Child Development Specialists Research Articles

Experiences of caregivers of adolescent children with intellectual disabilities in menstrual hygiene management: obstacles and needs

The menstrual period of adolescents with intellectual disabilities is a complex phenomenon as they are a vulnerable group. During this period, both the adolescent and the caregiver are exposed to a lot of discrimination and face emotional, psychological, and socio-economic problems. The study is conducted to determine the experiences of caregivers of adolescent children with intellectual disabilities in menstrual hygiene management. The study is a qualitative research conducted between October 2022 and January 2023. The study sample consisted of 17 caregivers (mothers) of adolescent children with intellectual disabilities living in different provinces of Turkey who were selected through snowball sampling. Data were collected using the “Participant Information Form” and “Semi-structured Interview Form”. Collaizzi’s phenomenological analysis was used to analyze the data. This study was conducted in accordance with the COREQ Statement Checklist. As a result of the research, five themes were identified: (1) Expected day, (2) Inevitable end, (3) Problems experienced, (4) Communication with caregiver, (5) Search for solutions. It is recommended that health professionals (nurses, child development specialists, etc.) provide training and counseling to caregivers on the best approaches to implement good menstrual hygiene for adolescents with intellectual disabilities.

The Impact of Parent-Based Support Programs on Neurodevelopmental Prognosis: Second-Year Results from a Newly Established Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Unit in a Tertiary Hospital.

This study aims to assess the neurodevelopmental progress of high-risk infants 2 years post implementation of the Neurodevelopmental Follow-Up Unit (NFU) program at our hospital and explore implementation challenges for insights. Infants were assessed using the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE), The Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS), and Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID-III). A multidisciplinary team provided comprehensive parent education covering neurologic cues, postural advice, and developmental instructions in accordance with the children's assessment findings. In addition, a pediatric physical therapist provided motor development training emphasizing age-appropriate milestones and functional independence, while child development specialists addressed delays identified through BSID-III assessments. A total of 121 high-risk babies were enrolled during a 2-year period. Results revealed that 9 infants exhibited suboptimal HINE scores at 3-4 months, with only 2 maintaining suboptimal scores at 12-15 months. Similarly, 2 infants with suboptimal AIMS scores at 3-4 months reached normal values at 12-15 months. Comparable improvements were observed in BSID-III scores. While no correlation between HINE and AIMS scores was found at the 3-4-month mark, a significant correlation emerged between AIMS and HINE scores at 6-9 months (r = 0.643, P < .001) and 12-15 months (r = 0.820, P < .001). Encouraging early family education alongside regular monitoring of high-risk newborns appears to have a positive impact on their motor and cognitive development. Consideration of clinical recommendations, such as tailored interventions and periodic assessments, may contribute to optimizing developmental outcomes.

Occupational therapy's role in promoting the "Learn the Signs. Act Early." developmental monitoring program to public health employees.

Occupational therapists can play a key role in early identification of delay at the population health level by providing education to public health employees on how to implement developmental monitoring with caregivers of children birth to age 5. A pretest posttest design was utilized to assess the online education and training that was provided to Department of Public Health employees (N = 339), including Head Start, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children, Home Visiting, and Early Intervention. Analysis of pretest-posttest survey data showed significant results for all 12 key learning outcomes. Six out of 12 outcomes were found to have a large effect size (d > 0.8), 4 outcomes indicated a medium effect size (d > 0.5), and 2 outcomes had a small effect size (d > 0.2). Participants gained knowledge of the "Learn the Signs. Act Early." (LTSAE) developmental monitoring program, the difference between developmental monitoring and screening, the state's referral system and age-appropriate parental engagement activities through knowledge of child development. Occupational therapists are child development specialists who can provide education on developmental monitoring and activities for parental engagement. The online course proved to be an effective platform to promote LTSAE within state agencies.

"God gave you a special child because you are special": difficulties, coping strategies, and parental burnout of Jewish mothers - a qualitative study.

