Architecture Specialists Research Articles

Prioritizing environmental components affecting children's health in residential complexes (comparing the views of child specialists in architecture and psychology with parents and educators of children)

Prioritizing environmental components affecting children's health in residential complexes (comparing the views of child specialists in architecture and psychology with parents and educators of children)

PRIORITY DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ARCHITECTURE IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE 21ST CENTURY

The article offers an in-depth analysis of the key directions in the development of regional architecture in Kazakhstan in the 21st century. Modern architecture evolves under various factors, including environmental conditions, technological advancements, socio-economic realities, and cultural-historical contexts. The late 20th and early 21st centuries have also brought global challenges such as globalisation, environmental crises, technological and anthropogenic disasters, and military conflicts. This research, with its comprehensive approach, plays a crucial role in identifying the factors influencing contemporary architecture in Kazakhstan and determining the future directions for its development. The methodology included comparative analysis, systematisation of information from literary sources, project modelling, and surveys, ensuring the robustness and reliability of the findings. The primary data sources were the works of leading architecture specialists, complemented by an analysis of governmental policy documents, which provided insights into the main state policy directions in architecture. The study identified several critical directions in the development of architecture in Kazakhstan: sustainable development and “green” architecture, the digitalisation of the architectural and construction sector, the adaptive reuse and repurposing of existing buildings, participatory design, and the strengthening of architectural identity, which is crucial in the context of growing globalism. The findings of this research can serve as a foundation for developing new theoretical concepts in regional architecture and can be integrated into architectural educational programmes. These results will also benefit projects related to preserving and restoring architectural monuments, conserving cultural heritage, and adapting it to contemporary needs, enhancing both these objects’ functional appeal and economic value.

RESEARCH OF THE RECREATIONAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE CITY AND SUBURBAN AREA – CONCEPTUAL APPROACHES

With the development of large cities, stable and dynamic development of recreational areas becomes relevant both directly in cities and in suburban areas for short-term stay of urban residents. The problems of organizing recreation in the city and suburban area were dealt with by specialists in architecture and urban planning, specialists in recreational geography and researchers noted that recreational activities are clearly differentiated geographically and are directly related to the natural properties of the territory. The methodological problem of such developments is their predominant orientation to commercial forms of recreational activities, in particular to tourism and to mass organized recreation, which has its own management and marketing. Other types of recreational activities – mass unorganized recreation and domestic forms of recreation and leisure – are practically considered in this context, experience not considered in this context, experience has shown that recreation is actually a complex phenomenon. A typical problem has become an intersectoral one, which requires the joint work of many specialists. The aim of the study is to deepen the concept of the recreational environment of the city and suburban area. Currently, the «city-suburban zone» system is considered as a single whole with its own connections, interdependencies and interactions, with its own principles of integrated and synergistic development. One of the main functions of the suburban area is recreation and recreation of the city’s population. There is a practical need to consider the recreational resources of the city and suburban area together and term this combination as the «recreational environment of the city». The recreational environment of the city and suburban area is considered as a multicomponent system that combines components – natural, historical and cultural, social, economic, manmade, environmental, legal, managerial, information environments. The recreational environment, formalized as a result of the overlap and interaction of the original environmental environments – natural, historical, cultural, and social, technogenic, economic, ecological is a set of resource components united by a common social function-ensuring the recreational needs of the population.

Roma 1980: barroco local en contexto global

The Simposio Internazionale Sul Barroco Latinoamericano organized in Rome by the Italo-Latin American Institute in 1980 allows to confront the art and architecture specialists of Latin America and Europe who had built a debate that exceeded the taxonomies of the artistic styles, to install the discussion about Latin American cultural identity through its artistic expressions. Where the mestizo condition will be an autonomous expression of local cultural production in the context of the first formal global discourse in the history of Western art as was the Baroque. The participation of authors from all over America and Europe in an unprecedented dialogue of great diversity, turned this event into an inflection for the knowledge of the historiography of Latin American art in Italy, promoting its discussion and dissemination with an impact that was projected to the present.

