary examination of carcasses and internal organs of commercial animals in the Krasnodar Region. Based on data on the epizootological and parasitic situation on the territory of the Krasnodar Region for the period from 2011 to 2017, the number of unfavorable points of wild fauna was about 22 (6.1 %). During this period of time, an examination was made of about 25 carcasses and organs of commercial animals in hunting farms and laboratories of veterinary and sanitary examination. According to the results, 8 cases of ascariasis, wild boar strongylatoses and trichinosis were detected. It should be noted that trichinosis is common in the Krasnodar Region mainly in bears, badgers, foxes and jackals. The danger lies in the fact that even an experienced hunter is at risk of infection with parasitic diseases. In order to avoid this, it is necessary to have special knowledge in the field of parasitology and related sciences. Knowing the morphology, the life cycle of helminths, and the clinical signs that manifest themselves when parasites affect the host organism, it is possible to prevent mass infection of animals and humans using specific diagnostic methods and preventive measures. We recommend organizing sanitary and veterinary measures aimed at deworming wild animals; carry out scientific and educational work among hunters of all age groups, study the invasion of water bodies, soil, which can protect a large contingent of people from severe helminthiasis and its complications.

Thrombopenia and hemolytic anemia in acute and emergency medicine : Detailed view at thrombotic microangiopathies

Recognizing anemia and thrombpenia in acute and emergency medicine is easy. Acute (microangiopathic hemolytic) anemia and thrombopenia can be asign of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). TMA syndromes are potentially life-threatening diseases. Diagnosing aTMA syndrome, causal differentiation and treatment require specialist knowledge that is not always available in acute and emergency medicine. Many differential diagnoses and examinations are usually necessary to make acorrect diagnosis. Therefore, astandardized diagnostic algorithm is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment initiation.

Candiduria in Pediatric Patients: Two Case Reports and a Review of Management Strategies.

Introduction: Urinary infections, while common in intensive care and surgical units, present a unique challenge when fungal pathogens are involved. These fungal urinary infections, known as fungiuria, require a more intricate and prolonged treatment plan involving antifungal medications. This complexity underscores the need for specialized knowledge and skills in managing such cases. This study aims to present two cases of operated pediatric patients who developed urinary fungal infections following Catheterization and simultaneous treatment with two antibiotics. Results: Two pediatric patients, aged 12 and 16, underwent surgical procedures in our clinic. The first patient was treated for gangrenous appendicitis complicated by generalized peritonitis. The second patient was treated for a perforation of the small intestine caused by gangrene in a segment of the bowel, resulting from twisting around intestinal adhesions, also complicated by generalized peritonitis. Both patients, aged 12 and 16, developed urinary symptoms four days after surgery. Microbiological analysis confirmed the presence of fungal infections caused by Candida albicans. However, with the administration of antifungal medications, we were able to successfully eradicate Candida albicans from their urinary tracts, as confirmed by follow-up microbiological cultures after several weeks of therapy. This successful outcome should instill a sense of accomplishment in the audience. Conclusion: Candidiasis, a significant complication in patients undergoing prolonged Catheterization and simultaneous antibiotic therapy, requires vigilant monitoring. The challenging treatment often necessitates long-term administration of antifungal medications for successful eradication. This underscores the importance of vigilance in monitoring fungal infections in catheterized patients and adopting preventive strategies to minimize their occurrence.

Parametric simulation of piezoelectric transducer based on finite element method

Purpose Finite element analysis of underwater transducers typically requires a high level of expertise, and the iterative process of testing various sizes, material parameters and other factors is often inefficient. To address this challenge, this paper aims to introduce underwater transducer parametric simulation (UTPS) software to streamline the design and optimization process. Design/methodology/approach The design methodology integrates the strengths of ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL) for parametric design with the Qt Creator framework for developing a visual interface. C++ is used to encapsulate complex, hard-to-master APDL macros and interact with ANSYS software to execute the relevant APDL macros, performing finite element analysis on the underwater transducer in the background. The results are then processed and displayed on the visual interface. Findings UTPS enables parametric modeling, modal analysis, harmonic response analysis and directivity analysis of underwater transducers. Users only need to input parameters into the software interface to obtain the transducer’s performance, significantly improving work efficiency and lowering the professional threshold. A prototype transducer was fabricated and tested based on UTPS results, which confirmed the accuracy of the software. Originality/value This paper presents an innovative parametric simulation tool for underwater transducers, combining finite element analysis and APDL to simplify and expedite the design process. UTPS reduces the need for specialized knowledge, cutting down on training costs, while its parametric design capabilities accelerate the design process, saving resources.