"Parental Burnout" is a specific syndrome resulting from an imbalance between continuous exposure to chronic parenting stress and available protective resources. Mothers of children with special needs have an increased risk of Parental Burnout due to dealing with various difficulties from carrying out long-term childcare. To examine difficulties, coping strategies, and PB (risk factors and protective resources), among ultra-Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish mothers of children with special needs with high or low levels of Parental Burnout. A qualitative study. Twelve mothers of children with special needs identified with high or low Parental Burnout via a quantitative study were interviewed. The constant-comparative analysis method was used to analyze the findings. Three themes and twelve categories emerged: 1. Difficulties involved in motherhood with six categories: (a) caregiver burden, (b) task overload, (c) physical and mental self-neglect, (d) environmental, couple-hood, family and social neglect, (e) recognizing the gap between their child with special needs and other children of the same age, (f) the environment's contradictory expectations from the mother; 2. Coping strategies with four categories: (a) practical, (b) spiritual, (c) social and (d) emotional; and 3. Parental Burnout, consequences and coping with two categories: (a) personal and environmental risk factors (e.g., fear of the future, difficulty in trusting others in taking care of their child), and (b) personal and environmental protective resources (e.g., sharing similar circumstances with other mothers, a belief in God). The findings contribute to understanding the unique difficulties, coping strategies and differences in risk factors and protective resources of Parental Burnout among ultra-Orthodox and non-Orthodox Jewish mothers of children with special needs. In order to alleviate the difficulties experienced by mothers and thus also reduce Parental Burnout risk factors and provide effective protective resources, it is recommended to develop empirically based professional guidance for policymakers, child development specialists, nurses, physiotherapists, and informal caregivers.

방송통신심의위원회 회의록 내용분석 -5기 방송심의소위원회 아동·청소년 관련 심의를 중심으로-

The purpose of this research is to analyze the content of deliberation items concerning children·youth in the meeting minutes of the Subcommittee on Broadcast Deliberation in the Korea Communications Standards Commission. Through this analysis, we aim to identify the deliberation status, characteristics, and areas for improvement related to children·youth. From August 13, 2021, to December 20, 2022, the 5th Korea Communications Standards Commission's Subcommittee on Broadcast Deliberation conducted regular meetings and collected a total of 69 sets of meeting minutes. Among these, 84 deliberation items were subjected to final analysis from a total of 37 sets of meeting minutes. The analysis results are as follows: First, harmful factors to children·youth are keenly identified through viewer complaints. Second, programs with relatively less standardized features are more likely to have a pronounced negative impact on children·youth. Third, it was necessary to specify the deliberation regulations reflecting the protection perspective of children·youth. Fourth, it was found that there is a discernible need for broadcasting production guidelines geared towards the protection of children·youth from content encompassing hate speech, violence, as well as depictions of alcohol and tobacco consumption. Fifth, in order for the deliberation to take into account the developmental characteristics of children·youth, the child development specialist's participation in the deliberation process, the introduction of a participation system for general viewers, and establishment of a cooperative deliberation system with institutions related to children·youth were suggested.

IMPLEMENTASI APLIKASI SISTEM PAKAR MENGGUNAKAN METODE FORWARD CHAINING

The Expert System is a solution that helps parents diagnose possible hyperactivity in their children from an early age. This expert system is designed for several stages including system requirements analysis, design, coding and testing. This expert system is represented in the form of rules and its reasoning method is forward chaining, namely H. concludes hyperactivity from several symptoms. The result of the system is a kind of hyperactivity from diagnosis and solution to diagnosis. In operation, this system has two user rights, namely expert users and ordinary users. Experts in this system are child development experts. This system can process disease information, symptoms and context. The result of this system is the result of a diagnosis of hyperactivity based on the presence of symptoms.&#x0D; Hyperactivity Disorder is a pattern of behavior in someone who doesn't want to relax. Hyperactive children are children with attention deficit disorder. Hyperactivity or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) or also known as Hyperkinetic Disorder. Hyperactivity is a combination of attention problems, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior. The diagnosis of hyperactivity is usually made by a doctor or child development specialist. In fact, parents can also diagnose early the possibility of hyperactivity in children by observing their child's behavior in everyday life, especially through the way they communicate and interact socially. with peers and children's imagination.