FEATURES OF ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF UNIVERSITY CAMPUSES OF KYIV

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation of university campuses using the cases of higher education institutions in Kyiv. The architectural and planning organization of the National Aviation University is analyzed, and detailed examples of the use of its territory and the formation of a student campus are given. The origin of the campus of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture was considered, and the characteristic functional and planning features inherent in the higher education institution were specified, taking into account the concept of the KNUBA development. The peculiarities of the campus arrangement for the training of specialists in architecture and construction were studied. Recommendations for designing the university territory were elu cidated. Features of NAU HAB (informal education space) at NAU, which lays the groundwork for learning, hackathons and recreation, are described in detail. The hub’s priority growth areas are education and science. The functional features of NZEB HUB (Scientific and educational center for design and research of buildings with close to zero energy consumption of KNUBA) in KNUBA, where training courses and certification of specialists in the construction industry are held, are indicate d. Researchers and scientists consider the university campus as a landscape environment, an architectural solution, and an architectural environment.

ЧИННИКИ РУЙНАЦІЇ ФОРТЕЦЬ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ

ЧИННИКИ РУЙНАЦІЇ ФОРТЕЦЬ ПІВДНЯ УКРАЇНИ

MODERNIZATION OF HIGHER ARCHITECTURAL AND ART EDUCATION: PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS FOR TRAINING SPECIALISTS

The article is devoted to the problems of professional training of students by means of the fine arts in the process of modernization of higher architectural and art education in Ukraine. Academic artistic training of future specialists in the field of architecture and art is a necessary effective basis on which their professional potential can be formed and developed. Artistic literacy and skill are the main conditions for achieving a high professional artistic level and successful creative activity. The training of future specialists is considered as a continuous interconnected and interdependent process, the learning outcomes are analyzed. The results should constantly improve, which will indicate the high quality of education. Taking into account all factors will ensure the possibility of successful work of specialists not only in the national space of architecture and art, but also meet the requirements of modernity and world-class quality. It is proved that the main vector of the process of modernization of higher education in Ukraine should be aimed at finding mechanisms for adaptation and integration. New state standards must be considered in the context of the world educational space and taking into account the policy of globalization. It is determined that a balanced synthesis of advanced technologies and the experience of a traditional academic school is important. The integration of artistic and professional education of Ukraine into the world educational space is possible when taking into account national traditions, national specifics and the best domestic achievements in the training of professionals in architecture and fine arts. It is necessary to carefully analyze the latest educational technologies that are being actively implemented in the domestic architecture and art education. This will provide an opportunity for a rational and perfect synthesis of advanced educational technologies with the architectural and artistic traditions of the academic school. Undoubtedly, this will be useful for the process of professional artistic training of future specialists in architecture and art in higher and secondary educational institutions. The best modern achievements of higher education in training future specialists can ensure the competitiveness of domestic professionals in architecture and art.

Developing a quantitative tool to measure the extent to which public spaces meet user needs

Public spaces acquire their value from their ability to meet users' needs and requirements, and their contributing to people's well-being and promoting quality of life. Although several studies have suggested methodologies and tools to measure certain features and elements of open spaces, a comprehensive quantitative tool to measure open users' needs and requirements has not been issued. This study developed a quantity tool to measure the extent to which public spaces meet users' needs and requirements. The tool was developed and implemented in four selected spaces in Sana'a city in Yemen. Space users, specialists in architecture and urban design, and experts in the field of the urban environment were involved in the development of the tool. Tool development has gone through the following validation processes; face validity, content validity index, construct validity of the tool, and internal consistency of items and factors. This study addresses a measuring tool that uses gap analysis index to determine the difference between the current level and the required level when public spaces meet users' requirements.

Project Education in Design. Innovations or Traditions?