Revisiting the Advanced Generalist: Adapting to Current Environment of MSW Education

ABSTRACT Advanced generalist practice has been an option for organizing the MSW curriculum for 40 years and has become increasingly popular. It is the second most common specialization for the MSW. Literature on advanced generalist social work has not kept pace with its growth. This conceptual article argues that advanced generalist practice is important for MSW education, but the model requires greater clarity. Advanced generalist social work contains elements of generalist practice, and is flexible enough to extend social work education to specialized knowledge, skills, and abilities. Flexibility in designing curriculum remains, while the core principles provide a consistent structure. Perhaps even the term advanced generalist is dated as graduate programs are now specialized, and enhanced generalist is more appropriate.

Experiences of receiving formal psychological support following lower limb amputation: a qualitative study

Purpose This study sought to explore the experiences of receiving formal psychological support following non-vascular-related lower limb amputation. Materials and Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five individuals (3 males, 2 females, aged 38–56) with lower limb loss. Two had unilateral above knee amputations, one a unilateral below knee amputation, one a unilateral through-knee amputation, and one had bilateral above knee amputations. Four had trauma-related amputations, one had an amputation due to cancer. All had received formal psychological support related to their amputation. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used for the analysis of the data. Results Four themes were developed: (1) The need for psychological intervention—denial and acceptance; (2) “Safe space”—being valued, heard, and validated; (3) The importance of focus, transparency, and specialist knowledge; and (4) The most helpful techniques and approaches. Findings highlighted aspects of psychological support that were helpful and unhelpful. Conclusions The findings provide insights into how psychological support for people with lower limb amputation can be delivered or improved. These include: the importance of psychological support throughout rehabilitation; the benefit of transparency and collaborative goal setting in sessions; and participants’ preference that those providing formal psychological support have limb loss specific knowledge.

Educational pharmacoepidemiology and "Real-World Knowledge"

This article discusses the importance of pharmacoepidemiological studies in assessing the knowledge and preferences of specialists. This section outlines the author’s experience in organizing and conducting such studies, provides a rationale for the term "educational pharmacoepidemiology" (EPE), and presents information about the establishment of the first EPE laboratory. In the context of critical areas of evidence-based medicine, such as "Real-World Data" and "Real-World Evidence", the introduction of a bridging term, "Real-World Knowledge" (RWK), is justified.

You’ve Got Mail! The Late 19th Century U.S. Postal Service Expansion, Firm Creation, and Firm Performance

This paper examines the impact of the expansion of the U.S. Postal Service in the late 19th century on firm creation and performance. Utilizing newly digitized archival data on historic business establishments, post office locations, and road networks in California, our study identifies a positive relationship between the expansion of the Postal Service and the emergence of new firms. To address endogeneity concerns, we leverage an unexpected change in the Postal Service route network. Our findings suggest that the Postal Service played a significant role in facilitating firm entry by acting as a carrier of specialized knowledge rather than as a financial service or mass communication infrastructure. We further reveal that, although increased competition from new entrants generally exerted downward pressure on incumbent firms, those relying on specialized knowledge and public technology inputs significantly benefited from local Postal Service access. Taken together, our study underscores the critical role played by the Postal Service in knowledge diffusion and local economic development by enabling the sourcing of specialized knowledge and technologies from other geographies. Overall, our results contribute to a broader understanding of how communication and knowledge dissemination infrastructure can drive entrepreneurship and firm growth, carrying important implications for contemporary discussions on infrastructure development, its potential to stimulate entrepreneurial activity, innovation, and foster local economic communities. This paper was accepted by Olav Sorenson, organizations. Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge funding from the Harvard Business School Division of Research and Faculty Development. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.03369 .

Ambivalent partnership of the Drosophila posterior class Hox protein Abdominal-B with Extradenticle and Homothorax.

