Children with intellectual disabilities constitute a vulnerable demographic that has garnered widespread attention, making their guidance and education pivotal for the progress and evolution of the education sector. As the concept of quality education deepens, there is an escalating emphasis on addressing the needs of children with intellectual disabilities. However, traditional mainstream education falls short of catering to the psychological requirements of this group. The mere application of specialized educational methods can easily evoke feelings of inferiority and exclusion among children with intellectual disabilities. To effectively tackle this issue, the concept of inclusive education has emerged. This educational approach places a heightened focus on the individual life value and human rights of special children, aiming to resolve the educational challenges faced by this group through a diverse educational philosophy. This article conducts a comprehensive analysis of the essence of inclusive education and delves into its practical application in the education of children with intellectual disabilities. The objective is to offer valuable insights for continually enhancing the effectiveness of teaching for special children.