The importance of the given article results from active new teaching technologies integrating into the educational system in Russia. The necessity for Russia’s education to shift to up-to-date forms is recognized by everybody in the scientific community. Prospects of project scenarios of acquiring knowledge are evident to everybody. Sooner or later, all persons involved, from professors to students, will have to solve these problems, but in practice, the problems are not so complicated as they seemed at the start of the reforms. Newest technologies in modern education and a historical experience of training specialist in architecture and art will make it possible to solve problems of creating scientific teams based on new cooperation principles. The objective of the given article is to focus the interest of colleagues of all areas of knowledge on the theory and practice of project education in leading scientific schools involved in training specialists in architecture, design, and culture. These areas of education possess a rich experience thanks to many generations of architects, designers, and artists working in decorative art, this experience produces amazing results. A new educational space that is being formed nowadays, puts forward a demand for multifunctional specialists, any experience being appreciated here. A method of solving the problem of shifting to project educational technologies in Russia was stated, among others, in the architectural and design education methodology. Being a work-through principle, project technologies concern all the subjects and meet the demands to form of a complete scope of competences of specialists in these aspects. This article propositions can result in a basis for new project education methods elaboration and fundamentally new educational medium formation. In the first place, these methods are directed to the problem to motivate creative search and form imaginative and project thinking. Nature as a source of inspiration, a factor of shape design and style, and actual problems of preserving it, can become a new content of many projects. A new attitude to the educational space as an integral body will support creating an ideal medium for interaction and development of all participants of the educational process on a permanent basis in future. That is a medium, really beautiful and comfortable for scientific and professional development and perfection.

The Architecture Competition: A Beauty Contest or a Learning Opportunity?

The architecture competition is a high point of interaction between very diverse actors, architecture specialists or not. However, is it really an opportunity for exchange and shared learning? Based on surveys conducted in France and in several European countries on behalf of the French Ministry of Culture, this contribution aims to identify the conditions that foster the interactions inherent to competitions, the possible scope of these exchanges and the rationale behind them. When the competition is a chosen procedure, it is most often perceived as a moment of generating ideas that opens a professional debate and also addresses the general public. When it is mandatory, the competition is guided by another logic: that of ensuring the fairness and transparency of the joint choice of a project and a service provider as well as the legality of the contract concluded with the latter. Depending on the place given by decision-makers to this legal and contractual dimension, the nature and scope of the debates around the competition vary widely. If the legalistic approach dominates, it tends to limit interactions. However if the contracting authority adopts a more open approach to the competition, from programming to the dissemination and capitalisation of its results, it can make a real process of collective deliberation and favour the growth of shared competence.

창의 · 융합 캡스톤 디자인 프로젝트 교육사례 연구 - 환자와 의료진의 요구를 반영한 치과의원 공간 제안을 중심으로 -

Due to the excessive supply of private dental clinics, the selection standard of dental clinic is gradually moving upwards such as the qualitative service of medical team, facilities/size of clinic, and the stable space for waiting/treatment time. This study proceeded with project that interior architecture design students suggest space organization of indoor space of dental clinic after evaluation and result analysis of a survey on patients and medical staff through the capstone design course. The survey was divided into psychological need satisfaction of dental clinic space targeted on patients and space convenience and efficiency of dental clinic space targeted on current medical staff and pre-medical staff. This process was done by collaboration of interior architecture design students and dental hygiene course students, who are pre-medical staff. The survey questions, which were drawn after face-to-face talk with patients and dental staff led by students, were finally selected through the verification of four experts(2 professors of dental hygiene department, 2 interior architecture specialists). After prior survey and main survey were done, the results were reflected to the quantitative outcomes such as plane development design panel, space simulation proposal and dental clinic model with 1/30 Scale. This study is meaningful in that interior architecture design students completed creativity·convergence capstone design project that suggests dental clinic space that satisfies the needs of patients and medical staff through the collaboration with dental hygiene course students and through the advice of experts, so students could seek problem solution methods, collaborate and develop.