Hox proteins, a sub-group of the homeodomain (HD) transcription factor family, provide positional information for axial patterning in development and evolution. Hox protein functional specificity is reached, at least in part, through interactions with Pbc (Extradenticle (Exd) in Drosophila) and Meis/Prep (Homothorax (Hth) in Drosophila) proteins. Most of our current knowledge of Hox protein specificity stems from the study of anterior and central Hox proteins, identifying the molecular and structural bases for Hox/Pbc/Meis-Prep cooperative action. Posterior Hox class proteins, Abdominal-B (Abd-B) in Drosophila and Hox9-13 in vertebrates, have been comparatively less studied. They strongly diverge from anterior and central class Hox proteins, with a low degree of HD sequence conservation and the absence of a core canonical Pbc interaction motif. Here we explore how Abd-B function interface with that of Exd/Hth using several developmental contexts, studying mutual expression control, functional dependency and intrinsic protein requirements. Results identify cross-regulatory interactions setting relative expression and activity levels required for proper development. They also reveal organ-specific requirement and a binary functional interplay with Exd and Hth, either antagonistic, as previously reported, or synergistic. This highlights context specific use of Exd/Hth, and a similar context specific use of Abd-B intrinsic protein requirements.

Supervising, Coaching, and Preparing Dual Language Bilingual Education Teachers: A Collaborative Autoethnography

Feedback and preservice teachers’ (PSTs’) clinical practice/field experiences are vital for their learning. Understanding influences on field supervisors’ feedback is critical, especially for preparing dual language bilingual education (DLBE) teachers because it requires specialized knowledge—yet systematic guidelines and programs for DLBE teacher preparation are lacking. We conducted a collaborative autoethnography to determine how our identities and experiences with language and DLBE related to our feedback and supervision of DLBE PSTs. We analyzed and discussed the narratives we wrote about our experiences and the feedback we provided while supervising 13 Spanish–English bilingual PSTs in elementary DLBE classrooms. Our identities and experiences, which were influenced by families, education, language histories, geography, and sociopolitical contexts, influenced our feedback. Considering identities and experiences illuminates what is (sometimes unconsciously) prioritized and ignored in feedback. Engaging in deep reflection is important for continued support of supervisors and PSTs.

ESP TEACHER’S ROLE: FROM A TEACHER TO A MASTER OF BUILDING AUTONOMY

The role of the ESP (English for Specific Purposes) teacher has evolved in response to societal and educational shifts. Despite the extensive exploration of teacher roles in general ELT, the evolving nature and specific challenges of the ESP teacher’s responsibilities have remained underexplored. This article aims to bridge this gap by presenting a comprehensive framework of the ESP teacher’s multifaceted roles, emphasizing their significance in contemporary educational contexts. This article explores the changing nature of the ESP teacher’s role, conducting a retrospective analysis based on existing scholarly work, and identifies key aspects of the teacher’s multifaceted responsibilities. Initially, the role of the teacher in general education was often teacher-centered, with the educator seen as the authority and primary decision-maker. Over time, this shifted towards a learner-centered model where the teacher acts as a facilitator, encouraging autonomy and student involvement. The article categorizes these roles into eight key functions: course designer, facilitator, subject-matter researcher, methodology researcher, collaborator, autonomy-builder, evaluator, and project manager. These roles are essential for addressing the specific needs of learners in various professional fields. The research highlights the need for specialized knowledge in both language and the specific discipline being taught, along with a comprehensive understanding of teaching methodologies. The ongoing transformation in the role of the ESP teacher reflects broader changes in the educational landscape, where personalized, context-driven instruction is increasingly prioritized. As ESP education continues to adapt to the demands of a globalized and digital world, teachers must develop new skills, embrace learner autonomy, and foster effective collaboration to remain relevant in the evolving educational environment.

Assessing the Emergency Medicine Specialists' Knowledge Regarding Thrombolytic Therapy in Ischemic Stroke Patients

Background: Stroke is a major health concern worldwide, and timely intervention is crucial for improving outcomes in ischemic stroke patients. Emergency specialists play a critical role in managing these patients, yet gaps in their knowledge of stroke symptoms, risk factors, and thrombolytic therapy can cause delays in treatment, ultimately impacting patient outcomes. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of emergency medicine specialists in Tabriz, Iran, regarding stroke symptoms, risk factors, and therapeutic interventions, with a specific focus on thrombolytic therapy. Methods: A survey study was conducted with 30 emergency medicine specialists from hospitals in Tabriz, using a structured questionnaire for data collection. Participants were selected through simple random sampling. The questionnaire assessed knowledge of common stroke symptoms, risk factors, and management protocols, including the use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). The validity and reliability of the tool were established through expert review and a pilot study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: The study revealed that participants had limited knowledge of stroke symptoms, with most identifying only 4 out of 10 common symptoms. While high blood pressure and heart disease were widely recognized as risk factors (100%), less common factors, such as stress and heredity, were poorly identified. Regarding management, 97% of participants were aware of tPA, but none correctly identified all three treatment strategies (tPA, aspirin, and surgery). Additionally, fewer than 60% of participants prioritized calling emergency medical services (EMS) as the first step in stroke management. Conclusions: The findings underscore significant gaps in emergency specialists' knowledge of stroke symptoms, risk factors, and management strategies, particularly concerning thrombolytic therapy. Targeted educational interventions are essential to enhance emergency medicine specialists' understanding of stroke care and improve patient outcomes.