Military HealthySteps Pilot Program Outcome Study.

Military families face many unique challenges, including frequent separations, demanding work hours, and relocations. The HealthySteps (HS) program may offset these challenges utilizing the expertise of a nonclinical child development specialist called a HS specialist who offers enhanced well-child visits (WCVs), support between visits, and connections to community resources. Our study sought to identify the impact of the military HS pilot program on the timeliness of WCVs, immunizations, routine behavioral and developmental screenings, and referrals to community resources within the first 15 months of life (MOL). We retrospectively reviewed charts of 26 HS-enrolled and 26 randomly selected age-matched non-HS-enrolled children from age 2 to 15 MOL. Demographic variables obtained include child's gender, child's birth order, mother's age, active duty parent's rank classification, and active duty parent's gender. We examined five outcomes measures aligning with the American Academy of Pediatrics health supervision, immunization, and screening recommendations and National Committee for Quality Assurance Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set measures: (1) completed six or more WCVs in the first 15 MOL, (2) completed developmental screening at the 9-month WCV, (3) up to date on vaccinations at 15 MOL, (4) completed three or more postpartum depression (PPD) screens in the first 6 MOL, and (5) the total number of documented referrals to community resources within the first 15 MOL. Chi-square analysis and independent t-tests were used to compare the groups. There was no statistical significance (P > .05) between the HS-enrolled and control groups for all five demographic variables. A significantly higher percentage of children in the HS-enrolled group received PPD screening compared to the control group (96% vs. 73.1%, P = .021). The HS-enrolled group had a higher mean number of community resource referrals at 15 MOL of 2.46 (SD = 1.14) vs. the control group with a mean of 0.19 (SD = 0.49). None of the other outcomes showed a statistically significant difference between groups. The results of this study indicate the positive impacts of the military HS program on referrals to community resources and PPD screening, reflecting the HS specialist focus on the family unit. Limitations of this study include the small population size and limited demographic information resulting from the retrospective nature of the study and pilot status of the HS program. Larger prospective studies are needed to clarify the true impact of the HS program in the military health system.

A Study Developing Character Strengths in Managing Anxiety Levels of Individuals in Emerging Adulthood

Character strengths not only increase the well-being of individuals, but also help them to overcome their negative life experiences in a better way. This study aims to increase five-character strengths and at the same time manage anxiety levels of individuals by 13 sessions of a strength-based group psychological counseling program formed by the researchers. 18-21 20 individuals aged between 18 and 21 (60% female, 40% male) from various departments participated in the experimental and control group. Data showed a statistically significant decrease in anxiety levels and an increase in the character strengths of zest for life and hope in the experimental group. Using character strengths as a tool may open a novel way for literature and members of different professions by interdisciplinarity to deal with anxiety. Developmental psychologists, psychological counselors, family counselors, members of the profession who work in parenting education, child development specialists, preschool teachers, and school principals may play vital roles in preventing high anxiety levels at an early life phase. Moreover, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists and psychological counselor specialists may help individuals to maintain their well-being and manage their anxiety in an encouraging atmosphere. In this way, psychologically healthier individuals may constitute healthier societies in the long term.