Criteria and indicators of valuable attitude to work formation in the future builders and architecture specialists

Criteria and indicators of valuable attitude to work formation in the future builders and architecture specialists

Multisensory Architecture: The Dynamic Interplay of Environment, Movement and Social Function

Early difficulties with motor skills are a common indicator of autism. Overcoming these can improve both the health and the social opportunities of those affected. Sean Ahlquist, Leah Ketcheson and Costanza Colombi – respectively academic specialists in architecture, kinesiology and psychiatry – here describe their cross‐departmental collaboration at the University of Michigan which aims to do just that, through specially designed interactive sensory environments.

Egyptian industrial education teachers perceived computer self efficacy

The aim of this study is to investigate the relation between the Egyptian Industrial Education Teachers' demographic characteristics and their perceived computer self-efficacy. The target population of the study was in-service teachers at Industrial Secondary Schools. Thus, participants consisted of 66 in-service teachers (architecture specialists) in Desouk and Foh industrial secondary schools (Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate), and Badr Industrial Schools (Assiut Governorate), Egypt. The “Perceived Computer Self-Efficacy” scale developed by Askar and Umay (DTAE) was used for collecting data. To accomplish the research objectives, standard deviation, average, ANOVA, and Post-Hoc Tukey HSD tests were used in data analysis. The statistical significance level was accepted as .05 in the study. Results show that there is a significant difference in teachers' age, computer experience level, computer training level and graduation college according to the perceived computer self-efficacy. Also, there is no significant difference among those in-service teachers' perceived computer self-efficacy according to their major. Key words: Perceived computer self-efficacy, industrial education teachers.

TEACHING WITH INFLUENCE: AN ANALYSIS OF TEACHING METHODS USED AT THE COURSE OF CONTROL SYSTEMS IN BUILDINGS

The course of the control systems in buildings was an elective course offered to junior students in credit-hour system at Ain Shams University in Egypt .The course aimed at providing students, who are not energy experts, with a tool that enables them to use energy consequences in designing sustainable buildings, in addition to enhancing critical thinking. To fulfill the course objective, a group of non-systematic teaching methods were applied. Thus the main goal of this paper is examining the application of a group of methods, in environmental design education, to promote critical thinking, to go beyond the limits of academic teaching and to influence students while creating an effective learning environment. This approach is fulfilled through the analysis of the course entitled: “Control Systems in Buildings”, where different teaching methods, techniques and tools were adopted, including debate, case studies analysis, mind mapping, teamwork and various decision-making techniques. The main challenge was that these students were not architecture specialists, as their curriculum concentrates on other issues including civil works and management, in addition to environmental courses. The paper conducted analyses of the case study of the course, where the tasks performed by students, together with an evaluation of their satisfaction with the course and its overall impact on their environmental awareness, choices and exam results were analyzed. The results of this analysis, though very beneficial to any instructor working in the field of environmental education, should be limited to elective courses including a small number of students, to be fully beneficial.

The healthcare acoustics research team: Bridging the gap between architecture, engineering, and medicine

Healthy soundscapes are paramount to the missions of hospitals: patients need to sleep and heal without environmental stressors; staff, patients, and family need to communicate accurately but privately; staff need to be able to localize alarms and calls for help. This talk discusses recent findings from the Healthcare Acoustics Research Team (HART), an international, interdisciplinary collaboration of specialists in architecture, engineering, medicine, nursing, and psychology. Members of the HART network are actively engaged in research in the United States and Sweden, having worked in more than a dozen hospitals and a broad range of unit types including adult and neonatal intensive care, emergency, operating, outpatient, long-term care, mother-baby, and others. Highlights will include projects relating noise and room acoustic measures to staff and patient response in addition to studies evaluating impacts of acoustic retrofits. Results show that effective hospital soundscapes require a complex choreography of architectural layout, acoustic design, and administrative processes that is only beginning to be fully understood.