Semi-supervised learning based on distance measurement and augmentations comparison for SAR image recognition

ABSTRACT In recent years, deep learning has significantly improved the performance of Synthetic Aperture Radar Automatic Target Recognition (SAR-ATR), but the lack of large-scale labelled training data limits the further development of deep neural networks in this field. Traditionally, annotating SAR data requires manual labour by experts with specialized domain knowledge, which is costly and makes it difficult to obtain a large amount of labelled data. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) algorithms can effectively leverage unlabelled data for training, improving model performance. However, improper use of pseudo-labels can lead to error accumulation and result in performance degradation. This paper proposes an SSL algorithm for SAR image recognition that employs the following strategies to mitigate error accumulation and enhance performance: First, by combining pseudo-labelling and consistency-regularization methods, unlabelled data with different augmentations are compared in terms of classification predictions and feature vectors, improving the model representation capacity. Second, a weighted distance metric combining labelled and unlabelled data is designed to estimate model loss, guiding the model towards intra-class aggregation and inter-class dispersion in terms of data distribution. Experiments conducted on the MSTAR and OpenSARShip datasets demonstrate that the algorithm achieves superior performance in limited labelled sample scenarios, with an accuracy of over 99% when only 30 labelled data points (approximately 10%) per class are available, and an accuracy of over 85% with extremely scarce samples (only 5 labelled samples per class) on the MSTAR dataset.

University trauma surgery and orthopedics: where is the journey going to?

In the field of tension between generalists and specialists, in modern university trauma and orthopedic surgery the question arises as to which expertise has the greatest importance for the future of clinical care. University medicine consists of three large pillars: Research, teaching and treatment of patients. Each of these pillars is faced with the challenge of increasing specialization; however, generalists are extremely important for the future of university trauma surgery and orthopedics. Generalists promote interdisciplinary collaboration through their broad training and are versatile in acute care situations. Specialists are characterized by in-depth specialist knowledge and technological expertise in specific areas of surgery. This article analyses the changing requirements in trauma surgical and orthopedic care in the context of innovation, technologization, digitalization and increasing specialization. It also examines how structural reforms, such as the Hospital Structure Act and the new licensing regulations, are influencing the role of generalists and specialists in university training and clinical practice. The article provides adifferentiated view of which specialist skills will be necessary in hospitals in the coming years and discusses whether abalance between generalism and specialization is the solution for high-quality patient-centered care.

CataAnno: An Ancient Catalog Annotator for Annotation Cleaning by Recommendation.

Classical bibliography, by researching preserved catalogs from both official archives and personal collections of accumulated books, examines the books throughout history, thereby revealing cultural development across historical periods. In this work, we collaborate with domain experts to accomplish the task of data annotation concerning Chinese ancient catalogs. We introduce the CataAnno system that facilitates users in completing annotations more efficiently through cross-linked views, recommendation methods and convenient annotation interactions. The recommendation method can learn the background knowledge and annotation patterns that experts subconsciously integrate into the data during prior annotation processes. CataAnno searches for the most relevant examples previously annotated and recommends to the user. Meanwhile, the cross-linked views assist users in comprehending the correlations between entries and offer explanations for these recommendations. Evaluation and expert feedback confirm that the CataAnno system, by offering high-quality recommendations and visualizing the relationships between entries, can mitigate the necessity for specialized knowledge during the annotation process. This results in enhanced accuracy and consistency in annotations, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency.

Evaluating ChatGPT and Google Gemini Performance and Implications in Turkish Dental Education.