QUALITY OF LIFE OF CHILDREN WITH CANCER ACCORDING TO MOTHERS: A QUALITATIVE STUDY

Hastanede yatan iki-yedi yaş arasındaki kanserli çocukların yaşam kalitelerinin anne görüşlerine göre incelenmesini amaçlayan araştırma, nitel boyutta olgubilim (fenomenoloji) desendedir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, Ankara’da bulunan iki üniversite hastanesinin onkoloji servisinde yatan, kanser tanısını en az altı ay önce almış, majör fizik ve motor gelişim bozukluğu olmayan 10 çocuğun annesinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri “Genel Bilgi Formu” ve “Anne Görüşme Formu” ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Annelerin çoğunluğu kanser hastası olan çocuklarının; fiziksel sorunlar yaşadığını, tanı ve tedavi sürecinde olumsuz duygu değişimleri yaşadığını belirtmiştir. Anneler, çocuklarının sosyal, duygusal, dil ve kaba motor gelişimlerinin olumsuz etkilendiğini, fiziksel sorunlarının olduğunu, iletişim sorunları yaşadıklarını, oyun yaşantılarının değiştiğini ve yaşam kalitelerinin hastalıktan etkilendiğini belirtmişlerdir. Ayrıca, çocuklarının tanı ve tedavi sürecinde çocuk gelişimci ile karşılaştıklarını, hizmet aldıklarını ve aldıkları çocuk gelişimi hizmetlerinden memnun olduklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ortaya çıkan temalar doğrultusunda, kanserli çocukların yaşamış olduğu fiziksel sorunlar, duygu değişimleri, gelişimleri, fiziksel sorunları, iletişim sorunları, oyun yaşantıları, yaşam kaliteleri ve çocuk gelişimcilerle karşılaşma durumları ile ilgili sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır.

Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Merkezlerinde Çocuk Gelişimci Olmak

Bu araştırmada özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde çalışan çocuk gelişimcilerin çalışma biçimleri, çalışma koşulları ve yaşadıkları sorunların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından fenomenolojik desende yürütülen araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmaya gönüllü olarak dahil olmayı kabul eden 20 çocuk gelişimciye ulaşılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılarak toplanmış ve betimsel analiz yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre çocuk gelişimciler, özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon merkezlerinde görev tanımlarına uygun olarak çalışamamaktadır. Yoğun çalışma süreleri, düşük maaş, meslek yasası, meslek tanımı ve özlük hakları açısından sorunlar yaşamaktadır. Bununla birlikte çocuk ve aile merkezli çalışmalar yaparak bütüncül bakış açısıyla ekibin önemli bir parçasını oluşturdukları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.

Communicating with children about ‘everyday’ pain and injury: A Delphi study

Background‘Everyday’ pain experiences are potentially critical in shaping our beliefs and behaviours around injury and pain. Influenced by social, cultural and environmental contexts, they form the foundation of one's understanding of pain and injury that is taken into adulthood. How to best communicate to young children about their everyday pain experiences, in order to foster adaptive beliefs and behaviours, is unknown.MethodsIn this Delphi survey, we sought expert opinion on the key messages and strategies that parents/caregivers can consider when communicating with young children (aged 2–7 years) about ‘everyday’ pain that is most likely to promote recovery, resilience and adaptive pain behaviours. Eighteen experts participated including specialists in paediatric pain, trauma, child development and psychology; educators and parents. The survey included three rounds.ResultsResponse rate was over 88%. Two hundred fifty‐three items were raised; 187 reached ‘consensus’ (≥80% agreement amongst experts). Key messages that the experts agreed to be ‘very important’ were aligned with current evidence‐based understandings of pain and injury. Strategies to communicate messages included parent/caregiver role modelling, responses to child pain and discussion during and/or after a painful experience. Other key themes included promoting emotional development, empowering children to use active coping strategies and resilience building.ConclusionsThis diverse set of childhood, pain and parenting experts reached consensus on 187 items, yielding 12 key themes to consider when using everyday pain experiences to promote adaptive pain beliefs and behaviours in young children.SignificanceParents and caregivers likely play a critical role in the development of children's fundamental beliefs and behaviours surrounding pain and injury that are carried into adulthood. Everyday pain experiences provide key opportunities to promote positive pain‐related beliefs and behaviours. This Delphi survey identified key messages and strategies that caregivers can consider to optimize learning, encourage the development of adaptive pain behaviours and build resilience for future pain experiences.