The system (software) for acoustic and lighting calculation (SCAL) program like support for acoustic and lighting conditioning in interior spaces

This work aims to show an alternative software tool for calculating the acoustic and lighting conditioning and comfort in interior spaces. This program is developed in a desktop version and it can run on different operating systems because it is multiplatform. It is easy to operate. Program tools allow a quick calculation because the system values are stored standards of acoustics and lighting through an intuitive interface. The calculations can be stored and open for future modification; also, the results can be summarized and printed. The activities for its development and validation were as follows: (1) Survey on the requirements and interest that the system should contain. (2) Implementation of the program: It was conducted jointly between subject architecture specialists and computer engineers. (3) Development of training materials for the understanding of the functioning of the application. 4) Testing and evaluation period: The functional and non-functional requirements were evaluated and verify if the obtained results would be the expected results.

Emerging findings from the Healthcare Acoustics Research Team (HART)

Hospital patients, staff, and visitors need healthy soundscapes: patients need to sleep and heal without stress; staff, patients and family need to communicate accurately but privately; staff need to hear alarms and calls for help. Unfortunately, many hospitals are noisy and stressful places. Although there is growing and strong evidence that the hospital soundscape is problematic, there are many remaining questions and obstacles. This presentation will discuss recent case studies and findings from the Healthcare Acoustics Research Team (HART), an international, interdisciplinary collaboration of specialists in architecture, engineering, medicine, nursing, and psychology. HART is actively engaged in research in the United States and Sweden, having worked in a dozen hospitals and a broad range of unit types including intensive care, emergency, operating, long-term patient care, mother-baby, and others. HART seeks to advance the understanding of how various aspects of the hospital soundscape impact occupants, how to best measure and quantify these aspects, and how to translate results into evidence-based-design. Taken as a whole, these studies provide new insight into how to create healthier hospital acoustic climates.

Ethical and Traditional Concerns in Contemporary Japanese Design

Similar to its old history, Japan has a rich traditional and ethical Architecture. Based on these tenets and ethics, different concepts and spaces are formed through the time, as now Japan's ethical and traditional design ideas has its standard principles. Linking the present and the past has always been a momentous criterion in the countries with an old rich Architecture. This fact is indeed important in Japan due to the blend of ethics and religions with peoples` life. Through this idea, three Japanese Architects, Kenzo Tange, Fumihiko Maki and Tadao Ando-who are the only Japanese pritzker prize winners-have well, noticed the need for linking the country's traditional and ethical Architecture criteria with the contemporary Architecture. So, analyzing such projects of these architects prepares a good basis to find out the quality of how traditional and ethical design ideas crystallize in the works of contemporary Japanese architects. The research method for this article is a comparative analysis between the architects` particular projects and Japan's ethical and traditional design ideas, formed through the history of architecture in this country. The contents of this article rely heavily on three bases: 1) study of the historical documents concerning the ethical and traditional design concepts in Japan. 2) The consultancy of leading experts on Asian traditional constructions and ethical architecture specialists from Azad Universities in Tehran. 3) Comparative analysis between the ethical concepts applied in different contemporary works.The results show that the contemporary architects have had good bases for presenting the traditional design concepts as standard principles are all formed in the architecture of Japan today. Meanwhile, it seems that Maki and Ando are more likely to have a conceptual look at Japan's traditions while Tange has a more formal viewpoint. Chronological analysis of the architects` projects shows that despite, all the three architects were impressed by the works of le Corbusier, they were successful to keep contacts with Japan's traditional design concepts.

한국의 공동체 도시환경 개선사업 평가: 대구광역시 담장허물기사업을 사례로

The main objectives of this research are to analyse and evaluate the demolishing walls initiative in Daegu city as the collaborative urban environment improvement initiative in South Korea using the actor network theory concept. Local authorities are unable to effectively and efficiently improve urban environment because of their limited statutory and financial powers. This inability crucially led to the formation of the demolishing walls initiative in Daegu city with building a coalition of the local people, interest groups and public and non-governmental organisations in the operational processes in order to improve the physical and social urban environments. Furthermore, co-ordination between local authorities and landscape architecture specialists not only to change the way in which they tackle urban environmental problems but also to make the local people aware of their potential ability in positively improving the urban environment.