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative tool in education, particularly in specialized fields such as dentistry. This study evaluated the performance of four advanced AI models - ChatGPT-4o (San Francisco, CA: OpenAI), ChatGPT-o1, Gemini 1.5 Pro (Mountain View, CA: Google LLC), and Gemini 2.0 Advanced, in the Turkish Dental Specialty Examination (DUS) for 2020 and 2021. A total of 240 questions, comprising 120 questions per year from basic and clinical sciences, were analyzed. AI models were assessed based on their accuracy in providing correct answers compared to the official answer keys. For the 2020 DUS, ChatGPT-o1 and Gemini 2.0 Advanced achieved the highest accuracy rates of 93.70% and 96.80%, respectively, with net scores of 112.50 and 115 out of 120 questions. ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro followed with accuracy rates of 83.33% and 85.40%. For the 2021 DUS, ChatGPT-o1 again demonstrated the highest accuracy at 97.88% (115.50 net score), closely followed by Gemini 2.0 Advanced at 96.82% (114.25 net score). Overall, ChatGPT-4o and Gemini 1.5 Pro scored lower for 2021, achieving accuracy rates of 88.35% and 93.64%, respectively. Combining results from both years (238 total questions), ChatGPT-o1 and Gemini 2.0 Advanced achieved accuracy rates of 97.46% (230 correct answers, 95% CI: 94.62%, 100.00%) and 97.90% (231 correct answers, 95% CI: 94.62%, 100.00%), respectively, significantly outperforming ChatGPT-4o (88.66%, 211 correct answers, 95% CI: 85.43%, 91.89%) and Gemini 1.5 Pro (91.60%, 218 correct answers, 95% CI: 87.75%, 95.45%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences among the models (p = 0.0002). Pairwise comparisons demonstrated that ChatGPT-4o underperformed significantly compared to ChatGPT-o1 (p = 0.0016) and Gemini 2.0 Advanced (p = 0.0007) after Bonferroni correction. The consistently high accuracy rates and narrow confidence intervals for the top-performing models underscore their superior reliability and performance in answering the DUS questions. Generative AI modules such as ChatGPT-01 and Gemini 2.0 have the potential to enhance dental board exam preparation through question evaluation. While the AI modules appear to outperform humans on DUS questions, the study raises a concern about the ethical uses of AI and the true justification and value of DUS examinations as dental competency examinations. A higher level of knowledge evaluation should be considered. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on AI applications in specialized knowledge domains and provides a foundation for further exploration of its integration into dental education.

공학계열 대학생이 인식한 글로벌역량의 의미

This study explores the meaning of global competence as perceived by engineering students with overseas training experience and offers practical insights for designing educational programs to enhance this competence. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 engineering students from six universities in South Korea, and the responses were analyzed through content analysis. The study identified six major themes, which were categorized into knowledge, skills, and attitudes; (K) “understanding international issues and industrial trends” and “specialized knowledge through integrative thinking”; (S) “foreign language communication” and “collaborative problem-solving”; (A) “respect and embrace cultural diversity” and “curiosity and a spirit of challenge” Based on these findings, we suggested the importance of developing customized global competence programs that reflect the characteristics of engineering students and provided practical learning opportunities that incorporate students' experiences. The results provided both theoretical and practical implications for enhancing the global competencies of engineering students, and suggest the need for further research across various academic disciplines and international contexts.

우리나라 수학 교사 연구에 관한 주제범위 고찰: 전문직성 관점을 중심으로

This study is a scoping review that examines 293 research papers on mathematics teachers in South Korea published from January 2000 to July 2024 viewed through the lens of professionalism. Professionalism is a theoretical perspective that comprehensively explains the characteristics of professions called professionals not only in terms of specialized knowledge and skills but also within socio-cultural and institutional contexts. According to an analysis of previous studies, professionalism is broadly classified into professional, institutional, and connective approaches, depending on whether the contexts influencing its formation are situated within or outside the teaching profession. Based on this framework, this study identified the perspectives on professionalism expressed in each paper, examining variables such as research background, teacher-related topics, school levels, etc. Additionally, Multiple Correspondence Analysis was conducted to derive characteristics of the literature on mathematics teachers in South Korea. The findings indicate that literature with a professional approach was the most prevalent across all school levels (elementary, middle, and high), with elementary-level studies especially displaying a variety of teacher-related topics. Institutional approach studies saw a peak in the 2010s, while in the 2020s, studies with a connective approach became more common. However, institutional approach increasingly appeared in combination with other approaches, particularly regarding research on teachers related to the revised curriculum. High school-level studies notably account for a relatively large proportion within this mixed approach. Based on these findings, insights were gained regarding the implications of the South Korean curriculum in terms of teacher autonomy and professionalism within a policy context, as well as suggestions for the direction of teacher professionalism support at the institutional level.