The involvement of community pediatricians in the treatment of developmental-behavioral difficulties as perceived by directors of child development centers

BackgroundDevelopmental-behavioral issues are among the most frequent and disabling conditions of children and adolescents seen in ambulatory settings. Guidelines of the Israeli Pediatric Association and the Israeli Society for Developmental Pediatrics specify the role of the primary-care pediatrician in screening and early identification of mild developmental behavioral conditions and define the criteria for referral to child development institutes. The aims of this study were to examine and describe how directors of these institutes perceive the role and involvement of community pediatricians in child development.MethodsQualitative interviews of the directors of 22 child development institutes from the ministry of health and the four health plans.ResultsAccording to the interviewees, there is little involvement of community pediatricians in detecting developmental delays, and it is mainly nurses and preschool teachers who detect such delays. They report that the key barriers that deter community pediatricians from greater involvement in child development diagnosis and treatment are lack of time, lack of compensation, and insufficient clinical knowledge. The interviewees would like to see community pediatricians conducting the primary medical evaluation, providing parental guidance, referring to therapists in mild cases, exercising discretion before referring children to child development institutes and providing relevant information to the institutes in the referral process. The mechanisms that they proposed for increasing the involvement of community pediatricians were expansion of pediatricians’ training, increased pediatricians’ use of teleconsultation with child development specialists and incentives for thorough performance of developmental assessments.ConclusionsDue to the importance of the Issue, we strongly recommend that policymakers require child development principles, evaluation, and providing appropriate parental guidance in the curriculum of the Israeli pediatric residency program. In addition, health plans should compensate pediatricians who need to conduct longer visits for children with developmental delays. The health plans should also develop teleconsultation channels for pediatricians with child development specialists to reduce unnecessary referrals to child development institutes.

Diagnosis despite clinical ambiguity: physicians\u2019 perspectives on the rise in Autism Spectrum disorder incidence

BackgroundTo provide insight on physicians’ perspectives concerning recent changes in the incidence and diagnostic process of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) compared to other mental and neurodevelopmental disorders.MethodA questionnaire was sent to 191 specialists in child neurology and child development, and 200 child psychiatrists in Israel. Information was collected on professional background, as well as on physicians’ opinions concerning the accuracy and rate of ASD diagnosis compared to that of cerebral palsy (CP), mental illness, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). For each closed-ended question, a global chi-square test for categorical variables was performed.Results115 (60.2%) of specialists in child neurology and development, and 59 (29.5%) of child psychiatrists responded. Most physicians (67.2%) indicated that there was a moderate/significant increase in the incidence of ASD, which was higher than similar responses provided for CP (2.9%, p < 0.01) and mental illnesses (14.4%, p < 0.01), and similar to responses provided for ADHD (70.1%, p = 0.56). 52.8% of physicians believed that in more than 10% of clinical assessments, an ASD diagnosis was given despite an inconclusive evaluation (CP: 8.6%, p < 0.01; mental illnesses: 25.8%, p = 0.03; ADHD: 68.4%, p = 0.03).ConclusionThe clinicians perceive both ASD and ADHD as over-diagnosed disorders. The shared symptomology between ASD and other disorders, coupled with heightened awareness and public de-stigmatization of ASD and with the availability of ASD-specific services that are not accessible to children diagnosed with other conditions, might lead clinicians to over-diagnose ASD. It is advisable to adopt an approach in which eligibility for treatments is conditional on function, rather than solely on a diagnosis. The medical community should strive for accurate diagnoses and a continuous review of diagnostic criteria.

Neurodevelopmental outcome of children born with an isolated atretic cephalocele.

The existing data on the neurodevelopmental outcome of children born with an isolated atretic cephalocele (IAC) are scant. We aimed to expand upon these data by describing our experience with affected children, as well as assist parents and clinicians in deciding how to proceed when an IAC is diagnosed prenatally. A follow-up study was conducted on nine children who were born with an IAC. Evaluations were performed by pediatric neurologists and child development specialists. Developmental outcomes were based on a global development evaluation that assessed gross and fine motor skills, receptive and expressive language levels, activities of daily living, communication skills, and social domains. Adaptive skills were estimated by the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Second Edition. None of the nine children (median age 4years and 6months) had abnormal findings on neurological examination. Six children had age-appropriate developmental milestones, two had a mild motor delay, and one had mild expressive language delay (catchup was achieved by all of the latter three by ~ 3.5years of age). The mean general adaptive composite score was 105 ± 11.7 (normal = 100). None of the children had behavioral, social, or communication problems. Children diagnosed with an IAC with/without a falcine sinus and devoid of coexisting intracranial abnormalities seem to have a normal neurodevelopmental outcome. Continuation of pregnancy may be recommended when an IAC is detected prenatally, and reassurance if detected postnatally.

A validation study of the LABIRINTO scale for the evaluation of autism spectrum disorder in children aged 2 to 4 years

Objective To find evidence of the content, construct, and criterion validity of the LABIRINTO scale for the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children aged 24-59 months.Methods The scale was constructed in four stages: 1) items were defined based on an extensive literature review and discussions with autism and child development specialists; 2) child development specialists evaluated each item; 3) a preliminary version of the scale was applied to children diagnosed with ASD to enable any necessary adjustments; 4) the scale was then applied to 27 children with typical development and no neurodevelopmental disorder and 48 children with ASD. According to the 5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), clinical diagnosis constitutes the gold standard.Results The scale’s psychometric indexes were appropriate for construct validity, with Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin = 0.94 and root mean square error of approximation = 0.000. Only one factor on the scale had a Cronbach alpha of 0.97. The receiver operating characteristic curve indicated a cutoff of 12, with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 100% for distinguishing children with ASD from those with typical development.Conclusion This study confirmed the validity of the LABIRINTO scale.

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Aim: In early childhood play; is an important activity in terms of mental and physical development. Another factor that is as crucial as the activity’s itself is the playgrounds. In this context the study, examines the artificial environment created in the sense of atmosphere and fittings by addressing uniformization in indoor playgrounds. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the space-fittings relationship in the context of light, color, texture and material in indoor playgrounds designed for children. Therefore, the effects of these spaces on child development and perception will be evaluated. Method: The field of inquiry has been determined as indoor playgrounds in Cepa-Kentpark-Armada-Next Level-Panora and Gordion shopping centers in Ankara. A questionnaire was applied to academician interior designers and child development specialists working at the universities in Ankara. Statistical data analysis was made using the SPSS Program. Results: A total of 64 designers and child development experts were surveyed within the scope of the research. The importance of color, light, texture and material only on gender in the context of space-child relationship at the point of perception and experiencing the space Color- 2.56 (1.36), Texture- 2.39 (1.39), Material- 2.64 (1,32) and Lighting- 2.19 (1.29). For experts from two different disciplines, creativity- 4.93 (0.26) and security- 4.88 (0.43) are the leading criteria when evaluated in terms of child-space. Conclusion: In this study, it is seen that expert opinions from two different disciplines make similar evaluations in the design of indoor playgrounds.

Exploration in the Presence of Mother in Typically and Non-typically Developing Pre-walking Human Infants.

In previous phenotyping studies of mouse and rat exploratory behavior we developed a computational exploratory data analysis methodology including videotaping, tracking, preparatory methods for customized data analysis, a methodology for improving the replicability of results across laboratories, and algorithmic design for exposing the natural reference places (origins) used by animals during exploration. We then measured the animals’ paths in reference to these origins, revealing robust, highly replicable modules termed excursions, which are performed from the origin into the environment and back to the origin. Origin-related exploration has been claimed to be phylogenetically conserved across the vertebrates. In the current study we use the same methodology to examine whether origin-related exploration has also been conserved in human pre-walking typically developing (TD) and a group of non-typically developing (NTD) infants in the presence of their stationary mother. The NTDs had been referred to a center for the early treatment of autism in infancy by pediatric neurologists and clinicians. The TDs established a reference place (origin) at mother’s place and exhibited a modular partitioning of their path into excursions performed in reference to mother, visiting her often, and reaching closely. In contrast, the NTDs did not establish a distinct origin at the mother’s place, or any other place, and did not partition the exploratory path into excursions. Once this difference is validated, the differences between the human infant groups may serve as an early referral tool for child development specialists. The absence of distinct modularity in human infants at risk of autism spectrum disorder can guide the search for animal models for this disorder in translational research.

Çocuk gelişimci ve farklı branşlardaki öğretmen adaylarının yaratıcılık algılarının farklı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi

This study aims to investigate how pre-service teachers from different majors and pre-service child development specialists understand their creativity perceptions and how these perceptions could differ based on a variety of variables. There were 316 participants selected by using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected by using a demographic questionnaire and the Kaufman Domains of Creativity Scale (K-DOCS). Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis, and Spearman correlation were used to analyze the data. The findings revealed significant relationships between creativity domains and gender, previously taken creativity course, major, teachers’ attitudes towards creativity, and strategy knowledge. However, there was no significant difference between creative domains and the most creative age teachers think, class standings, and teachers’ attitudes to negative behaviors. This study indicated the importance of the majors and their curriculum. It is crucial to take steps beforehand about including creativity to the curriculum to achieve skills needed in 21 st Century.

Turizm Çalışanlarının Çocuk Dostu Olmayan Davranışları

Being a child-friendly tourism enterprise has two pillars. While the first includes physical equipment and service facilities for children, the second refers to behavioral factors that support children’ development and a happy holiday experience. Despite the timeliness and importance of the subject, there are very few studies especially on the behavioral aspects in the literature. The aim of the study is to reveal the non-child friendly behaviors of the tourism employees. In this descriptive study, secondary data were used. The first 234 of the comments made in response to a child development specialist’s question in the social media account were subjected to content analysis and a total of 42 codes were created. The codes were grouped under four themes: “safety and health”, “language used”, “acceptance and respect of the child's individuality” and “unfair and sloppy service”. Based on the findings, suggestions were given to tourism businesses that provide services to families with children on issues that should be considered in personnel recruitment and training.

Parents' knowledge about complementary feeding: an integrative review

Abstract Currently, authorities and specialists in child development and public health have been concerned with the growth and nutritional status of children, especially due to the uncontrollable increase in overweight / obesity that has occurred in recent years. Obesity causes organic-functional complications, such as chronic-degenerative diseases (diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease), and psychosocial complications, such as withdrawal from social relationships, shame, exclusion and disturbances in body awareness. The objective was to identify in the literature the parents' knowledge about complementary feeding for infants. Integrative literature review based on the guidelines recommended by PRISMA. The search was carried out between the months of May and June 2017 by two researchers independently in the Scopus, PubMed, Scielo, LILACS and CINAHL databases. The following descriptors were used: “infant”, “complementary feeding”, “parents” and “knowledge” and “infant”, “complementary feeding”, “relatives” and “knowledge” in the DECs and MESH respectively. 1,012 studies were identified and a sample of 06 articles was obtained after applying the eligibility criteria. The knowledge evidenced was: use of appropriate utensils for feeding the child, not using cow's milk, caution with processed foods, issues related to breastfeeding and age of introduction of food and other liquids. Even so, there were still mistakes by parents regarding the recommendations of the main bodies dealing with food, such as the use of processed foods from the fourth month of life of the child and the relationship of the “fat” baby being the health model. It was concluded that the knowledge of parents / caregivers about complementary feeding is still permeated by mistakes. Thus, the nursing consultation should focus on health education and search for strategies that facilitate the process of introducing complementary feeding and help parents in this period. Key messages Targeting health strategies on complementary feeding in a timely manner. Guidance for the prevention of obesity in early childhood and the development of non-infectious diseases.